Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105111
D. Ramathuba, Maria R. Ramashala, N. Mashau
Introduction: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains the most prevalent source of pediatric HIV infections. The prevalence of HIV is high among South African women of reproductive age, and the transmission of HIV from mothers to children is a serious concern. The study explored contributory factors, which lead to an increase in mother-to-child transmission of HIV at selected clinics in Capricorn district of Limpopo Province. Material and methods: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive exploratory design to uncover factors leading to MTCT of HIV. The target population were professional nurses trained in primary healthcare. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample eighteen participants from Seshego Zone clinics in Capricorn district. Unstructured interviews were conducted and audio-recorded. The transcribed data was analyzed using Tesch’s’ method of data analysis, and presented in themes and sub-themes. Ethical considerations were ensured throughout the study as well as trustworthiness of findings. Results: The study revealed that poor socio-economic status, traditional and religious beliefs, and lack of knowledge of patients were the major factors contributing to an increase of MTCT of HIV as well as system-related factors. However, the study indicated high knowledge about MTCT and HIV among the nurses. Conclusions: The study revealed that patient-related factors cause high prevalence of MTCT of HIV. For community health awareness, it is highly recommended to encourage women to abandon their beliefs in order to promote PMTCT.
{"title":"Contributory factors that lead to increase of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Capricorn district of Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"D. Ramathuba, Maria R. Ramashala, N. Mashau","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105111","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains the most prevalent source of pediatric HIV infections. The prevalence of HIV is high among South African women of reproductive age, and the transmission of HIV from mothers to children is a serious concern. The study explored contributory factors, which lead to an increase in mother-to-child transmission of HIV at selected clinics in Capricorn district of Limpopo Province. Material and methods: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive exploratory design to uncover factors leading to MTCT of HIV. The target population were professional nurses trained in primary healthcare. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample eighteen participants from Seshego Zone clinics in Capricorn district. Unstructured interviews were conducted and audio-recorded. The transcribed data was analyzed using Tesch’s’ method of data analysis, and presented in themes and sub-themes. Ethical considerations were ensured throughout the study as well as trustworthiness of findings. Results: The study revealed that poor socio-economic status, traditional and religious beliefs, and lack of knowledge of patients were the major factors contributing to an increase of MTCT of HIV as well as system-related factors. However, the study indicated high knowledge about MTCT and HIV among the nurses. Conclusions: The study revealed that patient-related factors cause high prevalence of MTCT of HIV. For community health awareness, it is highly recommended to encourage women to abandon their beliefs in order to promote PMTCT.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86854014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107241
H. S. N. Setty, A. Trivedi, J. Kharge, Sathwik Raj, Phani Teja Mundru, Santhosh Jadav, Y. M. Channabasappa, S. Shankar, T. R. Raghu, R. Patil, C. Manjunath
Introduction: Cardiac complications are becoming more critical in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The risk of infectious complications in HIV-positive patients has decreased with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, but remains high in developing countries, such as India. HIV patients are at increased risk for recurrent bacterial infections due to acquired immune suppression. Case presentation: We describe a case of a 45-year-old HIV-infected male, on antiretroviral therapy for 4 years, with invasive endocarditis. On admission, his CD4+ count was 274 cells/μl. The patient was hemodynamically stable on arrival and was in congestive heart failure. Pallor was present with no peripheral signs of infective endocarditis. 2D echocardiogram revealed vegetations on the tips of anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve, severe mitral regurgitation, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Blood culture was positive for Brucella melitensis . The patient recovered without any sequel after six weeks of antibiotic therapy (gentamycin intravenously + rifampicin p.o.). The patient remains under regular follow-up. Conclusions: Brucellosis in general is a difficult diagnosis to make. Therefore, along with diagnosis, treatment is also delayed leading to devastating outcomes. Cardiac involvement occurs in only 2% of cases but accounts for 80% of mortality due to brucellosis. Brucella endocarditis should be suspected in HIV patients with endocarditis, who have negative blood cultures and risk of exposure. The most accepted treatment for B. endocarditis is a combination of anti-microbial therapy with surgery.
