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Tribological performance of microstructured surfaces with different wettability from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic 从超亲水到超疏水不同润湿性微结构表面的摩擦学性能
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0023
Zhihui Zhang, Zhenquan Cui, Hujun Wang, Chaorui Jiang, Jie Zhao, Luquan Ren

The anti-friction function of superwetting surfaces with superhydrophobicity has been demonstrated. However, the influence regularity of wettability to tribological performance, and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. Here, two kinds of microstructured surfaces with different wettability are fabricated on the substrate of steel by controlling surface chemical compositions. The water contact angles on these surfaces range from 0° to 151°. The ball-plate tribological tests are performed under water lubrication. The results show that the tribological performance is closely related to surface wettability. The friction coefficient increases with the increase of contact angles when the surfaces are hydrophilic rather than superhydrophilic. In contrast, the friction coefficient on the hydrophobic surfaces decreases with the increase of contact angles. Furthermore, the best anti-friction capability is obtained on the superhydrophobic surfaces, and the anti-friction mechanism is elucidated. The lowest friction coefficient was 0.12 under the load of 10 N. This work provides strong evidence of an association between tribological property and wettability, which may inspire the fabrication and application of special wetting surfaces in friction control.

研究了具有超疏水性的超润湿表面的抗摩擦作用。然而,润湿性对摩擦学性能的影响规律及其机理尚不清楚。本文通过控制表面化学成分,在钢基体上制备了两种不同润湿性的微结构表面。这些表面上的水接触角范围从0°到151°。球盘摩擦学试验在水润滑条件下进行。结果表明,摩擦摩擦学性能与表面润湿性密切相关。当表面为亲水性而非超亲水性时,摩擦系数随接触角的增大而增大。疏水表面的摩擦系数随接触角的增大而减小。在超疏水表面获得了最佳的抗摩擦性能,并阐明了其抗摩擦机理。在10 n的载荷下,最低摩擦系数为0.12。这项工作为摩擦学性能和润湿性之间的联系提供了强有力的证据,这可能会启发特殊润湿表面在摩擦控制中的制造和应用。
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引用次数: 5
Effect of a chitosan edible-coating enriched with Citrus limon peel extracts and Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extracts on the shelf-life of bananas 富含柠檬皮提取物和芦竹叶提取物的壳聚糖可食用涂层对香蕉保质期的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0002
Samarpan Deb Majumder, Soumya Sarathi Ganguly

In recent years, the need for the capability of decelerating the ripening process has increased significantly, especially in countries such as India where the post-harvest loss is ∼630 billion dollars annually. The ripening process primarily starts with transpiration and respiration through microscopic pores present on the fruit. Accordingly, edible coatings can act as barriers, reducing the acceleration of these biochemical processes and enhance the shelf-life of the fruit. For this study, 2% chitosan enriched with peel extracts from Citrus limon and leaf extracts from Ocimum tenuiflorum were used as an edible coating and the quality of bananas was evaluated over time. The ripening process was found to be delayed for a significant amount of time. The study also revealed increased anti-oxidant activity based on absorbance changes of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, which correlated with the phytochemical content of the fruit.

近年来,对减缓成熟过程的能力的需求显著增加,特别是在印度等国家,收获后损失每年约6300亿美元。成熟过程主要开始于蒸腾和呼吸作用,通过存在于果实上的微孔。因此,可食用涂层可以作为屏障,减少这些生化过程的加速,延长水果的保质期。本研究以2%壳聚糖和柠檬皮提取物、芦竹叶提取物作为可食用涂层,并对香蕉的质量进行了长期评价。成熟过程被发现延迟了相当长的时间。研究还发现,基于2,2-二苯基-1-苦酰肼的吸光度变化,抗氧化活性增加,这与果实的植物化学含量有关。
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引用次数: 4
Dynamic testing of volleyball players' body posture using a formetric 3D device 利用形式化三维装置对排球运动员身体姿势进行动态测试
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-24 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0008
Jianhua Ying, Feng Ren, Gusztáv Fekete

