Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.99682
M. Marjani, Mahta Moinpour, A. Kiani, M. Sadr, H. Emami, Roya Sepehrnia, A. Moniri, P. Tabarsi, D. Mansouri
Introduction: Respiratory diseases, including infectious and non-infectious complications are common among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We aimed to determine the performance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), bronchoalveolar lavage, and transbronchial lung biopsy in HIV-infected patients. Material and methods: The current retrospective study was performed in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from January 2003 to March 2017. Patients with HIV infection and 836 episodes of respiratory manifestations were selected. Indications, outcomes as well as results and complications of bronchoscopy were extracted. Performance of bronchoscopy to determine definite etiology and its ability to rule out other differential diagnoses were evaluated. Results: The indications of FOB were found in 289 subjects (34.6%) with respiratory diseases, of whom only 220 patients had undergone the procedure. Bronchoscopy confirming a final diagnosis was found in 87 (39.5%) patients and a diagnostic benefit was noted for minimum 66.7% of the subjects. Diagnostic ability of bronchoscopy was higher in patients suspected of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), tuberculosis (TB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis, and in cases with ground-glass opacity and diffuse lung infiltrates (p-value: 0.003 and 0.035, respectively), and lower for subjects demonstrating reticulonodular infiltrations and right middle and lower lobes involvement (p-value: 0.008, 0.005, and 0.045, respectively). Procedure-related complications were reported in five subjects. Conclusions: FOB is a significantly advantageous and safe procedure in HIV-infected patients. Its diagnostic yield is higher in patients with ground-glass opacity and diffuse infiltration in chest computed tomography scan. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 3: 172-179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.99682
{"title":"Clinical outcomes and complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in HIV-infected patients","authors":"M. Marjani, Mahta Moinpour, A. Kiani, M. Sadr, H. Emami, Roya Sepehrnia, A. Moniri, P. Tabarsi, D. Mansouri","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.99682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.99682","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Respiratory diseases, including infectious and non-infectious complications are common among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We aimed to determine the performance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), bronchoalveolar lavage, and transbronchial lung biopsy in HIV-infected patients. Material and methods: The current retrospective study was performed in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from January 2003 to March 2017. Patients with HIV infection and 836 episodes of respiratory manifestations were selected. Indications, outcomes as well as results and complications of bronchoscopy were extracted. Performance of bronchoscopy to determine definite etiology and its ability to rule out other differential diagnoses were evaluated. Results: The indications of FOB were found in 289 subjects (34.6%) with respiratory diseases, of whom only 220 patients had undergone the procedure. Bronchoscopy confirming a final diagnosis was found in 87 (39.5%) patients and a diagnostic benefit was noted for minimum 66.7% of the subjects. Diagnostic ability of bronchoscopy was higher in patients suspected of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), tuberculosis (TB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis, and in cases with ground-glass opacity and diffuse lung infiltrates (p-value: 0.003 and 0.035, respectively), and lower for subjects demonstrating reticulonodular infiltrations and right middle and lower lobes involvement (p-value: 0.008, 0.005, and 0.045, respectively). Procedure-related complications were reported in five subjects. Conclusions: FOB is a significantly advantageous and safe procedure in HIV-infected patients. Its diagnostic yield is higher in patients with ground-glass opacity and diffuse infiltration in chest computed tomography scan. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 3: 172-179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.99682","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79084523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.96242
M. Kamiński, P. Prymas, Anna Konobrodzka, P. Filberek, G. Sibrecht, Wojciech Sierocki, Z. Osińska, P. Bogdański
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an independent risk factor of arterial hypertension. There is a limited data on blood pressure among HIV-positive patients living in rural areas in Africa according to the clinical progress of the disease. The aim of the study was to compare blood pressure (BP) parameters among HIV-positive adults with advanced and non-advanced HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) living in rural Kenya. Material and methods: In this prospective, two-center, cross-sectional study, we examined HIV-positive individuals visiting the outpatient department for a routine check-up. BP was measured by OMRON M2 Basic BP monitor (Omron, Japan) and clinical data was collected from patients’ data charts. World Health Organization AIDS clinical stage (WACS) equal to 1 was defined as non-advanced HIV, while WACS equals 2, 3, or 4 were classified as advanced HIV. Data presented as median (inter-quartile range). Results: From the total of 245 (female, 192; 78%) participants, 162 individuals presented non-advanced HIV disease, whereas 83 had advanced HIV. Both groups did not differ significantly regarding sex, age, time since HIV diagnosis, body mass index, waist circumference, use of antiretroviral treatment, nor presence of abnormal blood pressure. However, there were significant differences between patients with non-advanced HIV and advanced HIV in diastolic BP (DBP) [71 (64-77) vs. 81 (75-88); p < 0.0001], mean BP (MBP) [87 (80-94) vs. 95 (88-102); p < 0.0001], and pulse pressure (PP) [48 (42-56) vs. 43 (35-50); p < 0.0001]. A tendency, but not significant difference between study groups in systolic BP [119 (109-129) vs. 122 (114-133); p = 0.07] was observed. Conclusions: HIV-positive patients with advanced form of HIV disease have higher DBP, MBP, and lower PP than individuals with non-advanced HIV living in rural Kenya.
