Climate Risk Management最新文献_第8页

Gender-group membership intersectionality and determinants of indigenous climate adaptation of smallholder farmers for climate risk management in northern Ghana 加纳北部小农气候风险管理的性别、群体成员、交叉性和土著气候适应的决定因素

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100737

Lawrence Guodaar

This study examined the intersection of gender and group membership as well as the factors influencing indigenous adaptation strategies of male and female smallholder farmers to moderate climate risks for sustainable food security in dryland communities. It used survey data from 299 farming households with 12 focus group discussions across six rural communities in northern Ghana. Household data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. The results reveal that smallholder farmers’ indigenous solutions, such as soil and water management strategies, are gender-differentiated. The most significant indigenous adaptation strategies employed by smallholder farmers include the use of organic manure, rainwater harvesting, and spiritual consultations. From an intersectional perspective, group membership is gendered and facilitates the reduction of climate adaptation costs. Several factors differently shape the indigenous adaptation strategies of male and female smallholder farmers. Generally, age, education, and wealth status influence gender responses to climate change. Specifically male farmers’ indigenous strategies are significantly affected by farm size, whereas female farmers’ practices are mainly shaped by farm experience, farm ownership, and membership in local associations. These findings indicate that social, economic, demographic, and farm-related characteristics are essential for building climate resilience. The findings offer insightful guidance for policymakers and practitioners to develop adaptation plans that are gender-responsive, strengthen farming groups, and enhance adaptive capacity, ultimately promoting resilient and sustainable food systems in dryland indigenous communities.

本研究考察了性别与群体成员关系的交集，以及影响旱地社区男女小农为缓解气候风险、促进可持续粮食安全而采取土著适应策略的因素。它使用了来自加纳北部6个农村社区299个农户的12个焦点小组讨论的调查数据。采用描述性统计和二元logistic回归模型对住户数据进行分析。结果表明，小农的土着解决方案（如水土管理战略）存在性别差异。小农采用的最重要的本土适应策略包括使用有机肥料、雨水收集和精神咨询。从交叉的角度来看，群体成员是性别化的，有助于降低气候适应成本。有几个因素不同地塑造了男性和女性小农的本土适应策略。一般来说，年龄、教育程度和财富状况影响性别对气候变化的反应。具体而言，男性农民的本土策略受农场规模的显著影响，而女性农民的做法主要受农场经验、农场所有权和当地协会成员资格的影响。这些发现表明，社会、经济、人口和农业相关特征对于建设气候适应能力至关重要。研究结果为政策制定者和实践者制定性别敏感的适应计划、加强农业群体和增强适应能力提供了有见地的指导，最终在旱地土著社区促进有抵御力和可持续的粮食系统。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of climate change on household dietary diversity in Afghanistan 气候变化对阿富汗家庭饮食多样性的影响

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100687

Jamshid Yolchi, Huaiyu Wang

Climate change adaptation policies and research have traditionally focused on dietary quantity, neglecting dietary quality, particularly in developing countries like Afghanistan. This study aims to identify how climate change affects household dietary diversity and whether the impacts are consistent across different food groups. To examine the impact of climate change on dietary diversity in Afghanistan, a climate change proxy variable (temperature) was created at the district level by calculating the difference from its long-term mean. Meanwhile, the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was obtained from three rounds of household survey data conducted between 2011 and 2017, which included information from 60,099 households. Negative binomial regression analysis reveals a positive association between climate change and HDDS. That is, higher temperatures would lead to the higher availability of diverse diets in Afghanistan. Interestingly, climate change appears to affect food groups heterogeneously. While staple food consumption frequency remains unaffected, non-staple food consumption increases with higher temperatures. The results remain consistent after incorporating precipitation and two lagged versions of temperature and precipitation into the model. Therefore, the climate adaptation policies of the government of Afghanistan should consider different policy implications for staple and non-staple foods. These findings have policy implications for achieving food security and climate change-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 2 (zero hunger) and SDG 13 (climate action).

