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Standartization and Terminography of New Construction Terms 新建筑术语的标准化和术语
Pub Date : 2011-06-21 DOI: 10.3846/CPE.2011.01
Zofija Babickienė
Per pastarąjį desimtmetį lietuvių kalboje stebimas akivaizdus statybos srities termininės leksikos antplūdis. Todėl būtina naujus sios srities terminus, terminoidus, kvaziterminus kaupti, sisteminti ir vertinti pagal kalbos, logikos ir terminologijos reikalavimus. Straipsnyje teminiu principu nagrinėjami į kalbą patenkantys, palyginti, nauji statybos terminai kalbos normos požiūriu ir terminografijos aspektu. Nustatyta, kad kai kurie vienažodžiai, dvižodžiai ir trižodžiai statybos srities terminai kalbos normos aspektu yra visiskai taisyklingi ir turėtų papildyti naują Statybos terminų žodyno laidą ir Lietuvos Respublikos terminų duomenų baze. Tyrimas parodė, kaip į bendrine kalbą skverbiasi nepageidautinų terminų, jų morfologinių variantų ir sinonimų, nurodomos netaisyklingų terminų radimosi priežastys. Iskelta būtinybė Statybos terminų žodyno (moksl. red. akad. A. Kudzys 2003) turinį (t. y. 23 000 terminų) perkelti į elektronine visiems prieinamą terpe.
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引用次数: 0
Motives for the Choice of Studies – Unique Study Programmes and Their Publication (the Survey of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University) 选择学习的动机-独特的学习计划及其出版(维尔纽斯格迪米纳斯技术大学调查)
Pub Date : 2011-06-21 DOI: 10.3846/CPE.2011.07
Rasa Levickaitė
In the school year of 2009–2010 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University initiated the the survey of motives for studies at this university. The aim of the research is to conduct a survey among first year undergraduate students and find out motives for their choise to study at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Due to weaknesses of national science and studies system, devaluation of diplomas, outdated teaching methods, scien- tific research unproductivity and simulation, lack of attention to the student, ineffective study loans system, discrimination of private study institutions and their students, etc., a new Science and Study Law was initiated in 2009.  Thus new challenges to the country, universities, and university communities arise. Future students are becoming more aware studying opportunities both within the country and abroad. Motives and choices of studies are determined by more complex approaches and levers. The article analyses a survey is based on responses of first year undergraduates of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The objective of the survey is to find out why and how students have chosen to study at this university. The purpose of the article is to identify these motives, provide analysis and assessment of survey data.
在2009-2010学年,维尔纽斯格迪米纳斯技术大学发起了该大学学习动机的调查。这项研究的目的是对一年级本科生进行调查,找出他们选择在维尔纽斯Gediminas技术大学学习的动机。由于国家科教体制的薄弱、学历贬值、教学方法落后、科研效率低下、科研模拟、对学生的不重视、助学贷款制度无效、对民办院校及其学生的歧视等问题,2009年颁布了新的《科教法》。因此,国家、大学和大学社区面临新的挑战。未来的学生越来越意识到国内和国外的学习机会。研究的动机和选择是由更复杂的方法和杠杆决定的。本文对维尔纽斯格迪米纳斯技术大学一年级本科生的调查结果进行了分析。调查的目的是找出学生为什么和如何选择在这所大学学习。本文的目的是识别这些动机,提供调查数据的分析和评估。
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引用次数: 0
Typical Collocations in the Judgments on Appeal of the European Court of Justice 欧洲法院上诉判决中的典型搭配
Pub Date : 2011-06-21 DOI: 10.3846/CPE.2011.08
D. Macko
The research paper aims to identify typical collocations frequently used in the appellate judgments of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and to compare their use with the general English language. The metho-dological guidelines of corpus linguistics were followed in the course of investigation. The research focuses on the analysis of the right verbal collocates of Court. The British National Corpora (BNC) was used as the source of general English. The quantitative methods include applying statistical measures (MI score and log-likelihood) to test the significance of the extracted collocations and to compare the calculated values with those of corresponding collocations in the BNC. The qualitative part of the research focuses on classifying the most frequent collocations of the chosen syntactic pattern (NOUN + VERB) into structural (grammatical) and semantic patterns. The results show that typical collocations used in the appellate judgments of the ECJ differ from the general English language in terms of frequency and statistical significance and exhibit unique semantic characteristics, therefore suggesting that there are considerable lexical differences between legal and general English that should be taken into account in teaching and learning
