Photography testifies the works lost during the wars and the efforts to protect them and allows their transmission to future generations to perpetuate their memory or to allow their eventual restoration as it is the only remaining evidence of the buildings that have been destroyed, totally or partially. In Italy in 1915 it was decided to secure the most important mobile works of art by transporting them to shelters far from the front. As for the monuments, protection occurs in different ways. On the eve of the Second World War the problem recurs exponentially, air vehicles have made considerable progress and given the scarcity of resources, many monuments remain exposed. If in the First World War the loss of cultural heritage is relatively low, in the following the strategic bombings have caused profound destruction in addition to the great loss of human life. Finally, in the latest armed conflicts there is also a tendency to strike at the identity symbols of the enemy or the adverse religious ones.
{"title":"Distruzione, protezione e restauro in Italia a seguito di eventi bellici","authors":"D. Concas, Roberto Nadalin","doi":"10.36253/rar-14307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14307","url":null,"abstract":"Photography testifies the works lost during the wars and the efforts to protect them and allows their transmission to future generations to perpetuate their memory or to allow their eventual restoration as it is the only remaining evidence of the buildings that have been destroyed, totally or partially. In Italy in 1915 it was decided to secure the most important mobile works of art by transporting them to shelters far from the front. As for the monuments, protection occurs in different ways. On the eve of the Second World War the problem recurs exponentially, air vehicles have made considerable progress and given the scarcity of resources, many monuments remain exposed. If in the First World War the loss of cultural heritage is relatively low, in the following the strategic bombings have caused profound destruction in addition to the great loss of human life. Finally, in the latest armed conflicts there is also a tendency to strike at the identity symbols of the enemy or the adverse religious ones.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florence is known all over the world for its history, monuments, Museums, and artworks. Unfortunately, such precious manufacts are not always adequately protected against natural hazards. Works of art, indeed, are very vulnerable to seismic effects, due to their irregular and slender shapes, and their fragile materials. All these reasons make them vulnerable to seismic events even when they do not achieve a destructive intensity. The current Technical Codes point out such vulnerability, despite providing guidelines not completely adequate to prevent the seismic damage. In this frame, a research activity has started within the Department of Architecture of Florence aimed at investigating the dynamic response of artworks to seismic events, including both simplified form-filling and more detailed Finite Element analyses. In this work, the seismic performance of the marble statue “Oceanus” by Giambologna has been as- sessed by adopting three different analytical models.
{"title":"Florence and the Renaissance art works: the importance of the seismic safety","authors":"S. Viti, Francesco Trovatelli","doi":"10.36253/rar-14349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14349","url":null,"abstract":"Florence is known all over the world for its history, monuments, Museums, and artworks. Unfortunately, such precious manufacts are not always adequately protected against natural hazards. Works of art, indeed, are very vulnerable to seismic effects, due to their irregular and slender shapes, and their fragile materials. All these reasons make them vulnerable to seismic events even when they do not achieve a destructive intensity. The current Technical Codes point out such vulnerability, despite providing guidelines not completely adequate to prevent the seismic damage. In this frame, a research activity has started within the Department of Architecture of Florence aimed at investigating the dynamic response of artworks to seismic events, including both simplified form-filling and more detailed Finite Element analyses. In this work, the seismic performance of the marble statue “Oceanus” by Giambologna has been as- sessed by adopting three different analytical models.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45079094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adoption of the World Heritage Convention (WHC) in 1972 was the response to a world asking for peace after the destruction caused by the two world conflicts, particularly to cultural heritage (CH). UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) act as enablers in establishing strong and effective relationships among countries, people, culture and history, while influencing and attracting these elements to promote a positive national image and fostering mutual understanding, which is the main objective of cultural diplomacy (CD). This holds true also for China and this institutes the need to investigate on how UNESCO World Heritage acts as a strategic asset in Chinese CD. This paper will provide an empirical framework addressing the position of WHS embedded in the Chinese CD. Discussion on the growing Chinese involvement of WHS in cultural projects fostering international relations and considerations on the potential impact and future development of this phenomenon with regards to China and the WHC are offered.
