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O frazematyce w Słowniku warmińskim Wiktora Steffena 关于斯特芬《瓦米安词典》中的短语学
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.34.13
Agnieszka Wełpa-Siudek
ON PHRASEMATICS IN WIKTOR STEFFEN’S SŁOWNIK WARMIŃSKI The aim of the article is describing and analysing phrasematics from Słownik warmiński. There are over two hundreds phrasemes and most of them are placed in quotes or in the author’s comments. The Author described the collected material using Lewicki’s phraseological division into types, including proverbs (e. g. Skumpi dubel traci) and showed sample phrasemes belonging to the thematic fields such as poverty and health, stupidity and wisdom, features of character, drinking alcohol, and violence. The last part of the article concerns the phenomenon of variance in dialects and it shows that a dialect can express the same thing in many different ways (eg. dressing up yourself or someone else excessively).
本文的目的是描述和分析来自Słownik warmiński的短语学。有超过200个短语,其中大部分都放在引号或作者的评论中。提交人使用Lewicki的短语分类来描述收集到的材料,包括谚语(例如Skumpi dubel traci),并展示了属于诸如贫穷与健康、愚蠢与智慧、性格特征、饮酒和暴力等主题领域的样本短语。文章的最后一部分涉及方言差异现象,它表明方言可以用许多不同的方式表达同一事物。过度打扮自己或他人)。
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引用次数: 0
Polisemia systematyczna i współpredykacja
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.34.03
Anna Czelakowska
SYSTEMATIC POLYSEMY AND CO-PREDICATION The author of the article discusses the polysemy of nouns, distinguishing polysemy motivated by metonymy (called here derivative polysemy), and so-called logical polysemy in which the meanings are so strictly related to each other that one has to perceive them as a part of a complex meaning or a global notional unit. The author discusses the concepts of J. Pustejovsky and A. Cruse, focusing on the polysemy of units meaning institutions. In order to analyse them, the author of the article uses the co-predication test aiming at checking language ambiguity. In the conclusion, she attempts to explain the fortuitousness of the co-predication test in the indicated group of units, changed as compared to the discussed theoretical approaches. Various readings of the words in question are treated as aspects of the general notional structure of one lexical unit (quasi-polysemic aspects) that are more or less linguistically fixed and depend of one’s knowledge of the world which enables combined conceptualization of all the aspects.
系统的一词多义与共同谓词本文的作者讨论了名词的一词多义,区分了由转喻引起的一词多义(这里称为衍生一词多义)和所谓的逻辑一词多义,在逻辑一词多义中,词义之间的关系非常严格,以至于人们不得不将它们视为一个复杂意义的一部分或一个整体的概念单位。本文讨论了普斯捷约夫斯基和克鲁斯的概念,重点讨论了单位意义制度的一词多义。为了对其进行分析,作者使用了共同预测测试来检查语言歧义。在结论中,她试图解释共同预测测试在指定单位组中的偶然性,与讨论的理论方法相比发生了变化。对所讨论的单词的各种阅读被视为一个词汇单位的一般概念结构的各个方面(准多义词方面),这些方面或多或少在语言上是固定的,并依赖于人们对世界的认识,从而能够将所有方面结合起来概念化。
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引用次数: 0
Myśliwski i Wittgenstein. Dwa traktaty o granicach języka 亨特和维特根斯坦。关于语言边界的两项条约
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.34.02
Andrzej Kominek
MYŚLIWSKI AND WITTGENSTEIN: TWO TREATISES ON THE LIMITS OF LANGUAGE Limit is the key notion in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, and it was expressed in the aphorism that is probably the best-known quotation from the treatise: „The limits of my language mean the limits of my world” (5.6). The subject of the article is comparative analysis of this notion in the presentation of the Austrian philosopher L. Wittgenstein, and of the Polish novelist, Wiesław Myśliwski. Wittgenstein believes that language only refers to the real world, and what is beyond it (e.g. religion, God or ethics) is inexpressible. For Myśliwski everything is expressible in language (he himself says nothing about it). It is because literature is a limitless creator of language and the world.
