Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme最新文献

Objective

Fasting Ramadan can affect the normal circadian pattern, especially in terms of sleep times and patterns. The objective was to analyze sleep quality and habits in diseased and healthy population using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) both during and outside of Ramadan.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 240 subjects (cardiovascular diseases [CVD], diabetes [DM]) and 120 healthy subjects. Data entry and processing were performed with R. 3.2.4 software. The significance level was 0.05.

Results

Regarding fasting, 88.33% of subjects with CVD fasted during Ramadan against 55.83% of subjects with DM (P > 0.05). PSQI results showed that subjects with CVD and DM were poor sleepers (PSQI > 5), regardless of the period during or outside Ramadan, unlike healthy subjects who had a good quality of sleep during Ramadan (PSQI ≤ 5). Sleep latency did not change for all subjects regardless of the period (P > 0.05). While the duration of sleep was always higher during Ramadan despite the population (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The observance of Ramadan influenced the potential duration of sleep, which was found to be longer during the holy month. However, no significant impact was observed on the quality of sleep of diseased subjects, nor on sleep latency for all subjects.

This study aims to assess links among chronic stress, food addiction, eating behavior and body weight in adult Algerian population. A total of 210 adult participants were included in the study. Perceived Stress Scale PSS-10 was used to assess chronic stress. Subjects were divided into groups with low, moderate and high levels of stress. The Yale Food Addiction Scale YAFS was used to assess food addiction. To evaluate daily food intake and eating behavior, repeated 24-hour recall and liking questionnaires were employed. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. In total, 33.8%, 40.7% and 25.2% of subjects were in low, moderate and high-stress groups, respectively. Prevalence of food addiction within high, moderate and low stress groups were respectively 100%, 18.6% and 0%. Intake of energy and score preferences for sweet-fat or salty-fat foods were higher in the high-stress group. Addictive-like foods contributed 10% of total energy and 22% of simple sugars to daily dietary intake. Positive association between stress score and BMI was observed. These findings contribute to our understanding of the factors influencing caloric density food choice, weight gain and the risk of obesity among people in Algeria.

Objective

It is widely acknowledged that patients with cancer commonly experience malnutrition, and some individuals may adopt specific dietary trends. This study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and dietary trends among Algerian cancer outpatients undergoing chemotherapy.

Material and methods

This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from January to October 2023 with 71 cancer outpatients undergoing chemotherapy. Malnutrition risk was evaluated using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). The questionnaire also collected the occurrence of nutrition impact symptoms, the avoidance of specific food groups, and the use of oral nutritional supplements and dietary supplements.

Results

Malnutrition risk was identified in 57.7% (41 cases) of participants. Nutrition impact symptoms were reported by 59.2% (42 cases) of patients. A total of 36 of the patients (50.7%) altered their eating habits by avoiding at least one food group. Among malnourished cancer outpatients, only five used oral nutritional supplements. Dietary supplements were used by 23.9% (27/71) of the patients after cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the necessity for a systematic malnutrition assessment in cancer patients. Qualified clinicians should provide nutritional awareness to enhance the quality of life for these patients.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of flaxseed oil in ouabain-induced hypertensive in normal rats Wistar.

Methods

Experimental hypertension was induced by a daily subcutaneous (sc) injection of 10 μg/kg/day/rat of ouabain diluted in 9 g/L of saline solution (NaCl) for 21 days (n = 16). Animals were then divided into two groups fed an experimental diet containing 20% casein supplemented (Ouab-Oil-Lu) or not (Ouab) with 1% flaxseed oil whereas control rats (n = 8) received only a daily sc injection of NaCl.

Results

The results showed that supplementing hypertensive rats with 1% flaxseed oil decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, ameliorated plasma and liver lipid profile and reduced glucose levels in plasma. Similarly, flaxseed oil decreased TBARS levels in plasma and tissues, as well as carbonyl levels in the heart. Interestingly, this supplementation increased GSH, thiols and nitric oxide levels and improved AchE and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and GSH-Px) in the tissues.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that flaxseed oil may provide a rationale for antihypertensive use in traditional medicine.

At the Asl Napoli 3 SUD a local, regional and national level analysis of prescription and spending related to the prescription and dispensing of drugs intended to increase vitamin D levels in the human body was carried out. The Italian Pharmacy Regulatory Agency (AIFA) in late 2019 introduced a prescriptive note of appropriateness (note 96) to regulate the prescribing activity of a drug that is widely used on the Italian national population, significantly affecting spending by the National Health System (NHS). Despite this action there has been an increase in prescription and expenditure of calcifediol at all levels of analysis (national, regional and local) while regarding the remaining Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) referring to drugs used as vitamin D supplement in the Campania Region and at the Asl Napoli 3 SUD there is a slower decrease in expenditure and prescription, sometimes even increasing and in countertendency to the Italian national average. For these reasons, the Campania Region instituted two executive decrees (DD 405/2021 and 91/2022) that led to a marked reduction in spending and prescription in 2022 even higher than in other Italian regional realities. This analysis aims to show how vitamin D prescription is widespread and often inappropriate, attested by wide regional variability. In addition, the main recommendations for the use of these drugs are highlighted in order to raise awareness among all healthcare professionals of the informed use of these molecules ensuring sustainability and governance.

