Climate Risk Management最新文献_第7页

Ambition and reality in the climate resilience of residential buildings: A case study on flood reconstruction in Austria 住宅建筑气候适应性的理想与现实：以奥地利洪水重建为例

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100762

Sebastian Seebauer , Hans Peter Ellmer , Thomas Thaler

Climate-resilient development pathways call for integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation; however, implementing climate resilience requires coordination between policy domains. Residential buildings may shed light on climate resilience, being vulnerable to climate-related natural hazards and contributing significantly to carbon emissions. We analyse how residential buildings in an Austrian peri-urban area after the 2013 Danube flood were reconstructed to be not just flood-proof but also energy efficient. Five main policy instruments and their underlying governance process are described and their outcomes are assessed using public statistics, interviews with 15 policy actors, streetside observation of 126 buildings and six ethnographic case stories of specific households. The policy instruments are uncoordinated and address only their own policy domain. Households remodel their buildings minimally after the flood. Transformation to climate resilience mostly occurs in new buildings that are no longer exposed to flooding and have to comply with building regulations. Overall, the ambitions for climate resilience put forward in policy strategies hardly manifest in the reality of the case study. Funding criteria for disaster aid and renovation subsidies should be adapted to incentivise both flood protection and energy efficiency. Local authorities could be intermediaries in the rollout of policy instruments.

适应气候变化的发展道路要求将适应和减缓气候变化结合起来；然而，实施气候适应能力需要政策领域之间的协调。住宅建筑可能会揭示气候适应能力，容易受到与气候有关的自然灾害的影响，并对碳排放做出重大贡献。我们分析了2013年多瑙河洪水后奥地利近郊地区的住宅建筑是如何重建的，不仅是防洪，而且是节能的。本文描述了五种主要政策工具及其潜在的治理过程，并利用公共统计数据、对15位政策参与者的访谈、对126座建筑物的路边观察和对特定家庭的6个人种学案例对其结果进行了评估。政策工具是不协调的，只处理它们自己的政策领域。洪水过后，住户对房屋的改造很少。气候适应能力的转变主要发生在不再受洪水影响、必须遵守建筑法规的新建筑中。总体而言，政策战略中提出的气候适应能力的雄心壮志在案例研究的现实中几乎没有体现出来。应调整灾害援助和翻新补贴的资助标准，以同时激励防洪和提高能源效率。地方政府可以在政策工具的推出过程中充当中介。

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引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing the impact of climate change on diarrheal diseases among people living with HIV/AIDS 对气候变化对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者腹泻病的影响进行概念化

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100766

Mark Lieber

Diarrhea remains a common symptom among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), even those who are virally suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although climate change is projected to increase the global prevalence of diarrheal diseases over the coming decades, few studies have explored how this will impact PLWHIV. Here, we present a conceptual framework that identifies multiple pathways mediating the relationship between changing climatic conditions, diarrheal disease prevalence, and HIV health outcomes. This framework is based on an in-depth literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar between January 4, 2025 and April 23, 2025. Climate change was found to impact diarrheal disease outcomes through multiple pathways, including increased ambient and sea temperatures; changes in precipitation patterns; extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and cyclones; and changes in water salinity. The impacts are regional- and pathogen-specific, with increased temperatures likely to increase diarrheal diseases from bacterial and protozoal pathogens, but not viruses. PLWHIV are particularly vulnerable to these effects due to a dangerous combination of dehydration and malnutrition that often accompanies gastrointestinal infections. Adaptation strategies that focus on sustainable agriculture interventions, improving the durability of water and sanitation infrastructure, and optimizing medical supply chains will be needed to lessen the negative health impacts of a changing climate on PLWHIV.