我和维特根斯坦:对语言极限的两种处理是路德维希·维特根斯坦《逻辑哲学论》的核心概念,这句格言可能是这篇论文中最著名的一句话:“我的语言的极限意味着我的世界的极限”(5.6)。文章的主题是奥地利哲学家维特根斯坦和波兰小说家维斯瓦夫·米希利夫斯基对这一概念的比较分析。维特根斯坦认为,语言只是指现实世界,而超越它的东西(如宗教、上帝或伦理)是无法表达的。对我来说,一切都可以用语言表达(他自己对此只字未提)。这是因为文学是语言和世界的无限创造者。
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引用次数: 0
Lucjan Malinowski jako historyk języka
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.34.17
Bogusław Dunaj, Mirosława Mycawka
LUCJAN MALINOWSKI AS A HISTORIAN OF LANGUAGE The main merit of Lucjan Malinowski is the initiation of scientific linguistics in Kraków. His research was related to dialectology and history of Polish language. The authors of the article discussed his historical and linguistic analyses. They referred to: a) publishing Old-Polish texts; b) publishing materials excerpted from the old texts; c) collecting materials for the dictionary of the Old-Polish language; d) lexicographic studies; e) language of writers.
语言史家LUCJAN MALINOWSKI的主要功绩是在克拉科夫开创了科学语言学。他的研究涉及波兰语的方言学和历史。这篇文章的作者讨论了他的历史和语言学分析。他们提到:a)出版古波兰语文本;b) 出版从旧文本中摘录的材料;c) 为《古波兰语词典》收集资料;d) 词典学研究;e) 作家的语言。
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引用次数: 0
Anotacja gramatyczna tekstu staropolskiego – problemy i wyzwania
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.34.11
Aleksandra Deskur, Ewa Nowak-Pasterska, Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska, W. Stelmach, Magdalena Wismont, Kinga Zalejarz, Olga Ziółkowska
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引用次数: 0
Językowy obraz demokracji w polszczyźnie 波兰语民主的语言形象
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.34.07
Monika Grzeszczak
THE LINGUISTIC IMAGE OF DEMOCRACY IN POLISH LANGUAGE The article attempts to reconstruct the linguistic image of DEMOCRACY in Polish language in accordance with the methodological assumptions of the “Lublin school of cognitive ethnolinguistics”. The material for analysis has been excerpted from three types of sources: dictionaries, surveys and texts. First, a set of fundamental defining features (“basic features”) of the concept of DEMOCRACY has been established, which focused on four aspects: political, social, ethical and economic. Second, using the operation of profiling, the author of the article outlined which sets of features are ascribed to DEMOCRACY in various types of Polish public discourse. Particular attention has been given to the following (basic) features of the analysed concept: power/majority rule, freedom, equality, tolerance and pluralism.
波兰语中民主的语言形象本文试图根据“卢布林认知民族语言学学派”的方法论假设,重建波兰语的民主语言形象。分析材料摘录自三种来源:词典、调查和文本。首先,确立了民主概念的一系列基本特征,主要集中在政治、社会、伦理和经济四个方面。其次,文章作者运用剖析的操作,概述了在波兰各种类型的公共话语中,民主具有哪些特征。特别注意到所分析概念的以下(基本)特征:权力/多数统治、自由、平等、宽容和多元化。
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引用次数: 0
Osobiście w zdaniu i w strukturze tematyczno-rematycznej wypowiedzenia
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.07
Magdalena Danielewiczowa
UNITS WITH THE FORM OSOBIŚCIE IN SENTENCES AND IN THE THEMATIC-RHEMATIC STRUCTURE OF UTTERANCESThe author of this article claims that in Polish there are three independent language units containing the form osobiście. They differ both functionally and formally. Only one of these units (osobiście1 ‘in a personal manner’) is an ordinary adverb operating on the syntactic level, that is, entering into syntactic and semantic relations with other components of a given sentence. The other two units are operators of the thematic-rhematic structure. They organize the content of utterances they participate in and comment on it. Osobiście2 (‘personally’) is inherently thematic; it can function as the main theme of a given utterance or stands next to the theme making this element easier to identify. The unit osobiście3 (‘in person’) is, in turn, primarily rhematic or precedes the rheme as its thematized exponent. Osobiście2 and osobiście3 are two types of dictum, on the one hand – thematic comment and on the other – rhematic. These expressions have much in common with the units of the form sam. Besides osobiście1, osobiście2 and osobiście3, there is also in Polish the idiom znać / poznać [kogoś] osobiście ‘know / get to know someone personally’.
