Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献_第8页

Reassessment of the chronostratigraphic and paleogeographic distribution of the Permian prepollen genus Nuskoisporites 二叠纪前花粉属Nuskoisporites的年代地层和古地理分布的再评价

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105425

Iván R. Barreiro , José B. Diez , Anna Fijałkowska-Mader , Elke Schneebeli-Hermann , Amalia Spina , Evelyn Kustatscher

The genus Nuskoisporites is a common component of Permian palynofloras, with biostratigraphic and paleogeographic importance. Despite the existence of previous revisions of its occurrence, there are still uncertainties concerning its complete stratigraphic range and paleogeographic distribution. This study presents a comprehensive review of historical records, complemented by new morphometric data derived from 446 Nuskoisporites specimens representing ten geographically distinct regions. Three morphometric variables were measured and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): total size (diameter), the ratio of total size to central body diameter (P:CB), and the ratio of central body diameter to average laesurae length (CB:L). Two morphotypes can be distinguished based on those characters, each exhibiting different stratigraphic ranges. The older morphotype spans the Pennsylvanian to lower Guadalupian, while the younger form is confined to the upper Cisuralian through Lopingian. Current evidence supports the extinction of Nuskoisporites shortly before or at the Permian–Triassic boundary, thereby reflecting a genuine ecological turnover rather than reworking or preservation bias. Paleogeographic and paleoecological analyses indicate that Nuskoisporites initially had a broad distribution across multiple phytoprovinces and latitudes. However, a marked reduction of its geographic distribution is observed during the Lopingian, restricting the pollen to low-latitude regions of the western Tethys margin, coinciding with intensified global aridification and environmental stress. This integrated approach of Nuskoisporites provides a refined stratigraphic range for the genus and new insights into its ecological dynamics during the end of the Carboniferous and Permian.

Nuskoisporites属是二叠纪孢粉植物的共同组成部分，具有重要的生物地层学和古地理意义。尽管已有对其产状的修正，但其完整的地层范围和古地理分布仍存在不确定性。本研究对历史记录进行了全面的回顾，并辅以来自10个不同地理区域的446个Nuskoisporites标本的新的形态测量数据。采用主成分分析法（PCA）对3个形态计量变量进行了测量和分析：总大小（直径）、总大小与中心体直径之比（P:CB）和中心体直径与平均体长之比（CB:L）。根据这些特征可以区分出两种形态，每种形态表现出不同的地层范围。较老的形态跨越宾夕法尼亚纪至下瓜达鲁普纪，而较年轻的形态则局限于上西苏拉纪至洛平纪。目前的证据支持Nuskoisporites在二叠纪-三叠纪界线之前或附近的灭绝，从而反映了真正的生态更替，而不是重新加工或保存的偏见。古地理和古生态分析表明，Nuskoisporites最初在多个植物省和纬度具有广泛的分布。然而，在洛平纪期间，其地理分布明显减少，将花粉限制在特提斯西部边缘的低纬度地区，与全球干旱化和环境压力加剧相一致。Nuskoisporites的这种综合方法为该属提供了一个精细的地层范围，并为其在石炭纪和二叠纪末期的生态动态提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological variation and evolutionary trends in pollen of Bacopa (Gratioleae-Plantaginaceae) 假马齿苋花粉形态变异及进化趋势

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105422

María de las Mercedes Sosa , Mariela Nuñez-Florentín , María Betiana Angulo , Juan Manuel Coronel , Cristina Salgado Laurenti

Bacopa (Gratioleae-Plantaginaceae) is a plant genus with great morphological variability and little previous information on its palynology. Thus, the aim of the present study is to describe palynological characters of potential taxonomic significance for the delimitation of Bacopa species and to discuss their systematic implications. In addition, the evolution and systematic utility of palynological characters in the genus were also analyzed. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, observed and analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy, measured and photographed. Analyses based on qualitative and quantitative data were performed based on descriptive and multivariate statistics. Also, the ancestral reconstruction of palynological characters was carried out by stochastic character mapping, based on previous phylogenies. The pollen morphology of 22 taxa was described for the first time. The pollen morphology of Bacopa contributes to taxonomic studies of the genus because it allows the formation of groups that coincide with previously proposed sections. The compound opening (tricolporate) was considered as an ancestral character state, as well as the tectate exine, small size and prolate-spheroidal shape. Bacopa is confirmed as an eurypalynous genus, the number and type of apertures allowed us to differentiate three pollen types that coincide with the subclades determined by molecular phylogeny.

