Ahmad Rezaee Azandariani, Masoud Esnaashari, Fahimeh Maghsoodi, F. Esna-Ashari
Background and Objective: Neonatal neurological diseases are characterized by a range of clinical symptoms and signs that can be confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in some cases. This study aimed to examine the neonatal cerebral MRI descriptively. Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 69 MRI neonatal images were analyzed from January to April 2019. These images were extracted from the archives of the MRI Center affiliated to Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. Moreover, demographic characteristics of the infants, including age, gender, birth rank, consanguineous marriage among their parents, as well as initial and final diagnosis were extracted and analyzed in this study. Results: According to the results, 65.4% of the infants were male, and the mean age of the neonates was obtained at 13±9.9 days. The initial and final diagnoses confirmed the seizure in most cases. In general, the MRI results were completely normal in 60.9% of the neonates. There was no significant relationship between the variables studied and abnormal MRI results in the
{"title":"Neonatal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Its Relationship with Demographic Characteristics of Neonates","authors":"Ahmad Rezaee Azandariani, Masoud Esnaashari, Fahimeh Maghsoodi, F. Esna-Ashari","doi":"10.21859/AJCM.26.2.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21859/AJCM.26.2.118","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Neonatal neurological diseases are characterized by a range of clinical symptoms and signs that can be confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in some cases. This study aimed to examine the neonatal cerebral MRI descriptively. Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 69 MRI neonatal images were analyzed from January to April 2019. These images were extracted from the archives of the MRI Center affiliated to Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. Moreover, demographic characteristics of the infants, including age, gender, birth rank, consanguineous marriage among their parents, as well as initial and final diagnosis were extracted and analyzed in this study. Results: According to the results, 65.4% of the infants were male, and the mean age of the neonates was obtained at 13±9.9 days. The initial and final diagnoses confirmed the seizure in most cases. In general, the MRI results were completely normal in 60.9% of the neonates. There was no significant relationship between the variables studied and abnormal MRI results in the","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49485198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mansouri, M. Fallah, Amirhoseein Maghsood, M. Matini
Background and Objective: Toxocariasis is a common infection between humans and animals, which can be considered as a health issue in vulnerable populations due to its indigenous nature to the country and the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of contamination with Toxocara canis infection and exposure to its parasite in children. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 621 children aged 2 to12 years referred to health centers in Kermanshah, Iran. After sampling and recording the demographic characteristics, the samples were tested for anti-T. canis antibody (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and Fisher's exact test. Results: Out of 621 tested serum samples, 8 samples (1.3%) were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. Of these, 5 and 3 samples were from male and female patients all living in urban areas. It is noteworthy that none of these individuals had a history of earth-eating, as well as touching or playing with the dog. However, a dog was kept at one of the child's home. Conclusion: The results of the study showed a relatively low prevalence of toxocariasis infection in children, although the findings confirmed the establishment of the parasite transmission cycle in the region. Therefore, considering the importance of hygiene issues, it is necessary to develop and implement strategies for controlling and preventing the infection in the definitive hosts of the parasite in order to reduce the incidence of human
{"title":"Seroepidemiology of Toxocariasis in 2-12-year-old Children Refered to Health Centers in Kermanshah during 2018","authors":"S. Mansouri, M. Fallah, Amirhoseein Maghsood, M. Matini","doi":"10.21859/AJCM.26.2.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21859/AJCM.26.2.99","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Toxocariasis is a common infection between humans and animals, which can be considered as a health issue in vulnerable populations due to its indigenous nature to the country and the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of contamination with Toxocara canis infection and exposure to its parasite in children. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 621 children aged 2 to12 years referred to health centers in Kermanshah, Iran. After sampling and recording the demographic characteristics, the samples were tested for anti-T. canis antibody (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and Fisher's exact test. Results: Out of 621 tested serum samples, 8 samples (1.3%) were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. Of these, 5 and 3 samples were from male and female patients all living in urban areas. It is noteworthy that none of these individuals had a history of earth-eating, as well as touching or playing with the dog. However, a dog was kept at one of the child's home. Conclusion: The results of the study showed a relatively low prevalence of toxocariasis infection in children, although the findings confirmed the establishment of the parasite transmission cycle in the region. Therefore, considering the importance of hygiene issues, it is necessary to develop and implement strategies for controlling and preventing the infection in the definitive hosts of the parasite in order to reduce the incidence of human","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44344675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Keramat, Parisa Hamzeloui, M. Rabiei, A. Saadatmand
Background and Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected people are at higher risk of opportunistic infections due to immunodeficiency. The current study aimed to evaluate the different levels of CD4 in HIV-infected patients and its relationship with clinical and paraclinical manifestations of the patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 HIV-infected patients referred to the Counseling Centers for Behavioral Diseases and Sina Hospital in Hamadan, from 2014 to 2015. At the commencement of the study, written consent was obtained from the participants. Thereafter, demographic data, history of underlying diseases, symptoms and clinical syndromes, medical history, and serum CD4 levels were evaluated by flow cytometric recorded in the questionnaire and data were analyzed in SPSS software(version 16). Results: Out of 66 HIV-positive patients, 70.2% (n=38) were male and the mean age of the patients was 40.06±10. 04 years. In terms of classification of the clinical stage of the disease, the patinets in the first, second, and third stages were reported as 11 (11.7%), 36 (38.3%) and 34 (36.2%), respectively. The mean serum CD4 count of the patients at the beginning of antiretroviral therapy was measured at 284.241±284 and 377.19±271.41 cells /μl, respectively. The difference in the mean of serum CD4 count before and after antiretroviral therapy was revealed to be statistically significant (P=0.001). The most common clinical symptoms observed included cough and sputum (29.9%), oral aphthous ulcer (12.7%), weight loss (11.7%), and fever (7.4%). Based on the results of the study, there was a significant difference between the mean of platelet count, hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase at different levels of CD4 (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, serum CD4 levels rise with the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients; therefore, early antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with any serum CD4 level is of paramount importance.
{"title":"Clinical and Para Clinical Manifestations of HIV-Positive Patients at Different Levels of CD4","authors":"F. Keramat, Parisa Hamzeloui, M. Rabiei, A. Saadatmand","doi":"10.21859/AJCM.26.2.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21859/AJCM.26.2.110","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected people are at higher risk of opportunistic infections due to immunodeficiency. The current study aimed to evaluate the different levels of CD4 in HIV-infected patients and its relationship with clinical and paraclinical manifestations of the patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 HIV-infected patients referred to the Counseling Centers for Behavioral Diseases and Sina Hospital in Hamadan, from 2014 to 2015. At the commencement of the study, written consent was obtained from the participants. Thereafter, demographic data, history of underlying diseases, symptoms and clinical syndromes, medical history, and serum CD4 levels were evaluated by flow cytometric recorded in the questionnaire and data were analyzed in SPSS software(version 16). Results: Out of 66 HIV-positive patients, 70.2% (n=38) were male and the mean age of the patients was 40.06±10. 04 years. In terms of classification of the clinical stage of the disease, the patinets in the first, second, and third stages were reported as 11 (11.7%), 36 (38.3%) and 34 (36.2%), respectively. The mean serum CD4 count of the patients at the beginning of antiretroviral therapy was measured at 284.241±284 and 377.19±271.41 cells /μl, respectively. The difference in the mean of serum CD4 count before and after antiretroviral therapy was revealed to be statistically significant (P=0.001). The most common clinical symptoms observed included cough and sputum (29.9%), oral aphthous ulcer (12.7%), weight loss (11.7%), and fever (7.4%). Based on the results of the study, there was a significant difference between the mean of platelet count, hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase at different levels of CD4 (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, serum CD4 levels rise with the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients; therefore, early antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with any serum CD4 level is of paramount importance.","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42882685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Basiri, M. Sabzehei, M. Solgi, S. Akbarzadeh, Somaye Ivazeh