腹泻仍然是艾滋病毒感染者（PLWHIV）的常见症状，即使是那些通过抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）抑制病毒的人也是如此。尽管气候变化预计将在未来几十年增加腹泻病的全球患病率，但很少有研究探讨这将如何影响PLWHIV。在这里，我们提出了一个概念框架，确定了多种途径介导气候条件变化、腹泻病流行和艾滋病毒健康结果之间的关系。该框架基于PubMed和b谷歌Scholar在2025年1月4日至2025年4月23日期间的深入文献综述。研究发现，气候变化通过多种途径影响腹泻疾病的结果，包括环境和海洋温度升高；降水模式的变化；极端天气事件，如干旱、洪水和飓风；以及水的盐度变化。这种影响是区域性和病原体特异性的，温度升高可能会增加由细菌和原生动物病原体引起的腹泻疾病，但不会增加病毒引起的腹泻疾病。艾滋病病毒感染者尤其容易受到这些影响，因为脱水和营养不良的危险组合往往伴随着胃肠道感染。需要采取适应战略，重点关注可持续农业干预措施、提高水和卫生基础设施的耐久性以及优化医疗供应链，以减轻气候变化对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者健康的负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring water-energy-food nexus connections between climate action and regional development in the East African community 探讨东非共同体气候行动与区域发展之间的水-能源-粮食关系

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100760

Tumaini J. Wambua , Graham Jewitt , Janez Sušnik , Sara Masia , Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi

Policy siloes between national adaptation plans (NAPs), nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and sustainable development hinder effective climate action and resource governance in East Africa. Further, rapid population growth and climate change impacts intensify demands for water, energy, and food (WEF), fuelling resource exploitation. This study employs a mixed-qualitative methodology using document analysis, and semi-structured interviews to examine the interlinkages between NAPs, NDC and regional development priorities. Results show implied connections between policy instruments, sustainable development, and climate action form the crux of WEF interlinkages. In practice, incoherence between these instruments create competition and trade-offs that increase WEF resource security. For example, the focus on food security, mostly through extensification, has created tradeoffs with water and energy security, undermining development goals. There are implicit interlinkages in policy and, to a certain extent, in practice. Although insufficient, these are foundations for a bottom-up approach to implementing integrated climate action commitments. Understanding the interconnectedness and interdependencies between sector policies, climate actions, and supranational development plans could catalyse and accelerate sustainable development while building resilience, through a multi-sectoral approach. We posit the need for a transdisciplinary, WEF approach to catalyse cooperation for development and climate action in East Africa. Ultimately, a transdisciplinary approach focused on equity, social justice, sustainability, and a just transition is required to support development agendas.

国家适应计划（nap）、国家自主贡献（NDCs）和可持续发展之间的政策孤岛阻碍了东非有效的气候行动和资源治理。此外，人口快速增长和气候变化的影响加剧了对水、能源和粮食的需求，助长了资源开采。本研究采用混合定性方法，利用文献分析和半结构化访谈来考察国家行动计划、国家自主贡献和区域发展优先事项之间的相互联系。结果表明，政策工具、可持续发展和气候行动之间的隐含联系构成了世界经济论坛相互联系的关键。在实践中，这些工具之间的不一致性造成了竞争和权衡，从而增加了世界经济论坛的资源安全。例如，主要通过扩大对粮食安全的关注，造成了与水和能源安全之间的权衡，破坏了发展目标。在政策和实践中，在一定程度上存在着隐含的相互联系。虽然这还不够，但它们是实施综合气候行动承诺的自下而上方法的基础。了解部门政策、气候行动和超国家发展计划之间的相互联系和相互依存关系，可以通过多部门方法促进和加速可持续发展，同时建立韧性。我们认为有必要采用世界经济论坛的跨学科方法，促进东非发展和气候行动的合作。最终，需要一种以公平、社会正义、可持续性和公正过渡为重点的跨学科方法来支持发展议程。

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引用次数: 0

Citizen concerns about climate change impact and perception of planned retreat in Swedish waterfront municipalities 公民关注气候变化的影响和对瑞典海滨城市计划撤退的看法