假马齿苋是一个形态变异较大的植物属，前人对其孢粉学的研究很少。因此，本研究的目的是描述具有潜在分类意义的孢粉学特征，并讨论其系统意义。此外，还分析了该属孢粉学特征的演化及其系统利用。对花粉粒进行乙酰化处理，光镜、扫描电镜观察分析，测量拍照。基于描述性和多变量统计进行定性和定量数据分析。在前人系统发育的基础上，采用随机特征映射的方法进行孢粉特征的祖先重建。对22个分类群的花粉形态进行了首次描述。假马齿苋的花粉形态有助于该属的分类学研究，因为它允许形成与先前提出的部分一致的群。复合开口（三孔）被认为是一个祖先的特征状态，以及盾状外壁，小尺寸和延长的球体形状。假马齿苋属为全花粉属，花粉孔的数量和类型使我们能够区分出三种花粉类型，这些花粉类型与分子系统发育确定的亚支系一致。

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引用次数: 0

First record of fossil algal diversity in Lake Sevan, Armenia: Illuminating ecological dynamics and environmental parameters 亚美尼亚塞万湖化石藻类多样性的首次记录：阐明生态动态和环境参数

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105420

N. Hayrapetyan , E. Hakobyan , M. Melkonian , A. Mamyan , E. Kvavadze , G. Zhamakochyan , A.A. Bruch , I. Gabrielyan

Algae serve as valuable proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in sedimentary environments. Fossil algae from Middle to Late Holocene sediments, alongside pollen data, enrich our understanding of environmental changes, particularly evident in the Tsovinar-1 section of Lake Sevan, Armenia.

Botryococcus and Pediastrum/Pseudopediastrum are sensitive indicators of hydrological changes and reflect fluctuations in lake level. The comparatively high abundance of Pediastrum/Pseudopediastrum and Botryococcus from 6000 BC to 4400 ca. BC, when water levels were elevated, together with the occurrence of the genera Gomphonema, Fragilaria, Cymbella, and Epithemia during high lake level phases, underscores their utility as pelagic indicators. From 4400 to 2600 ca. BC, no aquatic vegetation is recorded at Tsovinar-1 under relatively more arid conditions. Later, from 2600 to 1400 ca. BC the lake level rose again and eutrophic conditions in some shallow areas along the coastal zone developed, indicated by high abundances of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia. Later, after 600 ca. BC, further variations in water level occurred and are mirrored in algal abundances. Changes of pH followed those trends of water level and are mainly reflected in the occurrences of Zygnematophyceae, particularly with high numbers of Spirogyra and Mougeotia.

The results suggest that algal species hold a valuable potential for paleoecological reconstructions, calling for further studies across diverse environmental gradients. Notably, the first documentation of Gloeotrichia in the fossil record of the Caucasus provides a new proxy for the analysis of environmental changes in lakes and pools of the Armenian Highland.

