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The Opportunism-Inhibiting Effects of the Alignment Between Engineering Project Characteristics and Contractual Governance: Paired Data From Contract Text Mining and Survey 工程项目特征与合同管理之间的一致性对机会主义的抑制作用:来自合同文本挖掘和调查的配对数据
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3480254
Chenglong Xu;Yongqiang Chen;Hongjiang Yao;Lihan Zhang
Engineering projects are vulnerable to opportunistic behavior due to their one-off and uncertain nature. Contractual governance is the crucial mechanism for matching the two key project characteristics, i.e., asset specificity and uncertainty, to curtail opportunism. However, the existing studies failed to agree on the above matching principle. In this article, we divide contractual governance into control, coordination, and adaptation from the functional perspective and employ machine learning to code actual contract texts. Based on the paired data from the text-mining results and survey, this study uses qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the aligning (or misaligning) combinations that lead to low (or high) opportunism. The results show that, for projects with low uncertainty, detailed contractual coordination is essential and it should be complemented by less detailed adaptation or detailed control. In such projects, low asset specificity reinforces the significance of contractual coordination alone. This study also finds the limitations of contractual governance in projects with high uncertainty, especially combined with low asset specificity, which necessitates other governance mechanisms. This study helps to resolve previous contradictory matching principles from the view of contract dimensions, contract measurement, and data analysis methods. Project managers can benefit from this study to effectively reduce opportunism and avoid disputes.
工程项目由于其一次性和不确定性,很容易出现机会主义行为。合同治理是匹配资产特殊性和不确定性这两个关键项目特征以抑制机会主义的重要机制。然而,现有研究未能就上述匹配原则达成一致。在本文中,我们从功能角度将合同治理分为控制、协调和适应,并运用机器学习对实际合同文本进行编码。基于文本挖掘结果与调查的配对数据,本研究采用定性比较分析的方法,探究导致低(或高)机会主义的对齐(或错位)组合。结果表明,对于不确定性较低的项目,详细的合同协调是必不可少的,同时还应辅以不太详细的调整或详细控制。在这类项目中,低资产专用性加强了合同协调的重要性。本研究还发现,在不确定性较高的项目中,尤其是在资产专用性较低的情况下,合同治理具有局限性,因此有必要采用其他治理机制。本研究有助于从合同维度、合同衡量和数据分析方法的角度解决以往相互矛盾的匹配原则。项目经理可以从本研究中获益,有效减少机会主义,避免纠纷。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Impact of AI on Human Resource Management: A Case Study of Organizational Adaptation and Employee Dynamics 探索人工智能对人力资源管理的影响:组织适应性和员工动态案例研究
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3457520
Hong Zhang
This study investigates the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human resource management (HRM) practices through a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected from 285 employees and 144 HR professionals across seven organizations using purposive sampling to explore AI's influence on recruitment, performance assessment, job satisfaction, and workforce planning. A key novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of AI's holistic influence on HRM dynamics, going beyond isolated aspects of AI implementation. Findings reveal that organizations leveraging AI in HR processes experience significantly higher recruitment efficiency and employee productivity compared to those without AI integration. Moreover, successful adaptation to AI in HR correlates with increased levels of employee job satisfaction and reduced turnover rates, highlighting AI's potential to enhance organizational performance and employee well-being. Additionally, positive perceptions of AI in HR positively correlate with elevated levels of organizational trust and employee engagement. These insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of AI's role in reshaping HRM strategies and fostering a supportive workplace environment conducive to sustainable organizational success. Practical implications are discussed to assist HR professionals and organizational leaders in effectively harnessing AI to optimize HR practices and adapt to evolving workforce dynamics.
