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Resilience Within Constraints: An Event Oriented Approach to Crisis Response 约束条件下的复原力:以事件为导向的危机应对方法
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/01492063231225166
Maria Minniti, Zachary Rodriguez, Trent A. Williams
Scholars have started unpacking how individuals, organizations, and communities interact to build a shared capacity for resilience. This research, however, has not yet examined how the institutional environment influences local responses to crises. This is an important omission since crises do not occur in a vacuum—decisions of actors, at one level, constrain or catalyze the resilience responses of communities and the individuals and organizations within them. Furthermore, research on resilience often assumes a relatively static nature of crises, without accounting for the need to revise responses over time. Using an original set of high frequency data on COVID-19 rates in the United States, we investigate the relationship between healthcare decision agency at the county level and the incidence of the pandemic as reflected in the number of COVID cases and death by county. Our results provide robust evidence that higher degrees of decision-making autonomy are associated with lower rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths. That is, a positive relationship exists between decision-making autonomy and higher capacities for resilience. We further show that this relationship is strengthened, the larger and more heterogeneous is the mix of healthcare organizations in a county, and the higher is the need for revising responses given the changing nature of the crisis. Our results emphasize the need for a system approach to the study of resilience, and suggest that, by enabling the customization of responses to local needs and resources, decision-making autonomy enhances the shared capacities for resilience.
学者们已经开始研究个人、组织和社区如何相互作用,以建立共同的抗灾能力。然而,这项研究尚未考察制度环境如何影响地方对危机的反应。这是一个重要的疏漏,因为危机并不是在真空中发生的--行动者的决定在一个层面上制约或促进了社区以及社区中的个人和组织的抗灾反应。此外,有关抗灾能力的研究往往假定危机具有相对静态的性质,而没有考虑到随着时间的推移需要修改应对措施。利用美国 COVID-19 发病率的一组原始高频数据,我们研究了县级医疗决策机构与大流行病发病率之间的关系,大流行病发病率反映在各县的 COVID 病例数和死亡人数上。我们的研究结果提供了有力的证据,表明决策自主程度越高,COVID-19 的发病率和死亡率越低。也就是说,决策自主权与较高的抗灾能力之间存在正相关关系。我们进一步表明,一个县的医疗机构规模越大、异质性越强,这种关系就越密切,而且随着危机性质的不断变化,修改应对措施的需求也越高。我们的研究结果强调了采用系统方法研究抗灾能力的必要性,并表明决策自主权可根据当地需求和资源定制应对措施,从而增强共同的抗灾能力。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Virtual Impression Management Behaviors and Outcomes 虚拟印象管理行为和结果回顾
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/01492063231225160
Hayley Blunden, Andrew Brodsky
Over the past half century, virtual interactions have become a mainstay of contemporary organizations, whether leveraged for formal job interviews or day-to-day communication. Despite this central role, there is a lack of a holistic understanding of how employees make and manage impressions in these virtual contexts. In this article, we review, organize, and evaluate the state of the growing body of cross-disciplinary research on virtual impression management. We develop a guiding theoretical framework that identifies three categories of virtual impression management behavior (verbal, nonverbal, and meta behavior) that meaningfully alter impressions, and the conditions under which these outcomes vary. Through considering this body of research as a whole, we highlight that virtual interactions are quite rich when it comes to creating impressions. By illustrating where virtual impression management research has concentrated thus far, our review enables us to conclude by offering an agenda for future research on virtual impression management.
