Climate Risk Management最新文献_第7页

The role of remittances in building resilience through adaptive capacities amid environmental and socioeconomic vulnerabilities: A systematic literature review 汇款在环境和社会经济脆弱性中通过适应能力建设复原力的作用：系统文献综述

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100769

Ikram Ullah , Niraj Prakash Joshi , Luni Piya

This systematic review examines how financial and social remittances contribute to resilience under environmental and socioeconomic stress by synthesizing 79 peer-reviewed studies published between 2002 and 2025. Guided by a Disaster Resilience Integrated Framework for Transformation (DRIFT)-informed, stage-based framework, we analyze resilience before, during, and after disasters, linking each phase to capacities such as consumption smoothing, livelihood diversification, asset-based adaptation, social capital, and institutional empowerment. Remittance-resilience research expanded rapidly after 2020, with most studies focusing on Asia and Africa and fewer in Latin America, Europe, and Pacific Small Island Developing States. Financial remittances primarily support immediate stabilization and asset repair, whereas social remittances strengthen skills, networks, risk awareness, and collective action that underpin longer-term adjustment. Regional patterns differ: Asian cases emphasize consumption smoothing and housing upgrades, while African studies highlight diversification and institutional pathways. Our review contributes by mapping remittance roles across household, community, and system levels; linking micro-level mechanisms to governance and market conditions; and offering a comparative regional synthesis. Key constraints include dependency risks, unequal access by gender and income, and market or institutional volatility. Policy priorities include integrating remittances into national adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies, reducing transfer costs through digital rails, leveraging diaspora co-financing, and strengthening financial and digital literacy to enhance inclusive, shock-responsive resilience aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 11, 13, and 16.

本系统综述通过综合2002年至2025年间发表的79项同行评议研究，考察了金融和社会汇款如何促进环境和社会经济压力下的复原力。在灾害复原力转型综合框架（DRIFT）的指导下，我们分析了灾前、灾中和灾后的复原力，并将每个阶段与消费平滑、生计多样化、基于资产的适应、社会资本和机构赋权等能力联系起来。2020年后，对汇款复原力的研究迅速扩大，大多数研究集中在亚洲和非洲，对拉丁美洲、欧洲和太平洋小岛屿发展中国家的研究较少。金融汇款主要支持即时稳定和资产修复，而社会汇款则加强技能、网络、风险意识和集体行动，为长期调整奠定基础。区域模式不同：亚洲案例强调消费平滑和住房升级，而非洲研究强调多样化和制度路径。我们的评估通过映射汇款在家庭、社区和系统层面的作用做出了贡献；将微观层面的机制与治理和市场条件联系起来；并提供了一个比较的区域综合。主要制约因素包括依赖风险、性别和收入不平等以及市场或体制波动。政策重点包括将汇款纳入国家适应和减少灾害风险战略，通过数字轨道降低转移成本，利用侨民共同融资，加强金融和数字素养，以增强符合可持续发展目标11、13和16的包容性、抗冲击能力。

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引用次数: 0

How beneficial are seasonal climate forecasts for climate risk management? An appraisal for crop production in Tanzania 季节气候预报对气候风险管理有多大益处？坦桑尼亚作物生产评估

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100686

Jacob Emanuel Joseph , K.P.C Rao , Elirehema Swai , Anthony M. Whitbread , Reimund P. Rötter

Understanding growing period conditions is crucial for effective climate risk management strategies. Seasonal climate forecasts (SCF) are key in predicting these conditions and guiding risk management in agriculture. However, low SCF adoption rates among smallholder farmers are due to factors like uncertainty and lack of understanding. In this study, we evaluated the benefits of SCF in predicting growing season conditions, and crop performance, and developing climate risk management strategies in Kongwa district, Tanzania. We used sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTa) from the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions to predict seasonal rainfall onset dates using the k-nearest neighbor model. Contrary to traditional approaches, the study established the use of rainfall onset dates as the criterion for predicting and describing growing period conditions. We then evaluated forecast skills and the profitability of using SCF in crop management with the Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM) coupled with a simple bio-economic model. Our findings show that SSTa significantly influences rainfall variability and accurately predicts rainfall onset dates. Onset dates proved more effective than traditional methods in depicting key growing period characteristics, including rainfall variability and distribution. Including SCF in climate risk management proved beneficial for maize and sorghum production both agronomically and economically. Not using SCF posed a higher risk to crop production, with an 80% probability of yield losses, especially in late-onset seasons. We conclude that while SCF has potential benefits, improvements are needed in its generation and dissemination. Enhancing the network of extension agents could facilitate better understanding and adoption by smallholder farmers.