{"title":"UNESCO World Heritage Sites in China’s cultural diplomacy: Fostering mutual understanding along the Silk Roads","authors":"Martina Tullio, Gianluca Sampaolo","doi":"10.36253/rar-14355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14355","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of the World Heritage Convention (WHC) in 1972 was the response to a world asking for peace after the destruction caused by the two world conflicts, particularly to cultural heritage (CH). UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) act as enablers in establishing strong and effective relationships among countries, people, culture and history, while influencing and attracting these elements to promote a positive national image and fostering mutual understanding, which is the main objective of cultural diplomacy (CD). This holds true also for China and this institutes the need to investigate on how UNESCO World Heritage acts as a strategic asset in Chinese CD. This paper will provide an empirical framework addressing the position of WHS embedded in the Chinese CD. Discussion on the growing Chinese involvement of WHS in cultural projects fostering international relations and considerations on the potential impact and future development of this phenomenon with regards to China and the WHC are offered.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45505034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of the curricular internship activity carried out at the University of Bologna for the master's degree program Engineering of Building Processes and Systems, curriculum Historic Building Rehabilitation under the guidance of Professors Alessia Zampini and Leila Signorelli, it was possible to analyze the concepts of authenticity and monuments. The goal was to analyze how these concepts were interpreted for nine historic centers belonging to the UNESCO World Heritage List: Lyon, Provins, and Albi; Florence, Pienza and Urbino; Cordoba, Toledo e Ávila. The analysis revealed that the historic centers represent the development of a multitude of concepts of authenticities and monuments that can ultimately be assimilated into a single entity. Despite their geographical expansion several projects allowed historic centers to preserve their distinctive features, while maintaining the values of authenticity and outstanding universal value throughout the centuries.
{"title":"50 Years After the World Heritage Convention. An analysis of the evolution of the concepts of Monuments and Authenticity","authors":"Alessandra Pica","doi":"10.36253/rar-14280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14280","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the curricular internship activity carried out at the University of Bologna for the master's degree program Engineering of Building Processes and Systems, curriculum Historic Building Rehabilitation under the guidance of Professors Alessia Zampini and Leila Signorelli, it was possible to analyze the concepts of authenticity and monuments. The goal was to analyze how these concepts were interpreted for nine historic centers belonging to the UNESCO World Heritage List: Lyon, Provins, and Albi; Florence, Pienza and Urbino; Cordoba, Toledo e Ávila. The analysis revealed that the historic centers represent the development of a multitude of concepts of authenticities and monuments that can ultimately be assimilated into a single entity. Despite their geographical expansion several projects allowed historic centers to preserve their distinctive features, while maintaining the values of authenticity and outstanding universal value throughout the centuries.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural heritage, in the educational and training sphere, is of great impact due to its multidimensional and multidisciplinary being. Promotes a relationship of knowledge and conscious identity with the territory; it offers ways of inter- acting with cultural resources, allowing the school to guarantee pupils well-being, educational success and above all operational autonomy, through creativity and productivity. In this way, students become “producers” of content - complex and structured - and digital architectures. The digital skills of students allow them to learn, participating in society, characterized by cultural diversity, with a critical and responsible spirit, developing emotions and enhancing places and cultures. The specific tools used are all open source platforms, which allow a transfer between the virtual world and the real world, through collaboration and sharing.
{"title":"Tecnologie digitali e consapevolezza culturale","authors":"Marco Di Paolo, Stefania Raschi","doi":"10.36253/rar-14319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14319","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural heritage, in the educational and training sphere, is of great impact due to its multidimensional and multidisciplinary being. Promotes a relationship of knowledge and conscious identity with the territory; it offers ways of inter- acting with cultural resources, allowing the school to guarantee pupils well-being, educational success and above all operational autonomy, through creativity and productivity. In this way, students become “producers” of content - complex and structured - and digital architectures. The digital skills of students allow them to learn, participating in society, characterized by cultural diversity, with a critical and responsible spirit, developing emotions and enhancing places and cultures. The specific tools used are all open source platforms, which allow a transfer between the virtual world and the real world, through collaboration and sharing.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46282897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the time of the signing of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage the Oljeitu Mausoleum at Soltaniyeh in Iran was already the subject of an international programme of restoration and conservation, in the spirit of collaboration that was to be sanctioned by the same convention. The designer and person in charge of these works was Piero Sanpaolesi. He was already a consultant for the United Nations Organisation and in those same years he directed the Institute of Restoration of Monuments at the Faculty of Architecture in Florence and headed the institution of the same name that he founded at the University of Tehran. The mausoleum commissioned in the early 14th century by Oljeitu, the eighth ruler of the Ilkhān dynasty, in Soltani- yeh, is covered by a dome, made of masonry with a double calotte, which bears similarities to Brunelleschi's dome in Santa Maria del Fiore, and is the third largest in the world. In July 2005 in Durban, the Mausoleum of Oljeitu in Soltaniyeh was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Fifty years after the first restoration work, it is possible to take stock of the effects that the activities carried out, in the spirit of the Heritage Convention, have had on this particular UNESCO site.
