Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging最新文献

{"title":"An integrative approach to detecting potential blood-based biomarkers of cognitive frailty.","authors":"Motoki Furutani, Mutsumi Suganuma, Tohru Hosoyama, Risa Mitsumori, Marie Takemura, Yasumoto Matsui, Yukiko Nakano, Shumpei Niida, Kouichi Ozaki, Shosuke Satake, Daichi Shigemizu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive frailty, defined by the coexistence of cognitive decline and physical frailty, has been clinically defined, but its biological clues are still vague. This underscores the need for promising blood-based molecular biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Settings and participants: </strong>Frailty was diagnosed using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS), and mild cognitive impairment was assessed with the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) and Mini-Mental State Examination-Japanese (MMSE-J). Participants with MMSE-J ≥24, MoCA-J score ≤25, and J-CHS score ≥1 were classified as having cognitive frailty. This study included 87 older adults aged ≥65 years, comprising 44 robust and 43 with cognitive frailty.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Blood samples and associated clinical data were obtained from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Biobank in Japan. A multi-omics analysis integrating clinical data, RNA-seq, aging-related factors, and metabolomics were conducted to identify potential biomarkers through logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). An optimal set of biomarkers was determined by constructing prediction models using the random forest algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three candidate biomarkers were identified from aging-related factors-growth differentiation factor (GDF15), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Adiponectin-and three from metabolomics-myristic acid, nicotinamide, and γ-butyrobetaine. Using combinations of these candidates with clinical variables, we constructed risk prediction models. The best model incorporated one aging-related factors (GDF15) and two metabolites (myristic acid, and nicotinamide), achieving a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.96 in an independent validation cohort. This was significantly higher than models based solely on clinical information (age, sex, and BMI) (Welch's t-test, p <0.001). Among these biomarkers, myristic acid showed the highest influence, with a median Gini importance of 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.47).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified three promising biomarkers-GDF15, myristic acid, and nicotinamide-for cognitive frailty. Notably, low plasma myristic acid levels emerged as the most significant contributor to the prediction model. Further refinement and large-scale validation will be essential to support its future clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"30 1","pages":"100726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12681723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of appetite using health-care-professional-reported SNAQ","authors":"Jérémy Raffin ,&nbsp;Stéphane Gerard ,&nbsp;Morgane Naudy ,&nbsp;Marion Meras ,&nbsp;Yves Rolland","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Appetite loss is a major concern in various clinical contexts but the self-assessment of appetite might be compromised in some populations such as in individuals with dementia. The use of surrogate responders might be useful but no study so far has investigated whether hetero-administrated questionnaires might be valid tools to assess appetite.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty men and women aged 66–97 years, without dementia, were recruited from the Medical care and Rehabilitation Unit of the Toulouse University Hospital, France. Within the same day, patients’ appetite was assessed using the SNAQ, a 4-answers questionnaire that was administrated separately to the patients as well as to two certified nursing assistant (CNA) surrogate responders answering on behalf of the patients. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) as well as Kappa’s and Gwet’s AC1 coefficients were computed to test the agreement between the patients and each surrogate assessor and between the two surrogate assessors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When comparing patients versus surrogate responders’ SNAQ scores, ICC (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) showed weak to moderate correlations, ranging from 0.087 (−0.224, 0.384) to 0.519 (0.254, 0.713). The rate of correct categorization was 65.0–67.5 % and Kappa’s and Gwet’s coefficients ranged from 0.300 (0.006, 0.594) to 0.360 (0.082, 0.638), indicating poor agreements between patient and surrogates. When comparing the surrogate responders with each other, the percentage of similar diagnosis was 82.5% with corresponding Kappa’s and Gwet’s coefficients of 0.650 (0.417, 0.883) and 0.652 (0.406, 0.898), indicating good agreements among surrogate raters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found weak-to-moderate coefficients for the SNAQ used as a hetero-administrated questionnaire. Further investigation across diverse clinical settings and using larger samples are needed to provide further insights to our preliminary observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum leptin and accelerated biological aging in US adults: Findings from NHANES III","authors":"Kai Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100695","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of social participation with progression and reversion of intrinsic capacity in older adults: based on multistate model","authors":"Guilan Xie ,&nbsp;Chiara Natalie Focacci ,&nbsp;Jiajia Li ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Gong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the link of social participation with progression and reversion of intrinsic capacity (IC).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><div>2955 adults aged 60 years and older in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>IC was measured by locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological capacity, and sensory (vision and hearing), and was further divided into intact IC and impaired IC. Social participation was measured by the frequencies of six types of social activities and classified as low, moderate, and high levels by tertiles. Multistate Markov model was employed to investigate the associations of social participation with transitions of intact IC, impaired IC, and death.