{"title":"Infective endocarditis caused by Brucella melitensis in an HIV-positive patient","authors":"H. S. N. Setty, A. Trivedi, J. Kharge, Sathwik Raj, Phani Teja Mundru, Santhosh Jadav, Y. M. Channabasappa, S. Shankar, T. R. Raghu, R. Patil, C. Manjunath","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107241","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiac complications are becoming more critical in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The risk of infectious complications in HIV-positive patients has decreased with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, but remains high in developing countries, such as India. HIV patients are at increased risk for recurrent bacterial infections due to acquired immune suppression. Case presentation: We describe a case of a 45-year-old HIV-infected male, on antiretroviral therapy for 4 years, with invasive endocarditis. On admission, his CD4+ count was 274 cells/μl. The patient was hemodynamically stable on arrival and was in congestive heart failure. Pallor was present with no peripheral signs of infective endocarditis. 2D echocardiogram revealed vegetations on the tips of anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve, severe mitral regurgitation, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Blood culture was positive for Brucella melitensis . The patient recovered without any sequel after six weeks of antibiotic therapy (gentamycin intravenously + rifampicin p.o.). The patient remains under regular follow-up. Conclusions: Brucellosis in general is a difficult diagnosis to make. Therefore, along with diagnosis, treatment is also delayed leading to devastating outcomes. Cardiac involvement occurs in only 2% of cases but accounts for 80% of mortality due to brucellosis. Brucella endocarditis should be suspected in HIV patients with endocarditis, who have negative blood cultures and risk of exposure. The most accepted treatment for B. endocarditis is a combination of anti-microbial therapy with surgery.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80531050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.111233
L. Abedi, N. Khanjani, H. Sharifi
Introduction: Female sex workers (FSWs) are one of the groups most affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In Eastern Mediterranean (EM) countries, HIV prevalence among FSWs is often extremely high. However, no review has been conducted on FSWs in EM countries. The purpose of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among FSWs in EM countries. Material and methods: Articles published on the prevalence of HIV infection among FSWs in EM countries were searched until September 10, 2020. Appropriate keywords were used in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and IMEMER databases. References of each paper and conference abstracts were additionally searched. Papers were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In total, 21 studies were selected, which were performed in 8 EM countries. The reported prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 0 to 16% among FSWs. The average time women worked as FSWs ranged from 2 to 6 years, and in some papers, FSWs never or rarely used condoms during sexual contact. However, the consistency of using condoms among FSWs was reported as high as 65% in Pakistan, 64% in Lebanon, and 62% In Iran. The prevalence of drug use was high among FSWs, and it ranged from 5% in Pakistan and Sudan, to 91% in Iran and 96.2 % in Egypt. Heterogeneity among the studies and sub-groups was very high, and meta-analysis was not done due to high heterogeneity. Conclusions: The reported prevalence of HIV infection varied differently among female sex workers’ populations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. More studies are needed from different EM countries.
女性性工作者(FSWs)是受人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染影响最大的群体之一。在东地中海(EM)国家，女服务员的艾滋病毒感染率往往非常高。然而，没有对新兴市场国家的fsw进行审查。本系统综述的目的是估计新兴市场国家外佣中HIV感染的流行程度。材料和方法:截至2020年9月10日，检索了EM国家fsw中HIV感染流行率的发表文章。在Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed、EMBASE、Ovid和IMEMER数据库中使用合适的关键词。另外检索了每篇论文的参考文献和会议摘要。根据纳入和排除标准选择论文。结果:总共选择了21项研究，这些研究在8个新兴市场国家进行。报告的艾滋病毒感染率在女服务员中从0%到16%不等。女服务员的平均工作时间从2年到6年不等，在一些论文中，女服务员在性接触中从不或很少使用避孕套。然而，据报道，在巴基斯坦、黎巴嫩和伊朗，女伴使用避孕套的比例分别高达65%、64%和62%。fsw的吸毒率很高，从巴基斯坦和苏丹的5%到伊朗的91%和埃及的96.2%不等。研究和亚组之间的异质性非常高，由于异质性高，未进行meta分析。结论:报告的艾滋病毒感染率在东地中海地区的女性性工作者人群中存在差异。需要更多来自不同新兴市场国家的研究。
