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Art, pictoriality and semiotics – a reflection on Göran Sonesson’s contribution to art theory 艺术、图像性和符号学--对戈兰-索内松对艺术理论贡献的思考
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2024-2006
Gunnar Sandin
This reflection on Göran Sonesson’s writings and theoretical engagement in art is also a survey of a set of semiotic concepts related to this area. As a semiotician Sonesson wrote about varying sub-genres like fine art, photography, film and architecture. The reflection is also a personal recollection – as a colleague, friend and participant in the Lund circle of semiotics – of ideas and discussions highlighting the relation between semiotics, art theory and artistic practice. This reflection captures a couple of notions of importance in Sonesson’s contributions to semiotic theory relating to pictoriality, art and culture, such as “secondary iconicity”, “projected Ego, Alter and Alius”, “sedimentation of impressions”, “picture subject and picture object”, etc. The reflection ends in stating the importance of the specifically Lifeworld-based semiotic contribution by Sonesson to art theory, a contribution perhaps yet to be fully appreciated, and how this contribution also corresponds with how practicing artists reach out to, but also goes beyond, the art world itself.
对戈兰-索内松(Göran Sonesson)的著作和艺术理论的思考,也是对与该领域相关的一系列符号学概念的考察。作为一名符号学家,索内松的著作涉及美术、摄影、电影和建筑等不同的子类型。作为伦德符号学圈子的同事、朋友和参与者,本反思也是对突出符号学、艺术理论和艺术实践之间关系的观点和讨论的个人回忆。本思考捕捉了索内松对符号学理论中与图像性、艺术和文化有关的几个重要概念,如 "次级图标性"、"投射的自我、Alter 和 Alius"、"印象的沉淀"、"图像主体和图像客体 "等。反思的最后指出了索内松对艺术理论做出的以生活世界为基础的具体符号学贡献的重要性,这一贡献或许尚未得到充分认识,以及这一贡献如何与实践艺术家如何接触艺术世界本身以及如何超越艺术世界本身相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Psychologism in the study of children’s semiotic development 儿童符号学发展研究中的心理主义
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2024-2009
Sara M. Lenninger
This essay discusses the notion of ‘semiotic development in child development’ and highlights potential concerns for ‘psychologism’ when semiotics turns into cognitive semiotics. The notion of ‘semiotic development in child development’ indicates a transdisciplinary approach involving both semiotics, the general study of meaning and signs, and child psychology. This, however, invites the criticism of committing the fallacy of psychologism. Piaget was aware of this dilemma when developing his theory of the semiotic function as a united capacity in children’s cognitive development. Sonesson’s proposal of a general definition of signs in meaning-making is suggested to, at some points, meet the dilemma with psychologism in studies of children’s semiotic development. Starting from a phenomenological point of view in semiotics and integrating Piaget’s theory on cognitive development and meaning-making meet the study of subjectivity in intersubjectivity. On the one hand, the sign as a theoretical object is not reducible to any given psychological process or processes; on the other hand, sign meaning can only exist if there are beings (consciousnesses) capable of grasping and using signs.
本文讨论了 "儿童发展中的符号学发展 "这一概念,并强调了当符号学转变为认知符号学时,"心理主义 "的潜在问题。儿童发展中的符号学发展 "这一概念表明了一种跨学科方法,既涉及符号学(对意义和符号的一般研究),也涉及儿童心理学。然而,这招致了心理主义谬论的批评。皮亚杰在提出符号学功能是儿童认知发展中的一种综合能力的理论时,就意识到了这一困境。索内松(Sonesson)提出了 "符号在意义生成中的一般定义 "的建议,在某些方面解决了儿童符号学发展研究中的心理主义困境。从符号学的现象学角度出发,结合皮亚杰关于认知发展和意义生成的理论,在主体间性中研究主体性。一方面,作为理论对象的符号不能还原为任何特定的心理过程或过程;另一方面,只有存在能够把握和使用符号的存在物(意识),符号意义才能存在。
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引用次数: 0
Apple-and-pin drawings by blind novices show occluded features: region theory 盲人新手绘制的苹果和大头针图显示出被遮挡的特征:区域理论
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2024-2005
John M. Kennedy, Selene Carboni
Sighted children drawing an apple with a pin through it show the hidden parts of the pin. That is, not only is the pin shown running towards the apple and out the other side, it is also shown inside the apple, without a single break, and so the sketch depicts the occluded parts of the pin. Several investigators have offered theories of the observation. We report here on tangible raised-line drawings by young blind people who are novices at drawing. They also include occluded segments of the pin. To explain the drawings we use the John Willats region theory. In this account, enclosed regions represent the volumes of 3D objects. According to region theory, what is in the interior of an object should be shown in the drawing even if it cannot be seen or touched. As a result, since occluded parts of the pin are inside the apple, blind children, like sighted children, include them in their drawings. In region theory, for both the blind and the sighted, long lines on a 2D pictorial surface represent elongated objects in the scene and regions on the surface represent 3D objects and their contents. The basis of region theory may be that sensory information for pins and lines has high-frequency components, and for apples and regions has lower-frequency components.
