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Jezik in Slovstvo最新文献

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Analysis of corrections of upper-case/lower-case initials in the Šolar and Lektor corpora 对《Šolar》和《Lektor》语料库中大写/小写首字母更正的分析
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.4312/aemz1104
Vesna Žnidar
The paper examines the role of orthographic norms in two types of non-authored text revision – text correction within the educational process and proofreading. Both the teacher and the proofreader intervene in the text in order to correct the deviations from the standard language norms: the teacher with the aim to develop the student's language (and stylistic) abilities, and the proofreader to ensure that the text complies with the standard language norms; in this paper the term correction is used for such interventions in the text. The specialized corpora Šolar and Lektor were used for the comparative analysis. As regards the corrections of upper-case/lower-case initials, there are 2,015 such corrections in the Šolar corpus where they represent a special category within spelling errors, while in the Lektor corpus there are 1,702 of those corrections and they are divided into six subtypes, which together overlap precisely with the category of upper-case and lower-case corrections in the Šolar corpus. They were used to create a typology of corrections from the Šolar corpus for the purposes of this paper. The aim of this paper is to present concrete spelling problems encountered by students and adult authors, and to examine how such errors are corrected by teachers and by proofreaders – whether they strictly adhere to codified orthographic norms, or whether deviations occur and in which cases. It was found that distinguishing between proper and common nouns causes the most problems. The paper represents a new approach in the study of language by connecting the field of developing students' language abilities and the field of proofreading.
本文探讨了正字法规范在两种非著作文本修改中的作用--教育过程中的文本校正和校对。教师和校对者都会对文本进行干预,以纠正偏离标准语言规范的地方:教师的目的是培养学生的语言(和文体)能力,校对者的目的是确保文本符合标准语言规范;在本文中,"校正 "一词用于指对文本的这种干预。比较分析使用了专业语料库 Šolar 和 Lektor。关于大写/小写首字母的更正,在 Šolar 语料库中有 2,015 个此类更正,它们是拼写错误中的一个特殊类别,而在 Lektor 语料库中有 1,702 个此类更正,它们被分为六个子类型,这些子类型与 Šolar 语料库中的大写和小写更正类别完全重叠。为了本文的目的,我们使用它们对Šolar 语料库中的更正进行了分类。本文旨在介绍学生和成人作者遇到的具体拼写问题,并研究教师和校对人员是如何纠正这些错误的--他们是否严格遵守成文的正字法规范,或是否出现偏差,以及在哪些情况下出现偏差。研究发现,区分专有名词和普通名词造成的问题最多。本文将培养学生语言能力的领域与校对领域联系起来,为语言研究提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Kaj pomeni ljubezen do slovenščine? 热爱斯洛文尼亚语意味着什么?
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.4312/vbsa5524
Matevž Treven, Katarina Meglič
Dr. Kozma Ahačič podaja svoj pogled na trenutni položaj slovenščine v svetu množične digitalizacije, izpostavlja nekaj negativnih plati in opozarja na to, da dobro znanje knjižne slovenščine ni samoumevno. V intervjuju smo odprli tudi teme variantnosti pri kodifikaciji, študija slovenistike, vprašanje pojmovanja knji­žnega in standardnega jezika ter vpliv poznavanja zgodovine jezika, zgodovine rabe jezika, zgodovine jezikoslovja in slovnic klasičnih jezikov na delo s sodobnim jezikom. Prav zgodovinskemu vidiku, tako jezikovne rabe kot slovničarstva in slovaropisja, je predstojnik Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša v svojem znanstvenem delu posvetil največ pozornosti: v zbirki Zgodovina misli o jeziku na Slovenskem je doslej obravnaval obdobje protestantizma in katoliško dobo, v več monografijah se je podrobno ukvarjal z jezikom 16. stoletja (prim. Stati inu obstati: prvih petdeset slovenskih knjig), uredil je tudi spletno mesto Slovenske slovnice in pravopisi: spletišče slovenskih slovnic in pravopisov od 1584 do danes. Doseg do največ govorcev in uporabnikov slovenščine ima njegovo uredniško delo pri portalih Fran in Franček, aktiven je tudi kot član ali vodja različnih skupin, ki v družbeno-političnem smislu skrbijo za razvoj in obstoj slovenščine (prim. Strokovna komisija za Slovenski jezik pri Ministrstvu za kulturo), za približanje slovenščine novim generacijam šolarjev pa je pripravil Slovnico na kvadrat in Kratkoslovnico.