藻类是沉积环境古环境重建的重要代用物。来自全新世中晚期沉积物的藻类化石，以及花粉数据，丰富了我们对环境变化的理解，特别是在亚美尼亚塞万湖的Tsovinar-1段。Botryococcus和Pediastrum/Pseudopediastrum是水文变化的敏感指标，反映了湖泊水位的波动。在公元前6000年至公元前4400年，当水位升高时，Pediastrum/Pseudopediastrum和Botryococcus的丰度相对较高，而在高水位阶段，Gomphonema、Fragilaria、Cymbella和Epithemia属的出现，强调了它们作为上层生物指标的作用。从公元前4400年到公元前2600年，在相对干旱的条件下，Tsovinar-1没有水生植被的记录。后来，从公元前2600年到公元前1400年，湖泊水位再次上升，沿海地带的一些浅水地区出现了富营养化状况，具有高丰度的固氮蓝藻Gloeotrichia。后来，公元前600年以后，水位发生了进一步的变化，反映在藻类的丰度上。pH值的变化与水位的变化趋势一致，主要体现在刺丝虫的出现上，特别是Spirogyra和Mougeotia的数量较多。结果表明，藻类在古生态重建中具有宝贵的潜力，需要在不同的环境梯度下进一步研究。值得注意的是，高加索地区化石记录中关于Gloeotrichia的第一份文件为分析亚美尼亚高地湖泊和池塘的环境变化提供了新的代理。

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引用次数: 0

Palaeoenvironmental response to the Early Cretaceous volcanic ash fall: Evidence from palynology and palynofacies of the tonstein-bearing coal seam of Kharanor Deposit, Transbaikalia, Russia 早白垩世火山灰沉降的古环境响应：来自俄罗斯外贝加尔地区Kharanor矿区含铜煤层孢粉学和孢粉相的证据

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105421

Andrey G. Fedyaevskiy , Alexey V. Vergunov , Sofia S. Shadrina

Volcanic ash falls, being one of the consequences of eruptive palaeoevents, are reflected in the geological record of coal-bearing sediments as tonsteins, thin clayey interlayers. Information on the palaeontological characteristics of tonsteins and assessments of the influence of ash on the palaeoenvironment are still fragmentary. This paper presents new palynological and palynofacies data obtained for the tonstein-bearing Kharanor coal deposit located in Transbaikalia, Russia. The spore and pollen assemblages indicate the early Albian (Cretaceous) age of the sediments. The tonstein palynomorph composition differs markedly from the host coal one, which is expressed in an increased number of fern spores and a decreased content of gymnosperm pollen. The palynofacies composition of the Kharanor tonstein is characterised by a high content of phytoclasts of the cutinite subgroup and an increased content of palynomorphs and amorphous organic matter, whereas the lower and upper coals are dominated by vitrinite and inertinite phytoclasts. The results indicate peat-forming conditions that existed in a swampy area where a predominantly gymnosperm-fern forest grew in a wet and warm-temperate climate. At one point the area was covered by a relatively thick layer of volcanic ash, resulting in the burial of the lower forest layers, possibly during their spore production period. Rapid rates of sedimentation and subsequent compaction resulted in the conservation of organic matter, including unstable soft plant tissues. However, the impact of the volcanic event on vegetation and palaeoenvironment had a noticeable but short-term effect. No fundamental changes in flora or sedimentation conditions followed in the long term.

火山灰落体是火山喷发古事件的结果之一，在含煤沉积物的地质记录中反映为薄粘土夹层。关于火山的古生物学特征和火山灰对古环境影响的评估的资料仍然是零碎的。本文介绍了俄罗斯外贝加尔地区含铜矿区Kharanor煤矿的孢粉学和孢粉相新资料。孢子和花粉组合表明沉积物的早白垩纪时代。其孢粉组成与寄主煤的孢粉组成明显不同，表现为蕨类孢子数量增加，裸子植物花粉含量减少。其孢粉相组成以高含量的角质质亚群植物碎屑为主，孢粉质和无定形有机质含量增加，而下部和上部煤则以镜质组和惰质组植物碎屑为主。结果表明，泥炭形成条件存在于沼泽地区，在潮湿和温暖的气候中，主要生长着裸子植物-蕨类森林。该地区一度被一层相对较厚的火山灰覆盖，导致较低的森林层被掩埋，可能是在它们产生孢子的时期。快速的沉积速率和随后的压实导致了有机物的保存，包括不稳定的软植物组织。然而，火山事件对植被和古环境的影响是明显的，但短期的。长期以来，植物群或沉积条件没有发生根本变化。