本研究通过定量描述的方法,探讨了人工智能(AI)对人力资源管理(HRM)实践的变革性影响。通过有目的的抽样,从七家企业的 285 名员工和 144 名人力资源专业人员那里收集了数据,以探讨人工智能对招聘、绩效评估、工作满意度和劳动力规划的影响。这项研究的主要创新之处在于,它超越了人工智能实施的孤立层面,全面分析了人工智能对人力资源管理动态的整体影响。研究结果表明,与未整合人工智能的组织相比,在人力资源流程中利用人工智能的组织在招聘效率和员工生产力方面都有显著提高。此外,在人力资源中成功适应人工智能与员工工作满意度的提高和离职率的降低相关联,凸显了人工智能在提高组织绩效和员工福利方面的潜力。此外,对人力资源中人工智能的积极看法与组织信任度和员工参与度的提高呈正相关。这些见解有助于深入理解人工智能在重塑人力资源管理战略和营造有利于组织持续成功的支持性工作环境中的作用。本文还讨论了实际意义,以帮助人力资源专业人士和组织领导者有效利用人工智能优化人力资源实践,适应不断变化的劳动力动态。
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引用次数: 0
A New Research Agenda for Human-Centric Manufacturing: A Systematic Literature Review 以人为本的制造业新研究议程:系统性文献综述
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3479775
R. Castagnoli;M. Cugno;S. Maroncelli;A. Cugno
The European Union recognizes Industry 5.0 as a cultural revolution that complements the fourth industrial revolution by requiring companies to implement a sustainable, resilient, and human-centric organization. This article critically analyzes the role of the human-centric approach in Industry 4.0 and 5.0 through a systematic literature review of 69 studies published between 2011 and December 2023. The results show that the human-centric approach 1) is underinvestigated in management and mainly ergonomically approached in engineering. Furthermore, it 2) enables response to the challenges of an aging population and increasing working age and improves response to acute events exogenous and endogenous to the firm. The human-centric approach also 3) positively impacts economic and social sustainability and 4) should be investigated through a transdisciplinary approach.
欧盟认为工业 5.0 是一场文化革命,它要求企业实施可持续、有弹性和以人为本的组织,从而对第四次工业革命起到补充作用。本文通过对 2011 年至 2023 年 12 月间发表的 69 篇研究进行系统的文献综述,批判性地分析了以人为本的方法在工业 4.0 和 5.0 中的作用。研究结果表明:1)以人为本的方法在管理学中研究不足,而在工程学中主要从人机工程学的角度进行研究。此外,这种方法 2) 能够应对人口老龄化和工作年龄增加带来的挑战,并能改善对企业外生和内生突发事件的反应。以人为本的方法还 3) 对经济和社会可持续性产生积极影响,4) 应通过跨学科方法进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
Improving Large-Scale Classification in Technology Management: Making Full Use of Label Information for Professional Technical Documents 改进技术管理中的大规模分类:充分利用专业技术文件的标签信息
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3481439
Jiaming Ding;Anning Wang;Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang;Qiang Zhang;Shanlin Yang
Professional technical documents (PTDs) offer a wealth of information for R&D personnel and innovation management scholars. Recently, the increase in the categories and volume of PTDs has introduced new challenges for their automatic and accurate classification. Existing studies have focused on leveraging the semantic information of documents (i.e., titles and abstracts) for classification tasks. However, the standard label hierarchy of classification systems and the rich label semantic information have been generally ignored. In this paper, we propose a supervised learning-based classification model, designed to Make Full Use of Label Information (MFULI) for hierarchical multi-label PTD classification. Firstly, we deploy a Label-aware Supervised Contrastive Learning Module (LSCLM), which introduces the definition of label set similarity with the aim of improving document representation. Then, we propose a Hierarchy-aware Label Embedding Attentive Module (HLEAM) that dynamically incorporates label hierarchy information into the classification model. We evaluate our proposed model on two public patent datasets, namely USPTO-1 and WIPO-alpha. Experimental results show that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art classification models. Furthermore, we perform a series of ablation studies and analyses to demonstrate the necessity of each component of our model. This paper provides important theoretical contributions and practical implications for innovation and technology management. <p><i>Managerial Relevance Statement</i>—This study helps advance the field of R&D, innovation and technology management