Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3428517
Huan Huan Zhang;Xin Yi Liu;Ying Liu;Zhan Chun Fan;Hai Long Du
An advanced multiphysics numerical methodology is introduced for simulating satellite phased array antennas, encompassing thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic aspects. The finite element method (FEM) is employed for thermal and mechanical simulations, while the electromagnetic simulation is executed using the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method. A multiphysics field coupling mechanism is devised to enable seamless co-simulation of thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic phenomena. The capability, precision and versatility of the proposed method for multiphysics simulation of satellite phased array antennas are substantiated through comprehensive numerical examples.
{"title":"Thermal-Mechanical-Electromagnetic Multiphysics Simulation of Satellite Phased Array Antenna Based on DGTD and FEM Method","authors":"Huan Huan Zhang;Xin Yi Liu;Ying Liu;Zhan Chun Fan;Hai Long Du","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3428517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3428517","url":null,"abstract":"An advanced multiphysics numerical methodology is introduced for simulating satellite phased array antennas, encompassing thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic aspects. The finite element method (FEM) is employed for thermal and mechanical simulations, while the electromagnetic simulation is executed using the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method. A multiphysics field coupling mechanism is devised to enable seamless co-simulation of thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic phenomena. The capability, precision and versatility of the proposed method for multiphysics simulation of satellite phased array antennas are substantiated through comprehensive numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"236-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3427629
Yuting Xiao;Ke Chen;Yijun Feng
Designing compacted electromagnetic (EM) polarization conversion (PC) devices with high efficiency and various frequency response has become crucial due to their irreplaceable role in many applications such as satellite communications, imaging and radar detection. Here, we propose a method that combines prior-knowledge with deep-learning intelligent algorithm to enable fast customization of reflective metasurface polarization converter with on-demand frequency responses. The PC meta-atoms are designed through a combination of forward and inverse convolutional neural networks (FCNN and ICNN). Instead of time-consuming full-wave simulations, the FCNN can accurately predict the PC spectral response, enabling rapid generation of large datasets. While the ICNN, in conjunction with these datasets, facilitates efficient design of the PC meta-atoms. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through the generation of various PC meta-atoms with on-demand specified frequency bands, such as broadband, dual-band or tri-band responses. As an application, a reflective metasurface composed of the ultra-broadband PC atom and its mirror atom obtained with ICNN is designed and optimized with genetic algorithm which achieves a measured ultra-broadband radar cross-section reduction from 8–37 GHz. Our approach offers a quick and intelligent design solution for reflective PC devices, and may be potential in radar, antenna and communication fields.
设计具有高效率和各种频率响应的紧凑型电磁（EM）偏振转换（PC）器件已变得至关重要，因为它们在卫星通信、成像和雷达探测等许多应用中发挥着不可替代的作用。在此，我们提出了一种将先验知识与深度学习智能算法相结合的方法，以实现按需频率响应的反射式元表面偏振转换器的快速定制。PC 元原子的设计结合了正向和反向卷积神经网络（FCNN 和 ICNN）。FCNN 可准确预测 PC 的频谱响应，从而快速生成大型数据集，而无需进行耗时的全波模拟。而 ICNN 与这些数据集相结合，有助于高效设计 PC 元原子。通过按需生成指定频段（如宽带、双频或三频响应）的各种 PC 元原子，展示了所提出的方法。作为一种应用，我们设计了一种由超宽带 PC 原子及其利用 ICNN 获得的镜像原子组成的反射元表面，并利用遗传算法对其进行了优化，从而实现了 8-37 GHz 超宽带雷达截面的实测减小。我们的方法为反射式 PC 设备提供了一种快速、智能的设计解决方案，可能在雷达、天线和通信领域大有用武之地。
{"title":"Deep-Learning-Assisted Design of Polarization Conversion Metasurface With On-Demand Frequency Response and Ultra-Broadband Electromagnetic Scattering Reduction","authors":"Yuting Xiao;Ke Chen;Yijun Feng","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3427629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3427629","url":null,"abstract":"Designing compacted electromagnetic (EM) polarization conversion (PC) devices with high efficiency and various frequency response has become crucial due to their irreplaceable role in many applications such as satellite communications, imaging and radar detection. Here, we propose a method that combines prior-knowledge with deep-learning intelligent algorithm to enable fast customization of reflective metasurface polarization converter with on-demand frequency responses. The PC meta-atoms are designed through a combination of forward and inverse convolutional neural networks (FCNN and ICNN). Instead of time-consuming full-wave simulations, the FCNN can accurately predict the PC spectral response, enabling rapid generation of large datasets. While the ICNN, in conjunction with these datasets, facilitates efficient design of the PC meta-atoms. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through the generation of various PC meta-atoms with on-demand specified frequency bands, such as broadband, dual-band or tri-band responses. As an application, a reflective metasurface composed of the ultra-broadband PC atom and its mirror atom obtained with ICNN is designed and optimized with genetic algorithm which achieves a measured ultra-broadband radar cross-section reduction from 8–37 GHz. Our approach offers a quick and intelligent design solution for reflective PC devices, and may be potential in radar, antenna and communication fields.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3428344
