Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3614554
Soumya Prakash Patra;Rohit Agrawal;Rajesh Kumar Singh;Qile He
Blockchain technology (BCT) is emerging as a disruptive innovation in increasingly globalized business ventures. It is believed to offer important benefits to international entrepreneurs, such as reducing transaction cost and risk of fraud, creating better transactional trust, and avoiding exploitation by business partners. However, BCT can bring changes to the business world only if it gets adopted by industries across all spectrums. International entrepreneurs are amongst the critical groups of adopters of BCT. Based on multiple theoretical perspectives, this article identifies and categorizes key barriers to adopting BCT by international entrepreneurs. A survey of BCT field experts was conducted to validate 15 key barriers to BCT adoption. Furthermore, based on pairwise comparison data collection with three groups of international entrepreneurs from India and U.K., a decision-making methodology was adopted to identify the relative importance and the causal relationships among the key barriers. This study develops a framework of strategic solutions to address barriers of BCT adoption by international entrepreneurs. This study offers stakeholders of BCT to better understand the patterns of BCT adoption by international entrepreneurs and will support the development of more targeted and multifaceted BCT adoption strategies.
{"title":"Adoption of Blockchain Technology in International Entrepreneurship: Strategic Framework for Managing Roadblocks","authors":"Soumya Prakash Patra;Rohit Agrawal;Rajesh Kumar Singh;Qile He","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3614554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3614554","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology (BCT) is emerging as a disruptive innovation in increasingly globalized business ventures. It is believed to offer important benefits to international entrepreneurs, such as reducing transaction cost and risk of fraud, creating better transactional trust, and avoiding exploitation by business partners. However, BCT can bring changes to the business world only if it gets adopted by industries across all spectrums. International entrepreneurs are amongst the critical groups of adopters of BCT. Based on multiple theoretical perspectives, this article identifies and categorizes key barriers to adopting BCT by international entrepreneurs. A survey of BCT field experts was conducted to validate 15 key barriers to BCT adoption. Furthermore, based on pairwise comparison data collection with three groups of international entrepreneurs from India and U.K., a decision-making methodology was adopted to identify the relative importance and the causal relationships among the key barriers. This study develops a framework of strategic solutions to address barriers of BCT adoption by international entrepreneurs. This study offers stakeholders of BCT to better understand the patterns of BCT adoption by international entrepreneurs and will support the development of more targeted and multifaceted BCT adoption strategies.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"4127-4140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3609983
Qingguo Bai;Lei Xu
With the introduction of buy-online-and-pickup-in-store (BOPS) services, it has been unclear whether physical stores should have their own online channels when overconfident behavior, carbon abatement, and incomplete demand information are considered in the manufacturer’s operations. This practical issue motivates us to investigate an overconfident manufacturer under a cap-and-offset policy who sells products through the omnichannel retail model. Three types of customers in this model are classified, and only the expectation and variance of stochastic demand are captured. The operational stages related to production, inventory, and transportation contribute to carbon emissions. We first consider the self-operated online channel and the independent channel and develop two corresponding distributionally robust newsvendor models. The analytic expression of the optimal robust manufacturing quantity for each model is solved. We compare the operational efficacy of an overconfident manufacturer in the self-operated online system with that in the independent system. The results show that the net profit from selling each unit item to online customers is a significant factor in comparing the profit and carbon emissions of overconfident manufacturers in the two omnichannel retail systems. Numerical experiments are conducted to complement the theoretical models and examine the effects of several major parameters on the two systems in the omnichannel retail model. This article provides the manufacturer with valuable knowledge of the robust manufacturing strategy and integration between the online and offline channels under the omnichannel retail model.
