After a long and complex process, the porticoes of Bologna were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List at the 44th session of the International Committee held in Fuzhou, China, on 16-31 July 2021. Among the aspects emphasised was the extraordinary adaptability of the asset, which has been intermediating public and private space since the 12th century. In the second half of the 20th century, the updating of technologies, materials and ways of living confirmed the importance of the portico even in the suburbs, leading to the construction of fine examples such as the one in the Barca district, designed by Giuseppe Vaccaro. Included in the UNESCO selection, on the one hand this portico courageously opens up to the contemporary, while on the other hand it imposes a reflection on the most recent interpretations of the asset. Among these, one should at least consider Kenzo Tange's arcades at the Fiera District, which, due to their historical and urban value, deserve to be included in the UNESCO selection through a Minor Boundary Modification.
{"title":"The Porticoes of Bologna and contemporary architecture. A proposal for a Minor Boundary Modification towards Kenzo Tange","authors":"M. Pretelli, I. Tolic","doi":"10.36253/rar-14282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14282","url":null,"abstract":"After a long and complex process, the porticoes of Bologna were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List at the 44th session of the International Committee held in Fuzhou, China, on 16-31 July 2021. Among the aspects emphasised was the extraordinary adaptability of the asset, which has been intermediating public and private space since the 12th century. In the second half of the 20th century, the updating of technologies, materials and ways of living confirmed the importance of the portico even in the suburbs, leading to the construction of fine examples such as the one in the Barca district, designed by Giuseppe Vaccaro. Included in the UNESCO selection, on the one hand this portico courageously opens up to the contemporary, while on the other hand it imposes a reflection on the most recent interpretations of the asset. Among these, one should at least consider Kenzo Tange's arcades at the Fiera District, which, due to their historical and urban value, deserve to be included in the UNESCO selection through a Minor Boundary Modification.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42886252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite studies highlighting UNESCO's role in building a world in peace, the link between cultural heritage, human rights and social relations may also trigger social and/or ethnic conflicts. The contribution reveals these dynamics through an investigation of the events that took place during the 40th Committee of the World Heritage Center, held in Istanbul in July 2016 in which the the Armenian archaeological site Ani was inscribed in the UNESCO list. On the same occasion, in an unofficial way, there were discussions on the interventions of the Turkish army in another site registered in the 2015 list "Cultural landscape of the Diyarbakır fortress" characterized by a predominantly Kurdish population. Activist groups denounced the destruction of Kurdish heritage and memory by the Turkish army accusing UNESCO of taking an indifferent position. The contribution highlights the consequences that precede and follow the processes of registration in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.
{"title":"Patrimonio per la Pace in un Mondo Pieno di Conflitti","authors":"Mesut Dinler","doi":"10.36253/rar-14351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14351","url":null,"abstract":"Despite studies highlighting UNESCO's role in building a world in peace, the link between cultural heritage, human rights and social relations may also trigger social and/or ethnic conflicts. The contribution reveals these dynamics through an investigation of the events that took place during the 40th Committee of the World Heritage Center, held in Istanbul in July 2016 in which the the Armenian archaeological site Ani was inscribed in the UNESCO list. On the same occasion, in an unofficial way, there were discussions on the interventions of the Turkish army in another site registered in the 2015 list \"Cultural landscape of the Diyarbakır fortress\" characterized by a predominantly Kurdish population. Activist groups denounced the destruction of Kurdish heritage and memory by the Turkish army accusing UNESCO of taking an indifferent position. The contribution highlights the consequences that precede and follow the processes of registration in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49057118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The UNESCO cultural heritage includes constructions that require maintenance actions as they are subject to natural degradation, neglect, vandalism, and fraudulent collecting. While re-evaluating the original function or identifying a new one, the restoration with materials/components that do not respect the historical-cultural and technical-constructive features must be avoided. Rather, it would be necessary to re-adopt the ancient practice of the spolium and favouring with methodological rigour the recovery, cataloguing and marketing of deconstructed materials, valuable for their characteristics and workmanship and therefore deserving to be relocated in works of equal value. Starting from the analysis of the web marketplaces dedicated to the recycling/reuse of "construction and demolition waste", we analysed potentialities and limits of a process able to transform valuable stone elements into resources, respecting the construction on which we intervene and the one from which components come, to guarantee the continuity of memory.