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Those with moderate or high social participation had higher likelihoods of residing in intact IC and reversion from impaired IC to intact IC, while had lower probabilities of progression from intact IC to impaired IC and from impaired IC to death than those with low social participation over three-year period. Moderate social participation (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98) and high social participation (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.96) were related to reduced probabilities for progression from impaired IC to death. High social participation was also related to a 22% reduction of probability for progression from intact IC to impaired IC (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.98). Those with moderate or high social participation had longer total life expectancy and life expectancy of intact IC than those with low social participation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Social participation could slow down the IC declines, mitigate mortality, and prolong life expectancy. The findings provide evidence to call for all sectors to embed social participation into healthcare and pension systems to promote healthy, active, and successful ageing, and ultimately support the achievement of universal health coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145477215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with incident sarcopenia in older adults: A 2-year follow-up study","authors":"Sihan Song ,&nbsp;Joong-Yeon Lim ,&nbsp;Miji Kim ,&nbsp;Chang Won Won ,&nbsp;Hyun-Young Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the association of circulating vitamin D levels with incidence of sarcopenia and its diagnostic components in older men and women.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Two-year longitudinal study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Nationwide Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 1,292 adults (53% women) aged 70–84 years without sarcopenia at baseline and who completed the 2-year follow-up sarcopenia assessment were included.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay and categorized into sex- and blood collection period-specific quartiles. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was evaluated using handgrip strength, and physical performance was assessed using the five-times-sit-to-stand test, usual gait speed, and Short Physical Performance Battery. Sarcopenia was defined in accordance with the 2019 consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to assess the association of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with sarcopenia and its components.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the 2-year follow-up, incident sarcopenia occurred in 15.7% of men and 12.1% of women. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with incident sarcopenia in men (odds ratio [OR] for the highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.94; P for trend = 0.03), whereas no significant association was observed in women. When examining the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and components of sarcopenia, the third quartile was associated with lower odds of low muscle mass in men (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20–0.77) and low physical performance in women (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15–0.68), compared to the first quartile. Additionally, higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with more favorable annual changes in usual gait speed in men but not in women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with a higher likelihood of incident sarcopenia and its components, particularly among men. Adequate 25(OH)D concentrations may help slow age-related decline in muscle mass and function, with potential sex differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor regarding “Effects of nutritional education intervention on frailty status in lung cancer patients”","authors":"Parth Aphale ,&nbsp;Shashank Dokania ,&nbsp;Himanshu Shekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lemon myrtle extract enhances muscle hypertrophy induced by low-load bodyweight resistance training in older adults: Findings from two independent randomized controlled trials","authors":"Shuji Sawada ,&nbsp;Azusa Nishino ,&nbsp;Shinichi Honda ,&nbsp;Yuji Tominaga ,&nbsp;Shiori Makio ,&nbsp;Hayao Ozaki ,&nbsp;Shuichi Machida","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Previous literature has shown that combining lemon myrtle (LM) leaf extract with low-load resistance training may promote muscle hypertrophy. The current our studies aimed to verify the effects of LM intake combined with different training volumes on anterior thigh (AT) muscle thickness in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Two independent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Community-based training intervention program.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 125 Japanese adults aged ≥65 years, with self-reported declines in muscle strength or walking ability. Study 1 (n = 47; LM group: n = 25, placebo group: n = 22) and Study 2 (n = 41; LM group: n = 22, placebo group: n = 19) were conducted independently, each with separate randomization into LM and placebo groups.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Both studies involved low-load bodyweight resistance training twice weekly for 12 weeks. Study 1 compared LM + three sets of training with placebo + three sets; whereas Study 2 compared LM + one set with placebo + one set.</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>AT muscle thickness (primary outcome) was assessed using B-mode ultrasound at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were normal walking speed (10-m walk test, m/s), maximum walking speed (10-m walk test, m/s), and 30-second chair stand (CS-30, repetitions).