该研究论文旨在确定在欧洲法院(ECJ)上诉判决中经常使用的典型搭配,并将其与普通英语的使用进行比较。在研究过程中遵循语料库语言学的方法论指导。本文的研究重点是对法庭语言的正确搭配进行分析。英国国家语料库(BNC)被用作一般英语的来源。定量方法包括应用统计方法(MI评分和对数似然)检验提取的搭配的显著性,并将计算值与BNC中相应搭配的计算值进行比较。研究的定性部分侧重于将所选句法模式(名词+动词)最频繁的搭配分为结构(语法)和语义模式。结果表明,欧洲法院上诉判决中使用的典型搭配在频率和统计显著性方面与普通英语不同,并表现出独特的语义特征,这表明法律英语与普通英语在词汇上存在较大差异,在教学中应予以重视
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引用次数: 0
Some Aspects of “Face-Saving” in Dialogue Discourse 对话话语中“面子”的几个方面
Pub Date : 2011-06-21 DOI: 10.3846/CPE.2011.10
Tatjana Rusko
During the last two decades human communication has become a topic of interest for language analysts. Language and environment have a significant impact on the way people communicate trying to establish good relations with each other. Language has in store various means that help communicants not only to achieve felicitous communication but also save face in the process of interpersonal communication. The article deals with language and speech means aimed at saving face in Modern English conversational discourse. It describes theoretical grounds of investigation based on the politeness theory and cooperation principles and focuses on defining and analyzing “face-saving” strategies and tactics in Modern English conversational discourse. Understanding the effect “face-saving” strategies and tactics produce will benefit interpersonal communication on different levels. Hence this subject is germane and most topical to education in general and language teaching in particular.
在过去的二十年里,人类交流已经成为语言分析学家感兴趣的一个话题。语言和环境对人们沟通的方式有着重要的影响,人们试图建立良好的关系。语言蕴藏着各种各样的手段,帮助交际者在人际交往过程中既能达到交际的目的,又能挽回颜面。本文论述了现代英语会话语篇中保全颜面的语言和言语手段。在礼貌理论和合作原则的基础上阐述了调查的理论依据,并着重定义和分析了现代英语会话语篇中的“面子”策略和策略。了解“面子”策略和战术所产生的效果,将在不同层面上有益于人际交往。因此,这一主题与一般教育,特别是语言教学密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Heterogeneous Synonymy: a Regular Stage in the Process of Standardisation of Lithuanian Computer Science Terminology 异质同义词:立陶宛计算机科学术语标准化进程中的一个规律阶段
Pub Date : 2011-06-01 DOI: 10.3846/cpe.2011.03
Vilija Celiešienė
The article analyses the least negotiable group of the synonymy of terms – heterogeneous synonyms, i.e. the synonymy of Lithuanian terms and loanwords used in the field of computer science. Specifically, the focus is on the synonymy characteristic of the primary stages of terminology subsystems formation. The aim of the research is to examine the structure of heterogeneous synonymous terms and to analyse the changes of the synonymy in the computer science. In terms of origins, two groups of synonymous terms emerge in the “Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Computer Science”: those of single origins, i.e. purely Lithuanian or exclusively international synonymous terms, and those of various origins, i.e. Lithuanian and international synonymous terms. The terminology of computer science is mostly based on the heterogeneous synonymy. In terms of structure, heterogeneous synonymy in computer science is not uniform and can be divided into three subgroups: 1) lines of single-word synonymous terms; 2) lines of compound synonymous terms; 3) lines of mixed (single-word, two-word and three-word) synonymous terms. The results of the analysis carried out show that heterogeneous synonymy is a regular stage in the process of standardization of Lithuanian terminology of computer science. This stage is incomplete and the terminology is still being developed, therefore it is not fully formed and established.