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100750

David Bendz, Gunnel Göransson , Lisa Van Well

This study examines citizen concern of extreme events and their views of planned retreat as a climate adaptation strategy to reduce the risk of flooding in five Swedish waterfront municipalities. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire (n = 1000). Sociodemographic and place-based characteristics were included in a basic framework of analysis. The data were statistically processed using the chi-squared test of independence and T-test for comparison of means. Place-based characteristics revealed themselves as important variables that are associated with awareness and concern of climate change. The respondents in all municipalities shared a concern for flooding and water scarcity. The concerns of storms, forest fires and erosion were clearly linked to place-based characteristics such as land use and geography. Variables such as age, gender, education, and income did not reveal themselves as significant for the rating of which types of serious events that were of concern to the respondents. The opinion of planned retreat as an adaptation strategy also reflected place-based characteristics, and there were significant differences between the municipalities. Preferences for adaptation through protection, relocation or no action were associated with the hypothetical flooding frequency, gender, age and education. Women and young respondents were more likely to consider the possibilities of a retreat strategy for creating attractive natural and recreation areas than other demographic groups. The main obstacles for planned retreat were shown to be financial, followed by technical and political issues. The findings highlight the need for policy- and decision-makers to recognize local/regional geography and settlement patterns in tailoring adaptation and preparedness strategies.

本研究考察了公民对极端事件的关注，以及他们对计划撤退作为气候适应策略的看法，以减少瑞典五个海滨城市的洪水风险。采用问卷调查收集数据（n = 1000）。社会人口特征和地点特征被纳入基本分析框架。数据采用独立性的卡方检验和均数比较t检验进行统计学处理。基于地点的特征显示出它们本身是与对气候变化的认识和关注相关的重要变量。所有城市的受访者都对洪水和水资源短缺表示担忧。风暴、森林火灾和侵蚀等问题显然与土地利用和地理等地方特征有关。年龄、性别、受教育程度和收入等变量对受访者所关注的严重事件类型的评级并没有显著影响。将计划撤退作为一种适应策略的观点也反映了地域性特征，且各城市之间存在显著差异。通过保护、搬迁或不采取行动来适应的偏好与假设的洪水频率、性别、年龄和教育程度有关。与其他人口群体相比，女性和年轻受访者更有可能考虑采取撤退策略来创造有吸引力的自然和娱乐区域的可能性。计划撤退的主要障碍显示为财政问题，其次是技术和政治问题。研究结果强调了政策和决策者在调整适应和准备战略时认识到地方/区域地理和定居模式的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating and mapping compound flood potential from precipitation and storm surge along the Coastal Chinese Margin 中国沿海地区降水与风暴潮复合洪水潜力估算与制图

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100755

Ziqiang Ye , Song Song , Ya Ping Wang

The Coastal Chinese Margin (CCM) is highly developed but vulnerable to compound flood arising from extreme precipitation and storm surges. This paper estimates the probability and intensity of compound floods due to extreme precipitation and storm surges using daily data from 1979 to 2014 in the CCM, based on copula functions and joint probability models. The objectives of this research are to clarify the spatiotemporal evolution of the compound events, characterize their encounter risks and uncertainties, identify the underlying driving mechanisms, and ultimately optimize coastal prevention and control strategies. The results indicate that: (1) compound events demonstrate pronounced seasonality, predominantly occurring in July and August, and exhibit a distinct increasing trend in both frequency and intensity; (2) the two islands (Hainan and Taiwan) and two peninsulas (Shandong and Liaoning) experience a higher frequency of compound events. The Yangtze River Delta and the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal region are hotspots for compound events characterized by elevated precipitation and storm surge levels, especially those of high intensity; (3) the uncertainty associated with the design value is larger in regions with high values and increases with the Kendall return period. Precipitation is the primary factor contributing to the uncertainty of future compound events; (4) tropical cyclones are identified as the primary driver, accounting for more than half of the compound events south of the Yangtze River Estuary and exerting a broader influence on precipitation. El Niño events enhance the frequency of compound events, whereas the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) suppress precipitation, thereby reducing the occurrence of compound events. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the risk of combined flood events in grid scale, theoretically enhances our understanding of the complex interplay between storm surge and precipitation in compound flood events, and practically aids in informing policymaking and interventions aimed at strengthening flood defenses, as well as sustainable development of the CCM.