了解生长期条件对于有效的气候风险管理策略至关重要。季节性气候预报（SCF）是预测这些条件和指导农业风险管理的关键。然而，由于不确定性和缺乏了解等因素，小农对SCF的采用率较低。在这项研究中，我们评估了SCF在预测坦桑尼亚Kongwa地区生长季节条件和作物性能以及制定气候风险管理策略方面的益处。我们利用印度洋和太平洋地区的海温异常（SSTa），利用k近邻模型预测了季节性降雨的开始日期。与传统方法相反，该研究建立了使用降雨开始日期作为预测和描述生长期条件的标准。然后，我们利用农业生产系统模拟器（APSIM）和一个简单的生物经济模型，评估了在作物管理中使用SCF的预测技能和盈利能力。研究结果表明，海温对降水变率有显著影响，并能准确预测降水发生日期。事实证明，在描述关键生长期特征（包括降雨变率和分布）方面，发病日期比传统方法更有效。事实证明，将SCF纳入气候风险管理对玉米和高粱生产在农艺和经济上都是有益的。不使用SCF对作物生产构成更高的风险，产量损失的可能性为80%，特别是在晚发季节。我们的结论是，虽然SCF有潜在的好处，但它的产生和传播需要改进。加强推广机构网络可以促进小农更好地理解和采用。

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引用次数: 0

Nexus of climate change adaptation and household wealth in climate risk hotspots – Insights from rural farm households of Pakistan 气候风险热点地区气候变化适应与家庭财富的关系——来自巴基斯坦农村农户的见解

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100704

Shangao Wang , Panhwar Ghulam Mustafa , Gershom Endelani Mwalupaso , Zhou Li

The agricultural sector is a cornerstone of economic development, particularly in low-income countries where smallholder farming supports livelihoods and food security. However, the increasing unpredictability of climatic factors poses significant challenges, threatening its capacity to bolster smallholder farmers’ household wealth through food production. While climate adaptation measures have been widely promoted, there remains a notable lack of empirical evidence establishing the relationship between climate adaptation and household wealth. Addressing this critical research gap, this study examines the relationship between climate adaptation and household wealth among 400 wheat smallholder farmers in Sindh province, Pakistan. Using endogenous switching regression (ESR) and propensity score matching (PSM) for robustness, we estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). The results consistently show that climate adaptation significantly increases per capita household wealth, primarily through enhanced crop production. Counterfactual analysis reveals that non-adopting households could have reduced poverty severity by 15% and extreme poverty by 17% had they adopted adaptation measures. These findings provide compelling empirical evidence for policymakers to prioritize adaptation support frameworks—such as subsidized inputs or training programs—which are indispensable for safeguarding food production, reducing climate vulnerability, and lifting smallholders out of poverty. By demonstrating the dual benefits of adaptation—wealth accumulation and poverty alleviation—this study underscores the urgency of scaling up climate-resilient agricultural practices as a key strategy for reducing vulnerability and fostering sustainable livelihoods.

农业部门是经济发展的基石，特别是在小农农业支持生计和粮食安全的低收入国家。然而，气候因素日益增加的不可预测性构成了重大挑战，威胁到其通过粮食生产增加小农家庭财富的能力。虽然气候适应措施已得到广泛推广，但仍明显缺乏建立气候适应与家庭财富之间关系的经验证据。为了弥补这一重要的研究缺口，本研究调查了巴基斯坦信德省400名小麦小农的气候适应与家庭财富之间的关系。利用内源性转换回归（ESR）和倾向评分匹配（PSM）的稳健性，我们估计了对被治疗者（ATT）的平均治疗效果。结果一致表明，气候适应显著增加了人均家庭财富，主要是通过提高作物产量。反事实分析表明，如果采取适应措施，非收养家庭可以将贫困严重程度降低15%，将极端贫困程度降低17%。这些发现为政策制定者优先考虑适应支持框架（如补贴投入或培训计划）提供了令人信服的经验证据，这些框架对于保障粮食生产、降低气候脆弱性和帮助小农脱贫至关重要。通过展示适应的双重效益——积累财富和减轻贫困——本研究强调了扩大气候适应型农业实践作为减少脆弱性和促进可持续生计的关键战略的紧迫性。