Kozma Ahačič 博士对斯洛文尼亚语在大规模数字化世界中的现状发表了自己的看法,指出了一些消极方面,并指出精通斯洛文尼亚语文学知识并非必然。在访谈中,我们还提出了编纂中的变异、斯洛文尼亚语研究、文学语言和标准语言的概念问题,以及语言史、语言使用史、语言学史和古典语言语法知识对现代语言工作的影响等话题。弗兰-拉莫夫什斯洛文尼亚语言研究所所长在他的科研工作中最关注的是语言使用以及语法学家和词作者的历史方面:在《斯洛文尼亚语言思想史》一书中,他迄今已论述了新教时期和天主教时代,并在多部专著中详细论述了 16 世纪和 16 世纪的语言。他还编辑了 "斯洛文尼亚语语法和拼写 "网站:该网站收录了 1584 年至今的斯洛文尼亚语语法和拼写。他在弗兰语和弗兰切克语门户网站上的编辑工作接触到了最多的斯洛文尼亚语使用者和用户,他还作为成员或领导活跃在各种关注斯洛文尼亚语社会政治意义上的发展和存在的团体中(如文化部斯洛文尼亚语专家委员会),他还编写了《语法平方》和《简短词汇》,以拉近斯洛文尼亚语与新一代学童的距离。
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引用次数: 0
Selected essays by Matjaž Kmecl Matjaž Kmecl 文选
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.23-30
Miran Štuhec
The characteristics of Matjaž Kmecl’s essay writing are clearly visible in all his key texts. First, the structural role of the story or the meaning of the example must be emphasized, then the sensibility, the synthesis of subjectivity and objectivity, and vitalism. The third is the conceptual starting point, which works along the following lines: contact with nature and the resulting faith in the natural order of things flourishes and is the condition and goal of the good. This view is simple and effective when it rejects hypocrisy, reveals and overcomes the hyperbolized sense of smallness of a nation of some two million people, evokes individuality, overcomes loneliness and self-destructiveness. Kmecl notes the consequences of fatigue and overload when he places literary-historical explanations in temporal and spatial coordinates or in the case of accurate reflections of individuals and events. If I add to this Kmecl’s understanding and consideration of social and socio-historical parallels, it is possible to present a round picture of the mental foundations on which individual texts are created.
马特雅斯-克梅尔的散文写作特点在他的所有重要文章中都清晰可见。首先,必须强调故事的结构作用或例子的意义,然后是感性、主观与客观的结合以及生命主义。第三是概念上的出发点,其思路如下:与自然的接触以及由此产生的对事物自然秩序的信仰蓬勃发展,是善的条件和目标。这种观点既简单又有效,它摒弃了虚伪,揭示并克服了约 200 万人口的国家的渺小感,唤起了个性,克服了孤独和自我毁灭。当 Kmecl 将文学史解释置于时间和空间坐标中,或者在准确反映个人和事件的情况下,他注意到了疲劳和超负荷的后果。如果再加上 Kmecl 对社会和社会历史相似性的理解和思考,就有可能对个体文本赖以产生的精神基础进行全面描绘。
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引用次数: 0
Book reading: a compensation for rare personal contacts 读书:对难得的人际交往的补偿
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.31-42
Irena Novak Popov
This article deals with four books by Matjaž Kmecl, which belong to the early period of his writing academic and student manuals (Mala literarna teorija / Little Literary Theory, Od pridige do kriminalke / From Sermon to Criminal Story, Rojstvo slovenskega romana / The Birth of the Slovenian Novel) and a collection of essays (Slovenska postna premišljevanja / Slovenian Lenten Meditations). I present them in a way that summarizes Kmecl’s innovations in literary-historical writing, while at the same time recreating the experiences of a student on the path of becoming a professional reader. The discussions on the rise of the Slovenian bourgeoisie and fictional storytelling in the second half of the 19th century, as well as the reflections based on personal experiences from the times of crisis just before the dissolution of the Yugoslav federation, are permeated by the same attitude from the author: a witty discovery of the natural primordiality and integrity of existence, a tireless gathering of evidence for perseverance, defiance, vitality and faithfulness in the face of despondency, fear, and inhibition. This attitude is rooted in Kmecl’s insightful analyses of the literary past and evolves into a sympathetic assessment of contemporary anomies. In the former, in particular, he recognizes the rich cultural capital that generations of creators have accumulated, despite weak political and economic power, and passed on to their contemporaries and successors with the hope for a self-confident survival of the Slovenian people.
