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The Importance and Usage of National Census for Security and Development of Nigeria 全国人口普查对尼日利亚安全与发展的重要性和用途
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.422
B. M. Ajiboye
Census exercise is based on the notion that clear-cut data is at the center of a roadmap that enables planning, implementation, and long-term development. Because these objectives were not met, most census research in Nigeria has focused on the difficulties, problems, and politics underlying the falsification of census results. Surprisingly, none has articulated why a census is required for security and development. As a departure from the contentious debate enveloping the population, the paper examines the indices census has on the security and development of Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study using the proportionate stratified sampling in selecting 270 respondents that cut across three towns: Ado, Ikere, and Ikole, representing each senatorial district of Ekiti State. The questionnaire served as the instrument for data collection. Findings revealed mixed perceptions about the use of census for tackling security challenges, infrastructural planning, and developmental stride.
人口普查工作基于这样一种理念,即明确的数据是实现规划、实施和长期发展的路线图的中心。由于这些目标没有实现,尼日利亚的大多数人口普查研究都集中在伪造人口普查结果背后的困难、问题和政治上。令人惊讶的是,没有人阐明为什么为了安全和发展需要人口普查。与围绕人口的争议性辩论不同,本文研究了人口普查对尼日利亚安全和发展的指数。本研究采用了横断面调查设计,采用比例分层抽样,选择了270名受访者,他们分布在三个城镇:阿多、Ikere和Ikole,代表埃基提州的每个参议院区。调查表是收集数据的工具。调查结果显示,人们对利用人口普查应对安全挑战、基础设施规划和发展步伐的看法不一。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Frontiers in Electronic Evidence: The Philippine Experience 探索电子证据的前沿:菲律宾的经验
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.417
Janice L. Andrade-Udarbe, C. Ballena
This paper is the first formal empirical study on electronic evidence (EE) since the promulgation of Rules on Electronic Evidence (REE) by the Philippine Supreme Court in 2001. A basic qualitative research design was employed in the study.  A total of 29 litigation lawyers and 13 trial judges from the Province of Cavite and the National Capital Region were the participants in the study. A qualitative survey questionnaire was used to gather data from the participants through Google Docs.  Results showed that EE was more commonly presented in criminal cases, a few in civil cases, and none in quasi-judicial and administrative cases.  Text messages were found to be the most frequently presented EE at trial.  Results further revealed three major themes such as (1) admissibility of EE, (2) authentication of EE, and (3) suggestions on the implementation of REE. The vagueness of REE provisions on the admissibility of electronic evidence results in varying interpretations of judges, which ultimately affect their appreciation of the evidence presented at a trial. The present empirical study would indeed contribute to the scholarly discourse of electronic evidence showcasing the Philippine experience. 
本文是菲律宾最高法院于2001年颁布《电子证据规则》(Rules on electronic evidence, REE)以来首次对电子证据进行正式实证研究。本研究采用基本的定性研究设计。共有29名诉讼律师和13名审判法官来自Cavite省和国家首都地区参与了研究。采用质性调查问卷,通过谷歌Docs对参与者进行数据收集。结果表明,情感表达在刑事案件中较多出现,在民事案件中较少出现,在准司法和行政案件中无情感表达。在试验中发现短信是最常见的情感表达方式。结果进一步揭示了三个主要主题,即:(1)情感表达的可采性;(2)情感表达的认证;(3)情感表达的实施建议。《电子证据法》关于电子证据可采性的规定含糊不清,导致法官的解释各不相同,最终影响到他们对审判中提出的证据的理解。本实证研究确实有助于菲律宾经验电子证据的学术论述。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Online Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Business English Teaching: A Hermeneutic Study 商务英语教学中网络教师教学内容知识的解释学探索
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.432
Ana Mariel A. Moreno, C. Ballena