{"title":"Il mausoleo di Oljeitu a Soltaniyeh in Iran. Bilanci e prospettive per un sito UNESCO","authors":"F. Pisani","doi":"10.36253/rar-14281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14281","url":null,"abstract":"At the time of the signing of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage the Oljeitu Mausoleum at Soltaniyeh in Iran was already the subject of an international programme of restoration and conservation, in the spirit of collaboration that was to be sanctioned by the same convention. The designer and person in charge of these works was Piero Sanpaolesi. He was already a consultant for the United Nations Organisation and in those same years he directed the Institute of Restoration of Monuments at the Faculty of Architecture in Florence and headed the institution of the same name that he founded at the University of Tehran. The mausoleum commissioned in the early 14th century by Oljeitu, the eighth ruler of the Ilkhān dynasty, in Soltani- yeh, is covered by a dome, made of masonry with a double calotte, which bears similarities to Brunelleschi's dome in Santa Maria del Fiore, and is the third largest in the world. In July 2005 in Durban, the Mausoleum of Oljeitu in Soltaniyeh was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Fifty years after the first restoration work, it is possible to take stock of the effects that the activities carried out, in the spirit of the Heritage Convention, have had on this particular UNESCO site.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47623435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Located in modern-day eastern Türkiye, Ani was the ancient capital of the prosperous Armenian Bagratid period in the Middle Ages renowned as the “City of 1,001 Churches”. Unfortunately, due to a series of massive earthquakes, shifting trade routes and periodic conflict, Ani’s great buildings were abandoned before the 17th century, leaving the expansive ruins of the city unattended and exposed to the elements. World Monuments Fund (WMF) has maintained a presence at the site in Kars Province, Türkiye since its inclusion on the 1996 World Monuments Watch, which raised international awareness of the need for protection of this significant built fabric. The decades-long project has integrated professionals from Türkiye, Armenia, Iran, Russia and the United States, making the preservation of Ani a truly international endeavor and establishing a model for project-focused international collaboration. This paper sets forth some of the key considerations and components in the establishment of a collaborative preservation that facilitates regional coordination, international cooperation, and global cultural exchange.
{"title":"Civilization Lost and Re-discovered, International Efforts for Advocacy and Conservation of Ani Archaeological Site","authors":"H. Chao, J. Bell","doi":"10.36253/rar-14303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14303","url":null,"abstract":"Located in modern-day eastern Türkiye, Ani was the ancient capital of the prosperous Armenian Bagratid period in the Middle Ages renowned as the “City of 1,001 Churches”. Unfortunately, due to a series of massive earthquakes, shifting trade routes and periodic conflict, Ani’s great buildings were abandoned before the 17th century, leaving the expansive ruins of the city unattended and exposed to the elements. World Monuments Fund (WMF) has maintained a presence at the site in Kars Province, Türkiye since its inclusion on the 1996 World Monuments Watch, which raised international awareness of the need for protection of this significant built fabric. The decades-long project has integrated professionals from Türkiye, Armenia, Iran, Russia and the United States, making the preservation of Ani a truly international endeavor and establishing a model for project-focused international collaboration. This paper sets forth some of the key considerations and components in the establishment of a collaborative preservation that facilitates regional coordination, international cooperation, and global cultural exchange.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45889858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural heritage is recognized as a driver of the sustainable development. The UNESCO’s 1972 World Heritage Convention has addressed key topics that link heritage practices to sustainability objectives. Historic buildings make up a considerable part of EU building stock, and their renovation and safeguarding require retrofit solutions that balance safety, energy efficiency, human comfort, heritage value preservation and environmental sustainability. This article tries to throw light on innovative techniques for heritage restoration based on sustainability, reuse, and recycle principles through non-invasive interventions. The work outlines the progress in the field of advanced materials obtained through the reuse of recycled materials, showing outcomes from MIRACLE research carried out by University of Florence on the development of an innovative fiber-reinforced bio-composite matrix to be applied for energy plus seismic retrofitting of existing masonry buildings built before 1945.