{"title":"Robust Decisions of Omnichannel Retail Operations for an Overconfident Manufacturer Considering Short Life-Cycle Products and Cap-and-Offset Policy","authors":"Qingguo Bai;Lei Xu","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3609983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3609983","url":null,"abstract":"With the introduction of buy-online-and-pickup-in-store (BOPS) services, it has been unclear whether physical stores should have their own online channels when overconfident behavior, carbon abatement, and incomplete demand information are considered in the manufacturer’s operations. This practical issue motivates us to investigate an overconfident manufacturer under a cap-and-offset policy who sells products through the omnichannel retail model. Three types of customers in this model are classified, and only the expectation and variance of stochastic demand are captured. The operational stages related to production, inventory, and transportation contribute to carbon emissions. We first consider the self-operated online channel and the independent channel and develop two corresponding distributionally robust newsvendor models. The analytic expression of the optimal robust manufacturing quantity for each model is solved. We compare the operational efficacy of an overconfident manufacturer in the self-operated online system with that in the independent system. The results show that the net profit from selling each unit item to online customers is a significant factor in comparing the profit and carbon emissions of overconfident manufacturers in the two omnichannel retail systems. Numerical experiments are conducted to complement the theoretical models and examine the effects of several major parameters on the two systems in the omnichannel retail model. This article provides the manufacturer with valuable knowledge of the robust manufacturing strategy and integration between the online and offline channels under the omnichannel retail model.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"4020-4035"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3610266
Xiutian Shi;Qiaoli Lai;Ciwei Dong;Siru Chen
Supplier greenwashing behaviors in corporate social responsibility (CSR) have become increasingly notable, often involving exaggerated claims about CSR initiatives or diverting resources to conceal violations. In this article, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the motivation of greenwashing and its intricate economic and social consequences, and explore whether blockchain technology can effectively enhance CSR efforts. We find that the tradeoff between exaggeration and concealment inherent in greenwashing plays a significant role in CSR strategy selection and corresponding performances. Specifically, if the exaggerating effect dominates greenwashing, the supplier has an incentive to adopt blockchain for self-certification in CSR activities. Conversely, when the concealment effect prevails, opportunistic behavior is more likely to occur. However, the integrative greenwashing coefficient has polarized impacts on the optimal CSR effort level, retailer’s profit, and consumer surplus. We unveil that blockchain implementation achieves the highest social welfare when the exaggeration of greenwashing plays a more prominent role, particularly when the CSR violation penalty is relatively subtle for both firms. Interestingly, we observe that greenwashing, despite its negative connotations, can eventually stimulate CSR efforts due to the incremental demand induced by exaggerated disclosures, ultimately leading to the highest social welfare.
{"title":"Exaggeration or Concealment: Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy in the Blockchain Era","authors":"Xiutian Shi;Qiaoli Lai;Ciwei Dong;Siru Chen","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3610266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3610266","url":null,"abstract":"Supplier greenwashing behaviors in corporate social responsibility (CSR) have become increasingly notable, often involving exaggerated claims about CSR initiatives or diverting resources to conceal violations. In this article, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the motivation of greenwashing and its intricate economic and social consequences, and explore whether blockchain technology can effectively enhance CSR efforts. We find that the tradeoff between exaggeration and concealment inherent in greenwashing plays a significant role in CSR strategy selection and corresponding performances. Specifically, if the exaggerating effect dominates greenwashing, the supplier has an incentive to adopt blockchain for self-certification in CSR activities. Conversely, when the concealment effect prevails, opportunistic behavior is more likely to occur. However, the integrative greenwashing coefficient has polarized impacts on the optimal CSR effort level, retailer’s profit, and consumer surplus. We unveil that blockchain implementation achieves the highest social welfare when the exaggeration of greenwashing plays a more prominent role, particularly when the CSR violation penalty is relatively subtle for both firms. Interestingly, we observe that greenwashing, despite its negative connotations, can eventually stimulate CSR efforts due to the incremental demand induced by exaggerated disclosures, ultimately leading to the highest social welfare.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"4264-4280"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3609246
Usama Awan;Ismail Golgeci;Anne-Laure Mention
Manufacturing firms are facing the complex challenge of deploying information technology (IT) alignment and establishing market agility to drive business model innovation (BMI). While existing literature has established a link between organizational sensemaking and BMI, the interaction between market agility and organizational sensemaking for BMI remains unexamined. Drawing from a knowledge base view, this study addresses this research gap by examining the moderating effect of IT alignment on the mediating role of market agility in the relationship between sensemaking capability and BMI. Our data, collected from 232 engineering manufacturers, along with the application of PLS-SEM to test the conceptual model, reveal that the effect of organizational sensemaking capability on BMI through market agility depends on IT alignment. These findings enhance our understanding of IT alignment’s role in a firm’s development of BMI via market agility, providing valuable implications for managerial practices by underscoring the importance of IT alignment for BMI. By grasping this interaction, managers can unlock the potential for more effective and innovative business models, fostering enhanced competitiveness and sustained growth.
