Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3342071
Ali Sharida;Naheel Faisal Kamal;Sertac Bayhan;Haitham Abu-Rub
This article proposes an adaptive and fault-tolerant communication method for controlling parallel-connected active front-end rectifiers (AFRs). The proposed method relies on the principle of master-slave communication based on the controller area network bus protocol. The master unit is responsible for generating current reference signal and for sharing it with the slaves, while the slave units are solely responsible for generating the power based on the received reference set points. The master can be selected and changed automatically based on a negotiation algorithm among the connected rectifiers. Then, if a communication fault occurs in the master, another master is chosen by the slaves. On the other hand, slaves’ communication faults are tolerated by switching to communication-less mode of operation with online estimation of the current reference signal instead of receiving it over the communication network. The proposed algorithms are validated by simulation and experimentally on a prototype with three parallel AFRs.
{"title":"Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Communication Based-Control for Parallel Connected Rectifiers","authors":"Ali Sharida;Naheel Faisal Kamal;Sertac Bayhan;Haitham Abu-Rub","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3342071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3342071","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes an adaptive and fault-tolerant communication method for controlling parallel-connected active front-end rectifiers (AFRs). The proposed method relies on the principle of master-slave communication based on the controller area network bus protocol. The master unit is responsible for generating current reference signal and for sharing it with the slaves, while the slave units are solely responsible for generating the power based on the received reference set points. The master can be selected and changed automatically based on a negotiation algorithm among the connected rectifiers. Then, if a communication fault occurs in the master, another master is chosen by the slaves. On the other hand, slaves’ communication faults are tolerated by switching to communication-less mode of operation with online estimation of the current reference signal instead of receiving it over the communication network. The proposed algorithms are validated by simulation and experimentally on a prototype with three parallel AFRs.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"709-719"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10360205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139050615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3339838
Rosario V. Giuffrida;Raffael Senti;Dominik Bortis;Tim Bierewirtz;Krishnaraj Narayanaswamy;Marcus Granegger;Johann W. Kolar
In the context of a collaboration between the Medical University of Vienna , the Power Electronic Systems Laboratory of ETH Zurich , and Charité Berlin , the novel implantable total artificial heart ShuttlePump is currently being developed. Its novel low-complexity pumping concept requires a compact linear–rotary actuator (LiRA). The linear actuator (LA) part was designed, realized, and experimentally verified in previous work, and it can provide a peak axial force of about 45 N with about 8 W of continuous power dissipation. This article presents the details of the rotary actuator (RA) part. This has considerably lower output power requirements (about 100 mW) due to the low operating torque and angular speed (3.1 mN $cdot$ m and up to 300 r/min, respectively). However, the RA is highly constrained spatially, as it needs to be integrated very close to the previously realized LA. This forces a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) design with a rotor only partially equipped with permanent magnets and stators covering only half of the total circumference, which introduces a considerable cogging component to the total torque. The proposed PMSM is, hence, optimized using finite-element method simulations to select a final design with low power losses and low cogging-induced angular speed ripple. The machine is realized as a hardware prototype, and the experimental measurements confirm that the proposed RA can meet the continuous torque requirement with 324 mW of power losses. The successful implementation of the RA (and LA) finally verifies the practical feasibility of the integrated LiRA and provides the basis for a comprehensive test of the complete ShuttlePump in a hydraulic test rig in the course of further research.