Volleyball activities involve several factors such as asymmetrical movements, muscle imbalance, and continual overloading that damage body posture. This study aimed to determine postural changes of volleyball players in spike overhand front set, overhand pass ball, and mat ball motions, and if there is any postural variation difference between short training and long training volleyball players. Methods: Fifteen long training and short training male volleyball players aged 21–23 years were recruited in this study. The upper-thoracic angle, thoracic-lumbar segment angle, lower lumbar-sacral segment, pelvic inclination, and inclination of the acromion were measured using DIERS formetric 3D device in a dynamic way. During the overhand pass motion, long training participants showed a significant larger peak upper-thoracic and peak thoracic-lumbar angles than short training participants. During the mat ball motion, the long training volleyball players demonstrated a significant higher peak upper-thoracic angle, but a smaller peak inclination of the acromion than short trainers. During the spike overhand front set motion, long trainers showed a significant smaller peak upper-thoracic angle than short trainers. Athletes should consider developing an appropriate dynamic trunk stabilization to reduce posture imbalance during volleyball activities.

排球活动涉及几个因素,如不对称的动作,肌肉不平衡,持续的负荷,损害身体姿势。本研究旨在了解排球运动员扣球、手前接、手传球、垫球动作的体位变化,以及短练与长练排球运动员的体位变化是否有差异。方法:选取15名21 ~ 23岁的长、短训练男子排球运动员为研究对象。采用DIERS三维测量仪动态测量上胸椎角、胸腰椎段角、下腰骶段角、骨盆倾角、肩峰倾角。在上手传球运动中,长时间训练的参与者表现出明显大于短时间训练参与者的上胸椎和胸腰椎角峰值。在垫球运动中,长时间训练的排球运动员的上胸角峰值明显高于短时间训练的运动员,而肩峰倾角峰值明显小于短时间训练的运动员。在扣球上手前置动作中,长训练者的上胸角峰值明显小于短训练者。运动员应考虑发展适当的动态躯干稳定,以减少排球活动中的姿势不平衡。
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引用次数: 3
Tribological performance of ionic liquid-lubricated carbon brush/collector ring current-carrying friction system 离子液体润滑碳刷/集电环载流摩擦系统的摩擦学性能
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-10-28 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0010
Yang Fu, Hongling Qin, Xiang Xu, Xiaolong Zhang, Zhiguang Guo

The lubricity and anti-wear ability of ionic liquids (ILs) were studied by a current-carrying friction test on IL-lubricated carbon brushes. The results indicated that the conductivity and wear resistance of different ILs are different, and may vary for different carbon brushes. The E468e carbon brush was found to be more sensitive to IL lubrication than D172 carbon brush. Importantly, an analysis of the wear surfaces of the D172 and E468e carbon brushes revealed that, due to the different materials of the two carbon brushes and the composition of the IL, the lubrication effect on the carbon brushes was different. The viscosity of the IL will affect its wettability on the carbon brush surface. The better the wettability, the easier the movement of ions on the surface, which makes it easier to form a conductive physical adsorption film. Therefore, in practice, a better IL must be selected by considering the wettability of IL and carbon brushes.