中国沿海边缘地区高度发达，但极易受到极端降水和风暴潮复合洪水的影响。本文利用1979 - 2014年CCM逐日数据，基于copula函数和联合概率模型，估算了极端降水和风暴潮复合洪水的概率和强度。本研究旨在厘清这些复合事件的时空演变特征，描述其遭遇的风险和不确定性，识别其潜在驱动机制，最终优化海岸防控策略。结果表明：(1)复合事件具有明显的季节性，主要发生在7、8月，频率和强度均有明显的增加趋势；(2)海南、台湾两个岛和山东、辽宁两个半岛复合事件发生频率较高。长三角和浙闽沿海地区是降水和风暴潮水平升高的复合事件多发地区，特别是高强度复合事件；(3)与设计值相关的不确定性在高值区域较大，且随着Kendall回归期的增加而增加。降水是造成未来复合事件不确定性的主要因素；(4)在长江口以南的复合事件中，热带气旋是主要驱动因素，占一半以上，对降水的影响范围更广。El Niño事件增加了复合事件的频率，而年代际太平洋涛动（IPO）和印度洋偶极子（IOD）抑制了降水，从而减少了复合事件的发生。本研究提供了网格尺度下复合洪水事件风险的定量评估，从理论上增强了我们对复合洪水事件中风暴潮与降水之间复杂相互作用的理解，在实践上有助于为加强洪水防御和CCM可持续发展的政策制定和干预提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

The role of climate and urbanization in compound meteorological event exposure in China’s megacities 气候和城市化在中国特大城市复合气象事件暴露中的作用

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100722

Liling Chu , Chao Xu , Yanwen Wang , Chaoqing Huang , Zhaoliang Zeng , Yilin Li , Yiqi Zhou , Qian Wu , Pingan Jiang , Xusheng Gong , Yujia Hong , Chao He

Compound precipitation and wind speed extremes (CPWE) pose significant threats to the sustainable development of urban areas. This study investigated the spatial evolution characteristics, potential population exposure risk, and multidimensional inequality of CPWE within nine urban agglomerations in China, each containing at least one city with a GDP exceeding one trillion yuan, utilizing spatiotemporal statistics and attribution analysis. The results indicated that the intensity of CPWE in these urban agglomerations decreased from southeast to northwest, and the population exposed to mild, moderate, severe, and extreme levels accounted for 58 %, 28.3 %, 11.4 %, and 2.3 % of the total, respectively. Changes in exposure risk were driven by climate effect (58.29 % ± 12.77 %), followed by population (32.15 % ± 6.20 %) and interaction effect (9.55 % ± 5.14 %). Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD), identified as particularly vulnerable, experienced an increase in CPWE intensity exceeding 0.015 /10a. An increase of approximately 0.62 × 10⁴ people per decade was observed for exposure risk, with over 20 % of the population facing severe or extreme levels, mainly due to the climate effect. CPWE exposure risk was significantly unequal across various dimensions (spatial autocorrelation: Moran’s I = 0.3798, P = 0.001; Gini coefficient: 0.08–0.5). Areas characterized by high-risk and balanced development (e.g., PRD, YRD) exhibited lower inequality, whereas regions featuring low-risk and concentrated development (e.g., GPZ) demonstrated higher inequality. The climate effect was the predominant influence in the low-risk areas as well as most high-risk areas. These findings support the targeted implementation of appropriate climate adaptation policies to promote regional sustainable development.

复合降水和极端风速（CPWE）对城市地区的可持续发展构成了重大威胁。利用时空统计和归因分析方法，研究了中国9个城市群（每个城市群至少包含一个GDP超过万亿元的城市）CPWE的空间演化特征、潜在人口暴露风险和多维不平等。结果表明：城市群CPWE强度由东南向西北递减，轻度、中度、重度和极端暴露人群分别占总量的58%、28.3%、11.4%和2.3%；气候效应（58.29%±12.77%）是影响暴露风险的主要因素，其次是人群效应（32.15%±6.20%）和相互作用（9.55%±5.14%）。特别脆弱的珠江三角洲和长江三角洲的CPWE强度增幅超过0.015 /10a。观测到暴露风险每十年增加约0.62 × 104人，其中20%以上的人口面临严重或极端水平，主要是由于气候影响。CPWE暴露风险在各维度上存在显著不平等(空间自相关：Moran’s I = 0.3798, P = 0.001；基尼系数：0.08-0.5)。高风险和均衡发展地区（如珠三角、长三角）的不平等程度较低，而低风险和集中发展地区（如GPZ）的不平等程度较高。在低风险区和大部分高风险区，气候效应是主要影响因素。这些发现支持有针对性地实施适当的气候适应政策，以促进区域可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Disaster vulnerability hotspots in the Portland metro-region: Converging indices for equitable resilience 波特兰都市圈的灾害脆弱性热点：公平复原力的趋同指数