在句子和话语的主位-修辞结构中具有OSOBIŚCIE形式的单位本文的作者声称,在波兰语中有三个独立的语言单位包含osobiście形式。它们在功能和形式上都不同。这些单位中只有一个(osobiście1 ' ina personal manner ')是在句法层面上运作的普通副词,也就是说,它与给定句子的其他成分形成句法和语义关系。另外两个单元是主述结构的操作符。他们组织自己参与的话语内容,并对其进行评论。Osobiście2(“个人”)本质上是主题;它可以作为一个给定话语的主题,或者站在主题旁边,使这个元素更容易识别。反过来,单位osobiście3 (' in person ')主要是述格,或者作为其主题指数在述格之前。Osobiście2和osobiście3是两种类型的格言,一方面是主题评论,另一方面是修辞评论。这些表达与形式sam的单位有很多共同之处。除了osobiście1、osobiście2和osobiście3,波兰语中还有一个习语znaki / poznaki [kogoka] osobiście,意思是“认识/认识某人”。
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引用次数: 0
New speakers versus old speakers. O akwizycji języka niemieckiego dwóch pokoleń na Mazurach
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.17
Anna Jorroch
NEW SPEAKERS VERSUS OLD SPEAKERS: ABOUT GERMAN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN TWO GENERATIONS IN MASURIAThis article presents part of the results of a field study carried out in Masuria in Summer 2018, in the framework of the international Beethoven 2 project: “Generational language differentiation: morphosyntactic changes resulting from Polish-German language contact in the speech of bilingual persons” financed by Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre), project no. 2016/23/G/HS2/04369, affiliated with the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Science. The author focuses on two different linguistic situations connected with acquisition of German language by new speakers, or adults who learn a language during organized educational classes, in relation to old speakers, or those who learnt the language in their childhood, in the context of their homes or families. The members of both groups were born in Masuria, which was part of East Prussia before World War II, and was incorporated into Poland after 1945. The language change in that territory has had an important effect on the acquisition process of the Polish and the German languages, and on the language biographies of the speakers. However, the notion of generation included in the title of this paper does not necessarily have to refer to changes in the diachronic approach, but can also address synchronically occurring conditions, as both old and new speakers can be representatives of various generations of the same family or members of the same community and of similar age. 
新说话者与老说话者:关于马苏里亚两代人的德语习得本文介绍了2018年夏天在马苏里亚进行的一项实地研究的部分结果,在国际贝多芬2号项目的框架内:“代际语言分化:双语者言语中波德语言接触引起的形态句法变化”,由波兰科学院斯拉夫研究所资助,项目编号2016/23/G/H2/04369。作者重点研究了两种不同的语言情况,这两种情况与新讲德语的人或在有组织的教育课程中学习德语的成年人,与老讲德语者或在童年时在家中或家庭中学习该语言的人有关。这两个团体的成员都出生在马苏里亚,二战前马苏里亚是东普鲁士的一部分,1945年后并入波兰。该地区的语言变化对波兰语和德语的习得过程以及使用者的语言传记产生了重要影响。然而,本文标题中包含的世代概念不一定是指历时方法的变化,也可以涉及共时发生的条件,因为新老演讲者都可以是同一家庭的不同世代的代表,或者是同一社区的成员,年龄相似。
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引用次数: 0
Nie tylko Bulla gnieźnieńska. O znaczeniu dokumentu fundacyjnego Zbyluta (1153) dla polskich badań historycznojęzykowych 不仅仅是巢牛。兹比路特基础文献(1153)对波兰历史语言学研究的重要性
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.10
M. Kuźmicki, T. Mika
NOT ONLY BULLA GNIEŹNIEŃSKA: ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ZBYLUT’S FOUNDATION DOCUMENT (ISSUED IN 1153) FOR POLISH HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC RESEARCH: PART 2: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VERSIONS OF THE DOCUMENTThis article is the second part of a series. The purpose of the first part was to introduce the Zbylut’s document (its original and copies) into the Polish historical-linguistic research, to verify and supplement the existing transliterations, to show the document as an object of studies, and to select historical information that may prove to be important from the historical-linguistic perspective. The foundation document issued in 1153 by knight Zbylut for the Cistercians in Łekno, called the Zbylut’s document, may be of value to historians of language for at least three reasons: first, it contains onomastic material from the mid-12th century; second, it is available in several versions (including two parallel originals from the mid-12th century and one copy from the end of the same century), which are fully legible and perfectly preserved; and third, it has been carefully studied by a few generations of historians. The results of their research constitute an invaluable and basic context for linguistic analyses. However, the issue of the number of writing hands and the relationship between different versions of the document, which is very important for linguistic research, could not be resolved unequivocally. Until now, it has usually been assumed that the three documents were written by two or three different hands. 