通过离子液体碳刷载流摩擦试验,研究了离子液体的润滑性能和抗磨性能。结果表明,不同电刷的电导率和耐磨性是不同的,并且对不同的碳刷有不同的影响。发现E468e碳刷比D172碳刷对IL润滑更敏感。重要的是,对D172和E468e碳刷磨损表面的分析表明,由于两种碳刷的材料和IL的组成不同,对碳刷的润滑效果也不同。IL的粘度会影响其在碳刷表面的润湿性。润湿性越好,离子就越容易在表面运动,从而更容易形成导电的物理吸附膜。因此,在实际应用中,必须综合考虑IL和碳刷的润湿性来选择较好的IL。
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引用次数: 2
Erosion protection of low‐concentration fluoride on human tooth enamel: results from surface morphology and nanomechanical and anti‐wear properties 低浓度氟化物对人类牙釉质的腐蚀保护:表面形态和纳米力学和抗磨损性能的结果
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0017
L. Zheng, M. Shi
Dental erosion results in excessive tooth wear. The contribution of low-concentration fluoride used daily in the prevention and treatment of erosion has not been fully understood. In this study, the effects of fluoride (225 ppm F−) on the surface morphology and nano-mechanical and anti-wear properties of human tooth enamel were investigated to explore whether low-concentration NaF solution could help protect tooth enamel from erosion. In total, 40 enamel samples were divided into 5 groups, viz. group O: original surface with no treatment, group F: fluoride treatment (NaF, 225 ppm F−, pH 6.3), group E: erosion treatment (0.001 M citric acid, pH 3.2, 3 min), group EF: erosion treatment and then fluorination and group FE: fluoride treatment and then erosion. The mechanical and anti-wear properties of enamel samples were examined using a nano-indentation/scratch technique. Both surface morphology and scratch morphology of enamel samples were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, from the perspectives of surface morphology and anti-wear properties, fluorination with low-concentration fluoride (225 ppm F−) before erosion has a certain potential for protection against dental erosion. Fluoride treatment after erosion has no obvious impact on the remineralisation of eroded enamel.
牙齿腐蚀导致牙齿过度磨损。日常使用的低浓度氟化物在预防和治疗侵蚀中的作用尚未完全了解。在本研究中,研究了氟(225ppm F−)对人牙釉质表面形貌、纳米力学和抗磨损性能的影响,以探讨低浓度NaF溶液是否有助于保护牙釉质免受侵蚀。将40个牙釉质样品分为5组:O组:未处理的原始表面,F组:氟化处理(NaF, 225 ppm F−,pH 6.3), E组:腐蚀处理(0.001 M柠檬酸,pH 3.2, 3 min), EF组:腐蚀处理后氟化,FE组:氟化处理后腐蚀。采用纳米压痕/划痕技术研究了牙釉质样品的力学性能和抗磨损性能。用扫描电镜观察釉质样品的表面形貌和划痕形貌。结果表明,从表面形貌和抗磨损性能的角度来看,在腐蚀前用低浓度氟(225ppm F−)氟化具有一定的防牙蚀潜力。腐蚀后氟化处理对腐蚀牙釉质的再矿化无明显影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human tooth dentine 再矿化对人牙本质力学性能和摩擦学行为的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0013
Xiaoyu Guo, Lei Lei, Heng Xiao, Jing Zheng
With ageing and pathological factors, dentine exposure becomes more and more commonplace in the clinic. The mechanical properties of dentine are far less than those of enamel. Once exposed, dentine exhibits a weak wear-resistance and then results in many oral diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to study effective measures to improve the wear-resistance of dentine. In this study, the effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human dentine was studied in vitro using nano-indentation/scratch technique. Remineralisation treatment was conducted by immersing dentine specimens in casein phosphopeptides–amorphous calcium phosphate–asparagine-serine-serine solution for 7 days after 24 h pre-treatment in polydopamine solution. Results show that after the remineralisation treatment, dentine surface is covered with a layer of dense hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals with high crystallinity and preferential orientation, and dentinal tubules are occluded. Surface hardness and elastic modulus of dentine increase by 35 and 78%, respectively, and the wear volume decreases by 86%. The crystals that occlude the dentine tubules do not fall off on the worn surface. In sum, remineralisation enhances the mechanical properties and anti-wear performance of dentine surface by forming a hard covering consisting of dense HA crystals, which is a potential measure to prevent excessive tooth wear by dentine exposure.
随着年龄的增长和病理因素的影响,牙本质暴露在临床上越来越普遍。牙本质的力学性能远不如牙釉质。牙本质一旦暴露,就会表现出较弱的耐磨性,从而导致许多口腔疾病。因此,有必要研究提高牙本质耐磨性的有效措施。本研究采用纳米压痕/划痕技术,在体外研究再矿化对人牙本质力学性能和摩擦学行为的影响。在多多巴胺溶液预处理24 h后,将牙本质标本浸泡在酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙-天冬酰胺-丝氨酸-丝氨酸溶液中7天,进行再矿化处理。结果表明:再矿化处理后,牙本质表面覆盖一层致密的高结晶度、择优取向的羟基磷灰石(HA)晶体,牙本质小管被堵塞。牙本质的表面硬度和弹性模量分别提高了35%和78%,磨损体积减小了86%。堵塞牙本质小管的晶体不会在磨损的表面脱落。综上所述,再矿化通过形成由致密HA晶体组成的坚硬覆盖物来提高牙本质表面的力学性能和抗磨损性能,这是防止牙本质暴露导致牙齿过度磨损的潜在措施。
