Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2023.100582
Shammunul Islam , Peerzadi Rumana Hossain , Melody Braun , T.S. Amjath-Babu , Essam Yassin Mohammed , Timothy J. Krupnik , Anwar Hossain Chowdhury , Mitchell Thomas , Max Mauerman
Very little research has focused on climate impacts on aquaculture and the potential of climate information services (CIS) for aquaculture to support sustainable development goals 2030 (SDGs).1 This study represents an effort to bridge this gap by conducting a first ex-ante economic evaluation of CIS for aquaculture in Bangladesh by semi-automating the extraction of data on climate-induced fish losses during 2011 to 2021 from popular online newspaper articles and corroborating them with available government and satellite datasets. During this period, Bangladesh faced an estimated loss of around 140 million USD for hatcheries, open water fish and shrimp. When validated with a year of country-wide official data on climate-induced economic losses to aquaculture, the damage reported from these media sources is approximately 10 percent of actual losses. Given this rule of thumb, the potential economic value of aquacultural CIS could be up to USD14 million a year, if 10 percent of the damage can be offset by appropriate services through a range of multi-sector efforts to establish and extend these services to farmers at scale.
{"title":"Economic valuation of climate induced losses to aquaculture for evaluating climate information services in Bangladesh","authors":"Shammunul Islam , Peerzadi Rumana Hossain , Melody Braun , T.S. Amjath-Babu , Essam Yassin Mohammed , Timothy J. Krupnik , Anwar Hossain Chowdhury , Mitchell Thomas , Max Mauerman","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2023.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2023.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Very little research has focused on climate impacts on aquaculture and the potential of climate information services (CIS) for aquaculture to support sustainable development goals 2030 (SDGs).<span><sup>1</sup></span> This study represents an effort to bridge this gap by conducting a first <em>ex-ante</em> economic evaluation of CIS for aquaculture in Bangladesh by semi-automating the extraction of data on climate-induced fish losses during 2011 to 2021 from popular online newspaper articles and corroborating them with available government and satellite datasets. During this period, Bangladesh faced an estimated loss of around 140 million USD for hatcheries, open water fish and shrimp. When validated with a year of country-wide official data on climate-induced economic losses to aquaculture, the damage reported from these media sources is approximately 10 percent of actual losses. Given this rule of thumb, the potential economic value of aquacultural CIS could be up to USD14 million a year, if 10 percent of the damage can be offset by appropriate services through a range of multi-sector efforts to establish and extend these services to farmers at scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096323001080/pdfft?md5=4770f7ce27b9cc5f60a8c3515feb1ff9&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096323001080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139079484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100656
Carlo Giupponi , Giuliana Barbato , Veronica Leoni , Paola Mercogliano , Carlo Papa , Giovanni Valtorta , Michele Zen , Christian Zulberti
Recent advancements in spatial risk assessment methodologies, particularly those incorporating GIS and economic evaluations, have significantly enhanced our ability to assess and manage risks associated with natural disasters. Entrepreneurs, investors, and public administrations need information about climate change risks for effective planning and decision making. To move from generic global or national projections about climate change scenarios, towards more actionable information on climate risks for socioeconomic agents, the three dimensions of risk (Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability) must be quantified and mapped with the involvement of stakeholders. In this study, spatial indicators, tailored to the social and ecological systems of interest and co-designed with the key stakeholders are aggregated into sectoral risk indexes quantified in economic terms. Climate risk indexes were calculated and mapped for the four key economic sectors of the study area of the Belluno Province (Italian Alps): summer tourism, winter sports and events, eyewear industry, and electricity supply. Stakeholders were involved during the assessment to share knowledge, data and needs and to provide expert judgments on intermediate and final results. Outputs include a series of maps and statistical summaries, highlighting future trends of climate related risks, their spatial variability within the area and the estimated levels of uncertainty. Estimates on expected changes of future damages with constant Exposure and Vulnerability, provided socioeconomic agents with simple and clear messages about how their activities could suffer or benefit from climate change in the future.