维也纳医科大学、苏黎世联邦理工学院电力电子系统实验室和柏林夏里特大学正在合作开发新型植入式全人工心脏 ShuttlePump。其新颖的低复杂度泵送概念需要一个紧凑的线性旋转致动器（LiRA）。线性致动器（LA）部分的设计、实现和实验验证工作已在之前的工作中完成，它可以提供约 45 N 的峰值轴向力，持续功耗约为 8 W。本文将详细介绍旋转致动器（RA）部分。由于工作扭矩和角速度较低（分别为 3.1 mN$cdot$m 和高达 300 r/min），因此对输出功率的要求要低得多（约 100 mW）。然而，RA 在空间上受到很大限制，因为它需要非常靠近先前实现的 LA 集成。这就迫使永磁同步机（PMSM）的转子只能部分配备永磁体，定子只能覆盖总圆周的一半，这就给总扭矩带来了相当大的齿槽分量。因此，利用有限元法模拟对所提出的 PMSM 进行了优化，以选择功率损耗低、齿槽引起的角速度纹波小的最终设计。该机器以硬件原型的形式实现，实验测量结果证实，所提出的 RA 能够以 324 mW 的功率损耗满足连续转矩要求。RA（和 LA）的成功实现最终验证了集成式 LiRA 的实际可行性，并为进一步研究过程中在液压试验台架上对整个 ShuttlePump 进行全面测试奠定了基础。
{"title":"Spatially Highly Constrained Auxiliary Rotary Actuator for a Novel Total Artificial Heart","authors":"Rosario V. Giuffrida;Raffael Senti;Dominik Bortis;Tim Bierewirtz;Krishnaraj Narayanaswamy;Marcus Granegger;Johann W. Kolar","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3339838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3339838","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of a collaboration between the \u0000<italic>Medical University of Vienna</i>\u0000, the \u0000<italic>Power Electronic Systems Laboratory</i>\u0000 of \u0000<italic>ETH Zurich</i>\u0000, and \u0000<italic>Charité Berlin</i>\u0000, the novel implantable total artificial heart \u0000<italic>ShuttlePump</i>\u0000 is currently being developed. Its novel low-complexity pumping concept requires a compact linear–rotary actuator (LiRA). The linear actuator (LA) part was designed, realized, and experimentally verified in previous work, and it can provide a peak axial force of about 45 N with about 8 W of continuous power dissipation. This article presents the details of the rotary actuator (RA) part. This has considerably lower output power requirements (about 100 mW) due to the low operating torque and angular speed (3.1 mN\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$cdot$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m and up to 300 r/min, respectively). However, the RA is highly constrained spatially, as it needs to be integrated very close to the previously realized LA. This forces a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) design with a rotor only partially equipped with permanent magnets and stators covering only half of the total circumference, which introduces a considerable cogging component to the total torque. The proposed PMSM is, hence, optimized using finite-element method simulations to select a final design with low power losses and low cogging-induced angular speed ripple. The machine is realized as a hardware prototype, and the experimental measurements confirm that the proposed RA can meet the continuous torque requirement with 324 mW of power losses. The successful implementation of the RA (and LA) finally verifies the practical feasibility of the integrated LiRA and provides the basis for a comprehensive test of the complete \u0000<italic>ShuttlePump</i>\u0000 in a hydraulic test rig in the course of further research.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"732-747"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10345753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139434704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3336981
MANUEL COLMENERO;Francisco Rafael Blanquez;Ramon Blasco-Gimenez
The future circular collider (FCC) is a cutting-edge particle accelerator being planned by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). It is designed to delve deeper into the mysteries of the universe than its predecessor, the large hadron collider (LHC). With a circumference of over 80 km, the FCC requires a reliable and efficient power transmission network to operate smoothly. The available power options for the FCC include a high-voltage dc transmission and radio frequency powering networks based on HVdc converters, such as the modular multilevel power converters or the 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers, each providing several benefits in power transmission efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, the converter selection, its control, and the protection aspects must be carefully designed to meet the unique requirements of the installation. This article examines different dc powering scenarios for the FCC and proposes a control and protection scheme compatible with the accelerator's operation mode. This approach ensures that the power system meets the FCC's specific needs and operates safely and effectively. The validity of the proposed control and protection strategies is verified by means of detailed computer simulations.
{"title":"DC Powering Solutions for the Future Circular Collider: Converter Topologies, Protection, and Control","authors":"MANUEL COLMENERO;Francisco Rafael Blanquez;Ramon Blasco-Gimenez","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3336981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3336981","url":null,"abstract":"The future circular collider (FCC) is a cutting-edge particle accelerator being planned by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). It is designed to delve deeper into the mysteries of the universe than its predecessor, the large hadron collider (LHC). With a circumference of over 80 km, the FCC requires a reliable and efficient power transmission network to operate smoothly. The available power options for the FCC include a high-voltage dc transmission and radio frequency powering networks based on HVdc converters, such as the modular multilevel power converters or the 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers, each providing several benefits in power transmission efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, the converter selection, its control, and the protection aspects must be carefully designed to meet the unique requirements of the installation. This article examines different dc powering scenarios for the FCC and proposes a control and protection scheme compatible with the accelerator's operation mode. This approach ensures that the power system meets the FCC's specific needs and operates safely and effectively. The validity of the proposed control and protection strategies is verified by means of detailed computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"694-708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10335638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138822154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3333873
S. Alireza Davari;Vahab Nekoukar;Shirin Azadi;Freddy Flores-Bahamonde;Cristian Garcia;Jose Rodriguez
Tuning the weighting factor is crucial to model predictive torque and flux control. A finite set of discrete weighting factors is utilized in this research to determine the optimum solution. The Pareto line optimization technique is implemented to prevent the occurrence of local optimum solutions. By conducting an accuracy analysis, the number of discrete weighting factors is optimized, and the number of iterations is reduced. The stator current distortion minimization criterion is used to obtain the ultimate global optimal solution from the Pareto line. This study compares the results of the proposed optimization method and the particle swarm optimization method based on experimental data from a 4 kW induction motor drive test bench. The proposed technique can achieve the global optimum weighting factor in a shorter computational duration while maintaining a slightly lower total harmonics distortion and torque ripple.