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引用次数: 1
Injectable hydrogels for anti‐tumour treatment: a review 用于抗肿瘤治疗的可注射水凝胶:综述
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0020
Huang He, Chaoming Xie, Xiong Lu
Injectable hydrogels have become the material of choice for the treatment of solid tumours based on their advantages in loading anti-tumour materials. This study reviews the main scientific research achievements on anti-tumour injectable hydrogels in recent years. The gel-forming mechanism of anti-tumour injectable hydrogels was listed, and the advantages and difficulties of each gel-forming mechanism were summarised. In addition, several current anti-tumour methods based on injectable hydrogels were discussed, including chemotherapy, hyperthermia-based therapy, catalytic therapy and immune therapy, as well as the integration of diagnosis and treatment to monitor the progress of cancer treatment. The anti-tumour mechanism and the advantages and disadvantages of various tumour treatments were analysed. Finally, the future development trend of injectable hydrogels for anti-tumour therapy was discussed.
可注射水凝胶由于其装载抗肿瘤物质的优点,已成为治疗实体肿瘤的首选材料。本文综述了近年来抗肿瘤注射水凝胶的主要科研成果。列举了抗肿瘤注射水凝胶的成胶机理,总结了各种成胶机理的优点和难点。此外,还讨论了目前基于可注射水凝胶的几种抗肿瘤方法,包括化疗、热疗、催化治疗和免疫治疗,以及诊断和治疗的一体化,以监测癌症治疗的进展。分析了抗肿瘤机制及各种肿瘤治疗方法的优缺点。最后,对今后抗肿瘤注射用水凝胶的发展趋势进行了展望。
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引用次数: 6
Synthesis of articular cartilage‐inspired branched polyelectrolyte polymer for enhanced lubrication 关节软骨激发的支化聚电解质聚合物的合成,用于增强润滑
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0004
Yixin Wang, L. Wan, Yulong Sun, Hongyu Zhang
The superlubrication property of articular cartilage is attributed to the hydration lubrication mechanism. This involves the complexation of biomacromolecules with phosphatidylcholine lipids to form a lubricating boundary layer on the surface. Based on this mechanism, a branched polyelectrolyte polymer – PEI-PMPC was synthesised in this study to enhance lubrication via tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated grafting polymerisation of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) onto polyethyleneimine (PEI) with various molecular weights. Following the characterisation of the polymer using nuclear magnetic resonance, a series of tribological tests were performed under different normal loads and different scan rates. The results showed that the PEI-PMPC polyelectrolyte polymer in aqueous solution could effectively reduce the friction coefficient and wear generation between the polyethylene ball and the silica wafer. Additionally, an improvement in the lubrication performance was detected for the PEI-PMPC polyelectrolyte polymer when high molecular weight PEI was used during the reaction, which was attributed to the formation of the hydration shells surrounding the zwitterionic charges of PMPC and the viscosity of the polymer. In conclusion, the PEI-PMPC polyelectrolyte polymer developed herein was characterised by enhanced lubrication, and may be potentially used for biomedical applications such as intra-articular injection to restore joint lubrication.
关节软骨的超润滑特性归因于水化润滑机制。这涉及生物大分子与磷脂酰胆碱脂的络合,在表面形成润滑边界层。在此基础上,本研究通过叔丁基过氧化氢引发2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酸胆碱(MPC)在不同分子量的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)上接枝聚合,合成了支化聚电解质聚合物PEI- pmpc。在使用核磁共振对聚合物进行表征之后,在不同的正常载荷和不同的扫描速率下进行了一系列摩擦学测试。结果表明,PEI-PMPC聚电解质聚合物在水溶液中可以有效降低聚乙烯球与硅片之间的摩擦系数和磨损产生。此外,当在反应过程中使用高分子量PEI时,PEI-PMPC聚电解质聚合物的润滑性能得到了改善,这是由于PMPC的两性离子电荷周围形成了水化壳和聚合物的粘度。总之,本文开发的PEI-PMPC聚电解质聚合物具有增强润滑的特点,并且可能潜在地用于生物医学应用,例如关节内注射以恢复关节润滑。
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引用次数: 1
Bio-interface behaviour of graphene and semiconducting SWCNT:C60 blend based nano photodiode for subretinal implant 基于石墨烯和半导体SWCNT:C60共混物的视网膜下植入纳米光电二极管的生物界面行为
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-24 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2019.0045
Moorthy Vijai Meyyappan, Varadarajan Parthasarathy, Rathnasami Joseph Daniel