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引用次数: 0

World list of Quaternary pollen and spore atlases, an update 世界第四纪花粉和孢子地图集目录，更新

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105404

Henry Hooghiemstra , Suzette G.A. Flantua

In the past decades, numerous studies have focused on the morphological identification of fossil pollen grains and fern spores. This paper provides an updated compilation of regional Quaternary pollen and spore floras, categorized per continent. This list includes books, standalone papers, series under a common title, textbooks, and open access electronic pollen reference collections available at websites. Regional pollen floras cover diverse geographical scales, from urban areas and national parks to mountain areas and broader phytogeographical units. This update builds on the ‘World list of Quaternary pollen and spore atlases’ published in 1998, incorporating over 300 new references from 1998 to 2025, bringing the total number of references to almost 800. The quality of photographs varies much, pollen identification keys are not always provided, and some publications remain difficult to access. A thorough understanding of available printed literature and online pollen reference collections is essential for improving the accuracy of fossil pollen and spore identification.

在过去的几十年里，大量的研究集中在化石花粉粒和蕨类孢子的形态学鉴定上。本文提供了按大陆分类的区域第四纪花粉和孢子区系的最新汇编。这个列表包括书籍、独立论文、共同标题下的系列、教科书和网站上可获得的开放获取电子花粉参考资料集。区域花粉区系覆盖不同的地理尺度，从城市地区和国家公园到山区和更广泛的植物地理单位。该更新以1998年出版的《世界第四纪花粉和孢子地图集目录》为基础，从1998年到2025年增加了300多篇参考文献，使参考文献总数达到近800篇。照片的质量参差不齐，花粉鉴定钥匙并不总是提供，一些出版物仍然难以获得。深入了解现有的印刷文献和在线花粉参考资料对于提高化石花粉和孢子鉴定的准确性至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Paludification-driven peatlands development and vegetation variations in Alataw Mountains, Northwest China since the Late Holocene: Insights from multiple indicators 晚全新世以来阿拉塔山泥炭地发育与植被变化：来自多个指标的启示

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105419

Ao Yan , Jiangyong Wang , Zhankui Bai , Xudong Liu , Qingcao Tian

Exploring the impacts of environmental changes on the peatlands evolution and vegetation succession can provide valuable insights for studying the development of wetland ecosystems, especially in arid Northwest China. This study conducted analyses of phytoliths, grain size, organic matter, and humification degree in the ARXT peatland within the Alataw Mountains, Xinjiang, and further investigated the formation, development, and vegetation dynamics of the peatland over the past 3100 years by integrating vegetation Rate-of-change (RoCs) analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the period from 3100 to 2600 cal yr BP was characterized by a shallow lacustrine environment, followed by the gradual onset of paludification and incipient peat accumulation. Between 2600 and 1000 cal yr BP, the system transitioned to a swamp environment, during which peat underwent stable development. Since 1000 cal yr BP, the peatland has been subjected to a generally cold and dry environment, leading to accelerated decomposition of organic matter and unstable peat accumulation. With the onset of lake paludification, herbaceous taxa dominated by Poaceae and Cyperaceae underwent rapid proliferation. Vegetation RoCs increased markedly during the lake paludification phase (3100–2362 cal yr BP), stabilized throughout the peat accumulation period (2362–720 cal yr BP), and rose again after 720 cal yr BP, concomitant with environmental cooling and declining peatland water levels. Driven by the joint influence of temperature and wetland hydrology, paludification emerged as the primary driver of ARXT peatland development and vegetation dynamics. Human pasture activities exerted no significant influence on vegetation changes in ARXT peatland.