{"title":"Spatial risk assessment for climate proofing of economic activities: The case of Belluno Province (North-East Italy)","authors":"Carlo Giupponi , Giuliana Barbato , Veronica Leoni , Paola Mercogliano , Carlo Papa , Giovanni Valtorta , Michele Zen , Christian Zulberti","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in spatial risk assessment methodologies, particularly those incorporating GIS and economic evaluations, have significantly enhanced our ability to assess and manage risks associated with natural disasters. Entrepreneurs, investors, and public administrations need information about climate change risks for effective planning and decision making. To move from generic global or national projections about climate change scenarios, towards more actionable information on climate risks for socioeconomic agents, the three dimensions of risk (Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability) must be quantified and mapped with the involvement of stakeholders. In this study, spatial indicators, tailored to the social and ecological systems of interest and co-designed with the key stakeholders are aggregated into sectoral risk indexes quantified in economic terms. Climate risk indexes were calculated and mapped for the four key economic sectors of the study area of the Belluno Province (Italian Alps): summer tourism, winter sports and events, eyewear industry, and electricity supply. Stakeholders were involved during the assessment to share knowledge, data and needs and to provide expert judgments on intermediate and final results. Outputs include a series of maps and statistical summaries, highlighting future trends of climate related risks, their spatial variability within the area and the estimated levels of uncertainty. Estimates on expected changes of future damages with constant Exposure and Vulnerability, provided socioeconomic agents with simple and clear messages about how their activities could suffer or benefit from climate change in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100607
Ruifang Hou , Panpan Lian , Ziqiang Han , Aihua Yan
Early warning systems in disasters are crucial for life preservation and loss mitigation, endorsed globally by various UN agencies, governments, and disaster researchers. However, the social aspects pose significant challenges to the success of early warning. Using survey data from Sanya, a coastal city in China, our study explores the relationship between early warning services and community engagement. The primary warning channels are social media (SMS and WeChat), the Internet, and TV. These mediums, along with traditional and mass media, foster higher community engagement, like volunteer service and disaster risk reduction efforts. Satisfaction with warning service mediates these connections. Interestingly, families with chronic disease members are more likely to engage in community activities and utilize the Internet and social media for warnings. Notably, different patterns emerge when comparing families with and without chronic disease members, especially regarding Internet and social media usage. This study enhances our understanding of public adaptation to disaster warnings and provides insight for early warning services in the face of increasing climate change impacts and meteorological disasters.
{"title":"Differences in disaster warning and community engagement between families with and without members suffering from chronic Diseases: The mediating role of satisfaction with warning service","authors":"Ruifang Hou , Panpan Lian , Ziqiang Han , Aihua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early warning systems in disasters are crucial for life preservation and loss mitigation, endorsed globally by various UN agencies, governments, and disaster researchers. However, the social aspects pose significant challenges to the success of early warning. Using survey data from Sanya, a coastal city in China, our study explores the relationship between early warning services and community engagement. The primary warning channels are social media (SMS and WeChat), the Internet, and TV. These mediums, along with traditional and mass media, foster higher community engagement, like volunteer service and disaster risk reduction efforts. Satisfaction with warning service mediates these connections. Interestingly, families with chronic disease members are more likely to engage in community activities and utilize the Internet and social media for warnings. Notably, different patterns emerge when comparing families with and without chronic disease members, especially regarding Internet and social media usage. This study enhances our understanding of public adaptation to disaster warnings and provides insight for early warning services in the face of increasing climate change impacts and meteorological disasters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632400024X/pdfft?md5=2e3841f3f3201ad2d6027bcfe23a617d&pid=1-s2.0-S221209632400024X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100659
Scott E. Kalafatis , Erica Akemi Goto , Simone Justine Domingue , Maria Carmen Lemos
Climate change disproportionately impacts marginalized communities, but we also need to understand how addressing these impacts might exacerbate existing inequalities. Exploring how generic structural socioeconomic and political inequalities relate to responses to specific climate-driven hazards can help inform efforts to address climate-driven risks without reinforcing inequalities. This study sheds light on the relationship between generic capitals that local governance systems might draw on to reduce risks and a specific outcome that reduces the impact of climate-driven risks. We explore patterns in the amount of aid counties in the five Gulf States (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) received from the US Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Public Assistance Program from 2000 to 2020. Using linear regressions, we explore how the amount of aid these counties received relates to the presence of five dimensions of potential generic capitals (social, economic, political, human, and environmental) at the county-level. We found evidence that patterns in the distribution of aid were consistent with simultaneously both reducing and amplifying existing inequalities – e.g., counties with higher levels of individual poverty and more rural residents received more aid while counties with higher percentages of Black and Hispanic residents received less. At the same time, we found evidence that aid received might be particularly low for populations vulnerable due to both racial/ethnic inequities and lack of access to services located in more urbanized areas. These results highlight the need for assessments exploring the multidimensional nature of equity to prevent efforts to address climate-related risks further marginalizing those left behind.