不仅仅是BULLA GNIEŹNIEŃSKA:关于ZBYLUT的基础文件(1153年发布)对波兰历史和语言学研究的重要性:第2部分:文件版本之间的关系本文是系列文章的第二部分。第一部分的目的是将Zbylut的文献(原件和复印件)引入波兰历史语言学研究,对现有的音译进行验证和补充,将该文献作为研究对象,并从历史语言学的角度选择可能被证明是重要的历史信息。1153年,骑士Zbylut在埃克诺为西多会教徒发布的基础文件,称为Zbylut's document,对语言历史学家来说可能有价值,至少有三个原因:首先,它包含了12世纪中期的经济学材料;第二,它有几个版本(包括两个12世纪中期的平行原件和一个同世纪末的副本),字迹清晰,保存完好;第三,它被几代历史学家仔细研究过。他们的研究结果为语言学分析提供了宝贵的基本背景。然而,对于语言学研究来说非常重要的书写手的数量和不同版本文件之间的关系问题并不能得到明确的解决。到目前为止,人们通常认为这三份文件是由两三个不同的人写的。
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引用次数: 0
Motywacja i sposoby nominacji wybranych oronimów rejonu Czerwonych Wierchów w polskiej części Tatr Zachodnich 西鞑靼语波兰语部分红山地区命名的动机和方法
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.14
Agnieszka Jurczyńska-Kłosok
MOTIVATION AND METHODS OF SELECTING NAMES FOR CHOSEN ORONYMS OF THE CZERWONE WIERCHY AREA IN THE POLISH PART OF THE WESTERN TATRA MOUNTAINSThe purpose of this article is to show various ways of expressing the reality which is characteristic of people who have given names of places in the mentioned area. In this article, the attempt was made to reach to the motivational meaning of 207 oronyms from the Czerwone Wierchy area which is located in the Polish part of the Western Tatra Mountains. These names origin from two detailed mountain guides of the Czerwone Wierchy area and they have been assigned to two different groups. The first group is made up of names that have been formed during the onimization process, and the second – of names that have been formed during the transonimization process. Within these groups further subcategories have been distinguished. In this article multipart names were highlighted. They are characterized by complex motivation. The study showed that a large part of the collected names is a group of oronyms, which have been formed during the onimization process with a part of them that origin from other toponyms (77 oronyms). They are localized names and they show a practical approach to the reality. It can be concluded that this feature caused a high popularity of this naming model. In this article, attention has been paid to the necessity of conducting the socio-onomastics survey.
为波兰西部泰特拉山脉的捷克维尔希地区所选的反义词命名的动机和方法本文的目的是展示表达现实的各种方式,这是人们在提到的地区给地方命名的特点。在本文中,试图达到来自位于西塔特拉山脉波兰部分的Czerwone Wierchy地区的207个词的动机意义。这些名字来源于两个详细的Czerwone Wierchy地区的山地指南,它们被分配到两个不同的群体。第一组由在异音化过程中形成的名称组成,第二组由在反异音化过程中形成的名称组成。在这些组中又划分出进一步的子类别。在本文中,突出显示了多个部分的名称。他们的特点是动机复杂。研究表明,收集到的地名中有很大一部分是在同化过程中形成的一组反义词,其中一部分来源于其他地名(77个反义词)。它们是本地化的名称,它们展示了一种对现实的实用方法。可以得出结论,这个特性导致了这个命名模型的高度流行。本文着重论述了开展社会经济学调查的必要性。
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