探讨环境变化对泥炭地演化和植被演替的影响，可以为研究西北干旱地区湿地生态系统的发展提供有价值的见解。本研究对新疆阿拉塔山ARXT泥炭地进行了植物岩、粒度、有机质和腐殖化程度的分析，并结合植被变化率（roc）分析和结构方程模型，进一步研究了过去3100年泥炭地的形成、发展和植被动态。结果表明，3100 ~ 2600 cal yr BP为浅湖环境，随后逐渐发生泥炭化和泥炭初成期。在2600 - 1000 cal yr BP之间，系统过渡到沼泽环境，泥炭在此期间经历了稳定的发展。自1000 cal yr BP以来，泥炭地一直处于普遍寒冷干燥的环境中，导致有机质分解加速，泥炭积累不稳定。随着湖泊酸化的开始，以禾本科和苏科为主的草本类群迅速增殖。随着环境降温和泥炭地水位下降，植被碳足迹在湖泊化期（3100 ~ 2362 cal yr BP）显著增加，在泥炭堆积期（2362 ~ 720 cal yr BP）趋于稳定，在720 cal yr BP之后再次上升。在温度和湿地水文的共同影响下，淤泥化成为ARXT泥炭地发育和植被动态的主要驱动力。人类放牧活动对ARXT泥炭地植被变化无显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering interfungal relationships in the 410-million-yr-old Rhynie chert: Glomites bacatus nov. sp. (sporocarp-forming Glomeromycota) and associated microfungi 4.1亿年前Rhynie chert真菌间关系的解读：球囊菌（形成孢子的球囊菌科）和相关的微真菌

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105418

Michael Krings

The fossil record of the Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert of Scotland includes a wide variety of spores, most of which formed singly in the axes of land plants; only a few have been reported to occur as sporocarps. The Rhynie chert also provides ample evidence that these spores were attractive as a habitat and nutritional basis for other fungi. Here, I describe a new glomeromycotan sporocarp from the Rhynie chert, Glomites bacatus nov. sp., which consists of more than 100 glomoid spores and is completely enveloped by a peridium of tightly interlacing and interlocking hyphae with vesicle-like swellings. Both the peridium and the spores of the specimens at hand are colonized by other fungi, including chytrid-like thalli comparable to Rhizophydites bicornis. Other remains associated with the sporocarps could belong to fungus-like Oomycetes. These include stalked spherules reminiscent of chlamydospores, flask-shaped structures resembling sporangia, and a putative intercalary oogonium containing two unequal-sized oospores and subtended by a hypogynous antheridium with a fertilization tube protruding into one of the oospores. This discovery expands our knowledge of sporocarpic Glomeromycota in the Rhynie ecosystem and provides further evidence for the function of these fungi as hosts for other microbial life.

来自苏格兰下泥盆世Rhynie岩的肾小球菌科（丛枝菌根真菌）的化石记录包括各种各样的孢子，其中大多数是在陆地植物的轴中单独形成的；只有少数被报道为孢子囊。Rhynie燧石也提供了充分的证据，证明这些孢子作为其他真菌的栖息地和营养基础是有吸引力的。在这里，我描述了一种来自Rhynie chert的新的肾小球孢子皮，Glomites bacatus nov. sp.，它由100多个球状孢子组成，并被紧密交错和互锁的菌丝所包裹，具有囊泡样的膨胀。手头标本的周膜和孢子都被其他真菌定植，包括类似于双角根菌的壶状菌体。与孢子囊相关的其他遗迹可能属于真菌样卵菌。其中包括与衣原体孢子相似的柄状球体，类似孢子囊的瓶状结构，以及一个假定的含两个大小不等的卵孢子的间胚囊，由一个下胚囊支撑，其中一个卵孢子中有一个受精管。这一发现扩大了我们对Rhynie生态系统中孢子生小球菌的认识，并为这些真菌作为其他微生物生命宿主的功能提供了进一步的证据。

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引用次数: 0

There and back again; on dinoflagellate cyst index events of the Eocene - Oligocene Transition in the (Para)Tethyan Realm 来去匆匆；特提斯地区始新世-渐新世过渡时期鞭毛藻囊指数事件的研究