Background and Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an evolutionary disorder in the retina of premature infants. Nowadays, the prevalence rate of retinopathy has increased due to the advancement of medical facilities and the increased survival of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of ROP and its related risk factors among infants admitted to and examined at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) affiliated to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all premature infants selected with census sampling methods and with a gestational age of fewer than 34 weeks who were hospitalized in NICU for four weeks or more. The premature infants were investigated regarding the incidence of retinopathy and its risk factors. Results: Out of 80 neonates under study, 24 (30%) cases suffered from ROP, of which 16 and 8 neonates were in stage I and II of ROP, respectively. Moreover, the mean gestational age of newborns was 29.71±2.16 weeks, and more than 75% of ROP were observed in neonates under 29 weeks' gestational age. In addition, the results revealed that ROP correlated significantly with gestational age, low birth weight, 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, the need to resuscitation, the use of inotropic drugs, and duration of oxygen therapy. However, there was a significant relationship between low birth weight and retinopathy based on the results obtained from logistic
背景与目的:早产儿视网膜病变(Retinopathy of prematurity, ROP)是早产儿视网膜的一种进化性疾病。如今，由于医疗设施的进步和早产儿存活率的增加，视网膜病变的患病率有所增加。本研究的目的是确定在哈马丹Fatemieh医院附属新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)住院和检查的婴儿中ROP的患病率及其相关危险因素。材料和方法:本描述性横断面研究采用人口普查抽样方法选取胎龄小于34周且在NICU住院4周及以上的所有早产儿。对早产儿视网膜病变的发生率及其危险因素进行调查。结果:80例新生儿中有24例(30%)发生ROP，其中16例为I期，8例为II期。平均胎龄为29.71±2.16周，29周以下的新生儿发生ROP的比例超过75%。此外，结果显示，ROP与胎龄、低出生体重、1分钟和5分钟Apgar评分、复苏需要、使用肌力药物和氧疗持续时间显著相关。然而，根据logistic分析结果，低出生体重与视网膜病变之间存在显著关系
{"title":"Frequency and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Newborns Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Hamadan","authors":"B. Basiri, M. Sabzehei, M. Solgi, S. Akbarzadeh, Somaye Ivazeh","doi":"10.29252/AJCM.26.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/AJCM.26.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an evolutionary disorder in the retina of premature infants. Nowadays, the prevalence rate of retinopathy has increased due to the advancement of medical facilities and the increased survival of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of ROP and its related risk factors among infants admitted to and examined at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) affiliated to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all premature infants selected with census sampling methods and with a gestational age of fewer than 34 weeks who were hospitalized in NICU for four weeks or more. The premature infants were investigated regarding the incidence of retinopathy and its risk factors. Results: Out of 80 neonates under study, 24 (30%) cases suffered from ROP, of which 16 and 8 neonates were in stage I and II of ROP, respectively. Moreover, the mean gestational age of newborns was 29.71±2.16 weeks, and more than 75% of ROP were observed in neonates under 29 weeks' gestational age. In addition, the results revealed that ROP correlated significantly with gestational age, low birth weight, 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, the need to resuscitation, the use of inotropic drugs, and duration of oxygen therapy. However, there was a significant relationship between low birth weight and retinopathy based on the results obtained from logistic","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41288660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Hypothermia induction has been proposed to improve the recovery process of stroke in the last two decades. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the recovery of patients with acute stroke. Materials and Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with acute stroke in 2018 in Hamadan, Iran. The patients were selected by available sampling method, and then randomly assigned into two equal-sized groups of intervention and control. Mild hypothermia was induced using a cooling device applied on the patients' head for a period of 72 h. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to collect the data. The results of both groups were compared with each other following the intervention. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: The results showed no significant difference between the mean scores obtained before and after the intervention in the control group (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the pre-intervention mean scores (P>0.05). However, the results revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean preand post-intervention scores of the intervention group (P<0.05). In this regard, the mean score of NIHSS was significantly reduced in the intervention group after the induction of hypothermia. Finally, the results were indicative of a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, noninvasively induced hypothermia has a significant clinical effect on acute stroke. Therefore, it can be argued that the use of hypothermia leads to the enhancement of consciousness level and reduction of mortality risk in patients with acute stroke. Consequently, this intervention is suggested to be considered the main therapeutic approach of acute stroke.