视力正常的孩子在画一个苹果时,会把大头针穿过苹果的部分画出来。也就是说,图中不仅显示了大头针穿过苹果并从另一侧穿出的过程,而且还显示了大头针在苹果内部,没有任何断裂,因此素描描绘的是大头针被遮住的部分。有几位研究者对这一观察结果提出了理论。我们在此报告的是由初学绘画的年轻盲人绘制的有形凸线图。这些图画中也包括大头针被遮挡的部分。为了解释这些图画,我们使用了约翰-威拉茨区域理论。在这一理论中,封闭区域代表三维物体的体积。根据区域理论,物体内部的东西即使无法看到或触摸到,也应在图画中显示出来。因此,由于大头针被遮挡的部分就在苹果内部,盲童和视力正常的儿童一样,都会把它们画在图画中。在区域理论中,对于盲人和明眼人来说,二维图像表面上的长线代表场景中的细长物体,而表面上的区域则代表三维物体及其内容。区域理论的基础可能是,针和线的感觉信息具有高频成分,而苹果和区域的感觉信息具有低频成分。
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引用次数: 0
The cultural semiotics of Jingshen and cognitive homeostasis 甲申文化符号学与认知平衡
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2024-2003
Hongbing Yu
Sonesson’s vision of the diversity of meaning-generation coincides well with the purview of the cultural semiotics of Jingshen, in which semiotic inquiry is envisioned to improve mental capacity, the expansion of mental/cognitive space, and ultimately the liberation of human thinking. When embracing new epistemologies for cognitive semiotics, semiotic inquiry can work well as a form of art of thinking that has the potential to maintain “cognitive homeostasis”, the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium that can be maintained in the holistic flux of mind, vitality, and creativity. A plausible path to this equilibrium is through a balance between the left and right hemispheres, between analytical thinking and synthetic thinking. In this sense, what we are facing is essentially a problem of “ecology of cognition” or “ecological cognition”, that is, viewing cognition from an ecological perspective or considering cognition as a form of ecological activity. The focus of cognitive semiotics nowadays must transcend not only words or other external symbols, but even the traditional sense of “humanity” needs to be reconsidered.
索内松关于意义生成多样性的观点与景深文化符号学的观点不谋而合,后者认为符号学探究能够提高思维能力,拓展思维/认知空间,最终解放人类思维。在接受新的认知符号学认识论时,符号学探究可以很好地作为一种思维艺术,有可能保持 "认知平衡",即在思维、活力和创造力的整体流动中保持一种相对稳定的平衡趋势。通往这种平衡的一条可行之路就是在左半球和右半球之间,在分析思维和综合思维之间保持平衡。从这个意义上说,我们所面临的本质上是一个 "认知生态学 "或 "生态认知 "的问题,即从生态学的角度来看待认知,或将认知视为一种生态活动。当今认知符号学的关注点不仅要超越文字或其他外在符号,甚至连传统意义上的 "人性 "也需要重新思考。
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引用次数: 0
Dialogue and the “miracle of language”: the early and late Bakhtin 对话与 "语言的奇迹":早期和晚期的巴赫金
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2024-2008
A. Rédei
This essay begins with a brief account of the French linguistic structuralism and very briefly some aspects of the post-structuralist critique of it, here represented by Lacan and, Deleuze, and Guattari as a response to it. Against this backdrop, the purpose of the essay is to show a critique of structuralism that came earlier than the post-structuralist one, namely that of the Russian philosopher of the dialogic speech and literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin in the 1920s. The concept of the dialogical word has had a major influence in cultural semiotics, literary – and film studies and existential psychotherapy. A second purpose of this essay is to briefly show in what way the ethics of the dialogical word is important in the latter, in existential psychotherapeutic work. Translations from Swedish and French are mine.
