Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.109264
Jacob Musinsky, A. Noy
{"title":"Remission of a primary effusion lymphoma with initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy and antiviral therapy in a previously untreated HIV-positive patient","authors":"Jacob Musinsky, A. Noy","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73354295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.111896
Ifeoma M. Obionu, Chinwendu O. Echefu, Vina U. Chinweokwu, Winifred O. Chineme, Azodo U. Gabriel, Emmanuel N. Aguwa
Introduction: There have been growing concerns of intimate partner violence (IPV) in people living with HIV (PLHIV). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of IPV in PLHIV. Material and methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria, among 360 PLHIV receiving care in a tertiary hospital. A systematic sampling method was used to select participants during clinic visits, and data was collected using a pretested questionnaire adapted from Nigerian demographic and health survey. Responses were based on incidents, which had occurred within a period of twelve months prior to the day of interview. P -values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35 ± 5 years. One hundred and eighty-nine (52.5%) respondents had experienced a form of IPV in the last 12 months preceding the study. Being female and having a partner who uses illicit drugs or alcohol were found to be predictors of IPV (AOR = 2.251, 95% CI: 1.438-3.522) and (AOR = 1.467, 95% CI: 0.301-0.725), respectively. Conclusions: Prevalence of IPV was high in respondents in this study and in light of these findings, there is need to facilitate IPV screening, counseling, and improve patient awareness of IPV in routine management of PLHIV in care and treatment facilities in Nigeria.
{"title":"Intimate partner violence among HIV-positive service users of a tertiary care and treatment facility in Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Ifeoma M. Obionu, Chinwendu O. Echefu, Vina U. Chinweokwu, Winifred O. Chineme, Azodo U. Gabriel, Emmanuel N. Aguwa","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111896","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There have been growing concerns of intimate partner violence (IPV) in people living with HIV (PLHIV). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of IPV in PLHIV. Material and methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria, among 360 PLHIV receiving care in a tertiary hospital. A systematic sampling method was used to select participants during clinic visits, and data was collected using a pretested questionnaire adapted from Nigerian demographic and health survey. Responses were based on incidents, which had occurred within a period of twelve months prior to the day of interview. P -values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35 ± 5 years. One hundred and eighty-nine (52.5%) respondents had experienced a form of IPV in the last 12 months preceding the study. Being female and having a partner who uses illicit drugs or alcohol were found to be predictors of IPV (AOR = 2.251, 95% CI: 1.438-3.522) and (AOR = 1.467, 95% CI: 0.301-0.725), respectively. Conclusions: Prevalence of IPV was high in respondents in this study and in light of these findings, there is need to facilitate IPV screening, counseling, and improve patient awareness of IPV in routine management of PLHIV in care and treatment facilities in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85035659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.111903
Akanksha Raj, Damodar Hegde, Devesh Gupta, Sangeeta U. Nayak
Mucocele or mucus extravasation cyst is a common oral cavity lesion, involving minor salivary glands, and results from duct rupture or obliteration, causing glandular contents (mucinous) to be released subepithelially. The incidence is high, with 2.5 lesions per 1,000 individuals. Indeed, mucoceles are the most common minor salivary gland disorder, and represent the second most frequent benign soft tissue tumors of the oral cavity, following irritative fibromas. Trauma, parafunctional behavior, lip chewing, and other etiological factors may contribute to a permanent bump in the region of incidence if left untreated. These are non-neoplastic cystic lesions of the major and minor salivary glands caused by mucus accumulation. Children are the most often affected by these lesions. Various treatment modalities for mucocele have been advocated, with lasers being the most recent and innovative. In the current case report, a diode laser was used to remove a mucocele on the lower lip, with benefits of less pain, bleeding, recurrence, and greater patient compliance. While these lesions are usually treat-ed with local surgical excision, in our case, to prevent intra-operative surgical complications, such as bleeding and edema, and to facilitate faster healing, excision was performed using a diode laser with a wavelength of 940 nm. After achieving hemostasis, the excised tissue was sent for histopathological examination, which confirmed our diagnosis of that lesion as mucus extravasation cyst or mucocele.