{"title":"Prevalence of HIV infection among female sex workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region countries: a systematic review","authors":"L. Abedi, N. Khanjani, H. Sharifi","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111233","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Female sex workers (FSWs) are one of the groups most affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In Eastern Mediterranean (EM) countries, HIV prevalence among FSWs is often extremely high. However, no review has been conducted on FSWs in EM countries. The purpose of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among FSWs in EM countries. Material and methods: Articles published on the prevalence of HIV infection among FSWs in EM countries were searched until September 10, 2020. Appropriate keywords were used in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, and IMEMER databases. References of each paper and conference abstracts were additionally searched. Papers were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In total, 21 studies were selected, which were performed in 8 EM countries. The reported prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 0 to 16% among FSWs. The average time women worked as FSWs ranged from 2 to 6 years, and in some papers, FSWs never or rarely used condoms during sexual contact. However, the consistency of using condoms among FSWs was reported as high as 65% in Pakistan, 64% in Lebanon, and 62% In Iran. The prevalence of drug use was high among FSWs, and it ranged from 5% in Pakistan and Sudan, to 91% in Iran and 96.2 % in Egypt. Heterogeneity among the studies and sub-groups was very high, and meta-analysis was not done due to high heterogeneity. Conclusions: The reported prevalence of HIV infection varied differently among female sex workers’ populations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. More studies are needed from different EM countries.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.109624
A. Yusuf, Ajibola Abdulrahamon Ishola
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing (HCT) is recognized as a critical component of HIV prevention. However, what is of serious concern is the low uptake of HCT among teachers due to issues related to psychosocial factors, whose role has not been examined in the extant literature. This study examined the relationship between psychosocial factors (stigma, perceived barriers, knowledge, belief) and attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among secondary school teachers in Ibadan, Oyo State. Material and methods: The study had a cross-sectional design. Participants (350) were sampled from selected secondary schools through stratified sampling technique. The mean age was 45.68 (SD = 7.72), 57% were female with 11.23 (SD = 3.42) years of experience. A self-report questionnaire containing a standardized instrument was used in the collection of data. Data were analysed using descriptive, multiple regression analysis and Pearson product moment correlation at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The findings revealed that anticipated stigma ( r = –0.39), belief ( r = 0.23), level of knowledge ( r = 0.30), and perceived barriers ( r = –0.46) correlated significantly with attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among teachers. Perceived barriers (β = –0.43, t = –5.56, p = 0.00), anticipated stigma (β = –0.27, t = 4.93, p = 0.00), knowledge (β = 0.26, t = 4.38, p = 0.00) and belief (β = 0.20, t = 2.69, p = 0.00) predicted attitude towards HIV counselling and testing. Conclusions: This study confirms that anticipated stigma, knowledge and perceived barriers to HIV testing influenced attitude towards HCT among teachers. The Health Ministry was advised to provide community-based counselling outreach programmes for teachers, especially those in rural areas. widow betrothal, sexual molestation, unprotected sex and li-quor ingestion have been implicated in HIV testing services [2, 12]. Given this gap, this study intends to determine how anticipated stigma, negative perception, cultural belief and level of knowledge correlate with HIV counselling and testing and among secondary school teachers. The broad aim of this research is to determine the correlates of HIV counselling and testing behaviour among secondary school tutors in Ibadan city. Specifically the study investigates the follow-ing objectives: 1) to investigate if the independent variables (anticipated stigma, religious belief, level of knowledge and perception or barrier) will be significant correlates of the dependent variable (attitude towards HCT among teachers); 2) to examine the contribution of anticipated stigma, religious belief, level of knowledge and perception or barrier to the prediction of attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among teachers. syndrome
导言:人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)咨询和检测(HCT)被认为是艾滋病毒预防的关键组成部分。然而，令人严重关切的是，由于与社会心理因素有关的问题，教师对HCT的接受程度较低，而社会心理因素在现有文献中所起的作用尚未得到研究。本研究调查了奥约州伊巴丹中学教师的社会心理因素(耻辱、感知障碍、知识、信仰)与对艾滋病毒咨询和检测的态度之间的关系。材料与方法:本研究采用横断面设计。通过分层抽样技术，从选定的中学抽取了350名参与者。平均年龄45.68岁(SD = 7.72)，女性占57%，工作经验11.23 (SD = 3.42)年。在收集数据时使用了包含标准化工具的自我报告问卷。数据分析采用描述性、多元回归分析和Pearson积差相关分析，p≤0.05。结果:预期污名(r = -0.39)、信念(r = 0.23)、知识水平(r = 0.30)和感知障碍(r = -0.46)与教师对HIV咨询和检测的态度显著相关。感知障碍(β = -0.43, t = -5.56, p = 0.00)、预期耻感(β = -0.27, t = 4.93, p = 0.00)、知识(β = 0.26, t = 4.38, p = 0.00)和信念(β = 0.20, t = 2.69, p = 0.00)与HIV咨询和检测态度相关。结论:本研究证实，预期的耻辱感、知识和感知到的艾滋病毒检测障碍影响了教师对HCT的态度。建议卫生部为教师，特别是农村地区的教师提供基于社区的咨询外展方案。寡妇订婚、性骚扰、无保护的性行为和饮酒都与艾滋病毒检测服务有关[2,12]。鉴于这一差距，本研究打算确定预期的耻辱、负面看法、文化信仰和知识水平如何与中学教师的艾滋病毒咨询和检测相关联。本研究的主要目的是确定伊巴丹市中学教师艾滋病毒咨询和检测行为的相关性。具体而言，本研究调查了以下目标:1)调查自变量(预期的耻辱，宗教信仰，知识水平和感知或障碍)是否与因变量(教师对HCT的态度)显着相关;2)考察预期的污名、宗教信仰、知识和认知水平或障碍对教师对艾滋病咨询和检测态度预测的贡献。并发症状