{"title":"Impact of Mild Hypothermia on the Recovery of Patients with Acute Stroke","authors":"A. Rozbahani, M. Rezaee, M. Khazaei","doi":"10.29252/AJCM.26.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/AJCM.26.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Hypothermia induction has been proposed to improve the recovery process of stroke in the last two decades. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the recovery of patients with acute stroke. Materials and Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with acute stroke in 2018 in Hamadan, Iran. The patients were selected by available sampling method, and then randomly assigned into two equal-sized groups of intervention and control. Mild hypothermia was induced using a cooling device applied on the patients' head for a period of 72 h. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to collect the data. The results of both groups were compared with each other following the intervention. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: The results showed no significant difference between the mean scores obtained before and after the intervention in the control group (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the pre-intervention mean scores (P>0.05). However, the results revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean preand post-intervention scores of the intervention group (P<0.05). In this regard, the mean score of NIHSS was significantly reduced in the intervention group after the induction of hypothermia. Finally, the results were indicative of a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, noninvasively induced hypothermia has a significant clinical effect on acute stroke. Therefore, it can be argued that the use of hypothermia leads to the enhancement of consciousness level and reduction of mortality risk in patients with acute stroke. Consequently, this intervention is suggested to be considered the main therapeutic approach of acute stroke.","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69850995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is among the five common cancers in males. It is second cancer in terms of the age-standardized rate (ASR) (ASR=16.6) in Iran. The rs2735839 G/A, an intergenic polymorphism is located on chromosome 19q13.33 at 600 base pairs of the KLK3 gene untranslatable region. This gene which codes prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used in the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between this polymorphism and prostate adenocarcinoma with PSA. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 103 and 100 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as case and control groups, respectively. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genotype of each participant regarding rs2735839 polymorphism. Results: There was a significant difference between the adenocarcinoma prostate and BPH groups regarding genotype frequency AG+AA (OR [95% CI]=4.991 [2.475-10.065], P=0.00). According to the results of statistical analysis, a significant difference was observed between the adenocarcinoma and BPH groups in terms of allele frequency (OR [95% CI]=3.927 [2.0857.397], P=0.00). Moreover, There was a significant difference between rs2735839 and PSA regarding the genotype frequency polymorphism (P=0.011). Conclusion: The results indicate that rs2735839 is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Iranian population. It is worth noting that a significant difference was found between the distribution of allele A and that of allele G with PSA levels of >10.
{"title":"Association between rs2735839 and Serum Prostate-specific Antigen Level Regarding Risk of Prostate Cancer in Iranian Population","authors":"B. Beikzadeh, S. Angaji, M. Abolhasani","doi":"10.21859/AJCM.26.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21859/AJCM.26.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is among the five common cancers in males. It is second cancer in terms of the age-standardized rate (ASR) (ASR=16.6) in Iran. The rs2735839 G/A, an intergenic polymorphism is located on chromosome 19q13.33 at 600 base pairs of the KLK3 gene untranslatable region. This gene which codes prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used in the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between this polymorphism and prostate adenocarcinoma with PSA. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 103 and 100 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as case and control groups, respectively. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genotype of each participant regarding rs2735839 polymorphism. Results: There was a significant difference between the adenocarcinoma prostate and BPH groups regarding genotype frequency AG+AA (OR [95% CI]=4.991 [2.475-10.065], P=0.00). According to the results of statistical analysis, a significant difference was observed between the adenocarcinoma and BPH groups in terms of allele frequency (OR [95% CI]=3.927 [2.0857.397], P=0.00). Moreover, There was a significant difference between rs2735839 and PSA regarding the genotype frequency polymorphism (P=0.011). Conclusion: The results indicate that rs2735839 is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Iranian population. It is worth noting that a significant difference was found between the distribution of allele A and that of allele G with PSA levels of >10.","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41833033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mona Moradi Motlagh, M. Nainian, L. Fata, M. Fesharaki, G. Ghaedi