Samuel T. Elkin;Michael Haider;Thomas E. Roth
Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (JTWPAs) are wideband, ultralow-noise amplifiers used to enable the readout of superconducting qubits. While individual JTWPAs have achieved high performance, behavior between devices is inconsistent due to wide manufacturing tolerances. Amplifier designs could be modified to improve resilience towards variations in amplifier components; however, existing device models often rely on analytical techniques that typically fail to incorporate component variations. To begin addressing this issue, a 1D numerical method for modeling JTWPAs is introduced in this work. The method treats the Josephson junctions and transmission lines in an amplifier as coupled subsystems and can easily incorporate arbitrary parameter variations. We discretize the transmission line subsystem with a finite element time domain method and the Josephson junction subsystem with a finite difference method, with leap-frog time marching used to evolve the system in time. We validate our method by comparing the computed gain to an analytical model for a traditional JTWPA architecture and one with resonant phase matching. We then use our method to demonstrate the impact of variations in Josephson junctions and phase-matching resonators on amplification. In future work, the method will be adjusted to incorporate additional amplifier architectures and extended to a 3D full-wave approach.
{"title":"Multiphysics Numerical Method for Modeling Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers","authors":"Samuel T. Elkin;Michael Haider;Thomas E. Roth","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3428344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3428344","url":null,"abstract":"Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (JTWPAs) are wideband, ultralow-noise amplifiers used to enable the readout of superconducting qubits. While individual JTWPAs have achieved high performance, behavior between devices is inconsistent due to wide manufacturing tolerances. Amplifier designs could be modified to improve resilience towards variations in amplifier components; however, existing device models often rely on analytical techniques that typically fail to incorporate component variations. To begin addressing this issue, a 1D numerical method for modeling JTWPAs is introduced in this work. The method treats the Josephson junctions and transmission lines in an amplifier as coupled subsystems and can easily incorporate arbitrary parameter variations. We discretize the transmission line subsystem with a finite element time domain method and the Josephson junction subsystem with a finite difference method, with leap-frog time marching used to evolve the system in time. We validate our method by comparing the computed gain to an analytical model for a traditional JTWPA architecture and one with resonant phase matching. We then use our method to demonstrate the impact of variations in Josephson junctions and phase-matching resonators on amplification. In future work, the method will be adjusted to incorporate additional amplifier architectures and extended to a 3D full-wave approach.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"247-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3422609
Jinghan Xu;Shengguo Xia;Lixue Chen;Chengxian Li;Hongdan Yang
The armature and rail (A/R) interface is an imperfect contact that is made at discrete asperities at the microscale resulting from high contact pressure. The current distribution of the interface differs significantly from the bulk behavior. In this paper, based on the contact layer model (CLM) and the Cooper-Mikic-Yoranovich model (CMYM), sheet element approximation and boundary conditions are proposed to analyze the electromagnetic properties of the A/R interface. Assuming zero gradients of the magnetic vector in the thickness direction, there are two ways for the approximation, which are mathematical approximation (MA) and physical approximation (PA). Results from both methods show high agreement, consistent with results from slit boundary conditions. Current distributions on both stationary and sliding A/R interfaces are numerically investigated. On the stationary interface, current diffuses from the edges to the central part of the real contact area, whereas on the sliding interface, current concentration occurs at the trailing edge due to the velocity skin effect (VSE). Furthermore, the contour of the current distribution aligns with the erosion pattern observed in experiments, validating the accuracy of the computational method.