{"title":"Exploring the Interplay of Sensemaking, Market Agility, and Information Technology Alignment in Business Model Innovation","authors":"Usama Awan;Ismail Golgeci;Anne-Laure Mention","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3609246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3609246","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing firms are facing the complex challenge of deploying information technology (IT) alignment and establishing market agility to drive business model innovation (BMI). While existing literature has established a link between organizational sensemaking and BMI, the interaction between market agility and organizational sensemaking for BMI remains unexamined. Drawing from a knowledge base view, this study addresses this research gap by examining the moderating effect of IT alignment on the mediating role of market agility in the relationship between sensemaking capability and BMI. Our data, collected from 232 engineering manufacturers, along with the application of PLS-SEM to test the conceptual model, reveal that the effect of organizational sensemaking capability on BMI through market agility depends on IT alignment. These findings enhance our understanding of IT alignment’s role in a firm’s development of BMI via market agility, providing valuable implications for managerial practices by underscoring the importance of IT alignment for BMI. By grasping this interaction, managers can unlock the potential for more effective and innovative business models, fostering enhanced competitiveness and sustained growth.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"3937-3951"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3609335
Wenjing Li;Shuibo Zhang;Ying Gao;Qiuhao Xie
Despite a substantial body of literature addressing the environmental and social sustainability (ESS) of infrastructure projects, empirical findings regarding the effect sizes of ESS antecedents remain dispersed and ambiguous. This study develops a theoretical framework and conducts a meta-analysis of 78 empirical studies to investigate the relationships between ESS and its 11 antecedents. We propose a structured framework for understanding the complex drivers of ESS. The antecedents are categorized into three domains: project governance (encompassing both interorganizational governance and intraorganizational governance); internal resources and capabilities (including internal resources, organizational capabilities, employee-level cognition and organizational opportunity recognition); and institutional environment (characterized by coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures). Our findings reveal a significant positive association between all three antecedent categories and ESS outcomes. Moreover, national cultures and measurement of ESS demonstrate significant moderating effects on the relationships between ESS and its antecedents, underscoring the role of contextual contingencies. Notably, the results demonstrate that the antecedents are complementary in enhancing ESS, rather than acting in isolation. By aggregating and synthesizing existing research, this study contributes to the ESS and engineering management literature by quantifying the relationship between ESS and its antecedents, emphasizing the fundamental role of contingent factors, and establishing a cohesive conceptual framework that elucidates the mechanisms linking ESS and its antecedents.
{"title":"Toward a Mature Body of Knowledge: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents to Infrastructure Project Environmental and Social Sustainability","authors":"Wenjing Li;Shuibo Zhang;Ying Gao;Qiuhao Xie","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3609335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3609335","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a substantial body of literature addressing the environmental and social sustainability (ESS) of infrastructure projects, empirical findings regarding the effect sizes of ESS antecedents remain dispersed and ambiguous. This study develops a theoretical framework and conducts a meta-analysis of 78 empirical studies to investigate the relationships between ESS and its 11 antecedents. We propose a structured framework for understanding the complex drivers of ESS. The antecedents are categorized into three domains: project governance (encompassing both interorganizational governance and intraorganizational governance); internal resources and capabilities (including internal resources, organizational capabilities, employee-level cognition and organizational opportunity recognition); and institutional environment (characterized by coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures). Our findings reveal a significant positive association between all three antecedent categories and ESS outcomes. Moreover, national cultures and measurement of ESS demonstrate significant moderating effects on the relationships between ESS and its antecedents, underscoring the role of contextual contingencies. Notably, the results demonstrate that the antecedents are complementary in enhancing ESS, rather than acting in isolation. By aggregating and synthesizing existing research, this study contributes to the ESS and engineering management literature by quantifying the relationship between ESS and its antecedents, emphasizing the fundamental role of contingent factors, and establishing a cohesive conceptual framework that elucidates the mechanisms linking ESS and its antecedents.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"3967-3984"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3608256