{"title":"Treatment of mucocele of the lower lip using diode laser in a pediatric patient: interdisciplinary case report","authors":"Akanksha Raj, Damodar Hegde, Devesh Gupta, Sangeeta U. Nayak","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111903","url":null,"abstract":"Mucocele or mucus extravasation cyst is a common oral cavity lesion, involving minor salivary glands, and results from duct rupture or obliteration, causing glandular contents (mucinous) to be released subepithelially. The incidence is high, with 2.5 lesions per 1,000 individuals. Indeed, mucoceles are the most common minor salivary gland disorder, and represent the second most frequent benign soft tissue tumors of the oral cavity, following irritative fibromas. Trauma, parafunctional behavior, lip chewing, and other etiological factors may contribute to a permanent bump in the region of incidence if left untreated. These are non-neoplastic cystic lesions of the major and minor salivary glands caused by mucus accumulation. Children are the most often affected by these lesions. Various treatment modalities for mucocele have been advocated, with lasers being the most recent and innovative. In the current case report, a diode laser was used to remove a mucocele on the lower lip, with benefits of less pain, bleeding, recurrence, and greater patient compliance. While these lesions are usually treat-ed with local surgical excision, in our case, to prevent intra-operative surgical complications, such as bleeding and edema, and to facilitate faster healing, excision was performed using a diode laser with a wavelength of 940 nm. After achieving hemostasis, the excised tissue was sent for histopathological examination, which confirmed our diagnosis of that lesion as mucus extravasation cyst or mucocele.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84088580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107235
Irene Rethemiotaki
{"title":"Vigilance for HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study of 2 million adults in the United States","authors":"Irene Rethemiotaki","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82773128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107234
Magdalena Jachymek, M. Braksator, M. Parczewski, M. Peregud-Pogorzelska, J. Kaźmierczak
{"title":"Cardiovascular disease and HIV infection","authors":"Magdalena Jachymek, M. Braksator, M. Parczewski, M. Peregud-Pogorzelska, J. Kaźmierczak","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87809876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.109648
J. Anejo-Okopi, H. Onywera, S. Omale, O. Audu
Malignancies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients. With the introduction of an effective combination of antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection has been changed from being a death sentence to a chronic condition. There is renewed clinical interest in the associated morbidities of non-communicable diseases, and most importantly cancers, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, due to prolonged survival on antiretrovirals. Available evidence suggests that there is an increasing frequency of cancers associated with bacterial and viral infections among the HIV-infected population. There is also a concern about the etiology of emergence of cancers, risk factors, and viral infections in HIV-infected individuals. The challenge is for the caregivers to develop and implement effective means to screen, treat, and prevent non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) in the HIV-infected patients. There is a need for provision of hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus vaccines for those who are uninfected and the eligible population. Emphasis should be on these non-AIDS defining cancers during health education, in order to create awareness of the morbidity that may encourage screening uptake, thus resulting in healthy living and reduced mortality rates. This brief review aimed to bring to fore the account of NADCs, risk factors, the role of the microbiota, diagnostic methods, and the need for urgent screening and prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 3: 151-157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109648
恶性肿瘤是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染患者发病和死亡的主要原因。由于采用了有效的抗逆转录病毒联合疗法，艾滋病毒感染已从被判死刑变成一种慢性病。非传染性疾病的相关发病率，尤其是卡波西氏肉瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤等癌症，由于抗逆转录病毒药物延长了生存期，重新引起了临床关注。现有证据表明，在艾滋病毒感染人群中，与细菌和病毒感染相关的癌症发病率越来越高。人们还关注艾滋病毒感染者出现癌症的病因、危险因素和病毒感染。护理人员面临的挑战是制定和实施有效的手段来筛查、治疗和预防艾滋病毒感染患者的非艾滋病决定性癌症(NADCs)。有必要为未感染者和符合条件的人群提供乙型肝炎病毒和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗。在健康教育中应强调这些非艾滋病界定的癌症，以便提高对发病率的认识，从而鼓励接受筛查，从而实现健康的生活和降低死亡率。这篇简短的综述旨在介绍NADCs、危险因素、微生物群的作用、诊断方法以及在艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者中进行紧急筛查和预防的必要性。HIV / AIDS Rev 2021;20, 3: 151-157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109648
{"title":"Non-AIDS defining malignancies among HIV-infected patients","authors":"J. Anejo-Okopi, H. Onywera, S. Omale, O. Audu","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109648","url":null,"abstract":"Malignancies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients. With the introduction of an effective combination of antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection has been changed from being a death sentence to a chronic condition. There is renewed clinical interest in the associated morbidities of non-communicable diseases, and most importantly cancers, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, due to prolonged survival on antiretrovirals. Available evidence suggests that there is an increasing frequency of cancers associated with bacterial and viral infections among the HIV-infected population. There is also a concern about the etiology of emergence of cancers, risk factors, and viral infections in HIV-infected individuals. The challenge is for the caregivers to develop and implement effective means to screen, treat, and prevent non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) in the HIV-infected patients. There is a need for provision of hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus vaccines for those who are uninfected and the eligible population. Emphasis should be on these non-AIDS defining cancers during health education, in order to create awareness of the morbidity that may encourage screening uptake, thus resulting in healthy living and reduced mortality rates. This brief review aimed to bring to fore the account of NADCs, risk factors, the role of the microbiota, diagnostic methods, and the need for urgent screening and prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 3: 151-157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109648","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89511187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.111534