{"title":"Diverging equity implications of FEMA disaster aid received by counties in Gulf coast states","authors":"Scott E. Kalafatis , Erica Akemi Goto , Simone Justine Domingue , Maria Carmen Lemos","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change disproportionately impacts marginalized communities, but we also need to understand how addressing these impacts might exacerbate existing inequalities. Exploring how generic structural socioeconomic and political inequalities relate to responses to specific climate-driven hazards can help inform efforts to address climate-driven risks without reinforcing inequalities. This study sheds light on the relationship between generic capitals that local governance systems might draw on to reduce risks and a specific outcome that reduces the impact of climate-driven risks. We explore patterns in the amount of aid counties in the five Gulf States (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) received from the US Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Public Assistance Program from 2000 to 2020. Using linear regressions, we explore how the amount of aid these counties received relates to the presence of five dimensions of potential generic capitals (social, economic, political, human, and environmental) at the county-level. We found evidence that patterns in the distribution of aid were consistent with simultaneously both reducing and amplifying existing inequalities – e.g., counties with higher levels of individual poverty and more rural residents received more aid while counties with higher percentages of Black and Hispanic residents received less. At the same time, we found evidence that aid received might be particularly low for populations vulnerable due to both racial/ethnic inequities and lack of access to services located in more urbanized areas. These results highlight the need for assessments exploring the multidimensional nature of equity to prevent efforts to address climate-related risks further marginalizing those left behind.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100593
Meg Parsons , Quinn Asena , Danielle Johnson , Johanna Nalau
The field of climate justice has been growing in relevance since its conception in 1997. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and topic modelling analyses to examine the evolution and trajectory of the climate justice literature. We analyse 1,683 publications covering the period from 1997 to 2021, highlighting foundational works, influential authors, leading nations and institutions, and prevailing research topics within this field. We employ Latent Dirichlet Allocation to uncover latent research trends in the literature providing a crucial baseline for future scholarly endeavours and policy development in the realm of climate justice.
Our results show that the field of climate justice has grown exponentially from less than 5 papers annually between 1997 and 2005, to around 200 papers annually in recent years. This growth has seen a diversification of research themes with an increase in papers around the topics of health, vulnerability and adaptation, and policy and activism. There has been a consistent backdrop of publications around the topics of sustainable development and policy, and international relations and carbon emissions. Other prominent topics in the literature include education and food security, and human rights and Indigenous people. The field has moved from theoretical research to examining actual examples of climate injustices, with an increased diversification of topics.
Future research could usefully focus on exploring future generations and more-than-human entities; the integration of climate justice and climate activism with broader struggles for justice; re-thinking climate adaptation “success” and “effectiveness” through the lens of climate justice, and the ramifications of the Global Goal on Adaptation on climate justice led-approaches that are inclusive, build on human rights approaches, and extend the scale of adaptation analysis beyond the local. It is imperative to prioritise addressing the climate justice needs of those most affected by climate change, transcending national borders, generational gaps, cultural differences, and even the well-being of various species. Such a holistic approach will help inform and refine global climate policy and action.
