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Rzeczownikowe formacje z pół- w ujęciu historycznym (na materiale słownikowym) 半历史名词构成(基于词典材料)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.09
Tomasz Kurdyła
NOMINAL FORMATIONS WITH PÓŁ- IN THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (BASED ON LEXICAL MATERIAL)This article is dedicated to derivatives with the pół- unit that appears in general Polish. Such derivatives have already been the subject of researchers of Polish. In this text the author focused on two aspects: the morphological status of those derivatives and their historical development from the eldest times (the Old Polish period) until now. Contrary to appearances, not all derivatives with pół- are compounds. The analysis of their lexical and word-formation meanings leads one to the conclusion that many of them are simple derivatives in which the meaning of the pół- unit is far from the basic meaning, which is why it should be treated as a unit with the function of a prefix formant. Those formant meanings of pół- are of modification (more often) or mutation (more rarely) nature. The historical development of those derivatives is presented on the basis of lexical material. The derivatives have been functioning since the Old Polish times, but they have been changing both in terms of quality and quantity. SStp includes only 37 formations with pół-, but more and more of them appeared in later centuries. The highest increase in their number is noted in SW (almost a half of a thousand derivatives), after which their number has decreased (in SWJP there are 121 of them). Until now this has been a living and productive word-formation type. Three most important kinds of those formations have been distinguished in the historical perspective: 1) compounds with pół- meaning ‘a half’, which are relatively numerous and stable throughout the whole developmental period; 2) small categories (e.g. ‘one of two’, ‘the middle’, ‘a kind’), which are created by a small number of derivatives, but constitute their stem in that they are static in terms of quantity; 3) large and, at the same time, static categories, which are changing over time, i.e. they either significantly grow in number (‘not really’) or significantly decrease the number (‘a half with reference to measurements’ and exocentric compounds).
从历史的角度来看,PóŁ的名义形式(基于词法材料)本文致力于研究在一般波兰语中出现的Pó322;单位的导数。这类衍生物已经成为波兰语研究人员的主题。本文着重从两个方面论述了这些衍生物的形态地位及其从最古老的时代(古波兰时期)到现在的历史发展。与表面相反,并不是所有具有pół-的衍生物都是化合物。通过对它们的词汇和造词意义的分析,我们可以得出这样的结论:它们中的许多都是简单的派生词,其中pół-单元的含义与基本含义相去甚远,这就是为什么它应该被视为具有前缀共振峰功能的单元。pół-的共振峰含义具有修饰(更常见)或突变(更罕见)的性质。这些派生词的历史发展是在词汇材料的基础上呈现的。自旧波兰时代以来,衍生品一直在发挥作用,但它们在质量和数量上都在发生变化。SStp只包括37个带有pół-的编队,但在后来的几个世纪里出现了越来越多的编队。它们数量增加最多的是SW(几乎是1000个衍生物中的一半),之后它们的数量减少了(在SWJP中有121个)。到目前为止,这一直是一种活跃而富有成效的造词类型。从历史的角度来看,这些地层中有三种最重要的类型:1)pół的化合物,意思是“一半”,在整个发展时期相对较多且稳定;2) 小类别(例如“二选一”、“中间”、“一种”),由少量衍生物创造,但在数量上是静态的,因此构成了它们的主干;3) 大的,同时也是静态的类别,它们随着时间的推移而变化,即它们要么数量显著增加(“不是真的”),要么数量显著减少(“相对于测量值的一半”和外中心化合物)。
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引用次数: 0
„Ratuję od zupełnego unicestwienia ślady naszej przeszłości, które zacierają się, nikną z dniem każdym” “我把我们过去的痕迹从彻底的毁灭中拯救出来,这些痕迹一天天地消失”
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.15
Katarzyna Konczewska
“I AM SAVING THE REMAINS OF OUR PAST, WHICH FADE AND DISAPPEAR WITH EACH PASSING DAY, FROM COMPLETE DESTRUCTION”: VANDALIN SHUKEVICH’S MANUSCRIPTS AS A NOVEL SOURCE FOR THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE CONTACTS AT THE BALTO-SLAVIC BORDERLANDThe paper is a pilot publication of a project on language contacts in a poorly studied area of the Baltic-Slavic border. The author presents the specifics of the egodocuments of Vandalin Shukevich (1852–1919), an autodidact scientist from the Nacha of the Lida district. The egodocuments were identified in the national historical archive of the Republic of Lithuania in 2021. The author presents their research potential in the study of linguistic contacts in the peripheral dialectal area of the Balto-Slavic border. She proves that the analysis of the dialectal material extracted from the manuscripts will introduce new knowledge about historical multilingualism, the Balto-Slavic language contacts, the development of local dialects, the state of the north-eastern Polish language at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and about the history of the Polish science. The results of the analysis will also be relevant for the present, introducing novel data on geolects and the dynamics of the development of cross-border language contacts in the poorly studied area of the Balto-Slavic borderland.