Himanshu Joshi;Govind Lal Kumawat;Suyog Nigudkar
In recent years, the widespread adoption of adblockers has created significant challenges for digital platforms (e.g., websites) by limiting their ability to monetize content through advertising. In response, platforms have adopted divergent ad-recovery strategies: some deploy gates (antiadblock walls) that block access to users with adblockers, while others allow unrestricted access. Motivated by these contrasting industry practices, this article investigates whether and under what conditions platforms adopt the gating strategy. We develop a game-theoretic model in a duopoly setting, incorporating user heterogeneity and same-side network effects, to analyze the strategic decisions of competing platforms. Our analysis yields several important insights. First, in equilibrium, platforms adopt symmetric ad-recovery strategies: either both use gating, or both use no-gating, driven by the interplay between gating costs and ad revenue. Second, regardless of the competitor’s strategy, a platform adopting gating sets a lower ad intensity than one that does not. Third, contrary to general intuition, we find that blocking adblockers does not always improve a platform’s profit. When the cost of deploying and maintaining gating technologies is sufficiently high, the net profitability of gating may fall below that of the no-gating alternative. Finally, although consumer surplus declines under gating, social welfare may increase when gating costs are low, as the gain in platform revenue offsets the consumer utility loss.
{"title":"Block the Adblockers? Strategic Choices of Competing Platforms and Their Impacts","authors":"Himanshu Joshi;Govind Lal Kumawat;Suyog Nigudkar","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3608256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3608256","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the widespread adoption of adblockers has created significant challenges for digital platforms (e.g., websites) by limiting their ability to monetize content through advertising. In response, platforms have adopted divergent ad-recovery strategies: some deploy gates (antiadblock walls) that block access to users with adblockers, while others allow unrestricted access. Motivated by these contrasting industry practices, this article investigates whether and under what conditions platforms adopt the gating strategy. We develop a game-theoretic model in a duopoly setting, incorporating user heterogeneity and same-side network effects, to analyze the strategic decisions of competing platforms. Our analysis yields several important insights. First, in equilibrium, platforms adopt symmetric ad-recovery strategies: either both use gating, or both use no-gating, driven by the interplay between gating costs and ad revenue. Second, regardless of the competitor’s strategy, a platform adopting gating sets a lower ad intensity than one that does not. Third, contrary to general intuition, we find that blocking adblockers does not always improve a platform’s profit. When the cost of deploying and maintaining gating technologies is sufficiently high, the net profitability of gating may fall below that of the no-gating alternative. Finally, although consumer surplus declines under gating, social welfare may increase when gating costs are low, as the gain in platform revenue offsets the consumer utility loss.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"4036-4050"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3608461
Shizhen Bai;Hao He;Chunjia Han;Mu Yang;Zhifang Li;Weijia Fan
This study investigates how language arousal in generative AI systems influences users’ interaction willingness, examining the roles of social identity and visual atmosphere. Drawing on the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP) and social identity theory, we constructed a theoretical model integrating language arousal, social identity, visual atmosphere, and interaction willingness, and analyzed 8809 interactions from Character. AI using multimodal methods combining linguistic analysis and visual processing. Our findings reveal that high-arousal language significantly increases interaction willingness, with social identity mediating this relationship. Most notably, we discovered a “psychological defense-curiosity paradox”: shadow visual atmospheres, despite triggering initial defensive reactions, enhance engagement more effectively than light atmospheres, challenging conventional “brighter is better” design assumptions. This research advances theory by repositioning language arousal as a direct causal variable in AI interaction, extending cognitive processing models to human–AI contexts, and demonstrating how visual elements strategically modulate psychological responses. These insights provide valuable direction for developing emotionally intelligent AI systems that effectively balance linguistic stimulation and visual atmosphere to create more engaging human–AI experiences.