{"title":"Sheet Element Approximation for Numerical Study of Current on Armature and Rail Interface","authors":"Jinghan Xu;Shengguo Xia;Lixue Chen;Chengxian Li;Hongdan Yang","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3422609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3422609","url":null,"abstract":"The armature and rail (A/R) interface is an imperfect contact that is made at discrete asperities at the microscale resulting from high contact pressure. The current distribution of the interface differs significantly from the bulk behavior. In this paper, based on the contact layer model (CLM) and the Cooper-Mikic-Yoranovich model (CMYM), sheet element approximation and boundary conditions are proposed to analyze the electromagnetic properties of the A/R interface. Assuming zero gradients of the magnetic vector in the thickness direction, there are two ways for the approximation, which are mathematical approximation (MA) and physical approximation (PA). Results from both methods show high agreement, consistent with results from slit boundary conditions. Current distributions on both stationary and sliding A/R interfaces are numerically investigated. On the stationary interface, current diffuses from the edges to the central part of the real contact area, whereas on the sliding interface, current concentration occurs at the trailing edge due to the velocity skin effect (VSE). Furthermore, the contour of the current distribution aligns with the erosion pattern observed in experiments, validating the accuracy of the computational method.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"228-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3421958
Kaiqi Yan;Ana Vukovic;Phillip Sewell
This paper outlines a fully coupled electrothermal time-domain method to model the effects of lightning strikes and the formation of plasma. The plasma material is described by using the Drude model. This method predicts the formation of the discharge channel by solving the electromagnetic field and the temperature before, during and after the air breaks down. The proposed method is applied to analyse the performance of a number of segmented lightning diverter strips used for lightning protection.
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Coupled Electrothermal Method Based on the Unstructured Transmission-Line Modelling Method for Lightning Protection Simulations","authors":"Kaiqi Yan;Ana Vukovic;Phillip Sewell","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3421958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3421958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a fully coupled electrothermal time-domain method to model the effects of lightning strikes and the formation of plasma. The plasma material is described by using the Drude model. This method predicts the formation of the discharge channel by solving the electromagnetic field and the temperature before, during and after the air breaks down. The proposed method is applied to analyse the performance of a number of segmented lightning diverter strips used for lightning protection.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"208-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3416688
Stephen D. Gedney;Nastaran Hendijani;John C. Young;Robert J. Adams
An integral equation formulation is presented for the modeling of the electrostatic fields surrounding arbitrary three-dimensional structures situated in a conducting layered medium. The layered Green's function for the electrostatic potential and the tensor Green's function for the gradient potential are derived. Closed forms for the 3D layered Green's functions are generated using a discrete complex image method (DCIM) approximation. Improved accuracy of the DCIM approximation is achieved using optimization for the computation of the DCIM poles and residues. The problem is discretized via a high-order locally corrected Nyström method with curvilinear cells. Several examples are shown that demonstrate the accuracy of the DCIM approximation for layered media with disparate layer spacing and conductivities for arbitrary 3D geometries.
{"title":"Electrostatic Boundary Integral Method for 3D Structures in a Layered Conducting Medium","authors":"Stephen D. Gedney;Nastaran Hendijani;John C. Young;Robert J. Adams","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3416688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3416688","url":null,"abstract":"An integral equation formulation is presented for the modeling of the electrostatic fields surrounding arbitrary three-dimensional structures situated in a conducting layered medium. The layered Green's function for the electrostatic potential and the tensor Green's function for the gradient potential are derived. Closed forms for the 3D layered Green's functions are generated using a discrete complex image method (DCIM) approximation. Improved accuracy of the DCIM approximation is achieved using optimization for the computation of the DCIM poles and residues. The problem is discretized via a high-order locally corrected Nyström method with curvilinear cells. Several examples are shown that demonstrate the accuracy of the DCIM approximation for layered media with disparate layer spacing and conductivities for arbitrary 3D geometries.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3386842
Jie Li;Min Tang;Lin-Sheng Wu;Liguo Jiang;Wenliang Dai;Junfa Mao
In this article, an efficient Laguerre-based alternating direction implicit (LB-ADI) approach is proposed for the transient thermal simulation of integrated chiplets and packages. The transient heat conduction equation is transformed into the Laguerre domain by the Laguerre basis functions and the Galerkin's testing method. With spatial discretization, the resulting matrix equation based on a marching-on-in-order scheme is established. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a new ADI approach in the Laguerre domain is developed. Only three tridiagonal matrices need to be solved in each order, which significantly reduces the simulation time and memory requirement. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by numerical results.