在过去的半个世纪里,虚拟互动已成为当代组织的主流,无论是正式的求职面试还是日常交流都是如此。尽管扮演着核心角色,但人们对员工如何在这些虚拟情境中建立和管理印象却缺乏全面的了解。在本文中,我们回顾、整理并评估了不断发展的虚拟印象管理跨学科研究的现状。我们建立了一个指导性理论框架,确定了有意义地改变印象的三类虚拟印象管理行为(语言、非语言和元行为),以及这些结果发生变化的条件。通过将这些研究作为一个整体来考虑,我们强调虚拟互动在创造印象方面是相当丰富的。通过说明迄今为止虚拟印象管理研究的集中领域,我们的综述使我们能够为虚拟印象管理的未来研究提供一个议程,从而得出结论。
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引用次数: 0
Firm Formalization Strategy: The Interaction of Entrepreneurs and Government Officials in the Enforcement of Regulation 公司正规化战略:企业家与政府官员在执行法规中的互动
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/01492063231224332
Ashenafi Biru, Pia Arenius, Garry Bruton, David Gilbert
This research investigates how entrepreneurs in an early-stage market economy decide their level of compliance with formal rules and finds the manner in which they interact with government officials to operate on a continuum of formality. Focusing on the nonmarket strategy approaches entrepreneurs employ to establish relationships with government officials, we build a model that shows how entrepreneurs adopt strategies aligned with their firm’s level of formality, spanning low to high formality practices. We draw on qualitative interview data from entrepreneurs who exhibit varying levels of compliance with state-provided rules and guidelines. We inductively theorize that deciding the firms’ level of formality involves strategic interaction approaches with government officials responsible for rule enforcement. Our findings highlight that the interaction strategies entrepreneurs use hinge on the political capital they possess, eliciting the desired response from government officials, and dissuading the officials from enforcing formal rules or imposing sanctions for informality. We offer theoretical and policy implications for future work on the nuances of firm formality and the interaction between entrepreneurs and government officials.
本研究探讨了早期市场经济中的企业家如何决定其遵守正式规则的程度,并发现他们与政府官员的互动方式是在一个连续的正式性过程中进行的。我们将重点放在企业家与政府官员建立关系时所采用的非市场战略方法上,建立了一个模型,显示企业家如何根据其公司的正规化程度(从低正规化到高正规化)采取相应的战略。我们借鉴了企业家的定性访谈数据,这些企业家在遵守国家规定的规则和指导方针方面表现出不同的水平。我们从理论上归纳出,决定企业的正规化水平涉及与负责规则执行的政府官员的战略互动方法。我们的研究结果表明,企业家所使用的互动策略取决于他们所拥有的政治资本、从政府官员那里获得期望的回应,以及劝阻政府官员执行正规规则或对非正规性实施制裁。我们为今后研究企业正规性的细微差别以及企业家与政府官员之间的互动提供了理论和政策启示。
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引用次数: 0
Many Roads to Success: Broadening Our Views of Academic Career Paths and Advice 通往成功的道路很多:拓宽学术职业道路和建议的视野
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/01492063241231505
Beth Livingston, Jamie L. Gloor, A. K. Ward, Allison S. Gabriel, Joanna T. Campbell, Emily Block, Dorothy Carter, Kimberly A. French, Rachel Frieder, Annika Hillebrandt, Jia (Jasmine) Hu, Kristen P. Jones, Dana L. Joseph, Nina M. Junker, Ashley Mandeville, Sarah M. G. Otner, Amanda S. Patel, Samantha Paustian-Underdahl, Manuela Priesemuth, Kristen M. Shockley, Mindy Shoss
Advice is often given to junior scholars in the field of organization science to ostensibly facilitate their career success. In this commentary, we discuss insights from 19 elite scholars (i.e., Fellows and top journal editors) about the advice they received–and, often, did not follow–throughout their careers. We highlight some of the pitfalls from the current, all-too-common, and often singular advice given to junior scholars while also adding necessary nuance to the requirements to achieve success in our field. We conclude with advice on how to give better advice, thereby more equitably encouraging a new generation of increasingly diverse researchers and future professors.