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引用次数: 0

The Australian housing affordability trap – How environmental, institutional, and structural factors can immobilize Australian households in the face of extreme weather events – A case study on flooding 澳大利亚住房负担能力陷阱——环境、制度和结构因素如何使澳大利亚家庭在面对极端天气事件时无法行动——以洪水为例

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100713

Julia Plass , Jens O. Zinn

With climate change a growing number of increasingly severe hazards such as floods and bushfires affect populated regions in Australia. As a result, insurance premiums rise, and hazard-prone regions might even become uninsurable. Using the example of floods, this article examines how under conditions of the Australian housing crisis these risks affect households unequally. After major floods, un- and underinsured households often lack the capacity to recover. At the same time, they become immobilized because they cannot afford to move out of regions at risk. Based on 26 semi-structured interviews with (re-) insurance, legal, financial and urban planning experts conducted in 2022, the article provides empirical insights into the under-researched interconnection of household immobilization and vulnerability to extreme weather events from an expert perspective. The experts identify four factors which combine in producing vulnerability and at the same time immobilizing people: location and urban planning, the privatization of risk, socio-economic factors as well as awareness and the distribution of information. Current political strategies address the challenge of moving people out of at-risk locations but do neither sufficiently address the housing and insurance situation nor how people’s personal attachment to a region affects their housing decision.

随着气候变化，越来越多的日益严重的灾害，如洪水和森林大火，影响着澳大利亚的人口稠密地区。其结果是，保险费上涨，而易发生灾害的地区甚至可能无法投保。本文以洪水为例，考察了在澳大利亚住房危机的条件下，这些风险对家庭的影响是如何不平等的。大洪水过后，未投保和保险不足的家庭往往缺乏恢复能力。与此同时，他们也无法行动，因为他们负担不起离开危险地区的费用。基于2022年对（再）保险、法律、金融和城市规划专家进行的26次半结构化访谈，本文从专家的角度对尚未得到充分研究的家庭固定化与极端天气事件脆弱性之间的相互关系提供了实证见解。专家们确定了造成易受害性同时又使人无法行动的四个因素：地点和城市规划、风险私有化、社会经济因素以及认识和信息分发。目前的政治战略解决了将人们从风险地区转移出去的挑战，但既没有充分解决住房和保险状况，也没有充分解决人们对一个地区的个人依恋如何影响他们的住房决定。

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引用次数: 0

Ex-ante and ex-post adaptation: Farmers’ fertilizer strategies for extreme weather events in China 前后适应：中国农民应对极端天气事件的肥料策略

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100745

Yueqing Ji, Yongyi Fu, Liping Kong, Price M. Amanya, Zongyao Yang

This study investigates farmers’ fertilizer strategies as ex-ante and ex-post adaptations to extreme weather events in China. Using plot-level data from 778 maize farmers across three provinces collected in 2015 and 2018, we employ two-way fixed effects models to analyze how farmers adjust fertilizer quantity both before and during the growing season in response to floods, droughts, and windstorms. The results show that farmers increase ex-ante fertilizer application under flood risk but reduce input when anticipating drought and windstorm risks. After disaster shocks, they supplement fertilizer as an ex-post coping strategy. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that smallholders and nitrogen fertilizers are more sensitive to extreme weather, and that the effects of disaster severity are nonlinear and vary by disaster type. Mechanism analysis suggests that ex-ante fertilizer use can mitigate flood risk but may increase vulnerability to drought and windstorms, whereas ex-post use broadly aids recovery. Extended analysis uncovers a substitution effect between public interventions and private adaptation. These findings provide micro-level empirical evidence and policy insights for balancing food security and environmental sustainability amid rising extreme weather.

本研究考察了中国农民在极端天气事件发生前和发生后的施肥策略。利用2015年和2018年收集的来自三个省份778名玉米农户的地块数据，我们采用双向固定效应模型分析了农民如何在生长季前和生长季中调整肥料用量，以应对洪水、干旱和风暴。结果表明，在洪涝风险下，农民增加了化肥的预施量，而在干旱和风暴风险下，农民减少了化肥的预施量。灾害发生后，他们补充肥料作为事后应对策略。异质性分析表明，小农和氮肥对极端天气更为敏感，灾害严重程度的影响是非线性的，且随灾害类型的不同而不同。机制分析表明，事前施肥可以减轻洪水风险，但可能增加对干旱和风暴的脆弱性，而事后施肥则广泛有助于恢复。扩展分析揭示了公共干预和私人适应之间的替代效应。这些发现为在极端天气不断增加的情况下平衡粮食安全和环境可持续性提供了微观层面的经验证据和政策见解。