本文针对集成芯片和封装的瞬态热模拟，提出了一种高效的基于拉盖尔交替方向隐式（LB-ADI）方法。通过 Laguerre 基函数和 Galerkin 检验法，将瞬态热传导方程转换到 Laguerre 域。通过空间离散化，建立了基于阶内行进方案的矩阵方程。为了提高计算效率，开发了一种新的拉盖尔域 ADI 方法。每阶只需求解三个三对角矩阵，从而大大减少了模拟时间和内存需求。数值结果验证了所提方法的准确性和效率。
{"title":"LB-ADI: An Efficient Method for Transient Thermal Simulation of Integrated Chiplets and Packages","authors":"Jie Li;Min Tang;Lin-Sheng Wu;Liguo Jiang;Wenliang Dai;Junfa Mao","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3386842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3386842","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an efficient Laguerre-based alternating direction implicit (LB-ADI) approach is proposed for the transient thermal simulation of integrated chiplets and packages. The transient heat conduction equation is transformed into the Laguerre domain by the Laguerre basis functions and the Galerkin's testing method. With spatial discretization, the resulting matrix equation based on a marching-on-in-order scheme is established. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a new ADI approach in the Laguerre domain is developed. Only three tridiagonal matrices need to be solved in each order, which significantly reduces the simulation time and memory requirement. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by numerical results.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3385451
Yanan Liu;Hongliang Li;Jian-Ming Jin
In this article, we present an optimization method based on the hybridization of the genetic algorithm (GA) and gradient optimization (grad-opt) and facilitated by a physics-informed machine learning model. In the proposed method, the slow-but-global GA is used as a pre-screening tool to provide good initial values to the fast-but-local grad-opt. We introduce a robust metric to measure the goodness of the designs as starting points and use a set of control parameters to fine tune the optimization dynamics. We utilize the machine learning with analytic extension of eigenvalues (ML w/AEE) model to integrate the two pieces seamlessly and accelerate the optimization process by speeding up forward evaluation in GA and gradient calculation in grad-opt. We employ the divide-and-conquer strategy to further improve modeling efficiency and accelerate the design process and propose the use of a fusion module to allow for end-to-end gradient propagation. Two numerical examples are included to show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method, compared with traditional approaches.
在本文中，我们提出了一种基于遗传算法（GA）和梯度优化（grad-opt）混合的优化方法，并通过物理信息机器学习模型加以促进。在所提出的方法中，缓慢但全局的遗传算法被用作预筛选工具，为快速但局部的梯度优化提供良好的初始值。我们引入了一个稳健的指标来衡量作为起点的设计的优劣，并使用一组控制参数来微调优化动态。我们利用带有特征值分析扩展的机器学习（ML w/AEE）模型将两部分无缝集成，并通过加速 GA 中的前向评估和 grad-opt 中的梯度计算来加速优化过程。我们采用分而治之的策略进一步提高建模效率，加快设计过程，并建议使用融合模块来实现端到端的梯度传播。我们还列举了两个数值示例，以说明与传统方法相比，所提方法的稳健性和高效性。
{"title":"A Hybrid Electromagnetic Optimization Method Based on Physics-Informed Machine Learning","authors":"Yanan Liu;Hongliang Li;Jian-Ming Jin","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3385451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3385451","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present an optimization method based on the hybridization of the genetic algorithm (GA) and gradient optimization (grad-opt) and facilitated by a physics-informed machine learning model. In the proposed method, the slow-but-global GA is used as a pre-screening tool to provide good initial values to the fast-but-local grad-opt. We introduce a robust metric to measure the goodness of the designs as starting points and use a set of control parameters to fine tune the optimization dynamics. We utilize the machine learning with analytic extension of eigenvalues (ML w/AEE) model to integrate the two pieces seamlessly and accelerate the optimization process by speeding up forward evaluation in GA and gradient calculation in grad-opt. We employ the divide-and-conquer strategy to further improve modeling efficiency and accelerate the design process and propose the use of a fusion module to allow for end-to-end gradient propagation. Two numerical examples are included to show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method, compared with traditional approaches.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10493126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3382725
Zhiwen Dong;Xinlei Chen;Fan Gao;Changqing Gu;Zhuo Li;Wu Yang;Weibing Lu