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100714

Idowu Ajibade , Matthew Walter , Jason Sauer , Aswatha Raghunathasami , James M. Done , Paul Loikith , Chris Lower , Heejun Chang , Arun Pallathadka , Mae E. Sowards , Ming Ge

As climate-related extreme events intensify across the globe, governments, practitioners, and communities have focused on reducing vulnerability and building resilience. However, debates persist about the validity, differences, and similarities between social vulnerability and resilience indices. This study combines the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) (26 indicators) and the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) (52 indicators) to assess the Portland Metro region using ACS (2016–2020) and 2020 Census data. Through hotspot analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression, we identify key drivers as well as areas of convergence and divergence between the two indices. Results show a strong overlap between SoVI and BRIC, with distinct drivers across counties and census tracts. High SoVI/low BRIC hotspots were found in Clackamas and Multnomah counties. In Clackamas, vulnerability was due to limited hospital access, weak infrastructure and institutions, mobile homes, and inadequate community resources. In Multnomah, poverty, low educational attainment, and single-parent households were the primary drivers of vulnerability. While Clackamas had stronger environmental resilience, Multnomah showed higher resilience than Washington County due to better transportation, institutions, and community capital. Having a high proportion of migrant populations, institutionalized residents, and mobile homes reduced resilience in Washington County. These findings support the combined use of SoVI-BRIC indices for targeted resilience planning and equitable resource allocation for infrastructure development, environmental protection, social programs, and emergency preparedness across multiple scales.

随着与气候相关的极端事件在全球范围内不断加剧，各国政府、从业者和社区都将重点放在降低脆弱性和增强抵御能力上。然而，关于社会脆弱性和恢复力指数之间的有效性、差异性和相似性的争论仍然存在。本研究结合了社会脆弱性指数（SoVI）（26个指标）和社区基线弹性指标（BRIC）（52个指标），使用ACS（2016-2020）和2020年人口普查数据对波特兰地铁地区进行了评估。通过热点分析、Pearson’s correlation和线性回归，我们发现了两个指数之间的关键驱动因素以及趋同和分化区域。结果显示，SoVI和金砖四国之间有很强的重叠，不同国家和人口普查区的驱动因素不同。高SoVI/低金砖国家热点地区位于克拉克马斯县和摩特诺玛县。在克拉卡马斯，脆弱性是由于医院服务有限、基础设施和机构薄弱、流动住房和社区资源不足。在摩特诺玛，贫困、受教育程度低和单亲家庭是造成脆弱性的主要因素。克拉克马斯县具有更强的环境恢复力，而摩特诺玛县由于交通、制度和社区资本的改善而比华盛顿县表现出更高的恢复力。高比例的移民人口、机构居民和流动房屋降低了华盛顿县的恢复能力。这些发现支持将SoVI-BRIC指数结合使用，在多个尺度上为基础设施发展、环境保护、社会项目和应急准备进行有针对性的复原力规划和公平的资源分配。

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引用次数: 0

Climate extremes are critical to maize yield and will be severer in North China 极端气候对玉米产量至关重要，在中国北方将更为严重