{"title":"Discrete Optimization of Weighting Factor in Model Predictive Control of Induction Motor","authors":"S. Alireza Davari;Vahab Nekoukar;Shirin Azadi;Freddy Flores-Bahamonde;Cristian Garcia;Jose Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3333873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3333873","url":null,"abstract":"Tuning the weighting factor is crucial to model predictive torque and flux control. A finite set of discrete weighting factors is utilized in this research to determine the optimum solution. The Pareto line optimization technique is implemented to prevent the occurrence of local optimum solutions. By conducting an accuracy analysis, the number of discrete weighting factors is optimized, and the number of iterations is reduced. The stator current distortion minimization criterion is used to obtain the ultimate global optimal solution from the Pareto line. This study compares the results of the proposed optimization method and the particle swarm optimization method based on experimental data from a 4 kW induction motor drive test bench. The proposed technique can achieve the global optimum weighting factor in a shorter computational duration while maintaining a slightly lower total harmonics distortion and torque ripple.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"573-582"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10330016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138484976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3335976
Wael Alsabbagh;Peter Langendörfer
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are indispensable in critical infrastructures and industrial control systems. The increasing demand for enhanced cost-effectiveness and production efficiency has driven automation manufacturers to integrate PLC-based applications and systems with external networks, such as Internet. Unfortunately, this connectivity has exposed systems to potential malicious attacks from motivated adversaries. Addressing this pressing issue necessitates a comprehensive summary of ongoing research related to PLCs and their related systems. This summary should classify these systems based on disclosed vulnerabilities, potential threats, and proposed security solutions, catering to both scientists and industrial engineers. While several recent surveys have reviewed and discussed PLC security and related topics, they often fell short of covering all essential aspects comprehensively. Furthermore, prior surveys tended to focus on analyzing vulnerabilities at the system level, overlooking the vulnerabilities specific to PLCs themselves. Consequently, their findings failed to effectively secure current operational systems or propose improved solutions for future PLC designs. In this article, we bridge this research gap by providing a detailed review of all aspects concerning the security of PLCs and related systems. This includes vulnerabilities, potential attacks, and security solutions including digital forensics. We aim to offer a precise analysis, addressing the shortcomings of previous studies. Finally, we conclude this article by presenting our recommendations tailored for PLC manufacturers, researchers, and engineers. We hope that these recommendations will contribute to the development of more secure PLCs in the future.