This study explored the online Business English teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) to understand its essence in Business English teaching.  It sought to uncover what they thought about PCK in Business English lessons and how they developed their PCK as they engaged themselves in the everyday teaching of Business English. Hermeneutic phenomenology was employed since the purpose of the study concerns the reflection and interpretation of the online Business English teachers' experiences. The participants of the study were six online Business English teachers from one ESL Company in the Philippines catering to business professionals. They were chosen through homogeneous purposive sampling. The data collection included in-depth interviewing following semi-structured interviews and observations to gather rich descriptions of the participants' reflection and interpretation of their experiences. The data were analyzed using the six-step data analysis of Smith et al. (2021) due to the interpretive nature of the study. The results of the analysis revealed that the online Business English teachers thought of PCK as knowledge of strategizing, knowledge of Business English as the language in the workplace, and knowledge of Business English being distinct from General English. Additionally, the findings reported that teachers developed their PCK through several sources such as their encounter in the field, growth processes, and perceived need for further PCK development in Business English teaching. A creative synthesis captures the essential themes. Despite the online Business English teachers’ patent consciousness of their PCK in Business English, they still demonstrated the need to be exposed more to the business field and broaden their knowledge of business phrases and expressions.  Teacher interaction with various types of students, and feedback from senior colleagues helped develop and widen their PCK in Business English.
本研究探讨了在线商务英语教师的教学内容知识(PCK),以了解其在商务英语教学中的本质。它试图揭示他们在商务英语课程中对PCK的看法,以及他们如何在日常商务英语教学中发展PCK。本研究采用解释学现象学,因为研究的目的是对在线商务英语教师经验的反思和解释。该研究的参与者是来自菲律宾一家ESL公司的六名在线商务英语教师,他们为商务专业人士提供服务。他们是通过均匀的有目的抽样选择的。数据收集包括深度访谈,随后是半结构化访谈和观察,以收集参与者对其经历的反思和解释的丰富描述。由于该研究具有解释性,因此采用Smith等人(2021)的六步数据分析方法对数据进行分析。分析结果表明,在线商务英语教师认为PCK是战略知识,商务英语知识是工作场所的语言,商务英语知识与普通英语不同。此外,研究结果还表明,教师的PCK发展有几个来源,比如他们在现场的遭遇、成长过程以及在商务英语教学中进一步发展PCK的感知需求。创造性的综合抓住了基本主题。尽管在线商务英语教师对自己在商务英语中的PCK有专利意识,但他们仍然表现出需要更多地接触商务领域,拓宽商务短语和表达的知识。老师与不同类型的学生互动,以及来自资深同事的反馈,帮助他们发展和扩大了商务英语的PCK。
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引用次数: 1
Health Problems, Financial Capacity, and Access to Healthcare of Older Persons in Metro Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, Philippines 菲律宾Negros Oriental Metro Dumaguete老年人的健康问题、经济能力和获得医疗保健的机会
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.430
Theorose June Q. Bustillo, Enrique G. Oracion, Chereisle G. Pyponco
This descriptive qualitative study explored the experiences of older persons how they availed of and assessed the quality of available healthcare services to address their needs given their capacity to pay. The focus revolved around the concept of financial capacity for healthcare needs to address health problems during old age. Experiences were documented through face-to-face interviews of purposively identified eight older persons using semi-structured guide questions. Thematic analysis was applied, which revealed that financial capacity matters in health quality relative to the particular health problems the older persons have endured. The findings further revealed differentiated access to healthcare services given the variable economic conditions of older persons. This paper reiterates their recommendations that providing them the needed healthcare assistance and information about the management and prevention of common ailments affecting them may avert their health problems from becoming worse and more expensive to cure beyond their financial capacity.