本文论述了马特雅斯-克梅尔(Matjaž Kmecl)的四本书,它们属于他早期写作的学术和学生手册(《小文学理论》(Mala literarna teorija / Little Literary Theory)、《从布道到犯罪故事》(Od pridige do kriminalke / From Sermon to Criminal Story)、《斯洛文尼亚小说的诞生》(Rojstvo slovenskega romana / The Birth of the Slovenian Novel))和散文集(《斯洛文尼亚四旬斋沉思录》(Slovenska postna premišljevanja / Slovenian Lenten Meditations))。我在介绍这些作品时,既总结了克梅克尔在文学史写作方面的创新,同时也再现了一名学生在成为专业读者道路上的经历。关于斯洛文尼亚资产阶级崛起和 19 世纪下半叶虚构故事的讨论,以及基于南斯拉夫联邦解体前危机时期个人经历的思考,都渗透着作者的同一态度:诙谐地发现存在的自然原始性和完整性,孜孜不倦地收集证据,以证明面对绝望、恐惧和抑制时的坚持、反抗、活力和忠诚。这种态度植根于 Kmecl 对过去文学的精辟分析,并发展为对当代反常现象的同情评价。尤其是前者,他承认一代代创作者在政治和经济力量薄弱的情况下积累了丰富的文化资本,并将这些资本传承给他们的同代人和后继者,希望斯洛文尼亚人民能够自信地生存下去。
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引用次数: 0
Stanovsko gledališče v Ljubljani v sezoni 1838/39 卢布尔雅那 Estates 剧院 1838/39 演出季
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.89-103
Tone Smolej, Tanja Žigon
This paper analyses the 1838/39 season of the German Theatre of the Carniolan Provincial Estates (Ständisches Theater) in Ljubljana, focusing on its artistic output. The introductory section describes the archival material on the basis of which the theatre’s repertoire was reconstructed and then discusses the role of the theatre’s impresario, Ferdinand Funk, and the most important plays which were performed there. In addition to the works of the Austrian playwrights Ferdinand Raimund, Johann Nestroy, Carl Meisl, and Friederich Halm, those of Eugène Scribe and Shakespeare in German translation featured prominently; women playwrights were also noticeably represented in the theatre’s repertoire. Before the 1848 revolutions the Slovene intelligentsia also patronised the Theatre of the Carniolan Provincial Estates, which was the only theatre in Ljubljana at the time, and refined their taste for dramatic art there.