人们经常给组织科学领域的初级学者提供建议,表面上是为了促进他们在事业上取得成功。在这篇评论中,我们讨论了 19 位精英学者(即研究员和顶级期刊编辑)对他们在整个职业生涯中收到的建议的见解,以及他们往往没有遵循的建议。我们强调了目前对初级学者提出的一些过于普遍、往往是单一的建议中存在的误区,同时也对在本领域取得成功的要求作了必要的细化。最后,我们建议如何提供更好的建议,从而更公平地鼓励日益多元化的新一代研究人员和未来的教授。
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引用次数: 0
A Scientific Method for Startups 初创企业的科学方法
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/01492063231226136
Teppo Felin, Alfonso Gambardella, Elena Novelli, Todd Zenger
Recent scholarship has sought to develop a “scientific method” for startups. In this paper we contrast two approaches: lean startup and the theory-based view of startups. The lean startup movement has served an important function in calling for a normative and scientific approach to startups and venture creation. The theory-based view shares this agenda. But there are differences in the underlying theoretical mechanisms and practical prescriptions suggested by each approach. We highlight these differences and their implications for both research and practice. For example, we contrast lean startup’s emphasis on bounded rationality and entrepreneur–customer information asymmetry with the theory-based view’s emphasis on generative rationality and belief asymmetry. The theory-based view focuses on contrarian beliefs, associated problem formulation, and the development of a startup-specific causal logic for experimentation, resource acquisition, and problem solving. The right mix of entrepreneurial actions is contingent and startup-specific—guided by a startup’s unique theory. After pointing out differences between the lean and theory-based view of startups, we discuss opportunities for partial reconciliation, as well as opportunities for empirically comparing perspectives. Overall, we emphasize that a scientific method for startups needs to recognize the importance of contingent, discriminating alignment between entrepreneurial theories and the actions they prescribe (including different types of experimentation and validation, search, and forms of organization).
最近有学者试图为初创企业制定一种 "科学方法"。在本文中,我们将对比两种方法:精益创业和基于理论的初创企业观点。精益创业运动在呼吁以规范和科学的方法对待初创企业和风险投资方面发挥了重要作用。基于理论的观点赞同这一议程。但每种方法所建议的基本理论机制和实践处方存在差异。我们将强调这些差异及其对研究和实践的影响。例如,精益创业强调有界理性和创业者与客户之间的信息不对称,而基于理论的观点则强调生成理性和信念不对称。基于理论的观点侧重于逆向信念、相关问题的提出,以及为实验、资源获取和问题解决制定创业公司特有的因果逻辑。创业行动的正确组合是由创业公司的独特理论指导的,具有偶然性和创业公司的特殊性。在指出精益创业观与基于理论的创业观之间的差异之后,我们讨论了部分调和的机会,以及对各种观点进行实证比较的机会。总之,我们强调,针对初创企业的科学方法需要认识到创业理论与它们所规定的行动(包括不同类型的实验和验证、搜索和组织形式)之间的或然性和辨别一致性的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Governance Failure and Governance Under Failure: Reviewing the Role of Directors in Organizational Misconduct 治理失灵和失灵下的治理:审查董事在组织不当行为中的作用
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/01492063231225420
Srikanth Paruchuri, Erik A. Hoempler, Amanda P. Cowen, Albert A. Cannella, Peter Inho Nahm
Research on organizational misconduct has mostly evolved independently from the literature on corporate governance. Yet, our survey of research on the role of directors in organizational misconduct contexts yielded more than 110 articles in the last 17 years across the management, accounting, marketing, operations, public relations, and finance literatures, showing that research on the role of corporate governance in organizational misconduct has increasingly become a distinct domain of inquiry. With its own scholarly audience, including scholars working in strategy, ethics, decision-making, and leadership, this research has employed diverse theories and investigated different antecedents, reactions, and outcomes. It has also focused on how directors both influence and are affected by organizational misconduct. Consequently, this literature is currently fragmented in several respects. Our aim in this review is to generate conceptual integration that brings coherence to this growing body of research and to facilitate future research in this important domain. The review offers a cohesive view of the effects of corporate governance on misconduct and of misconduct on corporate governance and provides frameworks for integrating the disparate macrolevel theories that currently characterize this work.