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In Study 1, the LM + exercise group showed a greater increase in AT muscle thickness than the placebo + exercise group (12-week difference: 1.29 mm; 95% CI: −0.17 to 2.75 mm), although the difference was not statistically significant. In Study 2, the LM + exercise group showed a significant increase in AT muscle thickness compared with the placebo + exercise group (1.59 mm; 95% CI: 0.19–2.98 mm). No significant group-by-time interaction was found for secondary outcomes in either study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LM intake may enhance muscle hypertrophy when combined with low-load resistance training in older adults with self-reported declines in muscle strength decline, particularly under low-volume training conditions. Further studies are needed to establish its clinical relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Exercise and Protein-Based Interventions on Muscle Strength, Mass, and Function in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ruixiang Yan ,&nbsp;Shiqi Jia ,&nbsp;Di Lu ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Song ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Sun ,&nbsp;Duanying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exercise, protein supplementation, and their combination are guideline-recommended strategies for managing sarcopenia. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various types of voluntary and simulated exercise on the outcomes of muscle strength, physical function, and muscle mass in individuals with sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through December 2024 and conducted a frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework, and interventions were categorized according to their relative effectiveness and certainty ratings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 96 eligible studies involving 7,596 participants were included. Resistance and balance training combined with protein-based nutritional supplementation (RBT + Nu) was the most effective intervention for improving grip strength (MD = 5.45 kg, 95% CI: 3.58–7.33), gait speed (MD = 0.20 m/s, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.29), SPPB (MD = 3.59 points, 95% CI: 1.91–5.27), and skeletal muscle index (MD = 0.95 kg/m², 95% CI: 0.16–1.74). Improvements in gait speed and SPPB exceeded the minimal clinically important difference, while gains in grip strength were potentially clinically meaningful. Resistance and balance training (RBT) achieved the most significant improvement in the timed up and go test (MD = −2.29 s, 95% CI: −3.16 to −1.41), whereas aerobic and resistance training combined with nutrition was most effective in the five-times sit-to-stand test (MD = −2.86 s, 95% CI: −4.55 to −1.17); both improvements are potentially clinically meaningful. Resistance training with nutrition showed the largest improvements in knee extension strength (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.63–1.33) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MD = 0.33 kg/m², 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.38). Aerobic, resistance, and balance training produced the greatest benefit for balance performance (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.13–1.34).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High-certainty evidence supports RBT + Nu as the most effective intervention for improving muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function in individuals with sarcopenia. We recommend combining RBT with protein and amino acid supplementation as an optimal strategy when feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145477271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet, nutrition, and healthy aging: Are miRNAs the link? A narrative review","authors":"Beatriz B. Elliott ,&nbsp;Xavier Vazquez ,&nbsp;Sharon A. Ross ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. McNeill","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs are a class of small, single-stranded, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Cellular and circulating microRNA expression alterations have been observed in non-pathological aging and age-related diseases. microRNAs have been proposed to regulate aging signaling pathways, including cell death and senescence, oxidative stress, DNA damage, nutrient-sensing, and other metabolic processes. MicroRNAs may provide a molecular mechanism whereby diet can regulate gene expression, affecting aging phenotypes and lifespan. Herein, we review the recent evidence for diet in modulating the expression of microRNAs to influence the aging process. Current challenges and approaches to studying microRNAs and their function in the context of diet and aging research are highlighted in this review. Diet-mediated regulation of microRNA in aging is an emerging area of study, and future research incorporating functional analyses of dietary-responsive microRNAs will be necessary to clarify their actions in the aging process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of standard dietary inflammatory index with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Zihan Xu ,&nbsp;Feipeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jier Ma ,&nbsp;Jianjun Ren ,&nbsp;Meixia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision impairment, and its development is linked to chronic inflammation. Investigating the role of dietary patterns, specifically the standard dietary inflammatory index (DII), may provide insights into modifiable risk factors for DR.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To quantify the impact of dietary inflammatory potential (assessed via the standard DII) on both risk of DR and structural alterations across individual retinal layers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the correlation between the standard DII and DR in three adjusted models. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the outcomes. Linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between the standard DII and retinal structural parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 16,224 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank were analyzed, including 1,257 (7.75%) who developed DR during the follow-up period. Higher standard DII scores were associated with an increased risk of DR in all adjusted models [Model 3: HR = 1.51, 95% CI: (1.15, 1.99), p = 0.003]. A J-shaped association between standard DII scores and DR was observed, and the relationship was significant only when the standard DII score was greater than −2.5 [HR = 1.59, 95% CI: (1.44, 2.04), p = 0.002]. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent results across different stratified groups, indicating increased DR risk. Image analysis revealed that standard DII scores were associated with the thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium layer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest a J-shaped association between standard DII score and DR risk in a multiracial sample from the UK Biobank. These findings indicate that an anti-inflammatory diet may be promising for mitigating the onset of DR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":"29 12","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}