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引用次数: 0

Towards wildfire risk reduction goals and targets for Europe – Opportunities and challenges 实现欧洲减少野火风险的目标和目标-机遇和挑战

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100744

C. Berchtold , K. Petersen , M. Kaskara , M.L. Pettinari , J. Vinders , J. Schlierkamp , N. Kalapodis , G. Sakkas , P. Brunet , J. Soldatos , A. Lazarou , D. Casciano , K. Chandramouli , T. Deubelli , A. Scolobig , H. Silva , E. Plana , M. Garofalo

The impact of wildfires is increasing worldwide. The root causes of these effects are manifold, encompassing among others climate change and the accumulation of fuels and increasing settlements in wildland-urban interfaces (WUI). Reports and initiatives to better understand and govern these developments have been launched and call for more integrated approaches to wildfire risk management, including the use of targets or Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

However, despite some examples such as Portugal, wildfire risk management targets are still mainly lacking in Europe. This is surprising since they find wider application in the U.S. and are also more widely applied for flooding in Europe.

This perspective hence takes a closer look at the use of targets in reducing disaster risk for different hazards worldwide and reflects about the opportunities and challenges for wildfire risk reduction targets for Europe. It concludes with some suggestions for the application of wildfire risk reduction targets for Europe.

世界范围内野火的影响正在增加。造成这些影响的根本原因是多方面的，其中包括气候变化、燃料的积累以及荒地-城市界面（WUI）定居点的增加。为了更好地了解和管理这些发展，报告和倡议已经启动，并呼吁采取更综合的野火风险管理方法，包括使用目标或关键绩效指标（kpi）。然而，尽管有葡萄牙等一些例子，欧洲仍主要缺乏野火风险管理目标。这是令人惊讶的，因为它们在美国得到了更广泛的应用，在欧洲也得到了更广泛的应用。因此，这一视角更仔细地审视了目标在减少全球不同灾害风险方面的使用情况，并反映了欧洲减少野火风险目标的机遇和挑战。最后对欧洲野火风险降低目标的应用提出了一些建议。

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引用次数: 0

Ai-driven approaches to flood risk management: overcoming data bias and enhancing decision-making 人工智能驱动的洪水风险管理方法：克服数据偏差和加强决策

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100752

Peigen Wang , Xiaoxu Wu , Yichen

The growing number and severity of climate-related hazards have made flooding an important issue. It is crucial to use new, data-driven approaches to flood risk management (FRM) due to the constraints of traditional analytical and computational methodologies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact that artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning and deep learning approaches, has on the enhancement of FRM. This assessment, which draws on over 300 papers on artificial intelligence in FRM, examines various types of floods, spatial scales, AI models, input data reports, and practical applications. One of the primary objectives is to develop AI-driven solutions that enhance flood estimations and early detection and response systems, working in conjunction with existing technology. This paper demonstrates how AI can help improve adaptive FRM and protect infrastructure and communities from the increasing risks of floods by addressing these challenges and exploring various possibilities for further research. According to the results, AI may significantly enhance flood risk predictions and provide more accurate real-time evaluations of floods. A variety of data types, including satellite images, hydrological data, and real-time weather reports, can be processed by machine learning and deep learning models. These models help to improve decision-making and emergency response by providing short-term flood estimates. Major obstacles to their broad use, however, include data bias, the difficulty of interpreting models, and the requirement for substantial computational resources. Moreover, this research suggests several policy changes. It is crucial to develop open-source AI systems that can be utilised in flood-prone areas with diverse socioeconomic contexts. Second, policymakers should prioritise expanding access to and inclusion of AI-driven solutions, particularly for marginalized and disadvantaged populations. Ultimately, it is crucial to make AI models more transparent and explainable to enhance trust among stakeholders and ensure that FRM decisions are well-informed..