{"title":"Light Trumps Shadow? How Generative AI Agent’s Language Arousal Influences Users’ Interactive Willingness: Evidence From Multimodal Analysis","authors":"Shizhen Bai;Hao He;Chunjia Han;Mu Yang;Zhifang Li;Weijia Fan","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3608461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3608461","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how language arousal in generative AI systems influences users’ interaction willingness, examining the roles of social identity and visual atmosphere. Drawing on the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP) and social identity theory, we constructed a theoretical model integrating language arousal, social identity, visual atmosphere, and interaction willingness, and analyzed 8809 interactions from Character. AI using multimodal methods combining linguistic analysis and visual processing. Our findings reveal that high-arousal language significantly increases interaction willingness, with social identity mediating this relationship. Most notably, we discovered a “psychological defense-curiosity paradox”: shadow visual atmospheres, despite triggering initial defensive reactions, enhance engagement more effectively than light atmospheres, challenging conventional “brighter is better” design assumptions. This research advances theory by repositioning language arousal as a direct causal variable in AI interaction, extending cognitive processing models to human–AI contexts, and demonstrating how visual elements strategically modulate psychological responses. These insights provide valuable direction for developing emotionally intelligent AI systems that effectively balance linguistic stimulation and visual atmosphere to create more engaging human–AI experiences.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"3921-3936"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3608252
Avinash Chauhan;M. Vimala Rani
Blockchain technology, renowned for its transformative potential in ensuring secure and transparent transactions, plays a crucial role in enhancing efficiency and transparency within the automotive supply chain. This research delves into essential success factors for blockchain integration, employing methodologies like the PESTLE framework, analytic hierarchy process, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. A comprehensive total interpretive structural modeling framework uncovers intricate relationships among factors, while Matriced’Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquéa un Classement analysis reveals driving and dependence powers. The industry’s movement toward ethical and environmentally conscious practices is evident, though legal, environmental, and technological barriers persist. “Availability of Blockchain Skill Set” and “Education and Awareness” emerge as central factors, emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between a skilled workforce and industry-wide awareness. These factors form the foundation for overcoming barriers, paving the way for seamless blockchain integration in the automotive supply chain. In addition, a comparative analysis between electric vehicle (EV) and traditional automobile manufacturers highlights distinctive priorities, with EV manufacturers focusing on long-term sustainability and transparent supply chains, while traditional automakers strategically approach blockchain adoption, emphasizing education, secure smart contracts, and overcoming adoption challenges.
{"title":"Uncovering Blockchain Adoption Barriers in the Automotive Industry: A Comparative Study of Electric and Traditional Vehicle Manufacturers","authors":"Avinash Chauhan;M. Vimala Rani","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3608252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3608252","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology, renowned for its transformative potential in ensuring secure and transparent transactions, plays a crucial role in enhancing efficiency and transparency within the automotive supply chain. This research delves into essential success factors for blockchain integration, employing methodologies like the PESTLE framework, analytic hierarchy process, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. A comprehensive total interpretive structural modeling framework uncovers intricate relationships among factors, while Matriced’Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliquéa un Classement analysis reveals driving and dependence powers. The industry’s movement toward ethical and environmentally conscious practices is evident, though legal, environmental, and technological barriers persist. “Availability of Blockchain Skill Set” and “Education and Awareness” emerge as central factors, emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between a skilled workforce and industry-wide awareness. These factors form the foundation for overcoming barriers, paving the way for seamless blockchain integration in the automotive supply chain. In addition, a comparative analysis between electric vehicle (EV) and traditional automobile manufacturers highlights distinctive priorities, with EV manufacturers focusing on long-term sustainability and transparent supply chains, while traditional automakers strategically approach blockchain adoption, emphasizing education, secure smart contracts, and overcoming adoption challenges.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"3877-3891"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11157766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3608116
Krithika Randhawa;Virginia Springer
Business-to-business (B2B) platform ecosystems—connecting orchestrators, complementors, and end users—are central to digital transformation in industrial sectors. However, many B2B platforms fail to scale or sustain adoption due to challenges integrating legacy systems with digital technologies, navigating fragmented markets, and aligning diverse stakeholder expectations. While prior research emphasizes material dimensions like technical architecture and network effects, primarily in B2C contexts, the role of sociocognitive dimensions remains underexplored. We address this gap by examining platform identity and ecosystem identity as key sociocognitive dimensions that shape how platforms are perceived, trusted, and adopted. Using a multiple-case study of three failed B2B platforms (General Electric’s Predix, Vestas’ Covento, and ADAMOS), we trace how misalignments across identity, architecture, and network effects disrupt coherence, stall adoption, and erode stakeholder commitment. We develop a framework capturing the dynamic interdependencies among sociocognitive (identity), technical (architecture), and market (network effects) dimensions. We demonstrate that platform and ecosystem identities are distinct yet interdependent constructs that mediate alignment between technical and market dimensions. Misalignment in any one dimension can cascade into others, creating negative feedback loops that compromise ecosystem scalability and resilience. These insights challenge dominant assumptions in engineering management that prioritize technical system optimization in isolation. By foregrounding identity as a strategic lever, we contribute a more holistic understanding of B2B platform performance and offer actionable guidance for platform orchestrators and engineering managers. To build scalable and coherent platform ecosystems, firms must align material and sociocognitive elements to foster trust, commitment, and sustained adoption in complex B2B environments.