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100710

Yan Wang , Yan-Jun Shen , Shui Yu , Xiaolong Zhang , Dengpan Xiao

With climate change, the frequency and intensity of climate extremes have increased significantly, exerting remarkable impacts on agricultural production in China. Irrigation, as an efficient agricultural management approach to maintaining the crop yield, was widely but unevenly implemented in China. Elucidating the impacts of climate change on maize yield and the role of irrigation in mitigating the climate change impacts on maize yield is critical to enhance the resilience of the national food system. Here, the key growing period and the sensitive meteorological indicators to maize yield variation in two major maize producing regions of China were revealed using the multiple regression models. The results indicate that the reproductive growing period and the precipitation-related indicators are more prominent for the maize yield variation in the North China Plain, whereas in Northeast China Plain, the vegetative growing period and the temperature-related indices contribute more to the maize yield. Among all meteorological indicators, the heat degree days and the consecutive dry days are the most influential meteorological factors to maize yield, and the heat degree days are projected be increasing drastically in the future, bring more heat threats to the maize yield. Result show that agricultural irrigation could significantly mitigate the dependence of maize yields variation on climate change, the determination coefficients of climate indices on maize yield decreased by 0.10 and 0.15 for the North China Plain and Northeast China Plain as the irrigation intensity increased. Adaptable solutions concerning the impact of extreme climates and the construction of agricultural irrigation facilities should be taken into consideration to cope with climate change and ensure the food security.

随着气候变化，极端气候发生的频率和强度显著增加，对中国的农业生产造成了巨大影响。灌溉作为保持作物产量的一种高效农业管理方法，在中国得到广泛实施，但实施情况参差不齐。阐明气候变化对玉米产量的影响以及灌溉在减轻气候变化对玉米产量影响方面的作用，对于提高国家粮食系统的抗灾能力至关重要。本文利用多元回归模型揭示了中国两个玉米主产区玉米产量变化的关键生长期和敏感气象指标。结果表明，在华北平原，生殖生长期和降水相关指标对玉米产量变化的影响更为显著；而在东北平原，营养生长期和温度相关指标对玉米产量的影响更大。在所有气象指标中，高温日数和连续干旱日数是对玉米产量影响最大的气象因素，预计未来高温日数将急剧增加，给玉米产量带来更大的高温威胁。结果表明，农业灌溉可以显著缓解玉米产量变化对气候变化的依赖，随着灌溉强度的增加，华北平原和东北平原气候指数对玉米产量的决定系数分别下降了 0.10 和 0.15。应对极端气候影响和农田水利设施建设应考虑适应性解决方案，以应对气候变化，确保粮食安全。

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引用次数: 0

Resilience as a Gateway: Private foundations and the financialization of disaster assistance 韧性作为门户：私人基金会与灾害援助的金融化

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100707

Gaélane Wolff

International aid, including contributions from private foundations, assumes a pivotal role within the neoliberal framework, particularly in its utilization of resilience as a strategy for adapting to disasters exacerbated by climate change. The increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters necessitate innovative responses, and private foundations inhabit a unique space that straddles the realms of the public and private sectors, blurring the lines between them. The discourse surrounding these foundations aligns closely with the concept of resilience, which regards disaster survivors as agents capable of catalyzing their own transformation. The concept of resilience might lead us to believe that non-state actors working on the ground are motivated by a desire to empower individuals in the face of such calamities. Examining the intricate interplay between private foundations, resilience, and the neoliberal system allows for an exploration of how disasters, particularly those driven by climate change, are perceived as opportunities for development within a neoliberal society. This research endeavors to answer the question: How does the instrumentalization of resilience by private foundations contribute to the development of financialization in disaster assistance? To address this inquiry, a discourse analysis of 200 documents from the year 2000 to the present, originating from two private foundations actively involved in disaster assistance, was conducted. Approximately thirty semi-structured interviews complete this analysis. The theoretical framework of this paper is rooted in the critical post-structuralist approach and provides a critical examination of post-humanitarianism within the context of the adaptive conception of resilience within contemporary neoliberal societies.