by introducing a novel supervised learning-based classification model for professional technical documents (PTDs). Our proposed approach, termed Making Full Use of Label Information (MFULI), is specifically designed for hierarchical multi-label PTD classification, addressing the challenges posed by the growing diversity and volume of PTDs. By integrating innovative components such as the Label-aware Supervised Contrastive Learning Module (LSCLM) and the Hierarchy-aware Label Embedding Attentive Module (HLEAM), MFULI significantly enhances document representation and classification accuracy. The experimental validation of the model on public patent datasets underscores its practical utility and superiority over other existing state-of-the-art models. For managers and practitioners in R&D, innovation and technology management, the implications of this research are profound. Our study provides significant contributions to the fields of technology and innovation management, engineering management, and automated document classification, yielding both theoretical insights and practical implications. The model's ability to effectively categorize large-scale PTDs aids in streamlining knowledge management processes, enhancing decision-making, and fostering more efficient innovation strategies. In summary, this research offers a robust and innovati
专业技术文献(PTD)为研发人员和创新管理学者提供了丰富的信息。近年来,专业技术文献的类别和数量不断增加,为其自动准确分类带来了新的挑战。现有研究侧重于利用文档的语义信息(即标题和摘要)来完成分类任务。然而,分类系统的标准标签层次结构和丰富的标签语义信息却普遍被忽视。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于监督学习的分类模型,旨在充分利用标签信息(MFULI)进行分层多标签 PTD 分类。首先,我们部署了一个标签感知监督对比学习模块(LSCLM),该模块引入了标签集相似性的定义,旨在改进文档表示。然后,我们提出了层次结构感知标签嵌入注意模块(HLEAM),该模块可动态地将标签层次结构信息纳入分类模型。我们在两个公共专利数据集(即 USPTO-1 和 WIPO-alpha)上评估了我们提出的模型。实验结果表明,我们的模型优于其他最先进的分类模型。此外,我们还进行了一系列消融研究和分析,以证明我们模型中每个组成部分的必要性。本文为创新和技术管理提供了重要的理论贡献和实践意义。管理相关性声明--本研究为专业技术文档(PTD)引入了一种基于监督学习的新型分类模型,有助于推动研发、创新和技术管理领域的发展。我们提出的方法被称为 "充分利用标签信息"(MFULI),是专为分层多标签 PTD 分类而设计的,以应对 PTD 日益增长的多样性和数量所带来的挑战。通过集成标签感知监督对比学习模块(LSCLM)和层次感知标签嵌入注意模块(HLEAM)等创新组件,MFULI 显著提高了文档表示和分类的准确性。该模型在公共专利数据集上的实验验证证明了它的实用性和优于其他现有先进模型的性能。对于研发、创新和技术管理领域的管理人员和从业人员来说,这项研究具有深远的意义。我们的研究为技术与创新管理、工程管理和自动文档分类领域做出了重要贡献,既有理论见解,又有实践意义。该模型能够有效地对大规模 PTD 进行分类,有助于简化知识管理流程、加强决策制定和促进更有效的创新战略。总之,这项研究为 PTD 的管理提供了一个强大而创新的工具,有助于更有效地处理创新和技术管理的关键信息。
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引用次数: 0
Designing a Process-Oriented Digital Twin for Industrial Testing Laboratories 为工业测试实验室设计面向过程的数字孪生系统
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3481670
Robin Weidlich;Tobias Albrecht;Patrick Derr;Maximilian Röglinger
Digital twins have gained significant attention in recent years as a means to represent physical objects digitally. It is now applied for planning, monitoring, and decision-making across various domains. While extensively leveraged in manufacturing, digital twins also present promising opportunities in other process-intensive sectors, such as the testing, inspection, and calibration industries. Industrial testing laboratories face challenges such as cost pressures and efficiency demands, operating within a complex socio-technical and highly regulated environment. Current digital solutions, such as laboratory information management systems, fall short of providing a comprehensive data and process management perspective and do not fully comply with the ISO/IEC 17025 standard, which ensures trust in laboratory operations and results. This article aims to address these gaps by proposing a set of design principles and a software architecture for a process-oriented digital lab twin developed through a design science research approach. The artifact is evaluated through expert interviews, a prototypical implementation, and a field study in an industrial laboratory setting. The findings offer valuable insights for designing digital twins in laboratory process management, guiding future research and practical applications.
