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Premier et second cycles des études médicales : le mirage de l’enseignement par simulation haute-fidélité 【本科医学训练:高保真模拟教学的幻觉】。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2025.01.001
Thomas Hanslik
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引用次数: 0
Les publications qui changent… le réveillon de l’interniste [改变的出版物......内科医生的平安夜]。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.11.008
Valentin Lacombe
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引用次数: 0
Mise au point sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge des troubles neurologiques fonctionnels de Jean-Martin Charcot à 2024 [Jean-Martin Charcot到2024年功能性神经疾病诊断和治疗的最新进展]。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.11.006
Mickael Aubignat, Pierre-Andréa Cervellera
Functional neurological disorders (FND) represent a major clinical challenge, characterized by neurological symptoms without identifiable organic lesions. Since the initial descriptions by Jean-Martin Charcot in the 19th century, the understanding and management of FND have evolved considerably. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of current knowledge on the diagnosis and management of FND, integrating recent advances and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches. The diagnosis of FND is based on specific positive clinical signs, rather than on the exclusion of other pathologies. Diagnostic criteria have been refined, promoting earlier recognition and better acceptance by patients. Psychiatric comorbidities, stress factors, and traumatic histories are frequently associated with FND, highlighting the importance of a holistic evaluation. The management of FND includes a multimodal approach, combining psychotherapy, physical rehabilitation, and targeted pharmacological interventions. The involvement of emerging technologies such as non-invasive brain stimulation and the use of artificial intelligence tools, opens up new perspectives in patient care. Finally, this review addresses the ongoing challenges related to stigma and the training of healthcare professionals, while proposing avenues for improving the quality of care provided to patients with FND.
功能性神经系统疾病(FND)是一个主要的临床挑战,其特征是神经系统症状而没有可识别的器质性病变。自19世纪让-马丁·沙科(Jean-Martin Charcot)最初描述以来,对FND的理解和管理有了很大的发展。本文综述了FND诊断和治疗的最新知识,并结合了最新进展和多学科治疗方法。FND的诊断是基于特定的阳性临床体征,而不是排除其他病理。诊断标准得到了改进,促进了患者的早期认识和更好的接受。精神合并症、压力因素和创伤史经常与FND相关,强调了整体评估的重要性。FND的治疗包括多模式的方法,结合心理治疗、身体康复和有针对性的药物干预。新兴技术的介入,如非侵入性脑刺激和人工智能工具的使用,为患者护理开辟了新的视角。最后,本综述解决了与耻辱感和医疗保健专业人员培训相关的持续挑战,同时提出了改善向FND患者提供的护理质量的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Issue Contents
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0248-8663(24)01324-9
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引用次数: 0
How to avoid gifts from your patients after the Christmas holidays? 如何避免病人在圣诞节假期后送礼物?
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.11.015
Quentin Richier , Dorothée Fey , Mary Kate Kelly , Shakeel Sumodhee , Achille Raviez , Benjamin Glemain

Background

Receiving gifts from patients could generate an ethical dilemma for physicians and refusing a present may be perceived as an offence.

Objective

To differentiate the particular physician characteristics that are associated with receiving gifts from outpatients. To propose a strategy to avoid gifts and thus ethical dilemma.

Design

A prospective and multicentric study in France during the month of January 2024.

Setting

Public hospitals, private hospitals and family practices across 20 cities in France.

Participants

Physicians from 21 medical and surgical specialities. Setting Public hospitals, private hospitals and family practices across 20 cities in France.

Interventions

Each physician completed a questionnaire that highlighted their habitual practices during consultations and recorded the gifts they received on a standardized gift calendar.

Main outcomes measures

Receiving at least one gift during January 2024.

Results

In total, 655 physicians were contacted before December 31st, 2023, 109 (16.6%) positively responded, of them 76 (70%) declared receiving at least one gift from patients. An experience > 10 years in the current job (P = 0.04), being the “Explorer” Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality type (P = 0.034), and a frequent delay of over 30 minutes at the end of the day of consultations (P = 0.048) were statistically associated with a higher likelihood of receiving at least one gift from patients in multivariate analysis. The physicians who received the most gifts per 100 consultations were those with over 10 years experience and those who fell under the MBTI personality role “Explorer”: 2.72 (IQR [1.56–7.55], P = 0.029) and 3.33 (IQR [2.16–6.43], P = 0.028), respectively.