{"title":"A bibliometric and topic analysis of climate justice: Mapping trends, voices, and the way forward","authors":"Meg Parsons , Quinn Asena , Danielle Johnson , Johanna Nalau","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The field of climate justice has been growing in relevance since its conception in 1997. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and topic modelling analyses to examine the evolution and trajectory of the climate justice literature. We analyse 1,683 publications covering the period from 1997 to 2021, highlighting foundational works, influential authors, leading nations and institutions, and prevailing research topics within this field. We employ Latent Dirichlet Allocation to uncover latent research trends in the literature providing a crucial baseline for future scholarly endeavours and policy development in the realm of climate justice.</p><p>Our results show that the field of climate justice has grown exponentially from less than 5 papers annually between 1997 and 2005, to around 200 papers annually in recent years. This growth has seen a diversification of research themes with an increase in papers around the topics of health, vulnerability and adaptation, and policy and activism. There has been a consistent backdrop of publications around the topics of sustainable development and policy, and international relations and carbon emissions. Other prominent topics in the literature include education and food security, and human rights and Indigenous people. The field has moved from theoretical research to examining actual examples of climate injustices, with an increased diversification of topics.</p><p>Future research could usefully focus on exploring future generations and more-than-human entities; the integration of climate justice and climate activism with broader struggles for justice; re-thinking climate adaptation “success” and “effectiveness” through the lens of climate justice, and the ramifications of the Global Goal on Adaptation on climate justice led-approaches that are inclusive, build on human rights approaches, and extend the scale of adaptation analysis beyond the local. It is imperative to prioritise addressing the climate justice needs of those most affected by climate change, transcending national borders, generational gaps, cultural differences, and even the well-being of various species. Such a holistic approach will help inform and refine global climate policy and action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632400010X/pdfft?md5=4f6951014a7227138c4c2ad0410213c5&pid=1-s2.0-S221209632400010X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and natural hazards present a major risk to individuals and communities; however, the current quantitative risk assessment methodologies struggle to capture the wider consequences that arise from society’s complex interconnections. These complex interconnections exist due to the number of mutually dependent systems and mean that impacts on one system can be felt in another. These cascading impacts present a major challenge to climate risk assessments. Climate risk assessments often consider a range of “wellbeing” or “value” domains; for example, in New Zealand the five wellbeing domains are Natural Environment, Human, Economic, Built Environment, and Governance. Existing assessments have sought to characterize the risk to each domain, but do not quantitatively or rigorously consider the interplay between the domains. For example, how does the risk to the human domain change as a result of the impacts to the built environment? This interplay and the ensuing cascading impacts could substantially modify the assessed risk. The change could potentially alter the prioritization and subsequent adaptation plans. In this paper, we show that considering cascading impacts not only increases the magnitude of risk but can shift the prioritization. This highlights the importance of capturing cascading impacts for effective adaptation to climate change.