人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)是动脉性高血压的独立危险因素。根据该疾病的临床进展，非洲农村地区艾滋病毒阳性患者的血压数据有限。该研究的目的是比较生活在肯尼亚农村的HIV阳性成人晚期和非晚期HIV/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者的血压(BP)参数。材料和方法:在这项前瞻性、双中心、横断面研究中，我们检查了到门诊进行常规检查的hiv阳性个体。采用OMRON M2型基本型血压监测仪(OMRON, Japan)测量血压，临床数据采集患者数据图表。世界卫生组织艾滋病临床分期(World Health Organization AIDS clinical stage, WACS)等于1的定义为非晚期HIV，等于2、3或4的定义为晚期HIV。数据以中位数(四分位数范围)表示。结果:共245例(女192例;78%的参与者，162人表现为非晚期艾滋病毒疾病，而83人表现为晚期艾滋病毒。两组在性别、年龄、自HIV诊断以来的时间、体重指数、腰围、抗逆转录病毒治疗的使用以及血压异常方面没有显著差异。然而，非晚期HIV患者和晚期HIV患者的舒张压(DBP)有显著差异[71 (64-77)vs. 81 (75-88);p < 0.0001]，平均血压(MBP) [87 (80-94) vs. 95 (88-102);p < 0.0001]，脉压(PP) [48 (42-56) vs. 43 (35-50)];P < 0.0001]。研究组之间收缩压有趋势，但无显著差异[119 (109-129)vs. 122 (114-133);P = 0.07]。结论:生活在肯尼亚农村的HIV阳性晚期HIV患者比非晚期HIV患者有更高的DBP、MBP和更低的PP。
{"title":"Blood pressure in relation to the World Health Organization AIDS clinical staging among adults living in rural Kenya","authors":"M. Kamiński, P. Prymas, Anna Konobrodzka, P. Filberek, G. Sibrecht, Wojciech Sierocki, Z. Osińska, P. Bogdański","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.96242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.96242","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an independent risk factor of arterial hypertension. There is a limited data on blood pressure among HIV-positive patients living in rural areas in Africa according to the clinical progress of the disease. The aim of the study was to compare blood pressure (BP) parameters among HIV-positive adults with advanced and non-advanced HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) living in rural Kenya. Material and methods: In this prospective, two-center, cross-sectional study, we examined HIV-positive individuals visiting the outpatient department for a routine check-up. BP was measured by OMRON M2 Basic BP monitor (Omron, Japan) and clinical data was collected from patients’ data charts. World Health Organization AIDS clinical stage (WACS) equal to 1 was defined as non-advanced HIV, while WACS equals 2, 3, or 4 were classified as advanced HIV. Data presented as median (inter-quartile range). Results: From the total of 245 (female, 192; 78%) participants, 162 individuals presented non-advanced HIV disease, whereas 83 had advanced HIV. Both groups did not differ significantly regarding sex, age, time since HIV diagnosis, body mass index, waist circumference, use of antiretroviral treatment, nor presence of abnormal blood pressure. However, there were significant differences between patients with non-advanced HIV and advanced HIV in diastolic BP (DBP) [71 (64-77) vs. 81 (75-88); p < 0.0001], mean BP (MBP) [87 (80-94) vs. 95 (88-102); p < 0.0001], and pulse pressure (PP) [48 (42-56) vs. 43 (35-50); p < 0.0001]. A tendency, but not significant difference between study groups in systolic BP [119 (109-129) vs. 122 (114-133); p = 0.07] was observed. Conclusions: HIV-positive patients with advanced form of HIV disease have higher DBP, MBP, and lower PP than individuals with non-advanced HIV living in rural Kenya.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84028441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.93179
Neda Moein, R. Khadivi, Z. Amini, M. Meshkati
Introduction: Universal health coverage (UHC) was introduced in Iran in 2014. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usage rate of health services by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients after UHC implementation. Material and methods: In 2018, in a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the outpatients’ needs (within its previous month) and inpatients’ needs (within its previous 6 months) of HIV/AIDS patients in Isfahan province (the center of Iran). Concurrently, we estimated the essential health care services that HIV/AIDS patients have to receive regularly, including vaccination for hepatitis B, measurement of CD4, tuberculosis (TB) assessments and TB treatment, anti-retroviral therapy, examination of viral load, treatment approach, and drug side effects counseling. Two checklists were used for assessing the utilization of health services and essential health cares for HIV/AIDS patients, validated by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Data were analyzed by χ 2 test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s correlation test. Results: Two hundred and thirteen HIV/AIDS patients completed the questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 41.14 ± 9.23. The outpatient service utilization rate was 31.94% in the previous month and the rate of hospitalization was 126 per 1,000 HIV/AIDS patients in the previous 6 months. The majority of HIV/AIDS patients received essential health services more often than the national standard goals estimation. Conclusions: After UHC implementation, the utilization rate of outpatients and inpatients services in HIV/AIDS patients was more than similar indices in the general population. In addition, HIV/AIDS patients received essential health services adequately.
{"title":"Evaluation of healthcare usage rate in HIV/AIDS patients in Isfahan, Iran in 2018","authors":"Neda Moein, R. Khadivi, Z. Amini, M. Meshkati","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.93179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93179","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Universal health coverage (UHC) was introduced in Iran in 2014. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usage rate of health services by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients after UHC implementation. Material and methods: In 2018, in a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the outpatients’ needs (within its previous month) and inpatients’ needs (within its previous 6 months) of HIV/AIDS patients in Isfahan province (the center of Iran). Concurrently, we estimated the essential health care services that HIV/AIDS patients have to receive regularly, including vaccination for hepatitis B, measurement of CD4, tuberculosis (TB) assessments and TB treatment, anti-retroviral therapy, examination of viral load, treatment approach, and drug side effects counseling. Two checklists were used for assessing the utilization of health services and essential health cares for HIV/AIDS patients, validated by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Data were analyzed by χ 2 test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s correlation test. Results: Two hundred and thirteen HIV/AIDS patients completed the questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 41.14 ± 9.23. The outpatient service utilization rate was 31.94% in the previous month and the rate of hospitalization was 126 per 1,000 HIV/AIDS patients in the previous 6 months. The majority of HIV/AIDS patients received essential health services more often than the national standard goals estimation. Conclusions: After UHC implementation, the utilization rate of outpatients and inpatients services in HIV/AIDS patients was more than similar indices in the general population. In addition, HIV/AIDS patients received essential health services adequately.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74439104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.93159
B. Munir, S. Rianawati, Harun Al Rosyid
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic disease that also affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, but there are currently no research studies about cognitive function in cerebral toxoplasmosis patients, especially in terms of the effect of early treatment for this disease. The aim of the study was to compare cognitive function disorder of cerebral toxoplasmosis patients before and after early treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Material and methods: The longitudinal study were conducted among neuroinfection patients who registered in the Neurology Department of Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia during JanuaryDecember 2016. The inclusion criteria were: cerebral toxoplasmosis patients, HIV-positive status, head computed tomography (CT) scan performed, IgG and IgM toxoplasmosis, and patients willing participate in the study. The exclusion criteria were: other masses in the brain besides toxoplasmaderived, depression, patients not cooperative, or loss of consciousness. Samples were taken by continuous random sampling with Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test. The duration for anti-toxoplasma early therapy was 2-4 weeks. Results: From a total of 31 patients, 13 patients met the inclusion criteria, with an average age of 37 years old (range, 26-67 years). The average CD4+ was 45.75 dl (8-85 dl). The result of cognitive function examination for pre-therapy was 24.85 and after therapy 26.54 (p = 0.07). The clock-drawing test before treatment was 3.15 and increased to 3.39 after treatment (p = 0.41). Conclusion: No significant difference in cognitive function disorder before and after cerebral toxoplasmosis early therapy was found. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 1: 30-33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93159
{"title":"The comparison of cognitive function disorder before and after early therapy for cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients","authors":"B. Munir, S. Rianawati, Harun Al Rosyid","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.93159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93159","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic disease that also affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, but there are currently no research studies about cognitive function in cerebral toxoplasmosis patients, especially in terms of the effect of early treatment for this disease. The aim of the study was to compare cognitive function disorder of cerebral toxoplasmosis patients before and after early treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Material and methods: The longitudinal study were conducted among neuroinfection patients who registered in the Neurology Department of Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia during JanuaryDecember 2016. The inclusion criteria were: cerebral toxoplasmosis patients, HIV-positive status, head computed tomography (CT) scan performed, IgG and IgM toxoplasmosis, and patients willing participate in the study. The exclusion criteria were: other masses in the brain besides toxoplasmaderived, depression, patients not cooperative, or loss of consciousness. Samples were taken by continuous random sampling with Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test. The duration for anti-toxoplasma early therapy was 2-4 weeks. Results: From a total of 31 patients, 13 patients met the inclusion criteria, with an average age of 37 years old (range, 26-67 years). The average CD4+ was 45.75 dl (8-85 dl). The result of cognitive function examination for pre-therapy was 24.85 and after therapy 26.54 (p = 0.07). The clock-drawing test before treatment was 3.15 and increased to 3.39 after treatment (p = 0.41). Conclusion: No significant difference in cognitive function disorder before and after cerebral toxoplasmosis early therapy was found. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 1: 30-33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93159","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/hivar.2020.93159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71090710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.93178
Colti Sistiarani, Bambang Hariyadi, Munasib Munasib, S. M. Sari