Conclusion

After analysing the factors that increase the risk of receiving a gift from a patient, we have surmised the following advice for physicians who do not wish to find themselves in the midst of an ethical dilemma. They should avoid staying in the same service for more than 5 years, try to adopt the MBTI personality type “Analyst” and be on time in their consultations.
背景:接受病人的礼物可能会给医生带来道德困境,拒绝接受礼物可能会被视为一种冒犯。目的:区分与接受门诊病人礼物有关的特殊医生特征。提出避免赠礼从而陷入伦理困境的策略。设计:2024年1月在法国进行的前瞻性多中心研究。环境:法国20个城市的公立医院、私立医院和家庭诊所。参与者:来自21个医学和外科专业的医生。在法国20个城市设立公立医院、私立医院和家庭诊所。干预措施:每位医生完成一份问卷,突出他们在咨询期间的习惯做法,并在标准化的礼物日历上记录他们收到的礼物。主要结果测量:在2024年1月期间至少收到一份礼物。结果:在2023年12月31日前,共联系了655名医生,其中109名(16.6%)积极回应,其中76名(70%)表示至少收到过一份患者的礼物。多变量分析显示,在职10年以上的经验(P=0.04)、“探索者”迈尔斯·布里格斯类型指标(MBTI)人格类型(P=0.034)以及在咨询结束时经常延迟30分钟以上(P=0.048)与从患者那里收到至少一份礼物的可能性较高相关。每100次问诊中收到礼物最多的是有10年以上工作经验的医生和MBTI人格角色“探索者”的医生:分别为2.72 (IQR [1.56-7.55], P=0.029)和3.33 (IQR [2.16-6.43], P=0.028)。结论:在分析了增加接受病人礼物风险的因素后,我们为那些不希望自己陷入道德困境的医生提供了以下建议。他们应避免在同一部门工作超过5年,尽量采用MBTI人格类型“分析师”,并按时进行咨询。
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引用次数: 0
Des membres inférieurs asymétriques [下肢不对称]
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.08.001
Stéphane Vignes , Yasaman Jahromi , Cynthia Nabitz , Guillaume Canaud
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引用次数: 0
Le syndrome d’hyperviscosité sérique : mise au point en 2024 [血清粘稠度过高综合征:2024 年更新]。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.07.008
Pierre-Edouard Debureaux , Nathalie Parquet , Anne C. Brignier , Dikelele Elessa , Virginie Lemiale , Virginie Siguret , Pierre-Antoine Quintard , Stéphanie Harel , Bruno Royer , Bertrand Arnulf , Alexis Talbot
Seric hyperviscosity syndrome is a medical emergency linked to hyperproteinemia. The clinical diagnosis hinges on a triad of symptoms: mucosal hemorrhages, visual disturbances, and neurological disorders, observed in the most severe cases. Diagnosis is swiftly confirmed through an urgent fundoscopic examination. Therapeutic plasma exchange is the primary treatment for severe cases or following confirmation by fundoscopy. Laboratory tests predominantly identify the syndrome's etiology, with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (characterized by a marked IgM peak) being the most common cause, followed by multiple myeloma and cryoglobulinemias. To prevent recurrence, targeted treatment of the underlying cause is implemented following plasma exchange sessions.
血清高粘度综合征是一种与高蛋白血症有关的急症。临床诊断取决于三联症状:粘膜出血、视力障碍和神经功能紊乱,最严重的病例会出现这些症状。通过紧急眼底镜检查可迅速确诊。治疗性血浆置换是重症病例或眼底镜检查确诊后的主要治疗方法。实验室检查主要确定该综合征的病因,其中最常见的病因是瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症(以明显的 IgM 峰为特征),其次是多发性骨髓瘤和低温球蛋白血症。为防止复发,在血浆置换疗程后,会对病因进行针对性治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Chez les adultes admis aux soins intensifs et sous ventilation mécanique, l’utilisation du pantoprazole en prophylaxie diminue-t-elle le risque d’hémorragie digestive haute tout en étant sécuritaire ? [在接受重症监护的机械通气成人患者中,与安慰剂相比,使用泮托拉唑进行预防是否能降低消化道出血的风险,是否安全?]
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.10.010
Luc Lanthier , Michaël Mayette , Alexandre Mutchmore , Marc-Émile Plourde , Michel Cauchon