这项描述性定性研究探讨了老年人在支付能力的情况下如何利用和评估现有医疗服务的质量,以满足他们的需求。重点围绕着解决老年健康问题的医疗保健需求的财政能力概念。通过使用半结构化的指导问题对有意确定的八名老年人进行面对面访谈,记录了他们的经历。专题分析表明,相对于老年人所经历的特殊健康问题,经济能力对健康质量至关重要。研究结果进一步表明,鉴于老年人的经济条件多变,获得医疗服务的机会存在差异。这篇论文重申了他们的建议,即为他们提供所需的医疗援助,以及有关管理和预防影响他们的常见疾病的信息,可以避免他们的健康问题变得更糟,治疗费用超过他们的经济能力。
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引用次数: 1
Strategic Priorities, Management Competencies, and Performance of the Divisions of Schools in Negros Island, Philippines 菲律宾内格罗斯岛学校分部的战略重点、管理能力和绩效
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.443
Mary Ann M. Temprosa
Good governance is a requisite in achieving quality education and lifelong learning. This combined descriptive, comparative, and correlative study looked into the strategic priorities, management competencies, and performance of the 16 divisions of schools in the Department of Education in Negros Island, Philippines. The statistical tools used were percentage and mean to determine their strategic priorities, management competencies, and performance based on the study's indicators; single-factor analysis of variance to find out any significant difference in their strategic priorities and management competencies;  and Spearman rho to examine the coefficient of correlation between their strategic priorities and management competencies, their strategic priorities and performance, and their management competencies and performance. The study found no significant difference between the divisions of schools’ strategic priorities and management competencies, and no significant relationship between these variables and between these variables and their performance.    
善政是实现优质教育和终身学习的必要条件。这项描述性、比较性和相关性相结合的研究调查了菲律宾内格罗斯岛教育部16个学校部门的战略优先事项、管理能力和绩效。使用的统计工具是百分比和平均值,用于根据研究指标确定其战略优先事项、管理能力和绩效;单因素方差分析,找出他们在战略重点和管理能力方面的任何显著差异;以及Spearman rho,以检验其战略优先事项与管理能力、战略优先事项和绩效以及管理能力和绩效之间的相关性系数。研究发现,学校的战略重点和管理能力之间没有显著差异,这些变量之间以及这些变量与绩效之间也没有显著关系。
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引用次数: 1
Viewing Your Kapwa: Elaboration of a Social-Relational Construct through Language 观察你的卡普瓦:通过语言阐述社会关系结构
Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.418
Paul Danielle P. Labor, Maria Cecilia C. Gastardo-Conaco
Enriquez (1978) presented Kapwa as a core social psychological construct that could underpin Filipino social perception and interaction. However, issues arose regarding its conceptual and operational clarity as well as lack of empirical support. This two-phased study aims to address the issues presented through a psychometric approach. The first phase aimed to uncover construct characteristics by asking participants to provide definitions and examples of kapwa and di-kapwa, which were then examined via content analysis and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program. Results from this phase elicited four (4) themes indicating that people viewed their social other in terms of dispositional attribution, level of interaction, connection, and inclusion. The second phase utilized this data to develop a kapwa measure which was found to have three (3) dimensions: Relations with the Social Other, Perceived Negative Characteristics, and Difference from the Self. Initial reliability and validity tests were favorable. Implications on Filipino social perception and behaviors highlight that we view our social others in terms of the aforementioned three dimensions and how differentially we might treat them depending on whether they are perceived as kapwa or di-kapwa. Furthermore, the results of the study further elaborate and nuance kapwa, which adds to theorizing in Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP).