本文分析了卢布尔雅那卡尼奥拉省议会德国剧院(Ständisches Theater)1838/39 演出季的情况,重点关注其艺术成果。导言部分介绍了重建剧院剧目所依据的档案资料,然后讨论了剧院经理费迪南德-丰克的作用以及剧院上演的最重要剧目。除了奥地利剧作家费迪南德-雷蒙、约翰-内斯特洛伊、卡尔-梅斯尔和弗里德里希-哈尔姆的作品外,欧仁-斯克里布和莎士比亚的德文译本也是剧院的重要剧目;女剧作家在剧院剧目中也占有显著的比例。在 1848 年革命之前,斯洛文尼亚知识分子也曾光顾当时卢布尔雅那唯一的剧院--卡尼奥拉省议会剧院,并在那里提高了他们对戏剧艺术的品味。
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引用次数: 0
Spominski utrinki na srečevanja s profesorjevo živo in vsestransko ustvarjalnostjo 与教授生动多变的创造力邂逅的回忆
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.193-195
Boža Krakar Vogel
»... bil je vrlo zabaven pripovedovalec, poln šale in naravnega humorja, zavoljo katerega je bil pred nekimi leti ljubljenec krasnega spola v salonu.« (Slovenski glasnik 1862: 68.)Nekako v duhu tega opisa, ki ga je Slovenski glasnik namenil Velentinu Zarniku, smo se o mladem profesorju v 70. letih prejšnjega stoletja pogovarjale njegove tedanje študentke. Nismo se z njim srečevale v salonih, ampak v predavalnicah in ga hitro sprejele kot razgledanega, duhovitega in komunikativnega predavatelja, navdušenega nad družbeno-kulturnim razcvetom slovenskega vitalnega meščanstva v drugi polovici 19. stoletja, posebno pa nad pripovedno prozo, ki je »mimo Prešerna najbolj osupljiv in bleščeč pojav slovenske književnosti tistega časa.«. Predavanja je pogosto popestril s kakšnim citatom is Kmetijskih in rokodelnskih novic, nam arhaičnim in smešnim, kar se je kazalo že v naslovih teh slikovitih pripovednih drobcev: Po čem se pijanec pozna, Skušnja je učila, Baba natepe moža ... Tako je profesor resne in temeljite interpretacije besedil od Ciglerja prek vajevcev, Jurčiča in Levstika, feljtona in prvih kriminalk ilustriral nastanke umetniške pripovedne proze in njihov čas.
"......他是一位极富娱乐性的说书人,充满了笑话和自然的幽默感,这使他在几年前成为沙龙中最受欢迎的女性"(Slovenski glasnik 1862: 68)。(斯洛文斯基-格拉斯尼克 1862 年:68)与斯洛文斯基-格拉斯尼克给维伦汀-扎尔尼克的这一描述的精神略同,我们在 19 世纪 70 年代从他当时的女学生那里听说了这位年轻教授的事迹。我们不是在沙龙而是在演讲厅见到他的,并很快接受了他,认为他是一位知识渊博、风趣幽默、善于沟通的讲师,热衷于 19 世纪下半叶斯洛文尼亚资产阶级在社会文化领域的蓬勃发展,尤其是叙事散文,而叙事散文 "是当时斯洛文尼亚文学中仅次于普雷舍伦的最令人惊叹和最辉煌的现象"。他经常引用 Kmetijske in rokodelnske novice 中的一段话来活跃自己的讲课,对我们来说,这段话既古老又有趣,这一点从这些如诗如画的叙事片段的标题中就能看出来:"醉汉以什么为人所知"、"少女受教"、"巴巴雇了个丈夫"......因此,教授对从西格勒到沃德维利人、尤尔契奇和列夫什蒂克、菲尔通和最初的犯罪故事的文本进行了认真而透彻的解读,说明了艺术叙事散文的起源及其时代。
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引用次数: 0
Nationalist “enfant terrible” 民族主义 "可怕的孩子
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.135-149
M. Dović
The relentlessly critical writer Fran Levstik, one of the central figures in Slovenian literature and politics in the decades following the March Revolution of 1848, was also one of the intellectuals of his time who suffered most from censorship. His first volume of poetry, Poems (1854), was harshly suppressed for alleged blasphemy, and his militant nationalist articles in the 1860s led to many publishers receiving lawsuits, heavy fines, and even prison sentences. While Levstik’s literary works were never subject to official censorship during his lifetime this eventually happened after his death with the play Tugomer, originally written by Josip Jurčič, but transformed by Levstik into an opus magnum of Slovenian nationalism.