气候变化适应政策和研究传统上侧重于饮食数量，而忽视了饮食质量，特别是在阿富汗等发展中国家。本研究旨在确定气候变化如何影响家庭饮食多样性，以及这种影响在不同的食物群体中是否一致。为了研究气候变化对阿富汗饮食多样性的影响，通过计算其长期平均值的差异，在地区一级创建了一个气候变化代理变量（温度）。同时，从2011年至2017年进行的三轮家庭调查数据中获得了家庭饮食多样性评分（HDDS），其中包括来自60,099个家庭的信息。负二项回归分析显示气候变化与hds呈正相关。也就是说，更高的温度将导致阿富汗更容易获得多样化的饮食。有趣的是，气候变化对食物群体的影响似乎各不相同。虽然主食的消费频率不受影响，但副食品的消费随着温度的升高而增加。将降水和两个滞后版本的温度和降水纳入模型后，结果保持一致。因此，阿富汗政府的气候适应政策应考虑对主粮和副粮的不同政策影响。这些发现对实现可持续发展目标2（零饥饿）和可持续发展目标13（气候行动）等与粮食安全和气候变化相关的可持续发展目标具有政策意义。

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引用次数: 0

Informing adaptation pathway approaches for vulnerable coastal infrastructure 为沿海脆弱基础设施的适应途径提供信息

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100759

David A. Dawson , Tamsin Mortleman , Angie C. Lamprea-Pineda , David P. Connolly

Hard-engineered defences protect critical coastal infrastructure that, without long-term adaptation planning, will face increased risk of flooding from sea-level rise (SLR). The adaptation pathway (AP) approach has been developed to improve long-term planning for climate change under future uncertainties, however, there remains a lack of asset level examples to inform coastal infrastructure decisions at a sector level. In this paper, a ‘performance-orientated’ AP approach is developed which provides a technique for generating future decision ‘pathways’ for coastal transport infrastructure using open-source data and standard guidance techniques. The application and method are novel because they combine a modified fragility curve approach with climate change projections of sea-level rise and also easily accessible satellite observational data (InSAR) related to local coastal ground movement. Applied to a local railway branch line it is demonstrated, that absent of any adaptation, approximately

83 %

of the assets will fail the set standard of protection (

SoP

) by

2050

. It is also shown that combinations of adaptation options can delay defence protection ‘tipping points’ beyond the study period (

> 2150

). Finally, the use of satellite observations in AP approaches can allow for more detailed and localised information regarding defence failure timings. The ‘performance-orientated’ AP approach can be an insightful tool for strategic planning and policy, and can be achieved without significant organisational capacity.

硬工程防御保护着关键的沿海基础设施，如果没有长期的适应规划，这些基础设施将面临海平面上升（SLR）带来的洪水风险增加。适应路径（AP）方法已经被开发出来，以改善未来不确定性下气候变化的长期规划，然而，仍然缺乏资产层面的例子来为部门层面的沿海基础设施决策提供信息。在本文中，开发了一种“以绩效为导向”的AP方法，该方法提供了一种技术，可以使用开源数据和标准指导技术为沿海运输基础设施生成未来决策“路径”。应用和方法是新颖的，因为它们结合了改进的脆弱性曲线方法与海平面上升的气候变化预测，以及与当地沿海地面运动相关的易于获取的卫星观测数据（InSAR）。应用于某地方铁路支线，结果表明，如果不进行任何调整，到2050年，约83%的资产将达不到设定的保护标准（SoP）。研究还表明，适应选择的组合可以将防御保护的“临界点”推迟到研究期之后（>2150）。最后，在AP方法中使用卫星观测可以获得有关防御故障时间的更详细和更局部的信息。“以绩效为导向”的AP方法可以成为战略规划和政策的深刻工具，并且可以在没有显著组织能力的情况下实现。

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引用次数: 0

Increased risk for damages from the dry-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans on buildings in a changing climate 在气候变化的情况下，干腐菌对建筑物造成损害的风险增加

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100695

Mikael Martinsson , Itai Danielski

Weather-based damages in housing insurance correspond to 23 % of all insurance claims in Sweden and include damages from fungi. Some fungi could cause health risks to the tenants, while others can cause rapid structural failure for the building itself, like the dry-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans.

The study aims to analyse a possible connection between the increased rate of insurance claims related to S. lacrymans fungi and climate change. This study uses historical data of 2446 damaged properties from insurance companies and current and future climate data. In addition, eight geographical areas within Sweden with 567 damaged properties were analysed in relation to changes in outdoor temperature over a decade. Finally, a full onsite inspection of 20 infected properties by S. lacrymans fungi was conducted to evaluate common conditions for fungi infections.