近年来,数字孪生作为一种以数字方式表示物理对象的手段,受到了广泛关注。目前,它已被应用于各个领域的规划、监控和决策。数字孪生在制造业得到广泛应用的同时,也为其他流程密集型行业(如测试、检验和校准行业)带来了大有可为的机遇。工业测试实验室面临着成本压力和效率要求等挑战,在一个复杂的社会技术和高度监管的环境中运行。当前的数字化解决方案,如实验室信息管理系统,无法提供全面的数据和流程管理视角,也不完全符合 ISO/IEC 17025 标准,而该标准可确保实验室运营和结果的可信度。本文旨在通过设计科学研究方法,为面向流程的数字实验室孪生系统提出一套设计原则和软件架构,以弥补这些不足。通过专家访谈、原型实施以及在工业实验室环境中的实地研究,对该工具进行了评估。研究结果为在实验室流程管理中设计数字孪生提供了宝贵的见解,为未来的研究和实际应用提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Managing Risk and Complexity in Construction Projects With Digital Technologies 社论 利用数字技术管理建筑项目的风险和复杂性
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3468928
Irem Dikmen;Joseph H. M. Tah;Guzide Atasoy
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引用次数: 0
Supporting Decision Making in Value-Oriented Design: A Multidomain System Value Model 支持价值导向设计中的决策:多域系统价值模型
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3478355
Emilia Lavi;Yoram Reich
The main goal of design is to create value. Recently, there has been a growing understanding that value extends beyond purely economic and technical factors and should embrace the multifaceted sociotechnical ecosystem. Studies discussing system value acknowledge its imperative role in design while observing the lack of a comprehensive value notion complying with the need. In this article, the primary objective is to propose a holistic multidomain system value model (SVM), targeted to be general and field agnostic, to be utilized as a decision-support tool. The generation of the model includes the synthesis of multiple, transcending engineering, data sources, system value ontology formulation, and design of a concise SVM. Aiming to be practical and generally applicable, the SVM is validated by focus groups and case studies, analyzing engineered systems along with policy-related decisions. The findings indicate that the suggested model enables systematic and time-efficient system value analysis, assisting in evaluating alternatives and unveiling differing attitudes. Used as a decision-making support tool, the SVM can transform the scope of discussions, expand the range of factors considered during alternatives comparison, and guide the way toward higher value outcomes.
设计的主要目标是创造价值。最近,越来越多的人认识到,价值超越了纯粹的经济和技术因素,应该包含多方面的社会技术生态系统。讨论系统价值的研究承认其在设计中的重要作用,但同时也发现缺乏符合需求的综合价值概念。本文的主要目的是提出一个全面的多领域系统价值模型(SVM),该模型具有通用性和领域无关性,可用作决策支持工具。该模型的生成包括综合多种超越工程的数据源、系统价值本体的制定以及简明 SVM 的设计。为了使 SVM 具有实用性和普遍适用性,我们通过焦点小组和案例研究对 SVM 进行了验证,分析了工程系统和与政策相关的决策。研究结果表明,所建议的模型能够进行系统、省时的系统价值分析,有助于评估替代方案并揭示不同的态度。作为一种决策支持工具,SVM 可以改变讨论的范围,扩大替代方案比较过程中考虑的因素范围,并引导人们走向更高的价值结果。
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引用次数: 0
Reimagining Resilience: Visionary Leadership, Digital Transformation, and Strategic Flexibility in Small and Medium Enterprises in Construction Sector 重塑复原力:高瞻远瞩的领导力、数字化转型和建筑业中小企业的战略灵活性
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3477629
Mohsin Ali Soomro;Ali Nawaz Khan
This article investigates visionary leadership in the context of economic crises coupled with political strife. This article examines the visionary leaders’ influence through mediating and moderating role of digital transformation and organizational strategic flexibility, respectively, in developing organizational resilience. We test this model on data from construction sector small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economy's context. We have employed the lens of contingency theory to understand and explain the results. The collected data were analyzed on SPSS-23 and AMOS 23. Findings reveal that visionary leader would lead the organizational shift to digital transformation in economic crises in order to preserve resources and increase the efficiency of business operations. Results have further shown that digital transformation alone may not foster organizational resilience. Nevertheless, the relationship of digital transformation with resilience becomes more robust when an organization is endowed with high levels of strategic flexibility. Results also have shown that visionary leadership's influence over organizational resilience through digital transformation becomes stronger if organizations uphold strategic flexibility. This article includes valuable recommendations for SMEs to survive during economic crises and political instability and emphasizes the systematic approach when overcoming such issues to survive.