与气候有关的灾害的数量和严重程度不断增加，使洪水成为一个重要问题。由于传统分析和计算方法的限制，使用新的数据驱动方法进行洪水风险管理（FRM）至关重要。本研究的目的是探讨人工智能（AI），特别是机器学习和深度学习方法对FRM增强的影响。该评估借鉴了300多篇关于FRM中人工智能的论文，研究了各种类型的洪水、空间尺度、人工智能模型、输入数据报告和实际应用。主要目标之一是开发人工智能驱动的解决方案，与现有技术相结合，增强洪水估计、早期检测和响应系统。本文展示了人工智能如何通过应对这些挑战和探索进一步研究的各种可能性，帮助改善适应性FRM，保护基础设施和社区免受日益增加的洪水风险。根据研究结果，人工智能可以显著增强洪水风险预测，并提供更准确的洪水实时评估。各种数据类型，包括卫星图像、水文数据和实时天气报告，都可以通过机器学习和深度学习模型进行处理。这些模型通过提供短期洪水估计，有助于改进决策和应急反应。然而，它们广泛使用的主要障碍包括数据偏差、解释模型的困难以及对大量计算资源的需求。此外，这项研究还提出了几项政策变化。开发可用于具有不同社会经济背景的洪水易发地区的开源人工智能系统至关重要。其次，政策制定者应优先考虑扩大人工智能驱动的解决方案的获取和包容性，特别是针对边缘化和弱势群体。最终，至关重要的是使人工智能模型更加透明和可解释，以增强利益相关者之间的信任，并确保FRM决策得到充分的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Ambition and reality in the climate resilience of residential buildings: A case study on flood reconstruction in Austria 住宅建筑气候适应性的理想与现实：以奥地利洪水重建为例

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100762

Sebastian Seebauer , Hans Peter Ellmer , Thomas Thaler

Climate-resilient development pathways call for integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation; however, implementing climate resilience requires coordination between policy domains. Residential buildings may shed light on climate resilience, being vulnerable to climate-related natural hazards and contributing significantly to carbon emissions. We analyse how residential buildings in an Austrian peri-urban area after the 2013 Danube flood were reconstructed to be not just flood-proof but also energy efficient. Five main policy instruments and their underlying governance process are described and their outcomes are assessed using public statistics, interviews with 15 policy actors, streetside observation of 126 buildings and six ethnographic case stories of specific households. The policy instruments are uncoordinated and address only their own policy domain. Households remodel their buildings minimally after the flood. Transformation to climate resilience mostly occurs in new buildings that are no longer exposed to flooding and have to comply with building regulations. Overall, the ambitions for climate resilience put forward in policy strategies hardly manifest in the reality of the case study. Funding criteria for disaster aid and renovation subsidies should be adapted to incentivise both flood protection and energy efficiency. Local authorities could be intermediaries in the rollout of policy instruments.

适应气候变化的发展道路要求将适应和减缓气候变化结合起来；然而，实施气候适应能力需要政策领域之间的协调。住宅建筑可能会揭示气候适应能力，容易受到与气候有关的自然灾害的影响，并对碳排放做出重大贡献。我们分析了2013年多瑙河洪水后奥地利近郊地区的住宅建筑是如何重建的，不仅是防洪，而且是节能的。本文描述了五种主要政策工具及其潜在的治理过程，并利用公共统计数据、对15位政策参与者的访谈、对126座建筑物的路边观察和对特定家庭的6个人种学案例对其结果进行了评估。政策工具是不协调的，只处理它们自己的政策领域。洪水过后，住户对房屋的改造很少。气候适应能力的转变主要发生在不再受洪水影响、必须遵守建筑法规的新建筑中。总体而言，政策战略中提出的气候适应能力的雄心壮志在案例研究的现实中几乎没有体现出来。应调整灾害援助和翻新补贴的资助标准，以同时激励防洪和提高能源效率。地方政府可以在政策工具的推出过程中充当中介。

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引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing the impact of climate change on diarrheal diseases among people living with HIV/AIDS 对气候变化对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者腹泻病的影响进行概念化

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100766

Mark Lieber

Diarrhea remains a common symptom among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), even those who are virally suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although climate change is projected to increase the global prevalence of diarrheal diseases over the coming decades, few studies have explored how this will impact PLWHIV. Here, we present a conceptual framework that identifies multiple pathways mediating the relationship between changing climatic conditions, diarrheal disease prevalence, and HIV health outcomes. This framework is based on an in-depth literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar between January 4, 2025 and April 23, 2025. Climate change was found to impact diarrheal disease outcomes through multiple pathways, including increased ambient and sea temperatures; changes in precipitation patterns; extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and cyclones; and changes in water salinity. The impacts are regional- and pathogen-specific, with increased temperatures likely to increase diarrheal diseases from bacterial and protozoal pathogens, but not viruses. PLWHIV are particularly vulnerable to these effects due to a dangerous combination of dehydration and malnutrition that often accompanies gastrointestinal infections. Adaptation strategies that focus on sustainable agriculture interventions, improving the durability of water and sanitation infrastructure, and optimizing medical supply chains will be needed to lessen the negative health impacts of a changing climate on PLWHIV.