{"title":"Predictors of attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among secondary school teachers in Akinyele LGA, Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state of Nigeria","authors":"A. Yusuf, Ajibola Abdulrahamon Ishola","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.109624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.109624","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling and testing (HCT) is recognized as a critical component of HIV prevention. However, what is of serious concern is the low uptake of HCT among teachers due to issues related to psychosocial factors, whose role has not been examined in the extant literature. This study examined the relationship between psychosocial factors (stigma, perceived barriers, knowledge, belief) and attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among secondary school teachers in Ibadan, Oyo State. Material and methods: The study had a cross-sectional design. Participants (350) were sampled from selected secondary schools through stratified sampling technique. The mean age was 45.68 (SD = 7.72), 57% were female with 11.23 (SD = 3.42) years of experience. A self-report questionnaire containing a standardized instrument was used in the collection of data. Data were analysed using descriptive, multiple regression analysis and Pearson product moment correlation at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The findings revealed that anticipated stigma ( r = –0.39), belief ( r = 0.23), level of knowledge ( r = 0.30), and perceived barriers ( r = –0.46) correlated significantly with attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among teachers. Perceived barriers (β = –0.43, t = –5.56, p = 0.00), anticipated stigma (β = –0.27, t = 4.93, p = 0.00), knowledge (β = 0.26, t = 4.38, p = 0.00) and belief (β = 0.20, t = 2.69, p = 0.00) predicted attitude towards HIV counselling and testing. Conclusions: This study confirms that anticipated stigma, knowledge and perceived barriers to HIV testing influenced attitude towards HCT among teachers. The Health Ministry was advised to provide community-based counselling outreach programmes for teachers, especially those in rural areas. widow betrothal, sexual molestation, unprotected sex and li-quor ingestion have been implicated in HIV testing services [2, 12]. Given this gap, this study intends to determine how anticipated stigma, negative perception, cultural belief and level of knowledge correlate with HIV counselling and testing and among secondary school teachers. The broad aim of this research is to determine the correlates of HIV counselling and testing behaviour among secondary school tutors in Ibadan city. Specifically the study investigates the follow-ing objectives: 1) to investigate if the independent variables (anticipated stigma, religious belief, level of knowledge and perception or barrier) will be significant correlates of the dependent variable (attitude towards HCT among teachers); 2) to examine the contribution of anticipated stigma, religious belief, level of knowledge and perception or barrier to the prediction of attitude towards HIV counselling and testing among teachers. syndrome","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.111899
I. Kooli, W. Marrakchi, A. Toumi, A. Aouam, Hammouda Baba, M. Chakroun
Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis is a well-recognized opportunistic infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Unlike adults, in children this infection is frequently associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We report a case of HLH in HIV-positive person with visceral leishmaniasis. Case description: A 25-year-old man known living with HIV since 2013 was admitted to infectious diseases department in March 2017. His clinical examination was clear. His initial viral load was 630,000 copies/mm 3 and CD4+ cells count was 12/mm 3 . No opportunistic infections were noted. The patient was started on antiretroviral therapy. During hospitalization, he developed fever, asthe-nia, rhinorrhea, and odynophagia. The diagnosis of HLH was retained because of pancytopenia, cytolysis, hyponatremia, high level of ferrinemia, and hemophagocytosis. Etiological investigations revealed positive Leishmania PCR. Also, Leishmania was detected in sternal puncture. Patient received meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) 20 mg/kg/day for 21 days with favorable outcomes. To prevent relapse, he received meglumine antimoniate 20 mg/kg/month as long as his CD4+ count was less than 100 cells/mm 3 . After 1-year follow up, no relapse was detected. Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in PLHIV may differ from classic kala-azar. In our case, HLH was the reason for VL discovery.