{"title":"Marketplace per elementi lapidei di pregio: un’innovativa opportunità per la salvaguardia del patrimonio UNESCO","authors":"Alessandra Cernaro, O. Fiandaca","doi":"10.36253/rar-14302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14302","url":null,"abstract":"The UNESCO cultural heritage includes constructions that require maintenance actions as they are subject to natural degradation, neglect, vandalism, and fraudulent collecting. While re-evaluating the original function or identifying a new one, the restoration with materials/components that do not respect the historical-cultural and technical-constructive features must be avoided. Rather, it would be necessary to re-adopt the ancient practice of the spolium and favouring with methodological rigour the recovery, cataloguing and marketing of deconstructed materials, valuable for their characteristics and workmanship and therefore deserving to be relocated in works of equal value. Starting from the analysis of the web marketplaces dedicated to the recycling/reuse of \"construction and demolition waste\", we analysed potentialities and limits of a process able to transform valuable stone elements into resources, respecting the construction on which we intervene and the one from which components come, to guarantee the continuity of memory.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47506274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essay aims to investigate the relationship between monument and city through a study focused on the construction of Modern Tirana (Albania). The study of the buildings constructed between 1939 and 1943 is important for understanding the relationship between the built environment and the landscape - a condition lost in subsequent urban developments- and for the attention towards a fragile heritage at high risk. The issues of knowledge and conservation are extremely relevant and current in a context, such as Albania, where a major urban transformation is occurring and has already seen the loss of important testimonial traces of modern heritage. In this regard, it is emphasized the need to pay attention to architectures whose great fragility, in terms of recognition of material and immaterial value and conservation, compromises their transmission to future generations.
{"title":"Il patrimonio della Tirana Moderna: il rapporto tra monumento e città","authors":"Corrado Castagnaro","doi":"10.36253/rar-14301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14301","url":null,"abstract":"The essay aims to investigate the relationship between monument and city through a study focused on the construction of Modern Tirana (Albania). The study of the buildings constructed between 1939 and 1943 is important for understanding the relationship between the built environment and the landscape - a condition lost in subsequent urban developments- and for the attention towards a fragile heritage at high risk. The issues of knowledge and conservation are extremely relevant and current in a context, such as Albania, where a major urban transformation is occurring and has already seen the loss of important testimonial traces of modern heritage. In this regard, it is emphasized the need to pay attention to architectures whose great fragility, in terms of recognition of material and immaterial value and conservation, compromises their transmission to future generations.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43543466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European rural landscape has been designed for centuries by the art of the construction of dry stone walls and by the arrangement of terraced bands, becoming a cultural expression of identity common also to rural contexts geographically distant from each other. In 2018, eight European countries obtained the transnational recognition of the “Art of dry stone walls” in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. The contribution questions, on the basis of some case studies, how UNESCO recognition can concretely favor the start of that necessary support for studies and conservation of the knowledge preserved in the experience of the workers, who often lack professional recognition and regulatory support. It also proposes an analysis on the processes of protection, management, enhancement and conservation of this cultural heritage. If some case studies express guidelines and identifiable as repeatable good practices, others appear to be the lack of adequate policies for the protection of value landscapes.
{"title":"“L’arte dei muri a secco”, confronti tra esperienze per la conservazione del patrimonio culturale dei paesaggi rurali","authors":"Z. Barone, Francesco Marchese","doi":"10.36253/rar-14288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14288","url":null,"abstract":"The European rural landscape has been designed for centuries by the art of the construction of dry stone walls and by the arrangement of terraced bands, becoming a cultural expression of identity common also to rural contexts geographically distant from each other. In 2018, eight European countries obtained the transnational recognition of the “Art of dry stone walls” in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. The contribution questions, on the basis of some case studies, how UNESCO recognition can concretely favor the start of that necessary support for studies and conservation of the knowledge preserved in the experience of the workers, who often lack professional recognition and regulatory support. It also proposes an analysis on the processes of protection, management, enhancement and conservation of this cultural heritage. If some case studies express guidelines and identifiable as repeatable good practices, others appear to be the lack of adequate policies for the protection of value landscapes.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy in Piedmont entered the World Heritage List in 1997: they are elements of a serial site, monumental architecture, gardens and parks, which characterise the former capital city (Turin) and a vast extra-urban territorial segment, on which many restoration and valorisation policies have focused in recent years. However, in their heterogeneity, each of the assets reveals some unresolved spaces, which institutional protection must oversee and simultaneously express particular cultural potential. The contribution aims to illustrate projects developed in contact with the management reality of some of these Residences, in particular Aglié, Govone and Racconigi, in agreement with the preservation institutes and owners. Cogent issues in the debate on restoration emerge, such as, among others, the search for a balance between conservation and innovation and the pursuit of quality in intervention, in the face of a renewed cultural demand affected by the difficult historical period we are going through.