{"title":"Security of Programmable Logic Controllers and Related Systems: Today and Tomorrow","authors":"Wael Alsabbagh;Peter Langendörfer","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3335976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3335976","url":null,"abstract":"Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are indispensable in critical infrastructures and industrial control systems. The increasing demand for enhanced cost-effectiveness and production efficiency has driven automation manufacturers to integrate PLC-based applications and systems with external networks, such as Internet. Unfortunately, this connectivity has exposed systems to potential malicious attacks from motivated adversaries. Addressing this pressing issue necessitates a comprehensive summary of ongoing research related to PLCs and their related systems. This summary should classify these systems based on disclosed vulnerabilities, potential threats, and proposed security solutions, catering to both scientists and industrial engineers. While several recent surveys have reviewed and discussed PLC security and related topics, they often fell short of covering all essential aspects comprehensively. Furthermore, prior surveys tended to focus on analyzing vulnerabilities at the system level, overlooking the vulnerabilities specific to PLCs themselves. Consequently, their findings failed to effectively secure current operational systems or propose improved solutions for future PLC designs. In this article, we bridge this research gap by providing a detailed review of all aspects concerning the security of PLCs and related systems. This includes vulnerabilities, potential attacks, and security solutions including digital forensics. We aim to offer a precise analysis, addressing the shortcomings of previous studies. Finally, we conclude this article by presenting our recommendations tailored for PLC manufacturers, researchers, and engineers. We hope that these recommendations will contribute to the development of more secure PLCs in the future.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"659-693"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10328062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138678686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart grids (SGs), a cornerstone of modern power systems, facilitate efficient management and distribution of electricity. Despite their advantages, increased connectivity and reliance on communication networks expand their susceptibility to cyber threats. Machine learning (ML) can radically transform cyber security in SGs and secure protocols as in IEC 60870 standard, an international standard for electric power system communication. Notwithstanding, cyber adversaries are now exploiting ML-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) using adversarial ML attacks, potentially undermining SG security. This article addresses cyber attacks on the communication network of SGs, specifically targeting the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. We introduce a novel ML-based IDS framework for the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. Specifically, we employ an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze a new and realistically representative dataset of IEC 60870-5-104 traffic data, unlike previous research that relies on simulated or unrelated data. This approach assists in identifying anomalies indicative of cyber attacks more accurately. Furthermore, we evaluate the resilience of our ANN model against adversarial attacks, including the fast gradient sign method, projected gradient descent, and Carlini and Wagner attacks. Our results demonstrate that the proposed framework can accurately detect cyber attacks and remains robust to adversarial attacks. This offers efficient and resilient IDS capabilities to detect and mitigate cyber attacks in real-world ML-based adversarial environments.
{"title":"Double-Edged Defense: Thwarting Cyber Attacks and Adversarial Machine Learning in IEC 60870-5-104 Smart Grids","authors":"Hadir Teryak;Abdullatif Albaseer;Mohamed Abdallah;Saif Al-Kuwari;Marwa Qaraqe","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3336234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3336234","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grids (SGs), a cornerstone of modern power systems, facilitate efficient management and distribution of electricity. Despite their advantages, increased connectivity and reliance on communication networks expand their susceptibility to cyber threats. Machine learning (ML) can radically transform cyber security in SGs and secure protocols as in IEC 60870 standard, an international standard for electric power system communication. Notwithstanding, cyber adversaries are now exploiting ML-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) using adversarial ML attacks, potentially undermining SG security. This article addresses cyber attacks on the communication network of SGs, specifically targeting the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. We introduce a novel ML-based IDS framework for the IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. Specifically, we employ an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze a new and realistically representative dataset of IEC 60870-5-104 traffic data, unlike previous research that relies on simulated or unrelated data. This approach assists in identifying anomalies indicative of cyber attacks more accurately. Furthermore, we evaluate the resilience of our ANN model against adversarial attacks, including the fast gradient sign method, projected gradient descent, and Carlini and Wagner attacks. Our results demonstrate that the proposed framework can accurately detect cyber attacks and remains robust to adversarial attacks. This offers efficient and resilient IDS capabilities to detect and mitigate cyber attacks in real-world ML-based adversarial environments.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"629-642"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10328057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3335069
Anian Brosch;Oliver Wallscheid;Joachim Böcker
Improving control dynamics and enabling maximum torque and power conversion for a given electrical drive are important target quantities of drive control algorithms. To utilize the electrical drive to its maximum extent during transient and steady-state operation, a time-optimal continuous-control-set model predictive flux control (CCS-MPFC) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is proposed. This scheme considers torque and current limits as softened state constraints in the CCS-MPFC's optimization problem to prevent transient overcurrents as well as torque over- and undershoots during time-optimal operating point changes. Furthermore, the overmodulation range including six-step operation can be entered seamlessly to ensure maximum power conversion at high speeds. Fastest transients within the whole modulation range are enabled by a time-optimal harmonic reference generator. Here, the flux reference of the CCS-MPFC is complemented with a harmonic content that enables operation in the overmodulation region. Further, the reference is prerotated during transient operation to attain time-optimal control performance. Extensive simulative as well as experimental investigations for linearly and nonlinearly magnetized PMSMs show that, compared with state-of-the-art methods, time-optimal control performance in the whole modulation range without transient overcurrents as well as torque over- and undershoots can be achieved by the proposed control method.