Introduction: Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) becomes a serious problem in Banyumas Regency, particularly in Cilongok and South Purwokerto sub-districts. The aim of this study was to map the stigma and analyze the gender dimensions according to access, roles, benefit, and control. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. The population and sample taken in a quantitative research included 193 participants of fertile age couples (couples of childbearing age) in Banyumas Regency from Cilongok and South Purwokerto sub-district. Paired t-test was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the research, most of the respondents were between 36 and 49 years old (66.33%). Men and women ratio were almost equal, resulting in 49.74% and 50.26%, respectively. The majority of respondents had a high level of education (39.37%), not working resulted in 53.88%, while those having children accounted for 67.87%. The outcomes of the study revealed that there was no stigma reduction in role and gender equality improvement according to sex category. There were differences in role reduction stigma between urban and rural communities, and also differences in the role of gender equality improvement in urban and rural areas. Conclusions: There are differences in role reduction stigma and also discrepancies in the role of gender equality improvement between urban and rural communities. It is important to pay attention to residence area factor in the effort of implementing a prevention program for HIV and AIDS. It can be related to the prevailing approaches to HIV and AIDS prevention policies and programs. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 1: 61-66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93178
{"title":"Stigma and gender dimension based on rural and urban communities in preventing HIV and AIDS in childbearing age couples in Banyumas Regency","authors":"Colti Sistiarani, Bambang Hariyadi, Munasib Munasib, S. M. Sari","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.93178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93178","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) becomes a serious problem in Banyumas Regency, particularly in Cilongok and South Purwokerto sub-districts. The aim of this study was to map the stigma and analyze the gender dimensions according to access, roles, benefit, and control. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. The population and sample taken in a quantitative research included 193 participants of fertile age couples (couples of childbearing age) in Banyumas Regency from Cilongok and South Purwokerto sub-district. Paired t-test was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the research, most of the respondents were between 36 and 49 years old (66.33%). Men and women ratio were almost equal, resulting in 49.74% and 50.26%, respectively. The majority of respondents had a high level of education (39.37%), not working resulted in 53.88%, while those having children accounted for 67.87%. The outcomes of the study revealed that there was no stigma reduction in role and gender equality improvement according to sex category. There were differences in role reduction stigma between urban and rural communities, and also differences in the role of gender equality improvement in urban and rural areas. Conclusions: There are differences in role reduction stigma and also discrepancies in the role of gender equality improvement between urban and rural communities. It is important to pay attention to residence area factor in the effort of implementing a prevention program for HIV and AIDS. It can be related to the prevailing approaches to HIV and AIDS prevention policies and programs. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 1: 61-66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93178","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/hivar.2020.93178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71090950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.96430
Akanksha Raj, N. Shetty
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus from Papillomavirus family, and is one of the most widely reported sexual infection, which is not only related to ano-genital malignancies, but also associated with head and neck cancers, with chronic periodontitis being one of the risk factor for the same. Chronic periodontitis leads to loss of tissue structures of and around periodontium and is clinically detectable in the form of periodontal pocket and loss of alveolar bone. A variety of other systemic diseases have also been found to be linked to chronic periodontitis, such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, etc., and recent data show that it is also related to malignancies of oral cavity. Junctional epithelium of periodontal pocket helps HPV to survive by facilitating the cellular functions to grow and hence, acts as a reservoir for the virus. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaero bic bacteria and HPV interacts both directly and indirectly in a series of complex reactions and as a result of some inflammatory reactions, this association further leads to commencement and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or oral squamous cell carcinoma. This article reviews the pathophysiology of oral human papillomavirus infection and its role in head and neck cancers, with chronic periodontitis as one of the causative factors. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 2: 74-77 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.96430
{"title":"Periodontitis as a reservoir of human papillomavirus in the causation of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review","authors":"Akanksha Raj, N. Shetty","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.96430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.96430","url":null,"abstract":"Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus from Papillomavirus family, and is one of the most widely reported sexual infection, which is not only related to ano-genital malignancies, but also associated with head and neck cancers, with chronic periodontitis being one of the risk factor for the same. Chronic periodontitis leads to loss of tissue structures of and around periodontium and is clinically detectable in the form of periodontal pocket and loss of alveolar bone. A variety of other systemic diseases have also been found to be linked to chronic periodontitis, such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, etc., and recent data show that it is also related to malignancies of oral cavity. Junctional epithelium of periodontal pocket helps HPV to survive by facilitating the cellular functions to grow and hence, acts as a reservoir for the virus. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaero bic bacteria and HPV interacts both directly and indirectly in a series of complex reactions and as a result of some inflammatory reactions, this association further leads to commencement and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or oral squamous cell carcinoma. This article reviews the pathophysiology of oral human papillomavirus infection and its role in head and neck cancers, with chronic periodontitis as one of the causative factors. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 2: 74-77 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.96430","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"876 1","pages":"74-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/hivar.2020.96430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.99688