本文分析了术语同义中最不具争议性的一类异质同义,即计算机科学领域中立陶宛语术语和外来词的同义。具体而言,重点是术语子系统形成的初级阶段的同义词特征。本研究的目的是考察异质同义词的结构,并分析同义词在计算机科学中的变化。在起源方面,两组同义术语出现在“计算机科学百科词典”:那些单一的起源,即纯粹的立陶宛或完全国际同义术语,和那些不同的起源,即立陶宛和国际同义术语。计算机科学的术语大多建立在异构同义词的基础上。从结构上看,异质同义词在计算机科学中是不统一的,可分为三大类:1)单字同义词行;2)复合同义词行;3)混合(单字、二字和三字)同义词汇。分析结果表明,异质同义词是立陶宛语计算机科学术语标准化过程中的一个规律阶段。这个阶段是不完整的,术语还在发展中,因此还没有完全形成和确立。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching Monologue Type of Language in a Technical University 技校独白式语言教学
Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.42
A. Velička
The article deals with a very urgent issue of the methods of teaching foreign languages – teaching monologue type of language in a technical university. The author analyses psychological and linguistic aspects of monologue as a subject of teaching and what could influence scientifically motivated selection of teaching methods. There are three stages of teaching monologue. They comprise the ability to speak monologue as well as the process of gaining the skills – from elementary to intermediate and advanced. The article presents a number of recommendations for practice. The main principles of the article are based on the author‘s practical experience in the teaching process as well as on the analysis of scientific data in the field. The findings could be useful for practice and theory in the field. Article in Lithuanian
本文探讨了高职高专外语教学中一个亟待解决的问题——独白式外语教学。作者分析了独白作为教学主题的心理学和语言学方面,以及影响科学动机的教学方法选择的因素。独白教学有三个阶段。它们包括独白的能力以及获得技能的过程-从初级到中级和高级。本文为实践提供了一些建议。本文的主要原则是基于作者在教学过程中的实践经验以及对该领域科学数据的分析。这些发现可能对该领域的实践和理论都有帮助。文章(立陶宛文)
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引用次数: 0
The Process of Adaptation to Social Change as a Factor Stimulating the Development of Youth 适应社会变化的过程是促进青年发展的因素
Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.34
Krystyna Dziubacka, Vilija Grincevičienė
The article attempts to present – on the basis of relevant literature – the explicit strategies of adaptation to social change, on the example of the Polish society/nation. The hereby reflections are of theoretical character. They refer to the consequences of social changes taking place in Poland as well as the youth adaptation processes in the context of changing reality. The youth is presented in the context of their life orientations, existential anxiety, reevaluations and attitudes displayed with reference to the adaptation strategies described in the literature on the subject. The identification of the determinants for the conditions which promote the social manifestation of either active or passive attitudes is an attempt to stress the informative role of education in initiating both realistic and creative forms of adaptive behavior that should result in the individual’s need to challenge the reality. What is most important, however, is that adaptation to social change becomes [by itself] a stimulant for the development of a young human being. Article in English
本文试图在相关文献的基础上,以波兰社会/国家为例,提出适应社会变革的明确策略。本文的思考是理论性的。它们涉及波兰发生的社会变化的后果以及青年在不断变化的现实背景下的适应进程。青年在他们的生活取向、存在焦虑、重新评价和态度的背景下呈现,并参考文献中描述的适应策略。确定促进主动或被动态度的社会表现的条件的决定因素是一种尝试,旨在强调教育在启动现实的和创造性的适应行为形式方面的信息作用,这种适应行为形式应导致个人挑战现实的需要。然而,最重要的是,对社会变化的适应(本身)成为年轻人发展的兴奋剂。英文文章
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引用次数: 2
Gender Differences of Senior Pupils in Planning Studies 高中学生规划学习的性别差异
Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.33
Dovilė Domeikytė
The choice of university studies is one of the most important decisions which has an impact on future life quality of a person. This decision should be well-thought-out and well-founded. However, the choice of future profession depends on gender. Different social roles, social attitude, norms and stereotypes are strong attributes of social environment. The article is based on survey data and deals with a problem of future university studies choice of high school pupils and differences depending on gender. The thesis of the article is based on a statement that both techers and pupils segment the professions into “feminine” and “masculine”. Article in Lithuanian
大学学习的选择是影响一个人未来生活质量的最重要的决定之一。这个决定应该是经过深思熟虑和有充分根据的。然而,未来职业的选择取决于性别。不同的社会角色、社会态度、规范和刻板印象是社会环境的强烈属性。本文以调查数据为基础,探讨了中学生未来大学学习的选择和性别差异问题。这篇文章的论点是基于一种说法,即教师和学生都将职业分为“女性”和“男性”。文章(立陶宛文)