{"title":"Unusual occurrence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in HIV-positive person with visceral leishmaniasis","authors":"I. Kooli, W. Marrakchi, A. Toumi, A. Aouam, Hammouda Baba, M. Chakroun","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111899","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis is a well-recognized opportunistic infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Unlike adults, in children this infection is frequently associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We report a case of HLH in HIV-positive person with visceral leishmaniasis. Case description: A 25-year-old man known living with HIV since 2013 was admitted to infectious diseases department in March 2017. His clinical examination was clear. His initial viral load was 630,000 copies/mm 3 and CD4+ cells count was 12/mm 3 . No opportunistic infections were noted. The patient was started on antiretroviral therapy. During hospitalization, he developed fever, asthe-nia, rhinorrhea, and odynophagia. The diagnosis of HLH was retained because of pancytopenia, cytolysis, hyponatremia, high level of ferrinemia, and hemophagocytosis. Etiological investigations revealed positive Leishmania PCR. Also, Leishmania was detected in sternal puncture. Patient received meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) 20 mg/kg/day for 21 days with favorable outcomes. To prevent relapse, he received meglumine antimoniate 20 mg/kg/month as long as his CD4+ count was less than 100 cells/mm 3 . After 1-year follow up, no relapse was detected. Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory presentation of visceral leishmaniasis in PLHIV may differ from classic kala-azar. In our case, HLH was the reason for VL discovery.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88504504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105112
N. R. Gilan, S. Ghasemi, A. Mohamadi, M. Khezeli, F. Heydarpour, Shahab Bahrami
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major health challenge in recent decades. Poor health knowledge can lead to the faster transmission of HIV in the community. This study aimed to investigate the association of social capital and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) health literacy with AIDS risk perception in Iranian adolescents. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 high school students of Kermanshah city, the west part of Iran, selected by multi-stage sampling method. Respondents filled out social capital, HIV/AIDS health literacy, and AIDS risk perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 using Pearson correlation, regression, ANOVA, and independent t-tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 17.02 ± 0.84 years. The results of independent t-test showed that girls had more scores in family social capital (p = 0.009) and school social capital domains (p = 0.001).There were a moderate and significant correlations between AIDS health literacy with family social capital (r = 0.178; p = 0.001) and AIDS risk perception (r = 0.317; p = 0.009). Also, regression analysis showed that 12.1% of variations in AIDS risk perception were explained by several variables of the study. Conclusions: Considering the relationship between AIDS health literacy and social capital with AIDS risk perception, it can be concluded that the increased power of visual and written analysis and understanding of adolescents, along with cohesion, respect, trust, and mutual understanding in the family, can be a protective factor against HIV disease. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 52-58 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105112
{"title":"Association of social capital and AIDS health literacy with AIDS risk perception in adolescents","authors":"N. R. Gilan, S. Ghasemi, A. Mohamadi, M. Khezeli, F. Heydarpour, Shahab Bahrami","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105112","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major health challenge in recent decades. Poor health knowledge can lead to the faster transmission of HIV in the community. This study aimed to investigate the association of social capital and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) health literacy with AIDS risk perception in Iranian adolescents. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 high school students of Kermanshah city, the west part of Iran, selected by multi-stage sampling method. Respondents filled out social capital, HIV/AIDS health literacy, and AIDS risk perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 using Pearson correlation, regression, ANOVA, and independent t-tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 17.02 ± 0.84 years. The results of independent t-test showed that girls had more scores in family social capital (p = 0.009) and school social capital domains (p = 0.001).There were a moderate and significant correlations between AIDS health literacy with family social capital (r = 0.178; p = 0.001) and AIDS risk perception (r = 0.317; p = 0.009). Also, regression analysis showed that 12.1% of variations in AIDS risk perception were explained by several variables of the study. Conclusions: Considering the relationship between AIDS health literacy and social capital with AIDS risk perception, it can be concluded that the increased power of visual and written analysis and understanding of adolescents, along with cohesion, respect, trust, and mutual understanding in the family, can be a protective factor against HIV disease. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 52-58 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105112","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.109631
Mizanur Rahman, M. Arif, R. Safii, Z. Tambi, Zulkifli Jantan, Mohd Fahmi Ismail
{"title":"Perceived knowledge, attitude towards HIV/AIDS, and sexual behavior among migrant workers in Malaysia: a structural path analysis","authors":"Mizanur Rahman, M. Arif, R. Safii, Z. Tambi, Zulkifli Jantan, Mohd Fahmi Ismail","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"11 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74243817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105110
F. Bakhshi, Fatemeh Nezamdust, E. K. Leili
Introduction: Social capital, as one of the determinants of health, has a significant role on mental health of people especially chronic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health and social capital in HIV patients in North of Iran. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 49 persons with HIV referred to the consultation center of welfare organization in 2017 were included. Social capital of participants was measured by Bullen's social capital scale. Mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to determine the condition of mental health. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were applied to investigate the relation between variables. Results: The mean score was 59.2 ± 13.3 for social capital and 31.4 ± 12.2 for mental health. There was a significant relationship between the total score of social capital with better economic condition (p = 0.01, r = 0.33), lower duration of illness (p = 0.001, r = 0.47), and having insurance (p = 0.007, r = 0.38). The correlation between variables showed a negative and significant relationship between dimensions of feeling of trust and safety (r = –0.45, p = 0.002), activity in a social context (r = –0.41, p = 0.004), and value of life (r = –0.81, p = 0.001) with mental health. Conclusions: According to the study results, with increasing attention to health determinants and social capital as one of the international principles of health, mental health of people with AIDS should be promoted. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 33-38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105110
引言:社会资本作为健康的决定因素之一，对人们尤其是慢性病患者的心理健康有着重要的影响。本研究旨在探讨伊朗北部HIV患者心理健康与社会资本的关系。材料与方法:本横断面研究纳入2017年到福利机构咨询中心就诊的49名HIV感染者。采用Bullen社会资本量表测量被试的社会资本。采用心理健康问卷(GHQ-28)调查心理健康状况。采用SPSS 21软件对数据进行分析。采用Pearson相关分析和回归分析探讨变量间的关系。结果:社会资本得分为59.2±13.3分，心理健康得分为31.4±12.2分。社会资本总分与经济状况较好的大学生(p = 0.01, r = 0.33)、病程较短的大学生(p = 0.001, r = 0.47)、有保险的大学生(p = 0.007, r = 0.38)存在显著相关。变量间的相关关系显示，信任和安全感(r = -0.45, p = 0.002)、社会活动(r = -0.41, p = 0.004)和生命价值(r = -0.81, p = 0.001)维度与心理健康呈显著负相关。结论:根据研究结果，随着健康决定因素的日益重视和社会资本作为国际健康原则之一，应促进艾滋病患者的心理健康。HIV / AIDS Rev 2021;DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105110
{"title":"The relationship between social capital and mental health in individuals living with HIV in North of Iran","authors":"F. Bakhshi, Fatemeh Nezamdust, E. K. Leili","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social capital, as one of the determinants of health, has a significant role on mental health of people especially chronic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health and social capital in HIV patients in North of Iran. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 49 persons with HIV referred to the consultation center of welfare organization in 2017 were included. Social capital of participants was measured by Bullen's social capital scale. Mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to determine the condition of mental health. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were applied to investigate the relation between variables. Results: The mean score was 59.2 ± 13.3 for social capital and 31.4 ± 12.2 for mental health. There was a significant relationship between the total score of social capital with better economic condition (p = 0.01, r = 0.33), lower duration of illness (p = 0.001, r = 0.47), and having insurance (p = 0.007, r = 0.38). The correlation between variables showed a negative and significant relationship between dimensions of feeling of trust and safety (r = –0.45, p = 0.002), activity in a social context (r = –0.41, p = 0.004), and value of life (r = –0.81, p = 0.001) with mental health. Conclusions: According to the study results, with increasing attention to health determinants and social capital as one of the international principles of health, mental health of people with AIDS should be promoted. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 33-38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105110","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105091