A. Mehri, Y. Alimohamadi, M. Mohammadi, M. Sepandi, F. Khodamoradi, Firooz Eesmaeilzadeh
{"title":"Trend of HIV and tuberculosis co-epidemics in different regions of World Health Organization during 2003-2017","authors":"A. Mehri, Y. Alimohamadi, M. Mohammadi, M. Sepandi, F. Khodamoradi, Firooz Eesmaeilzadeh","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.99688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.99688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.93189
S. Ganguly, Debjit Chakraborty, D. N. Goswami
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not change the course of pregnancy, but seems to exert adverse obstetric outcomes like low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, or stillbirth. Antiretroviral treatment seems to reduce the chance of adverse outcomes. Frequently, HIV-infected women also seems to opt for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). This study is to compare adverse obstetric outcomes and MTP rate for HIV-infected pregnancy with that in the general population irrespective of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out through analysis of secondary data from 314 integrated counselling and testing centers across the state of West Bengal from October 2016 to December 2017. A total number of 227 HIV-infected on ART pregnancies, whose obstetric outcomes happened during the study period were followed up, and rate for low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and MTP were calculated, and it was compared with still birth rate of the state among all pregnancies as per data of the District Level Household Survey 4 from 2013. Results: Rates for low birth weight (28.04 per 100 pregnancy outcomes), spontaneous abortion (4.85 per 100), stillbirth (2.64 per 100), and MTP (9.25 per 100 live birth) were found to be significantly high for HIV-infected pregnancies on ART, as compared to the general population. MTP rates and low birth weight rates for general pregnancies did not fall within the 95% confidence interval of those rates for HIV-infected pregnancies. Conclusion: HIV infection was responsible for significant adverse obstetric outcome irrespective of antiretroviral treatment. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 1: 39-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93189
{"title":"A retrospective study on adverse obstetric outcomes in HIV-infected pregnancy in West Bengal, India","authors":"S. Ganguly, Debjit Chakraborty, D. N. Goswami","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.93189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93189","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not change the course of pregnancy, but seems to exert adverse obstetric outcomes like low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, or stillbirth. Antiretroviral treatment seems to reduce the chance of adverse outcomes. Frequently, HIV-infected women also seems to opt for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). This study is to compare adverse obstetric outcomes and MTP rate for HIV-infected pregnancy with that in the general population irrespective of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out through analysis of secondary data from 314 integrated counselling and testing centers across the state of West Bengal from October 2016 to December 2017. A total number of 227 HIV-infected on ART pregnancies, whose obstetric outcomes happened during the study period were followed up, and rate for low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and MTP were calculated, and it was compared with still birth rate of the state among all pregnancies as per data of the District Level Household Survey 4 from 2013. Results: Rates for low birth weight (28.04 per 100 pregnancy outcomes), spontaneous abortion (4.85 per 100), stillbirth (2.64 per 100), and MTP (9.25 per 100 live birth) were found to be significantly high for HIV-infected pregnancies on ART, as compared to the general population. MTP rates and low birth weight rates for general pregnancies did not fall within the 95% confidence interval of those rates for HIV-infected pregnancies. Conclusion: HIV infection was responsible for significant adverse obstetric outcome irrespective of antiretroviral treatment. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 1: 39-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93189","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/hivar.2020.93189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71090666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.93331
L. Makhado, Boipelo Seekane
Occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among nurses had been reported to be a major challenge in South African and broader African context. There seems to be an increase in the level of exposure and uptake of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Africa. This had warranted the need to establish a systematic review on the level of knowledge among nurses regarding PEP in the African continent. The search engines used included: EBSco Host (North-West University [NWU] library), Sabinet, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The search was limited to the current decade (2008-2018), including articles that are in English.