国际援助，包括来自私人基金会的捐款，在新自由主义框架内扮演着关键角色，特别是在利用复原力作为适应气候变化加剧的灾难的战略方面。气候灾害的发生频率和强度越来越高，需要创新的应对方式，而非公募基金会处于一个独特的空间，它跨越了公共和私营领域，模糊了两者之间的界限。围绕这些基础的论述与复原力的概念密切相关，复原力将灾难幸存者视为能够催化自身转变的代理人。弹性的概念可能会让我们相信，在面对此类灾难时，在实地工作的非国家行为体是出于赋予个人权力的愿望。考察私人基金会、恢复力和新自由主义体系之间错综复杂的相互作用，可以探索灾害，特别是由气候变化驱动的灾害，如何在新自由主义社会中被视为发展的机会。本研究试图回答这样一个问题：私人基金会对复原力的工具化如何促进灾害援助金融化的发展？为了回答这个问题，我们对两个积极参与救灾的私人基金会从2000年到现在的200份文件进行了话语分析。大约30个半结构化访谈完成了这个分析。本文的理论框架植根于批判性的后结构主义方法，并在当代新自由主义社会中适应性弹性概念的背景下对后人道主义进行了批判性的考察。

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引用次数: 0

The role of gender in firm-level climate change adaptation behaviour: Insights from small businesses in Senegal and Kenya 性别在企业层面气候变化适应行为中的作用：来自塞内加尔和肯尼亚小企业的见解

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100699

Kate Elizabeth Gannon , Shaikh M.S.U. Eskander , Antonio Avila-Uribe , Elena Castellano , Mamadou Diop , Dorice Agol

Literature on gender and climate change adaptation tends to propose that women are both especially vulnerable to climate change and especially valuable to climate change adaptation, but these ideas have been little considered in the context of adaptation within small businesses and have rarely been tested through quantitative empirical analysis. This paper responds to this gap within existing literature and explores how female representation in the ownership or management structures of micro and small businesses shapes firm-level adaptive capacity, as implied through adaptation behaviour. Using firm-level survey data from semi-arid regions of Senegal and Kenya, we employ a Poisson regression model to empirically investigate how female representation in ownership and management of micro and small businesses affects adoption of firm-level sustainable and unsustainable adaptation strategies, with increasing exposure to extreme weather events. Our results show that businesses with female leadership that faced a larger number of extreme events adopt more sustainable and fewer unsustainable strategies than those with only male leadership. We interpret this result recognising that unsustainable adaptation strategies, such as selling business assets, require a business to have access to business assets and resources and thus are an outcome of a business’ coping capacity. Consistent with literature, we then identify that adaptation assistance can mitigate some of the harmful effects of climate shocks and additionally support micro and small businesses with female leadership to adopt more adaptation strategies (both sustainable and unsustainable) – and to a greater extent than businesses with only male leadership. Results evidence the value and efficiency of developing an inclusive business enabling environment for adaptation that targets women entrepreneurs, not just for delivering on equitable climate justice agendas, but also for strategic upscaling of resilience.

关于性别与气候变化适应的文献倾向于提出，女性对气候变化特别脆弱，对气候变化适应也特别有价值，但这些观点在小企业适应的背景下很少得到考虑，也很少通过定量实证分析进行检验。本文回应了现有文献中的这一差距，并探讨了女性在微型和小型企业的所有权或管理结构中的代表性如何通过适应行为暗示公司层面的适应能力。利用来自塞内加尔和肯尼亚半干旱地区的企业层面调查数据，我们采用了Poisson回归模型，实证研究了随着极端天气事件的增加，女性在微型和小型企业所有权和管理中的代表性如何影响企业层面采用可持续和不可持续的适应策略。我们的研究结果表明，与只有男性领导的企业相比，女性领导的企业面临更多极端事件，采取的可持续战略更多，不可持续战略更少。我们对这一结果的解释是，不可持续的适应战略，如出售商业资产，要求企业能够获得商业资产和资源，因此是企业应对能力的结果。与文献一致，我们发现适应援助可以减轻气候冲击的一些有害影响，并额外支持女性领导的微型和小型企业采取更多的适应战略（可持续和不可持续）-并且在更大程度上比只有男性领导的企业。研究结果表明，为适应气候变化打造一个以女性企业家为目标的包容性商业环境具有价值和效率，不仅有助于实现公平的气候正义议程，还有助于战略性地提升适应能力。

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引用次数: 0