“我正在保存我们过去的遗迹,这些遗迹随着时间的推移而消失和消失,使其免遭彻底的破坏”:VANDALIN SHUKEVICH的手稿作为研究波罗的海-斯拉夫边境语言接触的新来源该论文是一个关于波罗的海斯拉夫边境一个研究不足地区语言接触项目的试点出版物。作者介绍了Vandalin Shukevich(1852-1919)的自我文件的细节,他是一位来自利达区纳查的自学成才的科学家。这些电子文档于2021年在立陶宛共和国国家历史档案馆中被确认。作者介绍了他们在研究巴尔托-斯拉夫边界周边方言区语言接触方面的研究潜力。她证明,对手稿中提取的方言材料的分析将引入关于历史多语制、巴尔托斯拉夫语言接触、当地方言的发展、19世纪和20世纪之交波兰东北部语言的状况以及波兰科学史的新知识。分析结果也将与目前有关,介绍了巴尔托-斯拉夫边境研究不足地区的地理选择和跨境语言接触发展动态的新数据。
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引用次数: 0
No nie mów! Słownik pragmatemów?! Rozważania nad leksykograficznym opisem wyrażeń pragmatycznych w ujęciu kontrastywnym (na przykładzie polskich ekwiwalentów francuskiego pragmatemu Tu m’en diras tant!)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.08
Michał Hrabia
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE LEXICOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF PRAGMATEMES IN A CONTRASTIVE APPROACH (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLISH EQUIVALENTS OF THE FRENCH PRAGMATEME TU M’EN DIRAS TANT!)This article deals with the lexicographic description of pragmatemes in a contrastive approach. In the first part, the author briefly reviews definitions of the denomination “pragmateme” in Polish and French-language linguistic literature, finally opting for a prototypical understanding of this term. The following chapters are devoted to presenting the concept of the projected multilingual dictionary of pragmatemes. Having outlined the main principles of the dictionary’s macro- and microstructure, the author proceeds to a detailed discussion of the dictionary entries for two Polish equivalents of the French pragmatic formula Tu m’en diras tant!: Co ty nie powiesz! and No nie mów!.
用对比方法对语用词的词典描述的考虑(基于法语语用词tu m 'en diras tant的波兰语对等词的例子)本文用对比的方法讨论了语用词的词典描述。在第一部分中,作者简要回顾了波兰语和法语语言文献中“语用主”一词的定义,最后选择了对这一术语的一个原型理解。下面的章节致力于提出多语言语用词词典的概念。在概述了词典宏观和微观结构的主要原则之后,作者继续详细讨论法语语用公式Tu m 'en diras tant的两个波兰语对应的词典条目!施展你的力量!和不聂mów!
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引用次数: 0
Wpływ wieku i płci na realizację samogłosek [i], [y] w gwarze Mazowsza bliższego 年龄和性别对马佐维方言元音[i]、[y]实现的影响
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.11
Justyna Garczyńska
AGE AND GENDER EFFECT IN PHONETIC PRODUCTION OF [I], [Y] IN THE NEAR MAZOVIA DIALECTIn the present study, acoustic measures of first and second formant frequencies of [i], [y] in the contexts of hard consonants were obtained from spontaneous texts produced by 18 talkers representing both genders and living in the Near Mazovia. The differences between [i], [y] and the effect of gender and age on F1, F2 of these vowels were examined. The influence of standard Polish on [i], [y] was also described. It was found that none of the respondents identify [i], [y], both the age and gender have an effect on F1, F2 [i], [y], and the changes in F1, F2 of the vowel [y] in the group of men are the result of influences of standard Polish. New tendencies were also noticed – fronting of [i] in the middle and younger generation of men and women, and backing of [y] in the middle and younger generation of women.