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105414

Henk Brinkhuis , Chiara Fioroni , Mustafa Yücel Kaya

A recent biochronostratigraphic (coccolithophorids, dinoflagellate cysts) and paleoenvironmental analysis of the hemipelagic deposits of the İhsaniye Formation, exposed along the cliffs in the Karaburun area (Black Sea coast, NW Turkey) provided new insights into the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic evolution of the central (Para-)Tethyan region across the Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT). Among others, the study identified the Earliest Oligocene Stable Isotope Step (EOIS) marking the inception of Antarctica's first continental-scale ice sheets since the mid-Permian and coinciding with a major eustatic lowering, followed by the Early Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) period with its peak δ¹⁸O values. The study showed apparent (quasi) continuity of the EOT succession at Karaburun, a notion that is not a 100% obvious from the organic walled dinoflagellate cyst (or dinocyst) record. This is mainly because the iconic Eocene – earliest Oligocene taxon Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, in coeval sections in the region quite abundant near the end of the Eocene, is virtually absent. Here, we focus on obtaining a more detailed picture of correlative secondary dinocyst and other EOT bioevents allowing an even more robust chronostratigraphic assessment of the succession, including correlation to the Italian type sections. Particularly the ranges of the (herein taxonomically revised) species Explodinium priabonensis gen. and comb. nov. and the new species Glaphyrocysta peterbijlii sp. nov. may be regarded as additional criteria to correlate EOT strata within the (Para)Tethyan realm. Combined evidence now suggests that the Karaburun section may not be as complete as previously assumed and that a small part of the succession correlative to the base of the EOGM, representing a portion of the Adi dinocyst Zone may be missing. This aspect does not affect the overall outcome and significance of the studies at Karaburun. In fact, a brief hiatus may well be driven by the major EOT sea level lowering.

最近对土耳其西北部黑海沿岸卡拉布伦地区（Karaburun）悬崖上暴露的İhsaniye组半深海沉积物的生物年代地层（球石藻、鞭毛藻囊）和古环境分析，为特提斯中部（Para-）地区在始新世-渐新世过渡时期（EOT）的古海洋学和古气候演化提供了新的认识。其中，研究确定了早渐新世稳定同位素台阶（EOIS），标志着自中二叠纪以来南极洲第一个大陆尺度冰盖的开始，与一次主要的海平面上升下降相吻合，随后是早渐新世冰川极大期（EOGM），其δ18O值达到峰值。该研究显示Karaburun的EOT演替具有明显的（准）连续性，但从有机壁鞭毛藻囊肿（或dinocyst）记录来看，这一概念并非100%明显。这主要是因为始新世至最早渐新世的标志性分类群Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum在该地区近始新世末期相当丰富的同期剖面中几乎没有。在这里，我们的重点是获得相关的次生恐龙囊和其他EOT生物事件的更详细的图片，从而对演替进行更可靠的年代地层评估，包括与意大利类型剖面的相关性。特别讨论了（在此进行了分类学修订的）种priabonensis generia和comb的分布范围。11 .和新种Glaphyrocysta peterbijlii sp. 11 .可被视为特提斯（Para）领域EOT地层的附加标准。综合证据表明，卡拉布伦剖面可能不像以前假设的那样完整，与EOGM基底相关的一小部分演替可能缺失，代表阿迪囊泡带的一部分。这方面并不影响Karaburun研究的总体结果和意义。事实上，一个短暂的间歇很可能是由主要的EOT海平面下降所驱动的。

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引用次数: 0

A rare permineralized Sphenophyllum (Sphenophyta, Sphenophyllales) stem containing abundant fungal remains from the Permian of Autun, central France 一种罕见的过矿化的叶藻（叶藻科，叶藻科）茎，含有丰富的真菌残留物，来自法国中部的奥顿的二叠纪