Background and Objective: Several studies revealed that disgust as an emotional response underlies the contamination fears in Contamination Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Other studies supported the role of cognitions related to contagion and disease in contamination OCD. The present study aimed to integrate these two lines of evidence. To this end, regarding the concept of the behavioral immune system, it was investigated whether perceived vulnerability to infectious disease, as a cognitive component of the behavioral immune system, can moderate the relation between disgust, as the emotional component of this system, and symptoms of contamination OCD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 university students in Tehran University through cluster random sampling. The participants were asked to complete the Persian version of the disgust scale, perceived vulnerability to disease questionnaire, and Vancouver contamination subscale. The data were analyzed utilizing hierarchical regression analysis and post hoc tests. Results: The results revealed that perceived vulnerability to infectious disease moderated the relationship between the feeling of disgust and fear of contamination. According to the results, perceived infectability subscale which measures perceived weakness of one's immune system with more accuracy, can also exacerbate the relationship between the feeling of disgust and fear of contamination. Conclusion: The results of this study facilitate the understanding of the effect of disgust on fear of contamination, especially the role of cognitions about contagion and disease in potentiating the relation between disgust and contamination OCD. Moreover the obtained results generally provide evidence for the disease-avoidance theory in disgust and support the possible hyperactivity of the behavioral immune system in contamination OCD.
{"title":"Investigation of the Moderating Role of Perceived Vulnerability to Infectious Diseases Regarding the Relationship between Disgust and Fear of Contamination","authors":"Mona Moradi Motlagh, M. Nainian, L. Fata, M. Fesharaki, G. Ghaedi","doi":"10.21859/AJCM.26.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21859/AJCM.26.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Several studies revealed that disgust as an emotional response underlies the contamination fears in Contamination Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Other studies supported the role of cognitions related to contagion and disease in contamination OCD. The present study aimed to integrate these two lines of evidence. To this end, regarding the concept of the behavioral immune system, it was investigated whether perceived vulnerability to infectious disease, as a cognitive component of the behavioral immune system, can moderate the relation between disgust, as the emotional component of this system, and symptoms of contamination OCD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 university students in Tehran University through cluster random sampling. The participants were asked to complete the Persian version of the disgust scale, perceived vulnerability to disease questionnaire, and Vancouver contamination subscale. The data were analyzed utilizing hierarchical regression analysis and post hoc tests. Results: The results revealed that perceived vulnerability to infectious disease moderated the relationship between the feeling of disgust and fear of contamination. According to the results, perceived infectability subscale which measures perceived weakness of one's immune system with more accuracy, can also exacerbate the relationship between the feeling of disgust and fear of contamination. Conclusion: The results of this study facilitate the understanding of the effect of disgust on fear of contamination, especially the role of cognitions about contagion and disease in potentiating the relation between disgust and contamination OCD. Moreover the obtained results generally provide evidence for the disease-avoidance theory in disgust and support the possible hyperactivity of the behavioral immune system in contamination OCD.","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43102033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Fariba, N. Jiryaee, Chonoor Neshatyar, Masoud Tarbiat