{"title":"Capturing cascading consequences is required to reflect risk from climate change and natural hazards","authors":"D.A. Thompson , D.E. Glenn , L.L. Trethewey , P. Blackett , T.M. Logan","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change and natural hazards present a major risk to individuals and communities; however, the current quantitative risk assessment methodologies struggle to capture the wider consequences that arise from society’s complex interconnections. These complex interconnections exist due to the number of mutually dependent systems and mean that impacts on one system can be felt in another. These cascading impacts present a major challenge to climate risk assessments. Climate risk assessments often consider a range of “wellbeing” or “value” domains; for example, in New Zealand the five wellbeing domains are Natural Environment, Human, Economic, Built Environment, and Governance. Existing assessments have sought to characterize the risk to each domain, but do not quantitatively or rigorously consider the interplay between the domains. For example, how does the risk to the human domain change as a result of the impacts to the built environment? This interplay and the ensuing cascading impacts could substantially modify the assessed risk. The change could potentially alter the prioritization and subsequent adaptation plans. In this paper, we show that considering cascading impacts not only increases the magnitude of risk but can shift the prioritization. This highlights the importance of capturing cascading impacts for effective adaptation to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000305/pdfft?md5=f336f60e1bdad34f7fd7c5ec12655244&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000305-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140775526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100624
Rachel E. Schattman , Peter Clark , Anthony W. D’Amato , Todd Ontl , Caitlin Littlefield , Eric North
Climate change-related challenges faced by forest managers are ecological, economic, and social in nature. While several past assessments have looked at the climate-related perceptions and needs of foresters working in rural contexts, urban foresters are not often included in these assessments. Examining foresters’ risk perceptions, adaptation interests and intentions, and need for information/support in rural and urban contexts side-by-side reveals unique opportunities for learning across the rural-to-urban gradient. Through two surveys targeting both rural and urban foresters, we have identified key learning opportunities that support climate-adaptive forest management.
Our analysis shows that many foresters are seeking to maintain current forest conditions or restore forest conditions following a disruption or change, though some see value in transitioning forests to be more resistant and resilient to future climates. We also show a difference in confidence between urban and rural foresters when it comes to addressing climate change through specific adaptation strategies. Based on our findings, we propose facilitated learning opportunities across the rural-to-urban gradient. This would allow urban foresters to learn from rural foresters on topics such as establishment and maintenance of long-term, large, ecologically complex forested areas within cities. Rural foresters could gain insights from their urban counterparts on planting strategies and other approaches that are common in urban settings but novel in rural settings, including stock sourcing and species selection.
To better enable foresters to implement climate adaptation strategies, we suggest: (1) facilitating learning across the rural-to-urban gradient, (2) public engagement trainings and opportunities targeting foresters, (3) workforce development programing, and (4) programs that limit the financial risk that foresters, landowners, and municipalities face when applying forest adaptation strategies to rural or urban lands.
{"title":"Forester interest in, and limitations to, adapting to climate change across the rural-to-urban gradient","authors":"Rachel E. Schattman , Peter Clark , Anthony W. D’Amato , Todd Ontl , Caitlin Littlefield , Eric North","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change-related challenges faced by forest managers are ecological, economic, and social in nature. While several past assessments have looked at the climate-related perceptions and needs of foresters working in rural contexts, urban foresters are not often included in these assessments. Examining foresters’ risk perceptions, adaptation interests and intentions, and need for information/support in rural <em>and</em> urban contexts side-by-side reveals unique opportunities for learning across the rural-to-urban gradient. Through two surveys targeting both rural and urban foresters, we have identified key learning opportunities that support climate-adaptive forest management.</p><p>Our analysis shows that many foresters are seeking to maintain current forest conditions or restore forest conditions following a disruption or change, though some see value in transitioning forests to be more resistant and resilient to future climates. We also show a difference in confidence between urban and rural foresters when it comes to addressing climate change through specific adaptation strategies. Based on our findings, we propose facilitated learning opportunities across the rural-to-urban gradient. This would allow urban foresters to learn from rural foresters on topics such as establishment and maintenance of long-term, large, ecologically complex forested areas within cities. Rural foresters could gain insights from their urban counterparts on planting strategies and other approaches that are common in urban settings but novel in rural settings, including stock sourcing and species selection.</p><p>To better enable foresters to implement climate adaptation strategies, we suggest: (1) facilitating learning across the rural-to-urban gradient, (2) public engagement trainings and opportunities targeting foresters, (3) workforce development programing, and (4) programs that limit the financial risk that foresters, landowners, and municipalities face when applying forest adaptation strategies to rural or urban lands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209632400041X/pdfft?md5=390c9a51661b6a4e5702dedada990aa3&pid=1-s2.0-S221209632400041X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large-scale climate variability patterns such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence the hydrology and hence affect the management of water resources in numerous regions around the globe. The presence of multiyear drought and wet periods is already challenging as these long, extreme, events tend to stress water resources systems much more than multiple, isolated, ones. This manuscript presents a variant of a hydrologically-driven approach to assess the performance of large-scale water resources systems in regions where the long-term persistence that characterizes the flow regime is likely to be affected by climate change. This approach comprises several steps including the construction of a large ensemble of hydrological projections which are bias-corrected in the frequency domain to account for the long-term persistence; the clustering of these projections based on hydrologic attributes to identify likely alterations of the flow regime; and the use of an optimization model to derive allocation policies tailored to identified alterations of the flow regime. The proposed approach is tested on the Senegal River basin which has experienced multiyear dry, normal, and wet periods in the past. The analysis of allocation policies highlights the relevance of climate-tailored policies in adapting to climate change, with climate tailored policies yielding moderate gains under the most extreme alterations, while they remain meaningful under more moderate ones.