本文首先简要介绍了法国的语言结构主义以及后结构主义对其批判的某些方面,拉康、德勒兹和瓜塔里是后结构主义对其批判的代表。在此背景下,本文旨在展示比后结构主义批判更早的结构主义批判,即 20 世纪 20 年代俄罗斯对话言语哲学家和文学家米哈伊尔-巴赫金的批判。对话语词的概念对文化符号学、文学和电影研究以及存在主义心理疗法产生了重大影响。本文的第二个目的是简要说明对话词语的伦理在后者,即存在主义心理治疗工作中的重要性。译自瑞典文和法文。
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引用次数: 0
The semiotic phenomenology of inverse alteroception 逆反心理的符号现象学
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2024-2010
Jamin Pelkey
Alteroception is the virtual experience of another person’s bodily movement centered in the perspective of the other person. In face-to-face interactions, human beings tend to assume a special mode of alteroception by mutually but tacitly recognizing that ‘your right is on my left and your left is on my right’. Researchers of neonatal cognition and early childhood development describe this mode of alteroception as “reverse” or “inverted”. Inverse alteroception goes beyond mirror-image mimesis to chiastic (crisscrossing) mimesis in acts of intersubjective sense-making; but the cognitive and cultural affordances of this inverse reciprocal ability are largely untreated in the literature. I argue that this unique aspect of human phenomenology deserves closer attention since it enables a broader palette of diagrammatic contrasts that extend far beyond face-to-face interaction. In this paper, I apply insights from Peircean and Greimasian semiotics to argue that salient features of the human lifeworld originate from imaginative mappings of inverse alteroception onto other domains. From diagrams of gesture space and contemporary visual design to the structures of the Proscenium stage, from historic heraldry to Aristotle’s logical square of oppositions and beyond, many visual/spatial designs and their reciprocal interaction with human experience are linked to this ability – an ability that owes its origins, in turn, to the evolution of upright posture.
他觉(alteroception)是以他人的视角为中心,对他人身体运动的虚拟体验。在面对面的互动中,人类往往会采取一种特殊的逆向感知模式,即相互默认 "你的右边在我的左边,你的左边在我的右边"。新生儿认知和儿童早期发展研究人员将这种改变知觉模式称为 "反向 "或 "倒置"。逆向反向感知超越了镜像拟态,而是在主体间感知行为中的纵横交错拟态;但这种逆向互惠能力在认知和文化方面的优势在文献中大多未得到论述。我认为,人类现象学的这一独特方面值得我们更密切地关注,因为它使图示对比的范围更广,远远超出了面对面的互动。在本文中,我运用皮尔斯符号学(Peircean semiotics)和格雷马斯符号学(Greimasian semiotics)的见解,论证了人类生活世界的显著特征源自于将反向感知映射到其他领域的想象力。从手势空间图和当代视觉设计到大舞台的结构,从历史上的纹章到亚里士多德的对立逻辑方阵等等,许多视觉/空间设计及其与人类经验的相互影响都与这种能力有关,而这种能力的起源又与直立姿势的进化有关。
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引用次数: 0
Facing objects of haecceity: advantages of Peirce’s categories 面对血缘对象:皮尔斯范畴的优势
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2024-2001
Donna E. West
This inquiry demonstrates Scotus’ and Peirce’s shift from representing haecceities as momentary objects in Secondness (depending heavily upon sensation), to the recognition that haecceities force their way into the awareness as mental objects. As such, both conclude that mental objects to be haecceities. Nonetheless, it is Peirce who more clearly determines that haecceities materialize as apparitions (cognitions) – incorporating physically absent places, objects, and moments. Peirce’s continuum, and his commitment to realism are responsible for considering apparitions to be haecceities. Both Peirce and Scotus contend that although haecceities are individual, they, nevertheless should be folded into the continuum. In line with the Scholastic record, Peirce defines haecceity as “thisness,” which encompasses the riveting effect of Objects (including places) – proximate to observers (inward and outward) space and/or time. Haecceities allow for intrusion of present objects and places upon interpreters’ consciousness – noticing properties of objects with some degree of awareness. This beckoning effect of objects in single, intense experiences accounts for selection of certain objects over others in the attentional stream. As such, context illuminates the core meaning within the sign (synchronic, diachronic) – demonstrating the need for Peirce’s continuum. But, Peirce’s continuum does not stop at present objects (mental, physical); it proposes the need for “concretion,” rather than Scotus’ adherence to “contraction.” In other words, the “all cannot be in the one” (as Scotus claims) if possible objects are not incorporated into the continuum. In short, Peirce’s “concretion” supplies a fuller account of object meaning, given that it integrates future objects and future meanings (would-bes).