Background and Objective: Venous thromboembolism is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Various environmental and genetic factors are known as risk factors for this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of risk factors in patients with venous thromboembolism admitted to Ekbatan and Farshchian hospitals in Hamadan from 2012 to 2017. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated all patients with venous thromboembolism who had medical records regarding risk factors of venous thromboembolism using census sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 21). Results: According to the results, out of 226 patients under study, 116 (51.3%) ones were male. Moreover, 103 (45.6%), 76 (33.6%), and 47 (20.8%) patients had deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and severe lung embolism with deep venous thrombosis, respectively. The mean±SD age of patients was 59.15±19.85 years. Moreover, the most frequent risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism include the history of hypertension (37.2%), recent hospitalization (29.6%), cardiovascular problems (27.5%), history of recent surgery (16.8%), history of intravenous thromboembolism (8.8% 16%), history of smoking (16.8%), statin use (15.5%), history of hyperlipidemia (13.7%), and catheterization
{"title":"Evaluation of the Frequency of Risk Factors in Venous Thromboembolic Patients Admitted to Ekbatan and Farshchian Hospitals in Hamadan from 2012 to 2017","authors":"F. Fariba, N. Jiryaee, Chonoor Neshatyar, Masoud Tarbiat","doi":"10.21859/AJCM.26.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21859/AJCM.26.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Venous thromboembolism is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Various environmental and genetic factors are known as risk factors for this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of risk factors in patients with venous thromboembolism admitted to Ekbatan and Farshchian hospitals in Hamadan from 2012 to 2017. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated all patients with venous thromboembolism who had medical records regarding risk factors of venous thromboembolism using census sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 21). Results: According to the results, out of 226 patients under study, 116 (51.3%) ones were male. Moreover, 103 (45.6%), 76 (33.6%), and 47 (20.8%) patients had deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and severe lung embolism with deep venous thrombosis, respectively. The mean±SD age of patients was 59.15±19.85 years. Moreover, the most frequent risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism include the history of hypertension (37.2%), recent hospitalization (29.6%), cardiovascular problems (27.5%), history of recent surgery (16.8%), history of intravenous thromboembolism (8.8% 16%), history of smoking (16.8%), statin use (15.5%), history of hyperlipidemia (13.7%), and catheterization","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41696263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zohreh Nasrabadi, M. Rakhshani, Hooman Ebadi, R. Akbarzadeh
Background and Objective: Neuropathic pain is one of the common, important, and irritating complications in diabetes. Despite the importance of this pain, there is still no effective treatment for that. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of evening primrose oil and gabapentin on neuropathic pain in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with diabetic neuropathy who obtained score 2 from the Michigan Questionnaire and referred to the Department of Endocrinology at Khayyam clinic affiliated to Hakim Hospital in Neyshabour from December 2017 to May 2018. The participants were divided into two groups of 35 people. The intervention group was treated with a capsule of evening primrose oil orally (1000 mg) twice daily for three months and gabapentin (300 mg) daily. On the other hand, the control group was treated with gabapentin (300 mg) and placebo. The neuropathy pain severity was measured before and after the end of three-month intervention using Michigan and McGill Pain Questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 21) through Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, multilevel logistic regression, Mann Whitney U test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the Chi-square tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the results obtained from the McGill questionnaire, the mean scores of neuropathy before the intervention were obtained at 10.12±0.57 and 9.85±0.65 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. However, the mean scores of neuropathy after the intervention were estimated at 6.18±0.48 and 8.31±0.60 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.02). Conclusion: Evening primrose oil is effective in reducing neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, this can be a supplementary treatment for reducing pain associated with diabetic neuropathy.