The results of this study showed that the S. lacrymans fungus is expected to spread to the northern parts of Sweden even in areas where it could not exist before, while the rate of infected buildings in the southern part of Sweden might decline but not drop to zero. Wooden buildings older constructed before 1980 with chimneys and self-ventilation are at higher risk of infection. Economic implications are significant, with high repair costs rendering some buildings economically unviable, particularly in rural areas. Insurance reimbursement is typically limited to market value loss, indicating location, design, and maintenance status as crucial factors. The results may raise a concern for insurance companies and property owners, especially related to locations in the sparse parts of North of Sweden.

在瑞典，住房保险中基于天气的损害占所有保险索赔的23%，其中包括真菌造成的损害。一些真菌可能会给租户带来健康风险，而另一些真菌可能会导致建筑物本身的结构迅速破坏，比如干腐真菌Serpula泪人。这项研究的目的是分析与葡萄球菌真菌相关的保险索赔率上升与气候变化之间的可能联系。本研究使用了来自保险公司的2446个受损财产的历史数据以及当前和未来的气候数据。此外，研究人员还分析了瑞典境内8个地理区域的567处受损财产与十年来室外温度变化的关系。最后，对20种被泪泪链球菌感染的真菌进行了全面的现场检查，以评估真菌感染的常见情况。这项研究的结果表明，即使在瑞典北部以前不存在这种真菌的地区，这种真菌也有望传播到瑞典北部，而瑞典南部的建筑物感染率可能会下降，但不会降至零。1980年以前建造的带有烟囱和自通风的旧木结构建筑感染风险较高。经济影响很大，高昂的维修费用使一些建筑物在经济上无法使用，特别是在农村地区。保险补偿通常限于市场价值损失，表明位置、设计和维护状态是关键因素。研究结果可能会引起保险公司和财产所有者的关注，尤其是与瑞典北部稀疏地区有关的地区。

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引用次数: 0

The role of local knowledge in enhancing climate change risk assessments in rural Northern Ireland 地方知识在加强北爱尔兰农村气候变化风险评估中的作用

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100702

Alan T. Kennedy-Asser , Oliver D. Andrews , Jill Montgomery , Katie L. Jenkins , Ben A.H. Smith , Elizabeth Lewis , Stephen J. Birkinshaw , Helen He , Richard F. Pywell , Matt J. Brown , John W. Redhead , Rachel Warren , Craig Robson , Adam J.P. Smith , Robert J. Nicholls , Donal Mullan , Ryan McGuire

Climate risk modelling provides valuable quantitative data on potential risks at different spatiotemporal scales, but it is essential that these models are evaluated appropriately. In some cases, it may be useful to merge quantitative datasets with qualitative data and local knowledge, to better inform and evaluate climate risk assessments. This interdisciplinary study maps climatic risks relating to health and agriculture that are facing rural Northern Ireland. A large range of quantitative national climate risk modelling results from the OpenCLIM project are scrutinised using local qualitative insights identified during workshops and interviews with farmers and rural care providers. In some cases, the qualitative local knowledge supported the quantitative modelling results, such as (1) highlighting that heat risk can be an issue for health in rural areas as well as urban centres, and (2) precipitation is changing, with increased variability posing challenges to agriculture. In other cases, the local knowledge challenged the national quantitative results. For example, models suggested that (1) potential heat stress impacts will be low, and (2) grass growing conditions will be more favourable, with higher yields as a result of future climatic conditions. In both cases, local knowledge challenged these conclusions, with discomfort and workplace heat stress reported by care staff and recent experience of variable weather having significant impacts on grass growth on farms across the country. Hence, merging even a small amount of qualitative local knowledge with quantitative national modelling projects results in a more holistic understanding of the local climate risk.

气候风险模型为不同时空尺度上的潜在风险提供了宝贵的定量数据，但对这些模型进行适当评估至关重要。在某些情况下，将定量数据集与定性数据和当地知识结合起来可能是有用的，以便更好地为气候风险评估提供信息和评估。这项跨学科研究绘制了北爱尔兰农村面临的与健康和农业有关的气候风险。OpenCLIM项目的大量定量国家气候风险建模结果是通过研讨会和对农民和农村护理提供者的访谈中确定的当地定性见解进行仔细审查的。在某些情况下，定性的当地知识支持了定量的建模结果，例如(1)强调高温风险对农村地区和城市中心的健康都是一个问题；(2)降水正在发生变化，变异性的增加对农业构成挑战。在其他情况下，地方知识挑战了国家定量结果。例如，模型表明：(1)潜在的热胁迫影响将很低，(2)由于未来的气候条件，草的生长条件将更加有利，产量将更高。在这两种情况下，当地的知识挑战了这些结论，护理人员报告的不适和工作场所热应激以及最近的变化天气对全国各地农场的草生长产生了重大影响。因此，即使将少量定性的地方知识与定量的国家建模项目结合起来，也会对当地气候风险有更全面的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Roots of resilience: Revealing social networks for enhancing social resilience in Indigenous Indonesian and Philippine ricescapes 弹性的根源：揭示社会网络，以提高印尼和菲律宾土著水稻的社会弹性