这一探究表明,斯科图斯和皮尔斯从把 "物 "作为 "第二性 "中的瞬间对象(在很大程度上依赖于感觉),转变为承认 "物 "作为精神对象强行进入意识。因此,两人都认为精神客体是 "haecceities"。然而,皮尔斯更明确地断定,"本质 "是作为幻象(认知)具体化的--包含物理上不存在的地点、物体和时刻。皮尔斯的连续性和他对现实主义的承诺是他将幻象视为鬼魂的原因。皮尔斯和司各脱都认为,虽然 "幽灵 "是个别的,但它们应被纳入连续体。根据学者的记录,皮尔斯将 "此在性 "定义为 "thisness",它包括对象(包括地点)的铆接效果--接近观察者(向内和向外)的空间和/或时间。此在性允许当下的物体和地点侵入解释者的意识--以某种程度的意识注意到物体的属性。在单一、强烈的体验中,物体的这种召唤效应解释了在注意流中选择某些物体而不是其他物体的原因。因此,语境照亮了符号的核心意义(同步、异步)--这就证明了皮尔斯连续体的必要性。但是,皮尔斯的连续体并没有止步于当前的对象(心理的、物理的);它提出了 "具体化 "的必要性,而不是斯科图斯所坚持的 "收缩"。换句话说,如果不把可能的对象纳入连续体,"一切就不可能在一中"(如斯科塔斯所言)。简而言之,皮尔斯的 "具体化 "更全面地解释了对象意义,因为它整合了未来的对象和未来的意义(would-bes)。
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引用次数: 0
Morphogenesis of symbolic forms: a synthesizing formulation 符号形式的形态形成:一种综合表述方式
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2023-2009
Ian Verstegen
Abstract The publication of Wolfgang Wildgen’s Morphogenesis of Symbolic Forms: Meaning in Music, Art, Religion and Language is an opportune moment to reflect on the author’s extensive contributions to a dynamic semiotics, founded on catastrophe theory. Bringing together a number of investigations on a number of Cassirer-like “symbolic forms” like music, visual art, myth/religion and language, Wildgen provides an overarching system to weigh the semiotic resources of each of these bodies of knowledge as they contribute to the semiogenesis of the species. By comparing sensorial capacities, Wildgen helps us understand how and when a symbolic form can grow at all. Chapters devoted to each form explore their unique way of organizing knowledge. Using catastrophe primitives, Wildgen both bonds symbolic forms together while at the same time preserving Cassirer’s Enlightenment interest in evolution and the way in which new semiotic capacities grow and others can be discarded. The review ends with a consideration of the humanist’s misunderstanding of mathematical and natural science insights like Wildgen’s and explains how its rich results are to be utilized.