Using only the RWG functions, the combined source integral equation (CSIE) with weak form combined source condition can achieve fine accuracy and fast iterative convergence for conductor objects. However, compared with a conventional integral equation in the method of moments (MoM), the conventional CSIE involves more matrices and more complex numerical processing, and these make the CSIE inefficient, especially for multiple excitation problems. In this article, a characteristic basis function (CBF)-based CSIE with initial guess is proposed to mitigate this problem. The CBF is employed to reduce the number of unknowns as well as the storage consumptions and iteration time. In the meantime, an initial guess especially for CBFs is proposed to reduce iterations when solving multiple excitation problems. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"Efficient Iterative Solution of Combined Source Integral Equation Using Characteristic Basis Function Method With Initial Guess","authors":"Zhiwen Dong;Xinlei Chen;Fan Gao;Changqing Gu;Zhuo Li;Wu Yang;Weibing Lu","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3382725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3382725","url":null,"abstract":"Using only the RWG functions, the combined source integral equation (CSIE) with weak form combined source condition can achieve fine accuracy and fast iterative convergence for conductor objects. However, compared with a conventional integral equation in the method of moments (MoM), the conventional CSIE involves more matrices and more complex numerical processing, and these make the CSIE inefficient, especially for multiple excitation problems. In this article, a characteristic basis function (CBF)-based CSIE with initial guess is proposed to mitigate this problem. The CBF is employed to reduce the number of unknowns as well as the storage consumptions and iteration time. In the meantime, an initial guess especially for CBFs is proposed to reduce iterations when solving multiple excitation problems. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3399911
Kangshuai Du;Shilie He;Chengzhuo Zhao;Na Liu;Qing Huo Liu
A spectral element time-domain (SETD) method with perfectly matched layers (PML) is proposed to simulate the behavior of electron waves, interference effects and tunneling effects, in three-dimensional (3-D) devices by solving Schrödinger equation. The proposed method employs Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) polynomials to represent the wave function. Easy construction of higher-order element makes refinement straightforward and spectral accuracy can be obtained from the SETD. Meanwhile, by utilizing the GLL quadrature, a diagonal mass matrix is obtained which is meaningful in the time-stepping process. Numerical experiments confirm that, for open boundary problems, employing PML yields results characterized by high numerical efficiency, remarkable flexibility and ease of implementation. These findings underscore the effectiveness of SETD-PML in addressing the challenges posed by open boundary conditions, making it a reliable choice for numerical simulations. Some illustrative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"A 3-D Spectral Element Time-Domain Method With Perfectly Matched Layers for Transient Schrödinger Equation","authors":"Kangshuai Du;Shilie He;Chengzhuo Zhao;Na Liu;Qing Huo Liu","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3399911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3399911","url":null,"abstract":"A spectral element time-domain (SETD) method with perfectly matched layers (PML) is proposed to simulate the behavior of electron waves, interference effects and tunneling effects, in three-dimensional (3-D) devices by solving Schrödinger equation. The proposed method employs Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) polynomials to represent the wave function. Easy construction of higher-order element makes refinement straightforward and spectral accuracy can be obtained from the SETD. Meanwhile, by utilizing the GLL quadrature, a diagonal mass matrix is obtained which is meaningful in the time-stepping process. Numerical experiments confirm that, for open boundary problems, employing PML yields results characterized by high numerical efficiency, remarkable flexibility and ease of implementation. These findings underscore the effectiveness of SETD-PML in addressing the challenges posed by open boundary conditions, making it a reliable choice for numerical simulations. Some illustrative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"9 ","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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