本文研究了经济危机和政治纷争背景下的高瞻远瞩型领导力。本文分别通过数字化转型和组织战略灵活性的中介和调节作用,研究了高瞻远瞩型领导对发展组织复原力的影响。我们以发展中经济背景下建筑业中小企业的数据为基础,对这一模型进行了检验。我们采用权变理论来理解和解释结果。收集到的数据通过 SPSS-23 和 AMOS 23 进行了分析。研究结果表明,有远见的领导者会在经济危机中领导组织向数字化转型,以保护资源并提高业务运营效率。研究结果进一步表明,仅靠数字化转型可能无法增强组织的复原力。然而,当组织具有高度的战略灵活性时,数字化转型与复原力之间的关系会变得更加稳固。研究结果还表明,如果组织坚持战略灵活性,那么高瞻远瞩的领导力通过数字化转型对组织复原力的影响就会变得更强。本文为中小企业在经济危机和政治动荡时期的生存提出了宝贵建议,并强调了克服这些问题以求得生存的系统方法。
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引用次数: 0
Enabling Technologies as a Support to Achieve Resilience in Supply Chain Operations 支持实现供应链运作复原力的赋能技术
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3477946
Enzo Domingos;Carla Pereira;Fabiano Armellini;Christophe Danjou;Francesco Facchini
In response to the dynamic and ever-changing landscape of supply chains, which are continually challenged by internal and external factors, there is a critical need for continuous adaptation, learning, and improvement. Historically, scholars have argued that traditional information systems lack the capacity to effectively support resilience strategies within supply chains. However, advancements in Industry 4.0 technologies may have shifted this paradigm. This article explores how enabling technologies (ET) can support the development of resilient operations at the supply chain level. To that end, a systematic literature review is combined with a multiple case study to understand how these technologies can support the development of elements of resilience. Three distinct sectors from different geographical locations were chosen for this study: an agri-food company in Brazil, a manufacturing firm in the food industry in Canada, and a logistics service provider in Italy. Integrating both theoretical insights and empirical findings leads to the formulation of a research framework, the primary contribution of this study, which serves as a resource for scholars and practitioners aiming to leverage ET to increase supply chain resilience. The article concludes with key findings and suggests avenues for future research.
供应链不断受到内部和外部因素的挑战,瞬息万变,亟需不断适应、学习和改进。从历史上看,学者们一直认为传统的信息系统缺乏有效支持供应链中弹性战略的能力。然而,工业 4.0 技术的进步可能已经改变了这一模式。本文探讨了使能技术(ET)如何在供应链层面支持弹性运营的发展。为此,本文将系统性文献综述与多案例研究相结合,以了解这些技术如何支持弹性要素的发展。本研究选择了来自不同地理位置的三个不同行业:巴西的一家农业食品公司、加拿大的一家食品工业制造公司和意大利的一家物流服务提供商。将理论见解和实证研究结果结合起来,形成了一个研究框架,这是本研究的主要贡献,可作为旨在利用环境技术提高供应链复原力的学者和从业人员的资源。文章最后介绍了主要研究成果,并提出了未来研究的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying Promising Technologies Considering Technology Convergence: A Patent-Based Machine-Learning Approach 考虑技术融合,识别有前途的技术:基于专利的机器学习方法
IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2024.3477508
Jinhong Kim;Youngjung Geum
With drastic changes in technology and its converging power in new product development, technology convergence has long been considered imperative in the innovation literature. Despite these efforts, previous articles neglected the importance of technology convergence in identifying promising technologies. To address this limitation, this article assumes that patents with high mediating power for subsequent technology convergence are likely to be promising. For this purpose, this article proposes the concept of convergence distance, which is measured by the differences in IPCs in backward and forward citations of patents, and defines it as the mediating power of technology convergence. Three indicators are defined: convergence distance, convergence intensity, and convergence diversity. Using these convergence-related indicators, we developed a machine-learning model to predict promising technologies. Consequently, the models with new evolution indicators outperformed the original models. Moreover, our suggested indicators turned out to be very important for predicting promising technologies, implying that the mediating power of technology convergence is very important for predicting future promising technologies and should be considered very significant for technology opportunity discovery.
随着技术的急剧变化及其在新产品开发中的融合力量,技术融合在创新文献中一直被认为是势在必行的。尽管做出了这些努力,但以往的文章忽视了技术融合在识别有前途技术方面的重要性。为了解决这一局限性,本文假定对后续技术融合具有高中介力的专利很可能是有前途的技术。为此,本文提出了趋同距离的概念,用专利前后向引用的 IPC 差异来衡量,并将其定义为技术趋同的中介力。本文定义了三个指标:趋同距离、趋同强度和趋同多样性。利用这些与趋同相关的指标,我们开发了一个机器学习模型来预测有前途的技术。结果,采用新演化指标的模型优于原始模型。此外,我们提出的指标对于预测有前途的技术非常重要,这意味着技术融合的中介作用对于预测未来有前途的技术非常重要,对于发现技术机会也非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
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IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
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