P. Motahari
Oral candidiasis is one of the main consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Saliva contains proteins that play a key role in the health of oral cavity. The aim of this review study was to investigate the relationship of oral candidiasis with salivary lysozyme and lactoferrin in patients with HIV infection. In this systematic review study, all articles with English abstract were searched with the keywords of “Oral Candidiasis” or “Candida” and “Saliva” and “HIV” or “AIDS” and “Lysozyme” and “Lactoferrin” from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from 1990 until April 2020. Amongst the 16 articles obtained after reviewing the abstracts, 13 appropriate articles were included in this study. In 11 studies, the relationship between salivary lactoferrin and oral candidiasis was investigated, 54% of which showed an increase in salivary lactoferrin in HIV-positive patients with candidiasis. Eight studies examined the relationship between salivary lysozyme and oral candidiasis, 63% of which showed no association. Understanding numerous factors and conditions involved in candida cloning would be broadly related to increasing our understanding of fungal pathogenesis and host defense factors. The results of our study could be useful in diagnosing and designing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections in HIV-positive patients. In addition to anti-fungal properties, non-toxicity to human cells could lead to lactoferrin being used in the future as a drug to prevent and treat fungal infections in patients with immunity difficulties. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 17-20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105091
口腔念珠菌病是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的主要后果之一。唾液中含有对口腔健康起关键作用的蛋白质。本综述旨在探讨HIV感染患者口腔念珠菌病与唾液溶菌酶和乳铁蛋白的关系。本系统综述研究以“Oral Candidiasis”或“Candida”和“唾液”、“HIV”或“AIDS”和“Lysozyme”和“乳铁蛋白”为关键词检索自1990年至2020年4月的Google Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane和Scopus数据库中所有带英文摘要的文章。在查阅摘要后获得的16篇文章中，有13篇合适的文章被纳入本研究。有11项研究调查了唾液乳铁蛋白与口腔念珠菌病的关系，其中54%的研究显示hiv阳性念珠菌病患者唾液乳铁蛋白升高。八项研究调查了唾液溶菌酶和口腔念珠菌病之间的关系，其中63%的研究显示没有关联。了解念珠菌克隆中涉及的许多因素和条件将广泛地关系到我们对真菌发病机制和宿主防御因素的理解。我们的研究结果可能有助于诊断和设计预防和治疗hiv阳性患者真菌感染的新策略。除了抗真菌的特性，对人体细胞的无毒性可能导致乳铁蛋白在未来被用作预防和治疗免疫困难患者真菌感染的药物。HIV / AIDS Rev 2021;DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105091
{"title":"Relationship of oral candidiasis with salivary lysozyme and lactoferrin in HIV-positive patients: a systematic review","authors":"P. Motahari","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105091","url":null,"abstract":"Oral candidiasis is one of the main consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Saliva contains proteins that play a key role in the health of oral cavity. The aim of this review study was to investigate the relationship of oral candidiasis with salivary lysozyme and lactoferrin in patients with HIV infection. In this systematic review study, all articles with English abstract were searched with the keywords of “Oral Candidiasis” or “Candida” and “Saliva” and “HIV” or “AIDS” and “Lysozyme” and “Lactoferrin” from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from 1990 until April 2020. Amongst the 16 articles obtained after reviewing the abstracts, 13 appropriate articles were included in this study. In 11 studies, the relationship between salivary lactoferrin and oral candidiasis was investigated, 54% of which showed an increase in salivary lactoferrin in HIV-positive patients with candidiasis. Eight studies examined the relationship between salivary lysozyme and oral candidiasis, 63% of which showed no association. Understanding numerous factors and conditions involved in candida cloning would be broadly related to increasing our understanding of fungal pathogenesis and host defense factors. The results of our study could be useful in diagnosing and designing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections in HIV-positive patients. In addition to anti-fungal properties, non-toxicity to human cells could lead to lactoferrin being used in the future as a drug to prevent and treat fungal infections in patients with immunity difficulties. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 17-20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105091","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76813311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107236