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100711

Laurence L. Delina , Sanny D. Afable , Ivee Fuerzas , Kim-Pong Tam , Wiwik Dharmiasih , Albert Salamanca

A complex interplay of social, economic, political, and agricultural factors influences the resilience of Indigenous rice farming communities. This study specifically focuses on the social dimension, examining the crucial role that affective relationships play in fostering social networks that enhance the resilience of Indigenous farmers within the ricescapes of Indonesia and the Philippines. Employing thematic analysis of expert interviews and focus group discussions, complemented by Latent Class Analysis of survey data, we identify the social networks upon which farmers depend. This mixed methods approach enables us to uncover distinct subgroups within these networks that provide support for managing various challenges, assisting with farm tasks, offering financial assistance, and sharing agricultural knowledge. By delineating these subgroups, we advocate for the development of targeted policies that address the unique needs of each group. Recognising and understanding the significance of affective relationships in the formation of social networks is essential for strengthening the resilience of Indigenous farmers, empowering them to navigate contemporary challenges while preserving their cultural heritage.

社会、经济、政治和农业因素的复杂相互作用影响着土著水稻种植社区的复原力。本研究特别关注社会维度，考察了情感关系在促进社会网络中发挥的关键作用，这些社会网络增强了印度尼西亚和菲律宾稻地土著农民的复原力。采用专家访谈和焦点小组讨论的专题分析，辅以调查数据的潜在阶层分析，我们确定了农民所依赖的社会网络。这种混合方法使我们能够在这些网络中发现不同的子群体，这些子群体为管理各种挑战提供支持，协助完成农业任务，提供经济援助和分享农业知识。通过描述这些子群体，我们主张制定有针对性的政策，以解决每个群体的独特需求。认识和理解情感关系在社会网络形成中的重要性，对于增强土著农民的复原力，使他们能够在保护其文化遗产的同时应对当代挑战至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Migration due to floodplain buyouts mimics general post-disaster migration patterns 由于收购泛滥平原而导致的迁移与一般的灾后迁移模式相似

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100715

Nora Louise Schwaller , Todd K. BenDor , Alex Greer , Philip R. Berke

Property buyout programs, widely utilized by the US government to mitigate flood vulnerability, pose uncertain social and economic impacts. Prior studies have analyzed the outcomes of buyout participants alone or in comparison with non-movers. We propose a refined approach to better isolate the impacts of participation in buyout program by comparing participants to non-participants that also relocated in the wake of the storm event. Our study compares 267 buyout program participants and 948 non-buyout movers in Harris County, Texas, after Hurricane Harvey. We find that buyout participants tended to move to similar areas as non-buyout movers. This finding suggests that the HMGP program is as successful as the private market at providing options for relocation post-disaster while achieving additional mitigation benefits for the city at large. Our findings suggest a role for increasing benefits of the buyout programs as a means of decreasing program attrition.

房地产买断计划被美国政府广泛用于减轻洪水的脆弱性，但对社会和经济造成了不确定的影响。先前的研究分析了买断参与者单独或与非买断参与者进行比较的结果。我们提出了一种改进的方法，通过比较参与者和在风暴事件后重新安置的非参与者，更好地隔离参与买断计划的影响。我们的研究比较了哈维飓风过后德克萨斯州哈里斯县的267名买断计划参与者和948名非买断推动者。我们发现，收购参与者倾向于迁移到与非收购参与者相似的地区。这一发现表明，HMGP项目在提供灾后搬迁选择方面与私人市场一样成功，同时为整个城市带来了额外的缓解效益。我们的研究结果表明，增加买断计划的好处是减少计划人员流失的一种手段。

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of urban agriculture in a changing climate: Technological innovations and policy frameworks 气候变化中的都市农业：技术创新和政策框架