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引用次数: 1
The Vocalism Quantity of Pre-Stressed Syllables in the Subdialect of the Central Region of Northern Žemaitian Kretinga 北方中部亚方言中前置音节的发声量Žemaitian克雷廷加语
Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.31
Zofija Babickienė
The article deals with phonetic peculiarity of the quantity of pre-stressed syllables in the subdialect of the Central region of Northern Žemaitian Kretinga dictinguishing this subdialect from the neighbouring one of Telsiai region. The reseach was done with the help of both self-observing and experimental methods using the following programmes: Cool Edit Pro, PRAAT4.0.31 sound analysis programme created by Paul Boersma and David Weenink, the scientists of the university of Amsterdam. The statistical analysis was performed by the help of programme STUDENT (programming language TURBO-PASCAL, v. 7.0) created by Prof. Dr Habil of Vilnius university Aleksas Girdenis. The Analysis showed that the lengthening of long vowels and diphthongs of the first component is typical to the Central region of Northern Žemaitian Kretinga.While analysing the average of their duration, it was determined that the general vowel lengthening average in mixed diftongs, in fact, does not differ from the average length of the average of long vowels, such as i˙ , u˙, i. e the ratio of average duration is 1: 1,07. Unstressed syllables when preceeded by either short or semi-long stressed syllables in the subdialect of the Central region of Northern Žemaitian Kretinga are shorter when preceeded by long syllables. The presumption could be drawn that in the subdialect of the Central region of Northern Žemaitian Kretinga the lenght of pre-stressed syllables is the result of the communication between Žemaitians and Curonians. This reseach stimulates the interest to go deeper into those problems, which might specify the vocalism changes of that period. Article in Lithuanian
本文讨论了北Žemaitian克雷廷加中部地区次方言中重读音节数量的语音特性,将该次方言与邻近的特尔西艾地区的次方言区分开来。这项研究是在自我观察和实验方法的帮助下完成的,使用了以下程序:Cool Edit Pro, PRAAT4.0.31声音分析程序,由阿姆斯特丹大学的科学家Paul Boersma和David Weenink创建。统计分析由维尔纽斯大学Aleksas Girdenis教授Habil博士创建的STUDENT程序(程序语言TURBO-PASCAL, v. 7.0)进行。分析表明,第一部分的长元音和双元音的延长是北部Žemaitian克雷廷加中部地区的典型特征。通过对其平均持续时间的分析,确定了混合双音中一般元音延长的平均长度实际上与长元音(如i˙、u˙)的平均长度没有差异,即平均持续时间的比例为1:1 . 07。在北部Žemaitian克雷廷加中部地区的次方言中,当前面有短音节或半长音节时,非重读音节会变短。可以推测,在北Žemaitian克雷廷加中部地区的次方言中,预重读音节的长度是Žemaitians与库尔人交流的结果。这项研究激发了人们对这些问题深入研究的兴趣,这些问题可能会具体说明这一时期声乐的变化。文章(立陶宛文)
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引用次数: 0
Mediated Teaching for Information Presenting and Understanding 信息呈现与理解的中介教学
Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3846/COACTIVITY.2010.32
Konstantinas Stanislovas Danaitis, A. Usovaitė
Nowadays media is readily moving into various spheres of life. The computer, projector and screen replace trivial chalk and board. Slides are used in various designated areas: promotional presentations at meetings as a form of communication between participants and also as visual presentation of lecture material content of the report. It was found that a human catches up and remembers only about 10% of what he has read, 20% of what he has heard and even 50% of what he heard and saw. Therefore, high-quality and Professional presentation of information in the slide form has a significant impact on the uptake. The authors present a solution how to present the study material qualitatively and use the media system effectively for teaching computer graphics course. This course is taught for VGTU first or second year students of almost all specialities. This presentation of study materials facilitates the teacher's work and improves the readability and solutions of study materials. Article in Lithuanian
如今,媒体很容易进入生活的各个领域。电脑、投影仪和屏幕取代了琐碎的粉笔和黑板。幻灯片用于各种指定区域:会议上的宣传演讲,作为参与者之间交流的一种形式,也作为报告的讲座材料内容的视觉展示。研究发现,一个人只能记住他读过的10%的内容,听到的20%的内容,甚至听到和看到的50%的内容。因此,高质量和专业的幻灯片形式的信息呈现对吸收有重大影响。在计算机图形学课程教学中,如何定性地呈现学习资料,有效地利用多媒体系统,提出了解决方案。本课程面向VGTU几乎所有专业的一年级或二年级学生。学习资料的呈现方便了教师的工作,提高了学习资料的可读性和解决方案。文章(立陶宛文)
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引用次数: 0
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