有关组织不当行为的研究大多独立于有关公司治理的文献。然而,我们对董事在组织不当行为中的作用的研究进行了调查,发现在过去 17 年中,有 110 多篇文章涉及管理、会计、营销、运营、公共关系和金融等领域,这表明有关公司治理在组织不当行为中的作用的研究已逐渐成为一个独特的研究领域。这项研究拥有自己的学术受众,包括从事战略、道德、决策和领导力研究的学者,它采用了不同的理论,调查了不同的前因、反应和结果。研究还重点关注董事如何影响组织不当行为以及如何受到组织不当行为的影响。因此,这些文献目前在多个方面都是支离破碎的。我们撰写这篇综述的目的是对概念进行整合,使这一不断增长的研究成果具有连贯性,并促进这一重要领域的未来研究。本综述就公司治理对不当行为的影响以及不当行为对公司治理的影响提出了具有凝聚力的观点,并为整合目前作为这项工作特点的不同宏观理论提供了框架。
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引用次数: 0
Reputation-Damaging Events Over a Long Time Horizon: An Event-System Model of Substantive Reputation Repair 长时间跨度内的声誉损害事件:实质性声誉修复的事件系统模型
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/01492063231224353
Jarrod P. Vassallo, Yeonji Seo, Shahzad (Shaz) Ansari
Current models of substantive reputation repair primarily focus on isolated reputation-damaging events (RDEs) and corresponding responses by firms within short time frames. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that firms encounter numerous RDEs over extended periods while only sporadically and intermittently engaging in top-down substantive repair. To investigate this event-response asynchrony, we adopt an event system theory (EST) approach and conduct a qualitative study of a multinational firm. Over a 10-year period, we analyzed 47 RDEs that eventually prompted top management to initiate substantive repair. Our findings reveal that top managers perceive reputation management as a complex system comprising self-correcting subsystems that follow recurring adaptive event cycles. These cycles consist of iterations, transitioning from routine business-as-usual activities managing most RDEs (foreloops) to nonlinear, transformative responses to certain events (backloops). As long as these cycles are deemed effective, top managers refrain from substantive repair, intervening only when they identify a subsystem breakdown. Consequently, our event-system model of substantive reputation repair elucidates event-response asynchrony in two phases: (1) top managers’ confidence in the hierarchy of adaptive event cycles leads them to purposefully avoid most RDEs, and (2) the convergent intersection of three specific event chain patterns gradually establishes a shared narrative among top managers, triggering top-down substantive repair. By employing EST, we not only provide novel insights into how firms manage reputations but also enhance the explanatory power of EST by illuminating event cycle dynamics.