{"title":"Why Do B2B Platforms Fail? The Missing Links in Identity, Architecture, and Network Effects in Industrial Ecosystems","authors":"Krithika Randhawa;Virginia Springer","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3608116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3608116","url":null,"abstract":"Business-to-business (B2B) platform ecosystems—connecting orchestrators, complementors, and end users—are central to digital transformation in industrial sectors. However, many B2B platforms fail to scale or sustain adoption due to challenges integrating legacy systems with digital technologies, navigating fragmented markets, and aligning diverse stakeholder expectations. While prior research emphasizes material dimensions like technical architecture and network effects, primarily in B2C contexts, the role of sociocognitive dimensions remains underexplored. We address this gap by examining <italic>platform identity</i> and <italic>ecosystem identity</i> as key sociocognitive dimensions that shape how platforms are perceived, trusted, and adopted. Using a multiple-case study of three failed B2B platforms (General Electric’s Predix, Vestas’ Covento, and ADAMOS), we trace how misalignments across identity, architecture, and network effects disrupt coherence, stall adoption, and erode stakeholder commitment. We develop a framework capturing the dynamic interdependencies among sociocognitive (identity), technical (architecture), and market (network effects) dimensions. We demonstrate that platform and ecosystem identities are distinct yet interdependent constructs that mediate alignment between technical and market dimensions. Misalignment in any one dimension can cascade into others, creating negative feedback loops that compromise ecosystem scalability and resilience. These insights challenge dominant assumptions in engineering management that prioritize technical system optimization in isolation. By foregrounding identity as a strategic lever, we contribute a more holistic understanding of B2B platform performance and offer actionable guidance for platform orchestrators and engineering managers. To build scalable and coherent platform ecosystems, firms must align material and sociocognitive elements to foster trust, commitment, and sustained adoption in complex B2B environments.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"72 ","pages":"4079-4093"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3608511
Chao Fang;Si Li;Yue Shi
Selecting appropriate research and development (R&D) projects under budget constraints is a critical yet challenging task for enterprises. During development, these projects are inevitably exposed to risky events, which may lead to performance loss, turning the optimal “here-and-now” selection decisions into suboptimal operational outcomes. We propose a joint optimization framework for project portfolio selection and risk response in uncertain environments, explicitly accounting for their interdependencies and budget tradeoffs. A two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) model is developed to protect against worst-case scenarios. A key feature is a decision-dependent budgeted uncertainty set capturing the endogenous dependence of performance loss on portfolio selection decisions, together with a nonlinear function characterizing the effects of risk response. We devise a tailored solution method to transform the original complex model into a single-level mixed-integer linear program solvable with off-the-shelf solvers. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted based on a 50-project R&D case. The proposed TSRO model consistently outperforms benchmark methods, particularly under worst-case scenarios. Sensitivity analyses further reveal that optimal solutions are highly responsive to the decay rate (representing the risk response effectiveness) while remaining relatively robust to the residual rate of failed projects’ values. Moreover, the results suggest that under tight budgets, managers should prioritize a smaller set of projects with intensive risk response, whereas with generous budgets, a broader portfolio becomes optimal. Overall, this study offers an integrated framework that not only enhances decision quality in project portfolio management but also provides actionable insights for balancing selection and risk response.
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