Enriquez(1978)认为Kapwa是一个核心的社会心理结构,可以支撑菲律宾人的社会感知和互动。但是,出现了关于其概念和操作清晰度以及缺乏经验支持的问题。本研究分为两个阶段,旨在通过心理测量方法解决问题。第一阶段的目的是通过要求参与者提供kapwa和di-kapwa的定义和例子来揭示结构特征,然后通过内容分析和语言调查和单词计数(LIWC)程序对其进行检查。这一阶段的结果引出了四(4)个主题,表明人们从性格归因、互动水平、联系和包容的角度看待他们的社会他人。第二阶段利用这些数据来开发一个kapwa测量,该测量被发现有三(3)个维度:与社会他者的关系,感知到的负面特征和与自我的差异。初步信度和效度测试结果良好。菲律宾人的社会感知和行为的含义强调了我们在上述三个维度上看待我们的社会他人,以及我们对待他们的差异可能取决于他们是被视为kapwa还是di-kapwa。此外,研究结果进一步细化和细化了kapwa,这增加了菲律宾语(SP)的理论化。
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引用次数: 2
Technical-Vocational Students’ Emotional Functioning within the Bidimensional Mental Health Model 二维心理健康模型下的中专学生情绪功能
Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.401
Myreen P. Cleofe, Carmelo M. Callueng, Lucila O. Bance
There has been an increasing interest in understanding emotionality within the bidimensional mental health model (BMHM). Considered as a comprehensive framework, BMHM underscores psychological well-being and distress as related but distinct constructs contributing to an individual's overall emotionality. Following its global empirical appeal, this study was an attempt to apply the BMHM to examine the emotional functioning of 213 adolescents from a technical-vocational institution in the Philippines. Employing a cross-sectional research design, data were collected through multiple self-report measures and subsequently analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Salient findings indicated that the majority of the participants were assessed with a healthy emotionality, while a small but comparable proportion reported unhealthy, diminished, and mixed emotionality. Variations in emotional functioning by gender and educational levels were significant. Additionally, participants’ quality of life and academic functioning were influenced by their emotional functioning. Implications for addressing the emotional needs of students and future research were discussed.
人们对在二维心理健康模型(BMHM)中理解情绪的兴趣越来越大。作为一个全面的框架,BMHM强调心理健康和痛苦是相关的,但不同的结构,有助于个人的整体情绪。遵循其全球经验诉求,本研究试图应用BMHM来检验菲律宾某技术职业机构的213名青少年的情绪功能。采用横断面研究设计,通过多种自我报告措施收集数据,随后使用描述性和推断性统计进行分析。突出的发现表明,大多数参与者被评估为健康的情绪,而一小部分但相当比例的参与者报告不健康、减少和混合情绪。情感功能因性别和受教育程度而有显著差异。此外,参与者的生活质量和学业功能受到他们的情绪功能的影响。讨论了解决学生情感需求和未来研究的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Come into Bloom: A Grounded Theory of Well-Being among Filipino University Students 绽放:菲律宾大学生幸福理论的基础
Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i4.419
Nerizza V. Cristobal, Lucila O. Bance
Most studies in positive psychology focused on psychological factors and their impact on mental health based on Western models and quantitative approaches (Datu et al., 2018). Thus, there is a need to develop further the knowledge and application of concepts and theoretical models grounded in the lived experiences of the Filipino population. The present study utilized a grounded theory method to build a Filipino-based well-being model among university students. The BLOOMS Model of Well-being proposed that holistic well-being comprises five interconnected dimensions (Academic, Psycho-emotional, Physical, Social, and Spiritual). The study found that personal factors, social influences, and unexpected life events influenced well-being. Also, the study suggested that the following strategies enhanced well-being: building, leveraging, owning, opening, molding, and self-enhancing practices, leading to holistic growth. Data from this study can serve as a resource for further exploration of positive psychology and developing mental health policies and programs for university students.