腹泻仍然是艾滋病毒感染者（PLWHIV）的常见症状，即使是那些通过抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）抑制病毒的人也是如此。尽管气候变化预计将在未来几十年增加腹泻病的全球患病率，但很少有研究探讨这将如何影响PLWHIV。在这里，我们提出了一个概念框架，确定了多种途径介导气候条件变化、腹泻病流行和艾滋病毒健康结果之间的关系。该框架基于PubMed和b谷歌Scholar在2025年1月4日至2025年4月23日期间的深入文献综述。研究发现，气候变化通过多种途径影响腹泻疾病的结果，包括环境和海洋温度升高；降水模式的变化；极端天气事件，如干旱、洪水和飓风；以及水的盐度变化。这种影响是区域性和病原体特异性的，温度升高可能会增加由细菌和原生动物病原体引起的腹泻疾病，但不会增加病毒引起的腹泻疾病。艾滋病病毒感染者尤其容易受到这些影响，因为脱水和营养不良的危险组合往往伴随着胃肠道感染。需要采取适应战略，重点关注可持续农业干预措施、提高水和卫生基础设施的耐久性以及优化医疗供应链，以减轻气候变化对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者健康的负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring water-energy-food nexus connections between climate action and regional development in the East African community 探讨东非共同体气候行动与区域发展之间的水-能源-粮食关系

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100760

Tumaini J. Wambua , Graham Jewitt , Janez Sušnik , Sara Masia , Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi

Policy siloes between national adaptation plans (NAPs), nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and sustainable development hinder effective climate action and resource governance in East Africa. Further, rapid population growth and climate change impacts intensify demands for water, energy, and food (WEF), fuelling resource exploitation. This study employs a mixed-qualitative methodology using document analysis, and semi-structured interviews to examine the interlinkages between NAPs, NDC and regional development priorities. Results show implied connections between policy instruments, sustainable development, and climate action form the crux of WEF interlinkages. In practice, incoherence between these instruments create competition and trade-offs that increase WEF resource security. For example, the focus on food security, mostly through extensification, has created tradeoffs with water and energy security, undermining development goals. There are implicit interlinkages in policy and, to a certain extent, in practice. Although insufficient, these are foundations for a bottom-up approach to implementing integrated climate action commitments. Understanding the interconnectedness and interdependencies between sector policies, climate actions, and supranational development plans could catalyse and accelerate sustainable development while building resilience, through a multi-sectoral approach. We posit the need for a transdisciplinary, WEF approach to catalyse cooperation for development and climate action in East Africa. Ultimately, a transdisciplinary approach focused on equity, social justice, sustainability, and a just transition is required to support development agendas.

国家适应计划（nap）、国家自主贡献（NDCs）和可持续发展之间的政策孤岛阻碍了东非有效的气候行动和资源治理。此外，人口快速增长和气候变化的影响加剧了对水、能源和粮食的需求，助长了资源开采。本研究采用混合定性方法，利用文献分析和半结构化访谈来考察国家行动计划、国家自主贡献和区域发展优先事项之间的相互联系。结果表明，政策工具、可持续发展和气候行动之间的隐含联系构成了世界经济论坛相互联系的关键。在实践中，这些工具之间的不一致性造成了竞争和权衡，从而增加了世界经济论坛的资源安全。例如，主要通过扩大对粮食安全的关注，造成了与水和能源安全之间的权衡，破坏了发展目标。在政策和实践中，在一定程度上存在着隐含的相互联系。虽然这还不够，但它们是实施综合气候行动承诺的自下而上方法的基础。了解部门政策、气候行动和超国家发展计划之间的相互联系和相互依存关系，可以通过多部门方法促进和加速可持续发展，同时建立韧性。我们认为有必要采用世界经济论坛的跨学科方法，促进东非发展和气候行动的合作。最终，需要一种以公平、社会正义、可持续性和公正过渡为重点的跨学科方法来支持发展议程。

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引用次数: 0