沃尔夫冈·怀尔德根的《符号形式的形态发生:音乐、艺术、宗教和语言中的意义》一书的出版,是一个反思作者以突变理论为基础的动态符号学的广泛贡献的好时机。通过对卡西尔式的“符号形式”(如音乐、视觉艺术、神话/宗教和语言)的大量研究,Wildgen提供了一个总体系统来衡量这些知识体系的符号资源,因为它们对物种的符号发生做出了贡献。通过比较感官能力,怀尔德根帮助我们理解符号形式是如何以及何时生长的。章节致力于每一种形式探索其独特的方式组织知识。使用灾难原语,怀尔德根将符号形式结合在一起,同时保留了卡西尔对进化的启蒙兴趣,以及新的符号能力增长和其他能力可以被丢弃的方式。这篇评论最后考虑了这位人文主义者对怀尔德根等数学和自然科学见解的误解,并解释了如何利用其丰富的成果。
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引用次数: 0
Metacognition and diagrams in marking-for-self 自我批改中的元认知和图表
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2023-2008
Henrique T. D. Perissinotto, João Queiroz
Abstract Metacognition relies on representations, which are commonly viewed as internal knowledge structures. We explore the idea that external embodied diagrams, rather than monomodal symbolic-based entities, can provide an accurate description of metacognition in choreographic dance. When marking, dancers use their bodies to represent properties, dynamics, or structures of dance phrases. Marking-for-self occurs when a dancer marks the dance in their own unique manner, potentially allowing for real-time reflection through the manipulation of external signs. These manipulations can be considered diagrammatic semiosis, as diagrams signify shared relational parts analogous to the parts of their objects. Based on Peirce’s semiotics, we argue that semiosis is crucial for metacognition. This paper is structured to first review marking and marking-for-self, followed by an overview of metacognition. We then define marking-for-self as a metacognitive phenomenon and introduce Peirce’s concept of semiosis and diagrams. Finally, we describe marking as a diagrammatic sign and explain how marking-for-self is an embodied metacognitive process achieved through the manipulation of diagrammatic structures.
摘要 元认知依赖于表征,而表征通常被视为内部知识结构。我们探讨的观点是,外部体现的图表,而不是基于单模态符号的实体,能够准确描述舞蹈编排中的元认知。在标记时,舞者用他们的身体来表示舞蹈乐句的属性、动态或结构。当舞者以自己独特的方式标记舞蹈时,就出现了 "为自己标记 "的情况,这有可能通过对外部符号的操作进行实时反思。这些操作可被视为图解符号学,因为图解标志着与其对象部分类似的共享关系部分。基于皮尔斯的符号学,我们认为符号学对于元认知至关重要。本文首先回顾了标记和自我标记,然后概述了元认知。然后,我们将 "为自己做标记 "定义为一种元认知现象,并介绍了皮尔斯的符号学和图表概念。最后,我们将标记描述为一种图示符号,并解释了 "为自己标记 "是如何通过对图示结构的操作来实现的一种体现性元认知过程。
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引用次数: 0
Peirce’s philosophy of notations and the trade-offs in comparing numeral symbol systems 皮尔斯的符号哲学和比较数字符号系统时的取舍
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/cogsem-2023-2007
F. Stjernfelt, Markus Pantsar
Abstract In this paper, we connect two research directions concerning numeral symbol systems and their epistemological significance. The first direction concerns the cognitive processes involved in acquiring and applying different numeral symbols, e.g. the Indo-Arabic or Roman numeral systems. The second direction is a semiotic one, with focus on Charles Peirce’s Philosophy of Notation. Peirce’s work on logical formalism is well known, but he also wrote extensively on numeral systems. Here we take Peirce’s considerations on central notions like iconicity and simplicity and examine their relevance for comparing different numeral symbol systems. We argue that simplicity and iconicity, for example, cannot be understood as single notions. Instead, they should be connected to different aims of numeral symbols that different systems fulfill to different degrees. Consequently, we focus on the kind of trade-offs that different symbol systems imply in acquiring and applying numeral symbol systems.
摘要 在本文中,我们将有关数字符号系统及其认识论意义的两个研究方向联系起来。第一个方向涉及获取和应用不同数字符号(如印度-阿拉伯数字或罗马数字系统)的认知过程。第二个方向是符号学,重点是查尔斯-皮尔斯的符号哲学。皮尔斯在逻辑形式主义方面的研究广为人知,但他在数字系统方面也有大量著述。在此,我们从皮尔斯对标志性和简洁性等核心概念的思考出发,研究它们与比较不同数字符号系统的相关性。例如,我们认为简单性和标志性不能被理解为单一的概念。相反,它们应与数字符号的不同目标相联系,而不同的数字符号系统在不同程度上实现了这些目标。因此,我们将重点放在不同符号系统在获取和应用数字符号系统时的取舍上。
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引用次数: 0
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Cognitive Semiotics
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