基于西方模型和定量方法,大多数积极心理学研究都集中在心理因素及其对心理健康的影响上(Datu et al.,2018)。因此,有必要进一步发展基于菲律宾人民生活经历的概念和理论模型的知识和应用。本研究采用扎根理论方法建立了一个基于菲律宾的大学生幸福感模型。幸福的博客模型提出,整体幸福感包括五个相互关联的维度(学术、心理-情感、身体、社会和精神)。研究发现,个人因素、社会影响和意外的生活事件会影响幸福感。此外,该研究表明,以下策略可以提高幸福感:建立、利用、拥有、开放、塑造和自我提升实践,从而实现整体成长。这项研究的数据可以作为进一步探索积极心理学和制定大学生心理健康政策和计划的资源。
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引用次数: 1
Attitudes toward Statistics and Statistical Literacy of Public Senior High School Students 公立高中学生的统计学态度与统计素养
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i3.399
Reynaldo E. Repedro, Jr., Crispina V. Diego
Statistics has proven its usefulness in research over centuries to produce quality insights and data-driven decision-making. Learning statistics not only rely on cognitive but other factors such including attitude as well. This descriptive-correlational research determined the attitudes toward statistics in the components of affect, cognitive competence, value, difficulty, interest and effort, and statistical literacy of 200 public senior high school students selected through stratified random sampling. The SATS-36© developed by Schau et al. (2003) was used to determine attitudes, while a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to measure statistical literacy. Using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, students' attitudes toward the subject were established positively in value, interest, and effort components. In contrast, a negative attitude was exhibited in the components of affect, cognitive competence, and difficulty. Students' statistical literacy was found to be low in all areas and as a whole. Among the six components of attitude, the value component showed a significant relationship and predicted students' statistical literacy. Thus, the most vital component of attitudes toward statistics is value.
几个世纪以来,统计学在研究中已经证明了它的有用性,可以产生高质量的见解和数据驱动的决策。学习统计不仅依赖于认知,还依赖于其他因素,包括态度。本项描述性相关研究通过分层随机抽样的方法,确定了200名公立高中学生在情感、认知能力、价值、难度、兴趣和努力以及统计素养等方面对统计学的态度。Schau等人(2003)开发的SATS-36©用于确定态度,而研究人员制作的问卷用于衡量统计素养。通过描述性统计和推理分析,学生对该学科的态度在价值、兴趣和努力成分方面得到了积极的确立。相反,消极态度表现在情感、认知能力和困难的组成部分。学生的统计素养在所有领域和整体上都很低。在态度的六个组成部分中,价值成分表现出显著的相关性,并预测了学生的统计素养。因此,对统计的态度中最重要的组成部分是价值。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluating Spiral Progression Approach (SPA) in Teaching Science and Mathematics for Junior High Curriculum 评价螺旋递进法在初中科学与数学教学中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.52006/main.v4i3.362
Paulo G. Batidor, Leomarich F. Casinillo
The goal of the Spiral Progression Approach (SPA) is that the teaching process will lead to boosting cognitive improvement. This study aimed to evaluate SPA in teaching Science and Mathematics students using the modified post-test only design. The first batch of the K-12 program is the treatment group. In contrast, the last batch under the Basic Education Curriculum is the comparison group. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine a significant impact on the students' academic performance. Results showed a significant impact in Biology and Chemistry but not in Integrated Science and Physics. There was also a significant impact in Trigonometry and Statistics but not in Elementary Algebra, Intermediate Algebra, and Plane Geometry. However, the student's academic performance remained below satisfactory in Biology, Chemistry, and Trigonometry, and Statistics. Hence, teachers must be experts in their respective fields and undergo rigorous training to improve their strategies and become globally competitive educators.
螺旋渐进法(SPA)的目标是在教学过程中促进认知能力的提高。本研究旨在使用改进的仅测试后设计来评估SPA在科学和数学学生教学中的作用。K-12项目的第一批是治疗组。相比之下,基础教育课程下的最后一批是对照组。Wilcoxon秩和检验用于确定对学生学习成绩的显著影响。结果显示,在生物学和化学方面有显著影响,但在综合科学和物理方面没有。在三角学和统计学方面也有重大影响,但在初等代数、中级代数和平面几何方面没有。然而,该学生在生物学、化学、三角学和统计学方面的学习成绩仍不尽如人意。因此,教师必须是各自领域的专家,并接受严格的培训,以改进其策略,成为具有全球竞争力的教育工作者。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Philippine Social Science Journal
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