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引用次数: 0
L’impact du changement climatique sur les maladies systémiques [气候变化对免疫介导炎性疾病的影响]。
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.11.016
Maxime Beydon , Anaïs Roeser , Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau , Benjamin de Sainte-Marie , Yann Nguyen , Club Greenternist
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引用次数: 0
Aortites [大动脉炎]
IF 0.7 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.06.015
Olivier Espitia , Claire Toquet , Bastien Jamet , Jean-Michel Serfaty , Christian Agard
Aortitis is a rare disease entity of unknown prevalence. Primary aortitis mainly affects the thoracic aorta. They are most often diagnosed on imaging by grade III 18-FDG uptake of the aortic wall on PET, or by circumferential thickening > 2.2 mm on CT or MRI with late-stage contrast. More rarely, aortitis is histologically proven, as in some cases of clinically isolated aortitis discovered after planned aortic aneurysm surgery or during aortic dissection surgery. The most common histological types are granulomatous/giant cell or lymphoplasmacytic. Clinical signs associated with aortitis are often non-specific: asthenia, fever, dry cough, chest, back, lumbar or abdominal pain. Aortitis can be divided into different etiological categories: primary aortitis, which includes vasculitis with a preferential or exclusive tropism for the aortic wall, aortitis secondary to systemic or iatrogenic diseases, and infectious aortitis. The main etiologies of primary aortitis are giant cell arteritis (GCA), Takayasu arteritis (TA) or clinically isolated aortitis. Aortitis secondary to systemic diseases is seen in atrophying polychondritis, systemic lupus and inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as spondyloarthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis. In both ACG and AT, aortitis is a negative factor, characterized by a higher risk of relapse, cardiovascular complications and increased mortality. The management of aortitis is insufficiently codified, and relies on the control of cardiovascular risk factors, with particular monitoring of blood pressure and LDL cholesterol, and on corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppressive drugs, the use of which will depend on the disease associated with the aortitis, the initial severity and comorbidities.
大动脉炎是一种罕见的疾病,发病率不详。原发性大动脉炎主要影响胸主动脉。最常见的诊断依据是正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)上主动脉壁对 18-FDG 的Ⅲ级摄取,或使用后期造影剂的 CT 或核磁共振成像(MRI)上周缘增厚>2.2 毫米。更罕见的情况是,主动脉炎经组织学证实,如在计划的主动脉瘤手术后或主动脉夹层手术中发现的一些临床孤立性主动脉炎病例。最常见的组织学类型是肉芽肿性/巨细胞性或淋巴浆细胞性。主动脉炎的临床症状通常没有特异性:气喘、发热、干咳、胸痛、背痛、腰痛或腹痛。大动脉炎可分为不同的病因类别:原发性大动脉炎,包括对主动脉壁有优先或唯一滋养作用的血管炎;继发于全身性疾病或先天性疾病的大动脉炎;以及感染性大动脉炎。原发性大动脉炎的主要病因是巨细胞动脉炎(GCA)、高安动脉炎(TA)或临床孤立性大动脉炎。继发于全身性疾病的大动脉炎可见于萎缩性多软骨炎、系统性红斑狼疮和炎症性风湿病,如脊柱关节病和类风湿性关节炎。在 ACG 和 AT 中,大动脉炎都是一个负面因素,其特点是复发、心血管并发症和死亡率增加的风险较高。大动脉炎的治疗方法尚不完善,主要依赖于对心血管危险因素的控制,特别是对血压和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的监测,以及皮质类固醇治疗和免疫抑制剂,其使用取决于与大动脉炎相关的疾病、最初的严重程度和合并症。
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