{"title":"Time-Optimal Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in the Whole Speed and Modulation Range Considering Current and Torque Limits","authors":"Anian Brosch;Oliver Wallscheid;Joachim Böcker","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3335069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3335069","url":null,"abstract":"Improving control dynamics and enabling maximum torque and power conversion for a given electrical drive are important target quantities of drive control algorithms. To utilize the electrical drive to its maximum extent during transient and steady-state operation, a time-optimal continuous-control-set model predictive flux control (CCS-MPFC) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is proposed. This scheme considers torque and current limits as softened state constraints in the CCS-MPFC's optimization problem to prevent transient overcurrents as well as torque over- and undershoots during time-optimal operating point changes. Furthermore, the overmodulation range including six-step operation can be entered seamlessly to ensure maximum power conversion at high speeds. Fastest transients within the whole modulation range are enabled by a time-optimal harmonic reference generator. Here, the flux reference of the CCS-MPFC is complemented with a harmonic content that enables operation in the overmodulation region. Further, the reference is prerotated during transient operation to attain time-optimal control performance. Extensive simulative as well as experimental investigations for linearly and nonlinearly magnetized PMSMs show that, compared with state-of-the-art methods, time-optimal control performance in the whole modulation range without transient overcurrents as well as torque over- and undershoots can be achieved by the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"643-658"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10324345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138822193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3334429
Sina Yousefi;Shen Yin;Muhammad Gibran Alfarizi
Fault diagnosis is integral to maintenance practices, ensuring optimal machinery functionality. While traditional methods relied on human expertise, intelligent fault diagnosis techniques, propelled by machine learning (ML) advancements, now offer automated fault identification. Despite their efficiency, a research gap exists, emphasizing the need for methods providing not just reliable fault identification but also in-depth causal factor analysis. This research introduces a novel approach using an extra tree classification algorithm and feature selection to identify fault importance in manufacturing processes. Compared with SVM, neural networks, and tree-based ML, the method enhances training and computational efficiency, achieving over 99% classification accuracy on prognostics and health management 2021 dataset. Importantly, the algorithm enables researchers to analyze individual fault causes, addressing a critical research gap. The study provides guidelines for further research, aiming to refine the proposed strategy. This work contributes to advancing fault diagnosis methodologies, combining automation with comprehensive causal analysis, crucial for both academic and industrial applications.
故障诊断是维护实践中不可或缺的一环，可确保最佳的机械功能。传统方法依赖于人类的专业知识，而在机器学习（ML）技术进步的推动下，智能故障诊断技术现在可以自动识别故障。尽管其效率很高，但仍存在研究空白，强调不仅需要可靠的故障识别方法，还需要深入的因果分析方法。本研究介绍了一种使用额外树分类算法和特征选择来识别制造流程中故障重要性的新方法。与 SVM、神经网络和基于树的 ML 相比，该方法提高了训练和计算效率，在预报和健康管理 2021 数据集上实现了超过 99% 的分类准确率。重要的是，该算法使研究人员能够分析单个故障原因，填补了一项关键的研究空白。本研究为进一步研究提供了指导，旨在完善所提出的策略。这项工作有助于推进故障诊断方法，将自动化与全面的因果分析相结合，这对学术和工业应用都至关重要。
{"title":"Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Manufacturing Processes Using Extra Tree Classification Algorithm and Feature Selection Strategies","authors":"Sina Yousefi;Shen Yin;Muhammad Gibran Alfarizi","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3334429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3334429","url":null,"abstract":"Fault diagnosis is integral to maintenance practices, ensuring optimal machinery functionality. While traditional methods relied on human expertise, intelligent fault diagnosis techniques, propelled by machine learning (ML) advancements, now offer automated fault identification. Despite their efficiency, a research gap exists, emphasizing the need for methods providing not just reliable fault identification but also in-depth causal factor analysis. This research introduces a novel approach using an extra tree classification algorithm and feature selection to identify fault importance in manufacturing processes. Compared with SVM, neural networks, and tree-based ML, the method enhances training and computational efficiency, achieving over 99% classification accuracy on prognostics and health management 2021 dataset. Importantly, the algorithm enables researchers to analyze individual fault causes, addressing a critical research gap. The study provides guidelines for further research, aiming to refine the proposed strategy. This work contributes to advancing fault diagnosis methodologies, combining automation with comprehensive causal analysis, crucial for both academic and industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"618-628"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10323174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138550239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3334299
Joseba Osa;Niclas Björsell;Iñaki Val;Mikel Mendicute
Communications in the mmWave spectrum are gaining relevance in the last years as they are a promising candidate to cope with the increasing demand of throughput and latency in different use cases. Nowadays, several efforts have been carried out to characterize the propagation medium of these signals with the aim of designing their corresponding communication protocols accordingly, and a wide variety of both outdoor/indoor locations have already been studied. However, very few works endorse industrial scenarios, which are particularly demanding due to their stringent requirements in terms of reliability, determinism, and latency. This work aims to provide an insight of the propagation of 60 GHz mmWave signals in a typical industrial workshop in order to explore the particularities of this kind of scenario. In order to achieve this, an extensive measurement campaign has been carried out in this environment and a stochastic channel model has been proposed and validated.