近马佐维亚方言中[I],[Y]的语音产生中的年龄和性别效应在本研究中,从18名居住在近马佐维亚的男女说话者产生的自发文本中获得了硬辅音背景下[I],[I]的第一和第二共振峰频率的声学测量。研究了[i]、[y]之间的差异以及性别和年龄对这些元音的F1、F2的影响。还描述了标准波兰语对[i],[y]的影响。研究发现,没有一个受访者认同[i],[y],年龄和性别都对F1,F2[i],[i]有影响,而男性群体中元音[y]的F1,F2变化是标准波兰语影响的结果。新的趋势也被注意到——在中年轻一代的男性和女性中领先[i],在中青年一代的女性中支持[y]。
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引用次数: 0
Pamięć o Żydach w wielkich słownikach języka polskiego. Rekonesans
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.06
Wojciech Chlebda
REMEMBRANCE OF JEWS IN THE GREAT DICTIONARIES OF THE POLISH LANGUAGE: RECONNAISSANCE: PART 1Nine centuries of Polish-Jewish contacts in all spheres of life left a mark in Polish. The author of the article decided to check how significant and how durable this trace is, looking in the great dictionaries of the Polish language for units considered as carriers of memory of Jews. The author asks the question which prejudges the fact that a certain unit of language can be considered as a carrier of the memory of Jews and wonders in which linguistic forms this Jewish element can be manifested in dictionaries. The initial analysis included 240 carriers of memory (“verbal judaics”), sampled from journals, memoir literature and tourist guides edited after 2000, as well as two dictionaries intended for the mass audience: the Dictionary of Polish edited by M. Szymczak and Another Dictionary of Polish edited by M. Bańko. It turned out that these dictionaries recorded only 25% of the collected corps of verbal judaics, often depriving the definitions of these units of the Jewish component. The author reflects on the social consequences of this state of affairs and its relationship with the “collective narcissism” of the Polish society, and on the historical policy pursued by the Polish state.
波兰语大词典中犹太人的记忆:重新审视:第1部分几个世纪以来,波兰犹太人在生活各个领域的接触在波兰语中留下了印记。这篇文章的作者决定在波兰语的大词典中寻找被认为是犹太人记忆载体的单位,以检查这一痕迹的重要性和持久性。作者提出的问题预先判断了某一语言单元可以被视为犹太人记忆的载体这一事实,并想知道这种犹太元素可以在词典中以何种语言形式表现出来。最初的分析包括240种记忆载体(“口头犹太语”),这些载体取自2000年后编辑的期刊、回忆录文学和导游,以及两本面向大众的词典:M.Szymczak编辑的《波兰语词典》和M.Bańko编辑的《另一本波兰语字典》。事实证明,这些词典只记录了收集到的口头犹太语的25%,往往剥夺了这些单位的犹太成分的定义。作者反思了这种状况的社会后果及其与波兰社会“集体自恋”的关系,以及波兰国家推行的历史政策。
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引用次数: 0
W stronę frazeologii percepcyjnej 走向感性措辞
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.03
Michał Głuszkowski, Magdalena Grupa-Dolińska, Aleksandra Miaskowska
TOWARDS PERCEPTUAL PHRASEOLOGY: TESTING THE KNOWLEDGE AND ASSESSMENT OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS BY STUDENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIESThe authors discuss the most important assumptions of the research project on the knowledge, reception and practical application of phraseology by representatives of various social groups of nativespeakers, as well as the results of the first stage of the research carried out among students of humanities and social sciences. The notion of “perceptual phraseology” is treated as a part of perceptual linguistics which examines how the attitudes of language users and their perception of various forms as correct or incorrect affect their language behaviour. The aim of the project is to examine: a) the perception, knowledge and ability to assess the compliance of phraseologies with the dictionary norm; b) the ability to use them in specified social situations; c) social variables determining the level of knowledge of the phraseology of the Polish language by educated social classes. In addition to the results of the analyses in the collective and individual dimension, the results of the verification of preliminary hypotheses and conclusions for the subsequent stages of the research were presented, during which focus interviews will be conducted, and other social and professional groups will also be included.