{"title":"Adapting reservoir operation to climate change in regions with long-term hydrologic persistence","authors":"Vahid Espanmanesh , Etienne Guilpart , Marc-André Bourgault , Amaury Tilmant","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large-scale climate variability patterns such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence the hydrology and hence affect the management of water resources in numerous regions around the globe. The presence of multiyear drought and wet periods is already challenging as these long, extreme, events tend to stress water resources systems much more than multiple, isolated, ones. This manuscript presents a variant of a hydrologically-driven approach to assess the performance of large-scale water resources systems in regions where the long-term persistence that characterizes the flow regime is likely to be affected by climate change. This approach comprises several steps including the construction of a large ensemble of hydrological projections which are bias-corrected in the frequency domain to account for the long-term persistence; the clustering of these projections based on hydrologic attributes to identify likely alterations of the flow regime; and the use of an optimization model to derive allocation policies tailored to identified alterations of the flow regime. The proposed approach is tested on the Senegal River basin which has experienced multiyear dry, normal, and wet periods in the past. The analysis of allocation policies highlights the relevance of climate-tailored policies in adapting to climate change, with climate tailored policies yielding moderate gains under the most extreme alterations, while they remain meaningful under more moderate ones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000408/pdfft?md5=5d00590e9db48bc1731ca8ec4aef616b&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000408-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100650
Popular Gentle , Jony Mainaly
Nepal has more than a decade of experience in formulating and implementing climate change policies, plans, frameworks, and institutional mechanisms for local adaptation. Drawing upon this experience, this research aims to elucidate the existing policies, institutional commitments and capacity that underpin local adaptation. Furthermore, it seeks to delineate the mechanism through which these commitments are translated into action fostering empowerment of poor and vulnerable communities for locally led adaptation (LLA). Our research involved a comprehensive review of major policies and legal and procedural documents related to climate change adaptation. We analyzed Local Adaptation Plans for Action (LAPA), carried out in-depth interviews with frontline actors and a participant observation and focus group discussions with LAPA communities. The research features that despite a strong policy commitment, adaptation in Nepal is struggling with institutional barriers, contested interest between key authorities, limited capacity, and unequal distribution of resources to support LLA. The LAPA analysis shows the priorities and investment plans are mostly intended to continue business as usual practices addressing bio-physical and natural hazards rather than properly understanding and addressing underlying, pre-existing, and structural causes of vulnerabilities. Notwithstanding the established evidence about differential impacts of climate change, the response mechanisms have exhibited limited realization of this knowledge. Future trajectory of LLA in Nepal hinges on the proactive efforts of the government to reform institutional and fund flow mechanisms, capacity, commitment, and a changing mindset for the devolution of decision making at the local level and making a substantial progress in climate financing.