{"title":"Spazi in attesa nelle Residenze Sabaude, Patrimonio Mondiale dal 1997. Previsioni di restauro e messa a sistema nell’obiettivo della sostenibilità culturale","authors":"Monica Naretto","doi":"10.36253/rar-14332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14332","url":null,"abstract":"The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy in Piedmont entered the World Heritage List in 1997: they are elements of a serial site, monumental architecture, gardens and parks, which characterise the former capital city (Turin) and a vast extra-urban territorial segment, on which many restoration and valorisation policies have focused in recent years. However, in their heterogeneity, each of the assets reveals some unresolved spaces, which institutional protection must oversee and simultaneously express particular cultural potential. The contribution aims to illustrate projects developed in contact with the management reality of some of these Residences, in particular Aglié, Govone and Racconigi, in agreement with the preservation institutes and owners. Cogent issues in the debate on restoration emerge, such as, among others, the search for a balance between conservation and innovation and the pursuit of quality in intervention, in the face of a renewed cultural demand affected by the difficult historical period we are going through.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46058144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmara (the first African country to be inscribed on the World Heritage list since 2017) is a city of great architectural interest, with many buildings of Italian Rationalism (with local stylistic variations) highlighting the architectural and urban planning periods of Modernism. Asmara, today, preserves this heritage despite decades of wars and political instability, as well as difficult maintenance and restoration work. The aim of the research is to highlight the technological and constructive aspects of these architectures and to safeguard their originality (as described in the UNESCO Dossier). Today, the patents and construction solutions of these architectures are little researched, but they represent the essence of these works and the architectural and experimental season of those times. The research and classification of this heritage, with “deconstruction” approach, represents the methodological solution to preserve the 'material' and 'immaterial' value of these architectures.
{"title":"Un patrimonio celato fra le architetture moderne di Asmara: avanguardie e sperimentazioni costruttive italiane in terra d’Oltremare","authors":"G. Carbonara, Pier Pasquale Trausi","doi":"10.36253/rar-14300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-14300","url":null,"abstract":"Asmara (the first African country to be inscribed on the World Heritage list since 2017) is a city of great architectural interest, with many buildings of Italian Rationalism (with local stylistic variations) highlighting the architectural and urban planning periods of Modernism. Asmara, today, preserves this heritage despite decades of wars and political instability, as well as difficult maintenance and restoration work. The aim of the research is to highlight the technological and constructive aspects of these architectures and to safeguard their originality (as described in the UNESCO Dossier). Today, the patents and construction solutions of these architectures are little researched, but they represent the essence of these works and the architectural and experimental season of those times. The research and classification of this heritage, with “deconstruction” approach, represents the methodological solution to preserve the 'material' and 'immaterial' value of these architectures.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46990748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The archaeoseismological study of a number of contexts affected by historical earthquakes provides a more complete understanding of the seismic impacts had on architecture as well as restoration techniques used in the aftermath of these events. The PROTECT project is part of this line of research, funded by the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program of the European Union, and aims to apply, on an experimental basis, methods of archaeoseismological analysis to a portion of the historic center of Siena (Tuscany), in order to acquire further knowledge on the context of study from the point of view of seismic prevention. In this paper only the first steps of the project, begun in December 2021 and focused on the study of the Terzo di Città, are presented. The contribution focuses in particular on the proposal of a theoretical framework for the creation of a database designed to answer precise chrono-typological queries.