D. Daniella, Alfred Setyono, Marianto Marianto
Novel coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, has been declared as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. The devastating impact of COVID-19 has affected every sectors and individuals worldwide. No definite and specific treatment has been discovered up till now, apart from symptomatic or experimental treatments. Individuals with chronic disease comorbidity are identified to have worse outcomes and greater risk of mortality. Moreover, certain chronic infectious disease, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is also included as affected individuals by COVID-19 with unknown extent. Various recent studies suggested that there is no higher risk of COVID-19 among HIV-infected population, but subjects are limited. Additionally, controversies still exist regarding the outcome of COVID-19 in HIVinfected population as well as the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in COVID-19. Another problems regarding COVID-19 pandemic in this context impede medical access and disturb adherence to ART in HIV patients, further increasing risk of lethal morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Because of the urgency of COVID-19 pandemic as well as chronicity, mortality, and great number of HIV infections, clinicians should be aware of the relationship between HIV infection and COVID-19. This review article summarized the association between HIV infection and COVID-19 during the pandemic, including the current evidence of ART in COVID-19.
{"title":"COVID-19 among HIV-infected population","authors":"D. Daniella, Alfred Setyono, Marianto Marianto","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111534","url":null,"abstract":"Novel coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, has been declared as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. The devastating impact of COVID-19 has affected every sectors and individuals worldwide. No definite and specific treatment has been discovered up till now, apart from symptomatic or experimental treatments. Individuals with chronic disease comorbidity are identified to have worse outcomes and greater risk of mortality. Moreover, certain chronic infectious disease, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is also included as affected individuals by COVID-19 with unknown extent. Various recent studies suggested that there is no higher risk of COVID-19 among HIV-infected population, but subjects are limited. Additionally, controversies still exist regarding the outcome of COVID-19 in HIVinfected population as well as the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in COVID-19. Another problems regarding COVID-19 pandemic in this context impede medical access and disturb adherence to ART in HIV patients, further increasing risk of lethal morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Because of the urgency of COVID-19 pandemic as well as chronicity, mortality, and great number of HIV infections, clinicians should be aware of the relationship between HIV infection and COVID-19. This review article summarized the association between HIV infection and COVID-19 during the pandemic, including the current evidence of ART in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82711693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107219
A. Kiwanuka, E. Walakira, L. Andersson, D. Mafigiri
{"title":"Impact of stigma on HIV treatment seeking behavior among the youth living with HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: critical review of literature","authors":"A. Kiwanuka, E. Walakira, L. Andersson, D. Mafigiri","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.107219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81131892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105050
P. Achdiat, Rasmia Rowawi, H. Gunawan, O. Suwarsa, Catherina Jessica Sutantoyo
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease are more likely to develop anogenital warts (AGW) compared to HIV-negative people, and are susceptible to treatment failures and illness recurrences. Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) is extracted from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of GA 0.1% spray as a treatment for external AGW, but its role in immunocompromised patients has not been explored. The current study reported two cases of HIV-positive patients with AGW who experienced partial remission using GA 0.1% spray. The treatment was applied by the patients three times a day for eight weeks. Treatment evaluation were made by using visual inspection and dermoscopy image analysis. After twelve weeks, clinical observation revealed poor improvement with only slight reduction in number and size of the lesions; although dermoscopy findings revealed an evolution from finger-like to knob-like pattern. GA facilitate the development of T helper lymphocytes in cell-mediated immune response, whereas in HIV, there are a decreased number of T helper lymphocytes. This may explain poor therapeutic response in our patient. Dermoscope is useful in the evaluation of treatment progress, especially when invisible to unaided eye. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 65-69 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105050