Hybrid interfaces between living cells and organic conjugated polymers play a pivotal role in bioelectronics medicine. Currently, conjugated polymers are widely utilised for optical stimulation of living cells and other bio-interface applications such as neural probes, cellular scaffolds and biosensors for drug release. In such a work, the authors fabricated and characterised the Nano Photodiode array device for the subretinal implant. However, the authors did not discuss in their report about the biocompatibility of this new device. In this work, the authors manifest that the quintessential graphene electrode and polymer blend of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube and C60 fullerene (S-SWCNT:C60) sustains its optoelectronic properties all through the various strides for neural preparation. Further, the studies show that these materials can provide a favourable environment for cell proliferation and a high degree of biocompatibility. PC-12 cells used as a valuable model to validate the biocompatibility were grown successfully onto the S-SWCNT:C60 active layer still preserving its optical and electrical properties. The improved electrical performance of nano photodiode made of graphene, S-SWCNT:C60 established in the previous studies and the excellent bio-interface performance of this nano photodiode shows that the nano photodiode array proposed by the authors is a strong candidate for subretinal implants.

活细胞与有机共轭聚合物之间的杂化界面在生物电子医学中起着举足轻重的作用。目前,共轭聚合物被广泛应用于活细胞的光学刺激和其他生物界面应用,如神经探针、细胞支架和药物释放的生物传感器。在这项工作中,作者制作并表征了用于视网膜下植入的纳米光电二极管阵列装置。然而,作者没有在他们的报告中讨论这种新装置的生物相容性。在这项工作中,作者证明了典型的石墨烯电极和半导体单壁碳纳米管和C60富勒烯的聚合物混合物(S-SWCNT:C60)在神经系统制备的各个阶段都保持了其光电特性。此外,研究表明,这些材料可以提供良好的细胞增殖环境和高度的生物相容性。作为验证生物相容性的重要模型,PC-12细胞成功生长在S-SWCNT:C60活性层上,仍保持其光学和电学特性。前人的研究表明,由石墨烯、S-SWCNT:C60制备的纳米光电二极管的电学性能有所提高,且该纳米光电二极管具有优异的生物界面性能,表明本文提出的纳米光电二极管阵列是视网膜下植入物的有力候选。
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引用次数: 3
Diet reduces the effect of exogenous grit on tooth microwear 饮食降低了外源砂砾对牙齿微磨损的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2019.0041
Licheng Hua, Jianbin Chen, Peter S. Ungar

Exogenous grit adherent to the surface of food items and food fracture properties have each been considered important factors contributing to pattern and degree of tooth wear in mammals. However, the interactions between these two factors in generating distinctive microwear textures have remained understudied. Here the authors revisit in-vitro results from simulated chewing to explore how adherent grit and physical properties of foods act together to create dental microwear textures on occlusal enamel surfaces. Results suggest that the effect of exogenous grit on microwear texture is dependent on the material properties foods to which they adhere. Grit in the absence of food causes more complex microwear surface textures than foods covered with similar levels and types of grit (for a given number of chews and angle of approach between opposing teeth). Different foods covered in grit also yield different complexity values. Grit-laden, pliant meat, for example, results in a less complex texture than does resistant, grit-laden raw carrot. This work implied that tooth wear assessment can benefit from considering grit load and food material properties together.

食物表面附着的外源性砂粒和食物断裂特性都被认为是影响哺乳动物牙齿磨损模式和程度的重要因素。然而,这两个因素在产生独特微磨损纹理方面的相互作用仍未得到充分研究。在这里,作者重新审视了模拟咀嚼的体外结果,以探索粘附的沙砾和食物的物理特性如何共同作用,在咬合牙釉质表面产生牙齿微磨损纹理。结果表明,外源磨粒对微磨损织构的影响取决于其粘附的材料特性。在没有食物的情况下,砂砾比覆盖着相似水平和类型的砂砾的食物(对于给定的咀嚼次数和相对牙齿之间的接近角度)造成更复杂的微磨损表面纹理。覆盖在砂砾中的不同食物也会产生不同的复杂性值。例如,含砂砾的柔韧肉的质地就没有含砂砾的生胡萝卜那么复杂。这项工作表明,将磨粒负荷和食品材料性能结合起来考虑,可以对牙齿磨损进行评估。
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引用次数: 8
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