走向感知PHRASEOLOGY:社会科学和人文科学学生对PHRASEOLOGICAL单元的知识和评估测试作者讨论了研究项目中关于本土人的各种社会群体的代表对短语的知识、接受和实际应用的最重要假设,以及在人文和社会科学学生中进行的第一阶段研究的结果。“感知措辞学”的概念被视为感知语言学的一部分,它研究语言使用者的态度以及他们对各种形式的正确或不正确的看法如何影响他们的语言行为。该项目的目的是审查:a)评估措辞是否符合词典规范的看法、知识和能力;b) 在特定的社会环境中使用它们的能力;c) 社会变量决定了受过教育的社会阶层对波兰语短语的了解程度。除了集体和个人层面的分析结果外,还介绍了对研究后续阶段的初步假设和结论的验证结果,在此期间将进行重点访谈,其他社会和专业群体也将参与其中。
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引用次数: 0
Profesor Janusz Strutyński (1932–2021). Wspomnienie Janusz Strutyński教授(1932–2021)。记忆力
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.02
Małgorzata Pachowicz
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引用次数: 0
Czy (i jak) warto jeszcze badać staropolskie latynizmy i grecyzmy? 它是否(以及如何)仍然值得研究古波兰拉丁裔和希腊主义?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.18
J. German
IS IT STILL WORTH RESEARCHING GREEK AND LATIN LOANWORDS IN OLD POLISH? (AND HOW SHOULD WE DO IT?)The paper focuses on Greek and Latin loanwords in Old Polish language. It attempts to show what has already been done and what still needs to be done in this important issue. Three main aspects are discussed: (1) definitions of the terms loanword, Latinism, Hellenism, and the problem of direct and indirect borrowing; (2) the current state of investigation of Greek and Latin loanwords in Old Polish; (3) the Old Polish Christian terminology – the problem of chronology and borrowing channels of Greek and Latin Christian words to Old Polish. The final part of the paper contains a brief research history i.e. it describes the most important works in chronological order.
古波兰语中的希腊语和拉丁语借词还值得研究吗?(我们应该怎么做?)本文主要研究古波兰语中的希腊语和拉丁语借词。它试图展示在这个重要问题上已经做了什么,还需要做什么。主要从三个方面进行了讨论:(1)外来词、拉丁语、希腊语的定义,以及直接和间接借用问题;(2) 古波兰语中希腊语和拉丁语借词的研究现状;(3) 古波兰基督教术语——希腊语和拉丁语基督教词汇向古波兰语的年表和借用渠道问题。论文的最后部分包含了一个简短的研究历史,即按时间顺序描述了最重要的作品。
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引用次数: 0
Sakralne i ludyczne symbole szczygła w języku i kulturze 语言和文化顶峰的神圣和民间象征
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.12
Ewa Masłowska
SACRED AND LUDIC SYMBOLS OF A GOLDFINCH IN LANGUAGE AND CULTUREThe article is dedicated to symbolic representations of szczygieł (a goldfinch) in Polish language and culture, taking into account the European cultural background. The author presents the process of symbolization of the sacred and ludic profile of a goldfinch as a representative of avifauna based on linguistic data (etymology, phrasematics), text data (literature and folklore), as well as on iconography. References to Western European painting made it possible for the author to present the multiple layers of a goldfinch symbolism and related differences in the way of imaging, developing connotations and conceptualization of symbolic contents. The sacred imagery was dominated by Biblical associations, while in ludic images there was a tendency to present birds as autotelic beings without strictly religious connotations.
金翅雀在语言和文化中的神圣和神圣的象征这篇文章致力于波兰语言和文化中szczygieova(金翅雀)的象征性表现,并考虑到欧洲的文化背景。作者根据语言学资料(词源学、语义学)、文本资料(文学和民间传说)以及图像学,介绍了金翅雀作为鸟类代表的神圣和滑稽形象的符号化过程。对西欧绘画的借鉴使作者得以呈现金翅雀象征主义的多重层次及其在意象方式、内涵发展和象征内容概念化方面的相关差异。神圣的形象是由圣经协会主导的,而在滑稽的形象中,有一种倾向,把鸟表现为没有严格的宗教内涵的自我存在。
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引用次数: 0
Kognitywne modele metafory wizualnej: teoria, metodologia, analizy 视觉隐喻的认知模型:理论、方法、分析
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.12797/lv.17.2022.33.05
G. Kowalski
COGNITIVE MODELS OF VISUAL METAPHOR: THEORY, METHODOLOGY, ANALYSESThe aim of the article is to present cognitive studies on visual metaphor: selected theories, methods and analyses. An overview of literature shows a growing interest in this area of research worldwide, especially in the light of the “visual turn”. Compared to the scholarly output of foreign researchers, publications of Polish authors are scarce and their results are not systematized. The discussion of the current state of research on visual metaphor is therefore motivated, on the one hand, by knowledge gap, and on the other, by the need to popularize and systematize this area of study in Poland.
视觉隐喻的认知模型:理论、方法和分析本文的目的是介绍视觉隐喻的认知研究:选择的理论、方法和分析。文献综述表明,世界范围内对这一研究领域的兴趣日益浓厚,特别是在“视觉转向”的背景下。与外国学者的学术成果相比,波兰作者的出版物很少,他们的成果也没有系统化。因此,对视觉隐喻研究现状的讨论,一方面是由于知识差距,另一方面是由于需要在波兰推广和系统化这一研究领域。
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引用次数: 0
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LingVaria
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