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100732

Penglong Gao , Shuochen Xiao , Fara Diva Mustapa

Urban and peri-urban agriculture, also referred to as UPA, focuses on tackling the dual challenges of improving food security while addressing poverty reduction, the negative impacts of rapid urbanization, and climate change resilience at the community level. While meeting these objectives, the productivity and sustainability of UPA is threatened by ever-changing and unpredictable environmental conditions. This holistic review includes synthesizing research on UPA, specifically within the context of its advantages, challenges, and climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. UPA sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change is enhanced by technological innovations such as precision agriculture, vertical farming, AI systems, and hydroponics. The review investigates policies supporting UPA relevant to zoning, incentive design, water provision, and waste management. Results demonstrate UPA’s ability to advance social interactions, improve urban microclimates, mitigate the urban heat island phenomenon, and provide essential ecosystem services though limited by scarce land resources and soil contamination, along with water management challenges and regulatory frameworks. Realization of UPA’s potential in fostering sustainable and resilient urban food systems emphasizes the importance of emerging technologies and integrated policies.

城市和城郊农业（也称为UPA）侧重于应对改善粮食安全的双重挑战，同时应对减贫、快速城市化的负面影响以及社区层面的气候变化适应能力。在满足这些目标的同时，UPA的生产力和可持续性受到不断变化和不可预测的环境条件的威胁。这一全面审查包括对UPA的综合研究，特别是在其优势、挑战以及减缓和适应气候变化努力的背景下。精准农业、垂直农业、人工智能系统和水培等技术创新增强了UPA在气候变化面前的可持续性和复原力。该审查调查了与分区、激励设计、供水和废物管理相关的支持UPA的政策。结果表明，UPA能够促进社会互动，改善城市小气候，缓解城市热岛现象，并提供基本的生态系统服务，尽管受到稀缺土地资源和土壤污染的限制，以及水管理挑战和监管框架。实现UPA在促进可持续和有韧性的城市粮食系统方面的潜力，强调了新兴技术和综合政策的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Climate information use in transportation planning: a survey of Metropolitan Planning Organizations 气候信息在交通规划中的应用：城市规划组织的调查

IF 5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100742

Kelli M. Archie , James C. Arnott , Julie A. Vano , Daniella Hirschfeld , Rebecca Rasch , Emilio Mateo

Climate change and its potential to impact transportation systems poses urgent challenges for sustainability and societal well-being, emphasizing a need to plan to reduce transportation infrastructure’s vulnerability to impacts such as sea level rise, extreme weather events, and increased erosion. Previous research has focused on document analysis and case studies and has highlighted the importance of including transportation professional needs in regard to understanding how transportation professionals use climate science. Through direct inclusion of transportation professional perspectives, this paper aims to fill the gaps in understanding about the use of climate information in transportation planning. To obtain data about local and regional level transportation infrastructure planning and the importance of increased funding on the demand for climate information, we conducted an online survey of regional transportation practitioners (n = 105) from United States Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs). The survey examined what types of climate-related information these regional planners are using in the context of transportation infrastructure planning, how it is used, and what types of decision support practitioners think would be most useful. We also explore how the implementation of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law / Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (BIL/IIJA), alongside other factors, may impact the demand for and use of climate information. We find that information providers need to improve decision support tools so they are (a) easy to use and interpret, (b) include explicit methods for modeling tradeoffs among options, and (c) allow the user to easily identify the impacts of alternative scenarios and decisions. Our data suggest that one of the most obvious ways to increase the use of climate information is to provide continuing education opportunities that empower transportation professionals to understand and use climate information and tools toward resilience goals. Based on responses, we also see opportunities for improved networking to connect transportation professionals with prior climate services experience to those who have less experience.