在 1848 年三月革命后的几十年里,批判性作家弗兰-列夫斯蒂克是斯洛文尼亚文学和政治界的核心人物之一,他也是当时遭受审查最多的知识分子之一。他的第一部诗集《诗集》(1854 年)因涉嫌亵渎神明而遭到严厉镇压,他在 19 世纪 60 年代发表的激进民族主义文章导致许多出版商遭到诉讼、巨额罚款甚至监禁。虽然列夫斯蒂克生前的文学作品从未受到过官方审查,但在他去世后,他的剧本《Tugomer》最终受到了官方审查,该剧本原由约西普-尤尔契奇创作,但被列夫斯蒂克改编成斯洛文尼亚民族主义的巨著。
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引用次数: 0
Roman o podnebnih spremembah med znanstveno fantastiko in realnimi izkušnjami 一部介于科幻小说和真实经历之间的气候变化小说
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.151-163
Jožica Čeh Steger
 Literary science, like other sciences, has since the 1990s been intensively responding to anthropogenic climate change in an environmental and socio-cultural context. Climate issues have in literature been narrated in an aesthetic manner, appealing to the reader through stories, stirring emotions in the reader, inviting the reader to reflect on certain values and to behave in an environmentally friendly manner. The present study focuses on a novel about climate change, which in the framework of the environmental genre occupies a space of much importance and which in the 1990s initially gained popularity in the Anglo-American linguistic context. Its structure includes elements of other genres, especially those of science fiction and thrillers. Recently, however, it has distanced itself from fantastic scenarios, moving towards realistic encounters with climate change that can be classified as environmental risk narratives, as illustrated by the example of the novel Zgodovina čebel (The History of Bees) by the Norwegian author Maja Lunde. Climate change is also presented in the novels Na Klancu by Tina Vrščaj and Primerljivi hektarji by Nataša Kramberger.
自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,文学科学与其他科学一样,在环境和社会文化背景下对人 为造成的气候变化做出了积极回应。文学作品以审美的方式叙述气候问题,通过故事吸引读者,激起读者的情感共鸣,促使读者对某些价值观进行反思,并以对环境友好的方式行事。本研究的重点是一部关于气候变化的小说,这部小说在环境体裁的框架内占据了非常重要的位置,并于 20 世纪 90 年代开始在英美语言环境中流行起来。它的结构包含了其他体裁的元素,尤其是科幻小说和惊悚小说的元素。不过,最近它已远离梦幻般的场景,转向现实中与气候变化的接触,可以归类为环境风险叙事,挪威作家玛雅-伦德(Maja Lunde)的小说《蜜蜂的历史》(Zgodovina čebel)就是一个例子。蒂娜-弗尔什卡伊(Tina Vrščaj)的小说《纳-克兰库》(Na Klancu)和娜塔莎-克兰贝格尔(Nataša Kramberger)的小说《初学者》(Primerljivi hektarji)也对气候变化进行了描述。
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引用次数: 0
Reader responses to personal names in translation: evidence from character names in Slovene novellas 读者对翻译中人名的反应:斯洛文尼亚小说中人物姓名的证据
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.105-122
Timothy Pogačar, Ruth E. Pogacar
This study reports the results of surveys of Slovene and English speakers’ responses to the sounds of fictional characters’ names. Responses were measured with two kinds of surveys – implicit and explicit – that gauged how readers reacted to the names of characters in Slovene rural novellas of the 19th and 20th centuries. The focus was on the initial sounds of names. The hypothesis was that certain sounds correlate with positive and negative names and that Slovene and English speakers would respond similarly to names of positive and negative fictional characters. If supported, the hypothesis justifies the practice of preserving personal names in translation. Evidence from the surveys showed that Slovene and English speakers’ responses to personal names were similar to a high degree.
本研究报告了斯洛文尼亚语和英语读者对小说人物名字读音的反应调查结果。读者对 19 世纪和 20 世纪斯洛文尼亚农村小说中人物名字的反应通过隐性和显性两种调查方式进行测量。调查的重点是名字的开头音。其假设是,某些声音与正面和负面的名字相关,讲斯洛文尼亚语和英语的人对正面和负面小说人物名字的反应类似。如果这一假设得到支持,那么在翻译中保留人名的做法就是合理的。调查证据显示,斯洛文尼亚语和英语使用者对人名的反应高度相似。
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引用次数: 0
Profesorju Kmeclu 克梅克卢教授
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.4312/jis.69.1-2.3
P. Svetina
{"title":"Profesorju Kmeclu","authors":"P. Svetina","doi":"10.4312/jis.69.1-2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/jis.69.1-2.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52517,"journal":{"name":"Jezik in Slovstvo","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Jezik in Slovstvo
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