当前的实质性声誉修复模型主要关注孤立的声誉损害事件(RDEs)以及企业在短时间内做出的相应回应。然而,有证据表明,企业在较长时期内会遇到许多 RDE 事件,而自上而下的实质性声誉修复只是零星和间歇性的。为了研究这种事件-反应不同步现象,我们采用了事件系统理论(EST)方法,对一家跨国公司进行了定性研究。在 10 年时间里,我们分析了 47 起最终促使高层管理者启动实质性修复的 RDE 事件。我们的研究结果表明,高层管理者认为声誉管理是一个复杂的系统,由自我纠正的子系统组成,遵循反复出现的适应性事件周期。这些周期由迭代组成,从管理大多数 RDEs 的常规业务活动(前环)过渡到对某些事件的非线性、变革性响应(后环)。只要这些循环被认为是有效的,高层管理者就不会进行实质性的修复,只有在发现子系统崩溃时才会进行干预。因此,我们的实质性声誉修复事件系统模型分两个阶段阐明了事件反应的不同步性:(1)高层管理者对适应性事件循环层次结构的信心导致他们有意回避大多数 RDE,(2)三个特定事件链模式的汇聚交叉逐渐在高层管理者之间建立起共同的叙事,从而引发自上而下的实质性修复。通过使用 EST,我们不仅为企业如何管理声誉提供了新的见解,而且通过阐明事件周期动态,增强了 EST 的解释力。
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引用次数: 0
Breaking News: JOM Wants Your Theory Papers 爆炸性新闻:JOM 需要您的理论论文
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1177/01492063241227422
Sherry M. B. Thatcher, Michael D. Pfarrer, Cynthia E. Devers
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引用次数: 0
Peer Response to Regulatory Enforcement: Lobbying by Non-Sanctioned Firms 同行对监管执法的回应:非受制裁公司的游说活动
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1177/01492063231226250
Sergei Kolomeitsev, Kristie J. N. Moergen, Jason W. Ridge, Dan L. Worrell, Scott Kuban
Government agencies rely on general deterrence to protect the public. Firms utilize lobbying for influence and information purposes. This paper explores the intersection of general deterrence and lobbying by firms while investigating whether general deterrence efforts of regulators are met with a lobbying response. Specifically, we propose that following a competitor firm being sanctioned, the non-sanctioned peer firms will increase their amount of lobbying targeted at the sanctioning agency, and the key drivers of these increases in targeted lobbying will be penalty severity, concerns over likely reputational damage, and value alignment. We test our hypotheses using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency violations as a context, and they largely receive support.
政府机构依靠一般威慑来保护公众。企业则利用游说来施加影响和获取信息。本文探讨了一般威慑与企业游说的交集,同时调查了监管机构的一般威慑努力是否会得到游说的回应。具体而言,我们提出,在竞争对手公司受到制裁后,未受制裁的同行公司将增加针对制裁机构的游说活动,而这些有针对性的游说活动增加的主要驱动因素将是处罚力度、对可能造成的声誉损害的担忧以及价值一致性。我们以美国环境保护局的违规行为为背景检验了我们的假设,结果在很大程度上得到了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Discursive Legitimation: An Integrative Theoretical Framework and Agenda for Future Research 话语合法性:综合理论框架和未来研究议程
IF 13.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/01492063241230511
Eero Vaara, Ana M. Aranda, Helen Etchanchu
In recent years, we have seen a proliferation of research on discursive legitimation, which has shed light on how legitimacy is established through communication. However, this body of work remains fragmented, and there is a need to synthesize and develop a more comprehensive and in-depth theoretical understanding of this vibrant area of research. This article aims to address this need by providing an integrative theoretical framework and outlining an agenda for future research. The framework encompasses five key elements of discursive legitimation: strategies, positions, foundations, temporality, and arenas. Drawing on this framework, we present a research agenda that highlights key topics related to these elements along with theoretical and methodological considerations cutting across them. Our contribution lies in conceptualizing discursive legitimation as a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon, offering a complementary framework to existing models and paving the way for future studies, and placing discursive strategies—which have been the focus of prior research—in context by highlighting the critical role of key discursive elements in enabling or constraining legitimation processes.
近年来,我们看到有关话语合法性的研究激增,这些研究揭示了如何通过传播建立合法性。然而,这些研究成果仍然支离破碎,需要对这一充满活力的研究领域进行综合,并形成更全面、更深入的理论认识。本文旨在通过提供一个综合性理论框架和概述未来研究议程来满足这一需求。该框架包括话语合法化的五个关键要素:战略、立场、基础、时间性和领域。在此框架的基础上,我们提出了一个研究议程,突出了与这些要素相关的关键主题以及贯穿这些要素的理论和方法论考量。我们的贡献在于将话语合法化概念化为一种多方面的动态现象,为现有模型提供了一个补充框架,并为未来的研究铺平了道路,同时通过强调关键话语要素在促成或限制合法化过程中的关键作用,将话语策略(这是之前研究的重点)置于背景之中。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Management
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