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105416

Thibault Durieux , Carla J. Harper , Anne-Laure Decombeix , Michael Krings

Present-day sphenophytes, i.e. the species of the genus Equisetum, are hosts to a variety of fungi. Although the Sphenophyta have a long evolutionary history and were far more diverse in the past than they are today, little is known about fungi associated with the fossil representatives of this group of free-sporing vascular plants. A permineralized Sphenophyllum stem from the early Permian Autun Basin in France contains several types of fungal remains in the xylem and periderm, including a Perexiflasca-like chytrid thallus, blastic inflations of hyphal tips resembling simple glomoid spores, basidiomycete hyphae with clamp connections, and compact, three-dimensional hyphal structures of unknown function and systematic affinity. Cell wall appositions in the periderm are evidence that at least one of the fungi colonized the stem while it was alive. A taphonomic peculiarity are trace fossils of hyphae in tracheids filled with an amber-colored to brown substance, perhaps a type of gum. This is only the second report of fungi from the aerial parts of a fossil sphenophyte. It adds to the growing body of evidence that diverse fungal communities were associated with the iconic plants of the Carboniferous and early Permian coal swamp forests.

今天的蕨类植物，即木贼属的物种，是各种真菌的宿主。尽管叶藻的进化史很长，过去的种类也比现在多得多，但人们对与这组自由孢子维管植物化石代表相关的真菌知之甚少。来自法国早二叠世秋季盆地的一种过矿物质化的叶ophyllum茎在木质部和周皮中含有几种类型的真菌遗迹，包括过叶壶状菌体、菌丝尖端类似简单球囊孢子的囊胚膨胀、具有夹紧连接的担子菌菌丝，以及功能未知的致密三维菌丝结构和系统亲和力。外周细胞壁的附着证明至少有一种真菌在其活着时定植在茎上。一个地语学上的特点是气管中菌丝的痕迹化石，里面充满了琥珀色到棕色的物质，可能是一种胶质。这只是第二次从苔藓化石的气生部分发现真菌的报道。越来越多的证据表明，不同的真菌群落与石炭纪和早二叠纪煤沼泽森林的标志性植物有关。

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引用次数: 0

A 1100-years paleovegetation and paleoclimate record from western Türkiye linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation variability 西部地区1100年的古植被和古气候记录与北大西洋涛动变率有关

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105417

Mesut Kolbüken , Demet Biltekin , Tom Veldkamp , Bülent Arıkan , Dursun Acar

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a significant role on atmospheric circulation variability in the North Atlantic region, modulating the strength and the direction of the westerly winds belt and storm tracks, affecting the precipitation patterns in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Studies indicate significant variations in the mode of the NAO over the last millennium, largely driven by changes in solar forcing. Here, we present a palynological record from Lake Marmara, western Türkiye and a quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate variables based on the variations of pollen taxa over the last 1100 years. The palynological records and paleoclimate reconstruction from Lake Marmara indicate that the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) was marked by low arboreal pollen (AP), high seasonality, and drier conditions, whereas the Little Ice Age (LIA) between ∼ 300–100 cal. yr BP was characterized by high AP, low seasonality, and wetter conditions. The results demonstrate a stronger alignment with the NAO variability over the past millennium compared to the other proxy records in Türkiye.

北大西洋涛动（NAO）对北大西洋地区大气环流变率具有重要影响，它调节了西风带和风暴路径的强度和方向，影响了东地中海地区的降水模式。研究表明，在过去一千年中，NAO的模式发生了显著变化，这主要是由太阳强迫的变化所驱动的。在此基础上，我们对基耶西部马尔马拉湖的孢粉记录进行了分析，并基于近1100年来花粉分类群的变化对古气候变量进行了定量重建。马尔马拉湖孢粉记录和古气候重建表明，中世纪暖期（MWP）表现为低树花粉（AP）、高季节性和干燥条件，而小冰期（LIA）在~ 300-100 cal. yr BP之间表现为高树花粉（AP）、低季节性和湿润条件。结果表明，与t rkiye的其他代理记录相比，过去一千年的NAO变率与NAO的一致性更强。

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