{"title":"Knowledge regarding post-exposure prophylaxis amongst nurses \u0000in an African context","authors":"L. Makhado, Boipelo Seekane","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.93331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93331","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among nurses had been reported to be a major challenge in South African and broader African context. There seems to be an increase in the level of exposure and uptake of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Africa. This had warranted the need to establish a systematic review on the level of knowledge among nurses regarding PEP in the African continent. The search engines used included: EBSco Host (North-West University [NWU] library), Sabinet, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The search was limited to the current decade (2008-2018), including articles that are in English.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/hivar.2020.93331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71091020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5114/hivar.2020.101595
M. Zareipour, Ehsan Movahed, R. Sadeghi, Ahmad Sotoudeh, S. Sadeghi, Mahboobe Ameri
Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the important and complex complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and anthropometry is a valuable clinical indicator in health planning and policy making among HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anthropometric indices, eating habits, and their association with CD4 in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Material and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all individuals with HIV/ AIDS over 20 years of age, who referred to a behavioral diseases counseling center in Iran in 2018. Census sampling method was conducted, and 122 patients were selected. Anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods, and nutritional status questionnaire was used to assess patients’ nutritional status. Results: The mean body mass index in women and men were 25 and 22 kg/m2, respectively. Abdominal obesity was 0.89 and 0.87 cm in female and male patients, respectively. Furthermore, 64% of patients had poor eating habits. Among food groups, consumption of water ( p = 0.05) and carbonated drinks ( p = 0.034) were significantly different between men and women. Among dietary groups, only meat and legumes group had a significant association with CD4 level ( p = 0.047). Conclusions: Although 57% of patients with HIV infection were within normal range, abdominal obesity was higher than standard values, and two thirds of the participants presented poor eating habits. Therefore, nutritional interventions are of great importance in this group of patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of anthropometric indices, eating habits, and their relationship \u0000with CD4 level in individuals with HIV/AIDS","authors":"M. Zareipour, Ehsan Movahed, R. Sadeghi, Ahmad Sotoudeh, S. Sadeghi, Mahboobe Ameri","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.101595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.101595","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the important and complex complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and anthropometry is a valuable clinical indicator in health planning and policy making among HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anthropometric indices, eating habits, and their association with CD4 in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Material and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all individuals with HIV/ AIDS over 20 years of age, who referred to a behavioral diseases counseling center in Iran in 2018. Census sampling method was conducted, and 122 patients were selected. Anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods, and nutritional status questionnaire was used to assess patients’ nutritional status. Results: The mean body mass index in women and men were 25 and 22 kg/m2, respectively. Abdominal obesity was 0.89 and 0.87 cm in female and male patients, respectively. Furthermore, 64% of patients had poor eating habits. Among food groups, consumption of water ( p = 0.05) and carbonated drinks ( p = 0.034) were significantly different between men and women. Among dietary groups, only meat and legumes group had a significant association with CD4 level ( p = 0.047). Conclusions: Although 57% of patients with HIV infection were within normal range, abdominal obesity was higher than standard values, and two thirds of the participants presented poor eating habits. Therefore, nutritional interventions are of great importance in this group of patients.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82677049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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