G. Umeta, Legese Chelkeba, Gosaye Mekonen Tefera, Kemal Jemal, K. K. Goro
Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) decrease the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dramatically. However, current research reported an increased hospitalization rate among AIDS patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine causes and predictors of hospital admission as well as in-hospital mortality amongst human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS-infected patients on HAART. Material and methods: This was a multi-center cross-sectional study, and included HIV/AIDS patients who were admitted to secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Oromia Regional State from May 1, 2017, to August 30, 2017. Data were collected from hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients using structured checklist and interview. Results were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate association, and p-value < 0.05 was used to determine relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: Out of 171 participants enrolled, 105 (61%) were hospitalized due to opportunistic infections. Age ranged from 40 to 49 (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.09-0.98%) vs. 18-29, females (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.11-5.24%), CD4+ count less than 200 (AOR = 10.32; 95% CI: 3.49-30.52%), and poor adhered (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.21-6.41%) were significantly related to hospitalization with opportunistic infections (AIDS-related illnesses). Among admitted patients, 20 (11.7%) died in hospital. Poorly adherent patients and those who spent 9 days or more in hospital were more exposed to in-hospital death, with AOR = 3.093; 95% CI: 1.012-9.453% and AOR = 4.533; 95% CI: 1.371-14.985%, respectively. Conclusions: The major causes of hospitalization were HIV/AIDS-related illnesses. Adherence to the HIV drug regimen is warranted to minimize hospitalization with opportunistic infections and HIV/AIDS mortality. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 2: 102-108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.107236
{"title":"Causes and predictors of hospitalization \u0000and in-hospital mortality among HIV/AIDS \u0000patients on highly active antiretroviral \u0000therapy in secondary and tertiary care \u0000hospitals in Oromia Regional State: \u0000multi-center cross-sectional study","authors":"G. Umeta, Legese Chelkeba, Gosaye Mekonen Tefera, Kemal Jemal, K. K. Goro","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107236","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) decrease the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dramatically. However, current research reported an increased hospitalization rate among AIDS patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine causes and predictors of hospital admission as well as in-hospital mortality amongst human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS-infected patients on HAART. Material and methods: This was a multi-center cross-sectional study, and included HIV/AIDS patients who were admitted to secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Oromia Regional State from May 1, 2017, to August 30, 2017. Data were collected from hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients using structured checklist and interview. Results were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate association, and p-value < 0.05 was used to determine relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: Out of 171 participants enrolled, 105 (61%) were hospitalized due to opportunistic infections. Age ranged from 40 to 49 (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.09-0.98%) vs. 18-29, females (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.11-5.24%), CD4+ count less than 200 (AOR = 10.32; 95% CI: 3.49-30.52%), and poor adhered (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.21-6.41%) were significantly related to hospitalization with opportunistic infections (AIDS-related illnesses). Among admitted patients, 20 (11.7%) died in hospital. Poorly adherent patients and those who spent 9 days or more in hospital were more exposed to in-hospital death, with AOR = 3.093; 95% CI: 1.012-9.453% and AOR = 4.533; 95% CI: 1.371-14.985%, respectively. Conclusions: The major causes of hospitalization were HIV/AIDS-related illnesses. Adherence to the HIV drug regimen is warranted to minimize hospitalization with opportunistic infections and HIV/AIDS mortality. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 2: 102-108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.107236","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82250503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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