{"title":"Comparison of the Effect of Gabapentin and Evening Primrose Oil on Peripheral Neuropathy Pain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Zohreh Nasrabadi, M. Rakhshani, Hooman Ebadi, R. Akbarzadeh","doi":"10.29252/ajcm.26.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/ajcm.26.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Neuropathic pain is one of the common, important, and irritating complications in diabetes. Despite the importance of this pain, there is still no effective treatment for that. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of evening primrose oil and gabapentin on neuropathic pain in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with diabetic neuropathy who obtained score 2 from the Michigan Questionnaire and referred to the Department of Endocrinology at Khayyam clinic affiliated to Hakim Hospital in Neyshabour from December 2017 to May 2018. The participants were divided into two groups of 35 people. The intervention group was treated with a capsule of evening primrose oil orally (1000 mg) twice daily for three months and gabapentin (300 mg) daily. On the other hand, the control group was treated with gabapentin (300 mg) and placebo. The neuropathy pain severity was measured before and after the end of three-month intervention using Michigan and McGill Pain Questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 21) through Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, multilevel logistic regression, Mann Whitney U test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the Chi-square tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the results obtained from the McGill questionnaire, the mean scores of neuropathy before the intervention were obtained at 10.12±0.57 and 9.85±0.65 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. However, the mean scores of neuropathy after the intervention were estimated at 6.18±0.48 and 8.31±0.60 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.02). Conclusion: Evening primrose oil is effective in reducing neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, this can be a supplementary treatment for reducing pain associated with diabetic neuropathy.","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43325937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jafari, A. Dehghan, F. Esna-Ashari, S. Borzouei
Background and Objective: Thyroid nodules are among the most common clinical problems and the application of an inexpensive and accurate diagnostic method prevents performing inessential surgeries. In this regard, the aim of this study was to compare the cytologic report of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules with the results of thyroid surgery. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the patients who had referred to the clinic of Beheshti Hospital of Hamedan, Iran, due to thyroid nodule in 2017 underwent FNA. The samples were then sent to the pathology laboratory, and the cytology results were recorded in a checklist. Based on the cytology results, a portion of these cases was referred to undergo surgery. Following that, the sensitivity and specificity of cytology results of thyroid nodules were calculated in comparison to pathology results of the surgery sample. Results: Out of 115 studied patients, 18 (15.65%) and 97 (84.35%) subjects were male and female, respectively. The mean age of the subjects was 40.14±12.34 years. Most cases were in the form of the right-side unilateral nodule (46.1%). The number of benign and malignant cases diagnosed by the pathologist was 73 (63.48%) and 42 (36.52%), respectively. The specificity, sensitivity, as well as positive and negative predictive values obtained from the FNA of thyroid nodules by the pathologist, were reported as 82.98%, 95.56%, 89.04, and 92.68%, respectively. It is necessary to mention that the diagnostics accuracy of the pathologist associated with the results of surgery pathology was 90.43%. Conclusion: Performing FNA enjoys a relatively high specificity and sensitivity as an inexpensive, low-risk, and simple method in the differentiation of benign and malignant cases if it is performed precisely from the site of the nodule with adequate biopsy and properly examined
{"title":"Comparison of Cytologic Reports of Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules with Pathologic Results of Thyroid Surgery","authors":"A. Jafari, A. Dehghan, F. Esna-Ashari, S. Borzouei","doi":"10.29252/AJCM.26.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/AJCM.26.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Thyroid nodules are among the most common clinical problems and the application of an inexpensive and accurate diagnostic method prevents performing inessential surgeries. In this regard, the aim of this study was to compare the cytologic report of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules with the results of thyroid surgery. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the patients who had referred to the clinic of Beheshti Hospital of Hamedan, Iran, due to thyroid nodule in 2017 underwent FNA. The samples were then sent to the pathology laboratory, and the cytology results were recorded in a checklist. Based on the cytology results, a portion of these cases was referred to undergo surgery. Following that, the sensitivity and specificity of cytology results of thyroid nodules were calculated in comparison to pathology results of the surgery sample. Results: Out of 115 studied patients, 18 (15.65%) and 97 (84.35%) subjects were male and female, respectively. The mean age of the subjects was 40.14±12.34 years. Most cases were in the form of the right-side unilateral nodule (46.1%). The number of benign and malignant cases diagnosed by the pathologist was 73 (63.48%) and 42 (36.52%), respectively. The specificity, sensitivity, as well as positive and negative predictive values obtained from the FNA of thyroid nodules by the pathologist, were reported as 82.98%, 95.56%, 89.04, and 92.68%, respectively. It is necessary to mention that the diagnostics accuracy of the pathologist associated with the results of surgery pathology was 90.43%. Conclusion: Performing FNA enjoys a relatively high specificity and sensitivity as an inexpensive, low-risk, and simple method in the differentiation of benign and malignant cases if it is performed precisely from the site of the nodule with adequate biopsy and properly examined","PeriodicalId":52678,"journal":{"name":"pzshkhy blyny bn syn","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47587108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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