Heavy metals are contaminants hazardously affecting the animals’ and humans’ health since they are extensively utilized in the industry where proper physical activity and consuming antioxidant ingredients can be an appropriate solution for decreasing the resultant damages. This work deals with assessing the effects of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) petal extract (SPE) along with eight weeks of interval training on the cytotoxicity of lead (Pb) investigated in exposed adult male mice. SPE reduced the toxic effects of Pb that were indicated by the MTT assay. The morphological alterations of Pb-treated cells were found by fluorescent and normal microscopes when it was co-incubated with SPE. Accordingly, the 50% inhibitory concentration and the 50% lethal dose were calculated. The adult male mice were randomly placed into seven groups (six mice/group) of positive and negative controls, interval training group (Exr), Exr & Pb, SPE, SPE & Pb, and Exr & SPE & Pb treated groups. From the results, SPE did not affect catalase (CAT) activity, but it induced a significant increment of antioxidant enzyme SOD and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) is reduced remarkably in the brain. In the last part of the research, mice were exposed to the behavioral tasks examined by step-through ORT, MWM, and YM tests. Having interval training and SPE consumption could reverse the most defective behavioral indicators that may be protecting potential agents inspiringly to the Pb toxicity in the areas with higher heavy metals pollution.

Objective

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited metabolic disorder with an elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The effects of coffee on FH individuals remain unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the association between coffee consumption and ASCVD and mortality in adults with clinical diagnosed FH.

Material and methods

Cross-sectional and prospective (up to December 31st, 2019) analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Coffee consumption was calculated by 24-hour dietary recalls. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox analysis were performed to evaluated the relationship between coffee consumption and ASCVD and all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 1008 FH individuals with coffee information were included and were categorized into four groups: 357 (35.42%) did not consume coffee on a regular basis, 390 (38.69%) consumed 0.5–3 cups per day, 141 (13.99%) consumed 3–5 cups per day and 120 (11.90%) ≥5 cups per day. Higher coffee or caffeine consumption was associated with elevated risk of ASCVD and heart attack. Compared to non-coffee drinkers, ≥5 cups coffee drinking was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (multivariate HR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.02–2.73, P = 0.04). The risk of all-cause death increased dose-dependently along with the higher coffee or caffeine intake (P < 0.05). The results remained similar among those who excluded non-coffee drinkers.

Conclusion

Coffee consumption of up to five cups per day was associated with unfavorable ASCVD and all-cause mortality, suggesting that high coffee consumption should be avoided among patients with FH.

Non-professional caregivers provide assistance to patients losing their autonomy for some or all of the actions of daily life on a regular and frequent basis. Home artificial nutrition is a healthcare situation where the role of non-professional caregivers can be crucial. Non-professional caregiver burden, a concept initially developed for geriatrics, has been described and analyzed both among non-professional caregivers of enteral nutrition patients and, more recently, among those who support parenteral nutrition patients. In this article, we offer a literature review and an ethical perspective on this difficult social subject.

Background

Immuno-nutrition administers specific nutrients to improve host defences, in particular supporting the immune system. Given the high invasiveness of some spine operations, strengthening the immune response could effectively balance the surgical stress and boost resilience. However, it is not clear what are the early molecular signatures after the consumption of immuno-modulatory nutrients.

Materials and methods

In the context of nutritional prehabilitation, we present the case of a lady with scoliosis scheduled for surgery who was administered immuno-nutrition preoperatively and tested for acute changes in 200 biomolecules after two and four hours.

Results

After four hours, we mainly observed 30-fold increase in IL-10, 10-fold increase in IL-18 inhibitory protein, 6-fold increase in IL-1 inhibitory receptor, 12-fold decrease in IL-2 receptor, and 51-fold decrease in IL-23. Gene ontology annotations showed the involvement of genes regulating cytokine activity, response to external organisms, humoral and adaptive response, and lymphocyte immunity.

Conclusion

Overall, the trends over the first four hours showed a positive shift of the cytokine balance in favour of anti-inflammatory mediators while keeping active the cell-mediated immunity. The use of immuno-nutrition for prehabilitation patients could prove useful to patients but benefits from chronic consumption and surgical outcomes remain to be determined.