对受历史地震影响的许多背景进行的考古地震学研究，使我们更全面地了解了地震对建筑的影响以及这些事件后使用的修复技术。PROTECT项目是这一研究领域的一部分，由欧盟地平线2020研究和创新计划资助，旨在在实验的基础上，将古地震学分析方法应用于锡耶纳（托斯卡纳）历史中心的一部分地区，以便从防震的角度进一步了解研究背景。在本文中，仅介绍了该项目的第一步，该项目始于2021年12月，重点是对Terzo di Città的研究。该贡献特别侧重于提出一个理论框架，用于创建一个数据库，以回答精确的时间类型查询。
{"title":"Archaeology and earthquakes in Siena (Italy). Preliminary results from the survey of the historical buildings in the Terzo di Città","authors":"A. Arrighetti, Valeria Razzante, H. Dessales","doi":"10.36253/rar-13099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-13099","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeoseismological study of a number of contexts affected by historical earthquakes provides a more complete understanding of the seismic impacts had on architecture as well as restoration techniques used in the aftermath of these events. The PROTECT project is part of this line of research, funded by the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program of the European Union, and aims to apply, on an experimental basis, methods of archaeoseismological analysis to a portion of the historic center of Siena (Tuscany), in order to acquire further knowledge on the context of study from the point of view of seismic prevention. In this paper only the first steps of the project, begun in December 2021 and focused on the study of the Terzo di Città, are presented. The contribution focuses in particular on the proposal of a theoretical framework for the creation of a database designed to answer precise chrono-typological queries.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study on the villa of Rusciano aims to know the different forms of the historical building and to analyze the phases of a complex evolutionary history as well as to provide an analysis of the state of preservation. The investigation, based on the architectural survey, on the archival sources and on a careful examination of the literature, has led to investigate the main phases of transformation of the building and the stratifications occurredover time, in order to allow a reading of the qualitative elements and identity values to be preserved.
{"title":"Villa di Rusciano a Firenze. Indagini e metodi conoscitivi verso una valorizzazione","authors":"P. Bordoni","doi":"10.36253/rar-12961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-12961","url":null,"abstract":"The study on the villa of Rusciano aims to know the different forms of the historical building and to analyze the phases of a complex evolutionary history as well as to provide an analysis of the state of preservation. The investigation, based on the architectural survey, on the archival sources and on a careful examination of the literature, has led to investigate the main phases of transformation of the building and the stratifications occurredover time, in order to allow a reading of the qualitative elements and identity values to be preserved.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42425343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2019, during the centenary of De Carlo’s birth, Massimo Cacciari spoke about immaterial architecture as a possible new frontier of architectural research of our time. During the Cold War, new networks were created in Italy, beyond national borders, based on international dialogues and artistic collaborations. After the analysis of some phenomena that characterized the Cold War and the creative processes of architectural production in the twentieth century, this research describes some projects and writings of Giancarlo De Carlo and Vittoriano Viganò. The contribution outlines the influence of Cold War policies on the works of these Masters under the banner of two slogans: “Anarchist Architecture” and “Interrupted Sign”. According to these aspects, it is possible to emphasize the presence of a root of architectural design that tends to the formal disintegration of architecture.
2019年，在迪卡洛诞辰一百周年之际，马西莫·卡奇亚里谈到非物质建筑可能成为我们这个时代建筑研究的新前沿。冷战期间，在国际对话和艺术合作的基础上，意大利在国界之外建立了新的网络。在分析了冷战时期的一些现象和20世纪建筑创作过程之后，本研究描述了Giancarlo De Carlo和Vittoriano Viganå的一些项目和作品。这篇文章以“无政府主义建筑”和“中断的标志”两个口号概述了冷战政策对这些大师作品的影响。根据这些方面，可以强调建筑设计的根源的存在，这种根源倾向于建筑的形式解体。
{"title":"L’influenza della Guerra fredda sull’architettura italiana. Due Maestri a confronto: Giancarlo De Carlo e Vittoriano Viganò","authors":"O. Longo","doi":"10.36253/rar-12137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/rar-12137","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, during the centenary of De Carlo’s birth, Massimo Cacciari spoke about immaterial architecture as a possible new frontier of architectural research of our time. During the Cold War, new networks were created in Italy, beyond national borders, based on international dialogues and artistic collaborations. After the analysis of some phenomena that characterized the Cold War and the creative processes of architectural production in the twentieth century, this research describes some projects and writings of Giancarlo De Carlo and Vittoriano Viganò. The contribution outlines the influence of Cold War policies on the works of these Masters under the banner of two slogans: “Anarchist Architecture” and “Interrupted Sign”. According to these aspects, it is possible to emphasize the presence of a root of architectural design that tends to the formal disintegration of architecture.","PeriodicalId":52938,"journal":{"name":"Restauro Archeologico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42805277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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