{"title":"Innovative techniques integrating advanced and bio-composite materials for energy and seismic retrofitting of built heritage","authors":"Rosa Romano, A. Donato, V. Alecci, P. Gallo","doi":"10.36253/rar-14342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14342","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural heritage is recognized as a driver of the sustainable development. The UNESCO’s 1972 World Heritage Convention has addressed key topics that link heritage practices to sustainability objectives. Historic buildings make up a considerable part of EU building stock, and their renovation and safeguarding require retrofit solutions that balance safety, energy efficiency, human comfort, heritage value preservation and environmental sustainability. This article tries to throw light on innovative techniques for heritage restoration based on sustainability, reuse, and recycle principles through non-invasive interventions. The work outlines the progress in the field of advanced materials obtained through the reuse of recycled materials, showing outcomes from MIRACLE research carried out by University of Florence on the development of an innovative fiber-reinforced bio-composite matrix to be applied for energy plus seismic retrofitting of existing masonry buildings built before 1945.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44821737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroki YamadA, S. Satoh, Shigeo Tanaka, Y. Hirai, Susumu Kawahara, K. Sugano
This paper focused on the first imperial Mausoleum of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam, Emperor Gia Long (reigned 1802-20), which is one of the components of the World Heritage property [Complex of Hué Monuments]. The paper discussed the relationship between the Gia Long Mausoleum (after this GLM) and its territory from the aspects of "Shan-Shui design", "water management system suitable to tropical monsoon climate" and "symbiosis with local com- munities". This study also revealed that the current protected area is only a tiny part of the area that Gia Long planned by deciphering an old drawing which expresses the ideal worldview of Gia Long and an old map which shows the forbidden area in that era. These research findings contribute to expanding and deepening the OUV of GLM, which was not fully taken into account when the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1993 and provide a basis for establishing the appropriate protected area of GLM.
{"title":"Methodology for Establishing the Appropriate Protected Area based on the Analysis of Old Drawings In case of Gia Long Mausoleum, Hue","authors":"Hiroki YamadA, S. Satoh, Shigeo Tanaka, Y. Hirai, Susumu Kawahara, K. Sugano","doi":"10.36253/rar-14350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14350","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focused on the first imperial Mausoleum of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam, Emperor Gia Long (reigned 1802-20), which is one of the components of the World Heritage property [Complex of Hué Monuments]. The paper discussed the relationship between the Gia Long Mausoleum (after this GLM) and its territory from the aspects of \"Shan-Shui design\", \"water management system suitable to tropical monsoon climate\" and \"symbiosis with local com- munities\". This study also revealed that the current protected area is only a tiny part of the area that Gia Long planned by deciphering an old drawing which expresses the ideal worldview of Gia Long and an old map which shows the forbidden area in that era. These research findings contribute to expanding and deepening the OUV of GLM, which was not fully taken into account when the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1993 and provide a basis for establishing the appropriate protected area of GLM.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":"120 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By the end of the 1990s in France, the first labels have been created to distinguish the singularity of 20th-century architecture. However, a large part of its building stock suffers from energy deficiencies, and most of them need major retrofitting to align with today’s habitability standards. If current technologies offer a wide array of devices that meet performance demands, their implementation does not always comply with heritage protection goals. As part of a transdisciplinary research project, our team studies the acceptability and feasibility of the renovation of various buildings of the 20th-century, using “the ventilated double-skin”. The goal is to set renovation protocols that incorporate architectural and cultural evaluation in the technical analysis of energy and comfort needs. In this paper, we present our methodology and first results and aim to highlight the importance of complementary approaches to help inform sustainable interventions on this unique heritage.
{"title":"20th-Century architectural heritage adaptation to present climate challenges: Interdisciplinary methods for a rational intervention","authors":"Myriame Ali-oualla, Caroline Mazel","doi":"10.36253/rar-14284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14284","url":null,"abstract":"By the end of the 1990s in France, the first labels have been created to distinguish the singularity of 20th-century architecture. However, a large part of its building stock suffers from energy deficiencies, and most of them need major retrofitting to align with today’s habitability standards. If current technologies offer a wide array of devices that meet performance demands, their implementation does not always comply with heritage protection goals. As part of a transdisciplinary research project, our team studies the acceptability and feasibility of the renovation of various buildings of the 20th-century, using “the ventilated double-skin”. The goal is to set renovation protocols that incorporate architectural and cultural evaluation in the technical analysis of energy and comfort needs. In this paper, we present our methodology and first results and aim to highlight the importance of complementary approaches to help inform sustainable interventions on this unique heritage.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42623243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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