与艾滋病毒阴性的人相比，患有人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)疾病的患者更容易发生肛门生殖器疣(AGW)，并且容易受到治疗失败和疾病复发的影响。甘草酸(GA)是从甘草根(glycyrhiza glabra)中提取的。先前的研究已经证明了0.1% GA喷雾治疗外源性AGW的有效性，但其在免疫功能低下患者中的作用尚未探讨。目前的研究报告了两例hiv阳性的AGW患者，他们使用0.1%的GA喷雾剂获得了部分缓解。患者每天进行三次治疗，持续八周。采用目视检查和皮肤镜图像分析对治疗效果进行评价。12周后，临床观察显示改善不佳，仅病变数量和大小略有减少;虽然皮肤镜检查结果显示从手指样到旋钮样的演变。GA在细胞介导的免疫应答中促进T辅助淋巴细胞的发育，而在HIV中，T辅助淋巴细胞的数量减少。这也许可以解释我们的病人治疗反应差的原因。皮肤镜在评估治疗进展方面是有用的，特别是当肉眼看不见时。HIV / AIDS Rev 2021;DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105050
{"title":"Clinical dermatoscopical response of glycyrrhizinic acid 0.1% spray in treating external anogenital warts in HIV patients: a case series","authors":"P. Achdiat, Rasmia Rowawi, H. Gunawan, O. Suwarsa, Catherina Jessica Sutantoyo","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105050","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease are more likely to develop anogenital warts (AGW) compared to HIV-negative people, and are susceptible to treatment failures and illness recurrences. Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) is extracted from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of GA 0.1% spray as a treatment for external AGW, but its role in immunocompromised patients has not been explored. The current study reported two cases of HIV-positive patients with AGW who experienced partial remission using GA 0.1% spray. The treatment was applied by the patients three times a day for eight weeks. Treatment evaluation were made by using visual inspection and dermoscopy image analysis. After twelve weeks, clinical observation revealed poor improvement with only slight reduction in number and size of the lesions; although dermoscopy findings revealed an evolution from finger-like to knob-like pattern. GA facilitate the development of T helper lymphocytes in cell-mediated immune response, whereas in HIV, there are a decreased number of T helper lymphocytes. This may explain poor therapeutic response in our patient. Dermoscope is useful in the evaluation of treatment progress, especially when invisible to unaided eye. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 65-69 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105050","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2021.111536
T. Mikuła, Dagny C. Krankowska, A. Wiercińska-Drapało
Sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality of patients worldwide, and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at higher risk of developing it. Given the importance of quick diagnosis, the demand for sepsis biomarkers is high. In this article, the authors reviewed the available sepsis biomarkers, and assessed whether the biomarkers were analyzed in patients with HIV/AIDS. We investigated the available literature on classic inflammatory biomarkers, such as procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as new biomarkers of sepsis, including soluble form of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), proadrenomedullin (proADM), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1), growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), and microRNA (miRNA) in immunocompetent patients and patients living with HIV/AIDS. Various biomarkers have a diagnostic value (PCT, sTREM-1), others present a prognostic value (suPAR, Gas6, PSP, HBP), and some biomarkers have both values (IL-6, proADM, sCD14-ST, miRNA). Combining at least two different biomarkers has the best potential to bring high sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. To our knowledge, many of discussed novel inflammatory biomarkers, such as presepsin, pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein (PSP/reg), or heparin-binding protein (HBP), were not yet studied in a population of patients with HIV/AIDS and sepsis. of sepsis. Monitoring at least two biomarkers might increase the chance of early detection of sepsis. Further research is needed to find biomarkers diagnosing sepsis in patients with AIDS.
{"title":"The newest and classic biomarkers of sepsis in HIV-infected adult patients","authors":"T. Mikuła, Dagny C. Krankowska, A. Wiercińska-Drapało","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111536","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality of patients worldwide, and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at higher risk of developing it. Given the importance of quick diagnosis, the demand for sepsis biomarkers is high. In this article, the authors reviewed the available sepsis biomarkers, and assessed whether the biomarkers were analyzed in patients with HIV/AIDS. We investigated the available literature on classic inflammatory biomarkers, such as procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as new biomarkers of sepsis, including soluble form of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), proadrenomedullin (proADM), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1), growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), and microRNA (miRNA) in immunocompetent patients and patients living with HIV/AIDS. Various biomarkers have a diagnostic value (PCT, sTREM-1), others present a prognostic value (suPAR, Gas6, PSP, HBP), and some biomarkers have both values (IL-6, proADM, sCD14-ST, miRNA). Combining at least two different biomarkers has the best potential to bring high sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. To our knowledge, many of discussed novel inflammatory biomarkers, such as presepsin, pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein (PSP/reg), or heparin-binding protein (HBP), were not yet studied in a population of patients with HIV/AIDS and sepsis. of sepsis. Monitoring at least two biomarkers might increase the chance of early detection of sepsis. Further research is needed to find biomarkers diagnosing sepsis in patients with AIDS.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"242 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80526169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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