{"title":"Measurement Based Stochastic Channel Model for 60 GHz Mmwave Industrial Communications","authors":"Joseba Osa;Niclas Björsell;Iñaki Val;Mikel Mendicute","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3334299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2023.3334299","url":null,"abstract":"Communications in the mmWave spectrum are gaining relevance in the last years as they are a promising candidate to cope with the increasing demand of throughput and latency in different use cases. Nowadays, several efforts have been carried out to characterize the propagation medium of these signals with the aim of designing their corresponding communication protocols accordingly, and a wide variety of both outdoor/indoor locations have already been studied. However, very few works endorse industrial scenarios, which are particularly demanding due to their stringent requirements in terms of reliability, determinism, and latency. This work aims to provide an insight of the propagation of 60 GHz mmWave signals in a typical industrial workshop in order to explore the particularities of this kind of scenario. In order to achieve this, an extensive measurement campaign has been carried out in this environment and a stochastic channel model has been proposed and validated.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"603-617"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10323142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2023.3330894
Weihua Zhou;Jef Beerten
Due to the capability to perform participation factor analysis and oscillation origin location, the state–space model (SSM)-based eigenvalue method has been widely used for stability assessment of inverter-penetrated power systems. However, possible internal confidentiality of inverters impedes the derivation of their SSMs. In addition, conventional derivation procedure of system SSM can be tedious when complicated transmission network topology and various transmission cables are involved, which may result in a high-order system SSM. To this end, this article presents a black box-based incremental reduced-order modeling framework. The reduced-order SSMs of the inverters and transmission cables are extracted from their $dq$ -domain admittance frequency responses and $abc$ -domain impedance frequency responses, respectively, by the matrix fitting algorithm. Then, the SSM operators proposed in this article recursively assemble the components' fitted SSMs in the similar manner as the impedance model operator-based recursive components' impedance aggregation, while preserving the dynamics of individual components. Simulation results show that the presented state–space modeling framework can properly identify the state–space models of black-box devices at component modeling stage, simplify assembling procedure at subsystems/components integration stage, and release computational burden at system participation factor analysis stage.
{"title":"Black Box-Based Incremental Reduced-Order Modeling Framework of Inverter-Based Power Systems","authors":"Weihua Zhou;Jef Beerten","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3330894","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2023.3330894","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the capability to perform participation factor analysis and oscillation origin location, the state–space model (SSM)-based eigenvalue method has been widely used for stability assessment of inverter-penetrated power systems. However, possible internal confidentiality of inverters impedes the derivation of their SSMs. In addition, conventional derivation procedure of system SSM can be tedious when complicated transmission network topology and various transmission cables are involved, which may result in a high-order system SSM. To this end, this article presents a black box-based incremental reduced-order modeling framework. The reduced-order SSMs of the inverters and transmission cables are extracted from their \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$dq$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-domain admittance frequency responses and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$abc$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-domain impedance frequency responses, respectively, by the matrix fitting algorithm. Then, the SSM operators proposed in this article recursively assemble the components' fitted SSMs in the similar manner as the impedance model operator-based recursive components' impedance aggregation, while preserving the dynamics of individual components. Simulation results show that the presented state–space modeling framework can properly identify the state–space models of black-box devices at component modeling stage, simplify assembling procedure at subsystems/components integration stage, and release computational burden at system participation factor analysis stage.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"506-518"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10310269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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