气候变化及其对交通系统的潜在影响给可持续发展和社会福祉带来了紧迫的挑战，强调有必要制定计划，减少交通基础设施对海平面上升、极端天气事件和侵蚀加剧等影响的脆弱性。以前的研究侧重于文件分析和案例研究，并强调了在了解交通专业人员如何使用气候科学方面包括交通专业人员需求的重要性。通过直接纳入交通专业的观点，本文旨在填补在交通规划中使用气候信息的理解空白。为了获得有关地方和区域一级交通基础设施规划的数据以及增加资金对气候信息需求的重要性，我们对来自美国都市规划组织（mpo）的区域交通从业者（n = 105）进行了在线调查。该调查调查了这些区域规划者在交通基础设施规划中使用了哪些类型的气候相关信息，这些信息是如何使用的，以及从业人员认为哪些类型的决策支持是最有用的。我们还探讨了两党基础设施法/基础设施投资和就业法案（BIL/IIJA）的实施以及其他因素如何影响对气候信息的需求和使用。我们发现信息提供者需要改进决策支持工具，使它们(a)易于使用和解释，(b)包括明确的方法来建模选项之间的权衡，以及(c)允许用户轻松识别替代方案和决策的影响。我们的数据表明，增加气候信息使用的最明显方法之一是提供继续教育机会，使交通专业人员能够理解和使用气候信息和工具来实现恢复力目标。根据反馈，我们还看到了改善网络的机会，将具有气候服务经验的交通专业人员与经验较少的人员联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Local to regional-scale mechanisms behind successful climate services for agriculture in Latin America 拉丁美洲成功的农业气候服务背后的地方到区域尺度机制

IF 4.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Climate Risk Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100721

Diana Giraldo , David Ríos , Carlos Navarro-Racines , Kemly Camacho , Armando Martínez-Valle , Steven D. Prager , Diego Obando , Carlos Zelaya , Deissy Martínez-Baron , Ángel G. Muñoz , Julian Ramirez-Villegas

The provision of climate services (CS) has grown at an unprecedented rate over the last decade in response to climate-related risks in several sectors of the global economy; this is especially true in agriculture. Several studies document lessons learnt from (un)successful climate services, and attempt to distil these into key principles, recommendations, or requirements. However, limited systematic analysis and data on the characteristics of the CS that are conducive to success exist to date, including for agriculture. Here, we analyse the Local Technical Agroclimatic Committees (referred to here by its Spanish acronym MTAs) as a CS approach that effectively delivers information to farmers sustainably and at local scale. We propose a framework comprising sixteen metrics that help measure the effectiveness, sustainability, and scalability as key dimensions of CS success. We apply this framework to 26 MTAs across four Latin American countries, namely, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Colombia. The analyses revealed that the MTAs played a significant role in CS transformation pathways, producing a total of 158 outcomes (changes in behaviour of people or institutions), and involving at least 279 institutions at various levels and with diverse roles. Analyses of the sixteen metrics revealed a wide range of performance across the 26 MTAs, with nearly half of the MTAs considered to have or nearly-achieved effectiveness, sustainability, and scalability. MTAs success stems not only from an increase in numbers of farmers and locations reached but also from the evolving roles and responsibilities of a diverse ecosystem of actors that accompany enhanced capacities and tangible benefits on the ground. Based on these results, we propose key CS elements, namely, collaboration; participation; adaptability and flexibility; financial (crowd) resourcing; robust governance and strong leadership; awareness of and improvements in data availability, quality, and assurance; capacity development; user-centred communication; adequate incentives; and enabling policy environment.

在过去十年中，为应对全球经济若干部门的气候相关风险，气候服务（CS）的提供以前所未有的速度增长；在农业领域尤其如此。一些研究记录了从（不）成功的气候服务中吸取的经验教训，并试图将其提炼成关键原则、建议或要求。然而，迄今为止，包括农业在内，关于有利于成功的CS特征的系统分析和数据有限。在这里，我们分析了当地农业气候技术委员会（在这里以其西班牙语首字母缩略词mta）作为一种CS方法，有效地在当地规模上可持续地向农民提供信息。我们提出了一个包含16个指标的框架，这些指标有助于衡量CS成功的有效性、可持续性和可扩展性。我们将这一框架应用于危地马拉、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜和哥伦比亚这四个拉丁美洲国家的26个多边贸易协定。分析显示，mta在CS转型路径中发挥了重要作用，共产生158种结果（人们或机构的行为变化），涉及至少279个不同级别和不同角色的机构。对16项指标的分析揭示了26个mta的广泛表现，其中近一半的mta被认为具有或接近实现了有效性、可持续性和可扩展性。多边贸易协定的成功不仅源于覆盖的农民和地点数量的增加，还源于各种行为体生态系统的作用和责任的演变，以及实地能力和实际利益的增强。基于这些结果，我们提出了关键的CS要素，即协作；参与;适应性和灵活性；财务（人群）资源；健全的治理和强有力的领导；对数据可用性、质量和保证的认识和改进；发展能力;以用户为中心的沟通;足够的激励;以及有利的政策环境。

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