{"title":"Commitment, actions, and challenges on locally led climate change adaptation in Nepal","authors":"Popular Gentle , Jony Mainaly","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nepal has more than a decade of experience in formulating and implementing climate change policies, plans, frameworks, and institutional mechanisms for local adaptation. Drawing upon this experience, this research aims to elucidate the existing policies, institutional commitments and capacity that underpin local adaptation. Furthermore, it seeks to delineate the mechanism through which these commitments are translated into action fostering empowerment of poor and vulnerable communities for locally led adaptation (LLA). Our research involved a comprehensive review of major policies and legal and procedural documents related to climate change adaptation. We analyzed Local Adaptation Plans for Action (LAPA), carried out in-depth interviews with frontline actors and a participant observation and focus group discussions with LAPA communities. The research features that despite a strong policy commitment, adaptation in Nepal is struggling with institutional barriers, contested interest between key authorities, limited capacity, and unequal distribution of resources to support LLA. The LAPA analysis shows the priorities and investment plans are mostly intended to continue business as usual practices addressing bio-physical and natural hazards rather than properly understanding and addressing underlying, pre-existing, and structural causes of vulnerabilities. Notwithstanding the established evidence about differential impacts of climate change, the response mechanisms have exhibited limited realization of this knowledge. Future trajectory of LLA in Nepal hinges on the proactive efforts of the government to reform institutional and fund flow mechanisms, capacity, commitment, and a changing mindset for the devolution of decision making at the local level and making a substantial progress in climate financing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000676/pdfft?md5=5ad5680e68f3658902f393188fa0d444&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000676-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100589
Gwendolyn K.L. Wong , Anson T.H. Ma , Lewis T.O. Cheung , Alex Y. Lo , C.Y. Jim
Urban green space (UGS) offers users multiple ecosystem services and amenities. This study investigated whether residents used UGS visitation in summer as a sustainable measure to tackle hot weather and associated climate-change impacts in humid-subtropical Hong Kong. Attributes of the indoor residential environment, seldom examined in park-visitation studies, were evaluated as push factors to visit UGS through a push–pull theoretical framework. A questionnaire survey of 483 respondents targeted urban park users. The results indicated that UGS visit frequency and stay duration were relatively low in hot summer. Ordinal multiple regression showed that indoor living conditions, residence location, living routine, and habit and personal health impacts were significantly correlated with UGS visits. Interdependence between push and pull factors was detected, demonstrating that intrinsic UGS environmental conditions could constrain UGS visits despite the motivations of push factors. The results indicated the need to improve the microclimate-regulating function in UGS. It could be achieved mainly by optimizing the nature-based design to promote UGS as an adaptive measure to combat the thermal stress brought by climate change. The findings yielded hints to shape visiting habits and suggestions to improve UGS management.
{"title":"Visiting urban green space as a climate-change adaptation strategy: Exploring push factors in a push–pull framework","authors":"Gwendolyn K.L. Wong , Anson T.H. Ma , Lewis T.O. Cheung , Alex Y. Lo , C.Y. Jim","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban green space (UGS) offers users multiple ecosystem services and amenities. This study investigated whether residents used UGS visitation in summer as a sustainable measure to tackle hot weather and associated climate-change impacts in humid-subtropical Hong Kong. Attributes of the indoor residential environment, seldom examined in park-visitation studies, were evaluated as push factors to visit UGS through a push–pull theoretical framework. A questionnaire survey of 483 respondents targeted urban park users. The results indicated that UGS visit frequency and stay duration were relatively low in hot summer. Ordinal multiple regression showed that indoor living conditions, residence location, living routine, and habit and personal health impacts were significantly correlated with UGS visits. Interdependence between push and pull factors was detected, demonstrating that intrinsic UGS environmental conditions could constrain UGS visits despite the motivations of push factors. The results indicated the need to improve the microclimate-regulating function in UGS. It could be achieved mainly by optimizing the nature-based design to promote UGS as an adaptive measure to combat the thermal stress brought by climate change. The findings yielded hints to shape visiting habits and suggestions to improve UGS management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000068/pdfft?md5=45d357ea4f9521c3c99e64daca4f163b&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}