Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2026.3654944
Ziyi Xiong;Rong Liu;Chihoon Lee
Crypto crowdfunding has become a key financing channel for blockchain-based start-ups, yet ineffective project-investor communication contributes to fundraising failures. This study investigates how linguistic framing in project roadmaps, specifically, the presentation of achieved versus planned milestones, influences fundraising success. Drawing on construal level theory, we argue that achieved milestones benefit from concrete language, while planned milestones are more effective when conveyed through coherent language. We analyzed 1507 crypto crowdfunding campaigns and measured milestone concreteness and coherence using established computational linguistics techniques and large language models. Regression results show that fundraising success is positively associated with the concreteness of achieved milestones and the coherence of planned milestones. These findings suggest that aligning linguistic style with information hypotheticality (i.e., achieved vs. planned) can significantly enhance investor confidence, offering actionable guidance for start-up fundraising campaigns.
{"title":"Concrete Achievements and Coherent Plans: Storytelling of Roadmaps in Crypto Crowdfunding","authors":"Ziyi Xiong;Rong Liu;Chihoon Lee","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2026.3654944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2026.3654944","url":null,"abstract":"Crypto crowdfunding has become a key financing channel for blockchain-based start-ups, yet ineffective project-investor communication contributes to fundraising failures. This study investigates how linguistic framing in project roadmaps, specifically, the presentation of achieved versus planned milestones, influences fundraising success. Drawing on construal level theory, we argue that achieved milestones benefit from concrete language, while planned milestones are more effective when conveyed through coherent language. We analyzed 1507 crypto crowdfunding campaigns and measured milestone concreteness and coherence using established computational linguistics techniques and large language models. Regression results show that fundraising success is positively associated with the concreteness of achieved milestones and the coherence of planned milestones. These findings suggest that aligning linguistic style with information hypotheticality (i.e., achieved vs. planned) can significantly enhance investor confidence, offering actionable guidance for start-up fundraising campaigns.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1619-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2026.3654537
Juanjuan Qin;Yanan Wang;Ziping Wang
This study investigate a multilevel supply chain subject to cap-and-trade regulation, involving a capital-constrained supplier, a manufacturer, and a retailer. Blockchain technology enhances trust among core firms, cross-level firms, and banks, thereby enabling financing for cross-level firms, and strengthening consumer trust in low-carbon products. This study explores the advance payment without blockchain technology ($AN$ mode), and two blockchain-enabled financing modes: advance payment with cross-level financing ($ACB$ mode) and advance payment with bank financing ($ABB$ mode). First, both $ABB$ and $ACB$ modes reduce carbon emissions more than the $AN$ mode, while which mode achieves greater total supply chain abatement depends on the bank interest rate and carbon abatement efficiency. Blockchain-enabled financing benefits all supply chain participants when blockchain operation costs are low, achieving win–win–win outcomes compared with the $AN$ mode. These results remain robust even when carbon abatement efficiencies are heterogeneous. Second, when all supply chain participants adopt blockchain, an equilibrium emerges where the supplier, manufacturer, and retailer choose the same financing mode. Interestingly, when blockchain operation costs are low and carbon abatement efficiency is high, the $ACB$ mode enables all participants to attain higher profits. Finally, when the supplier’s initial capital and the retailer’s interest rate are either low or high, the $ACB$ mode is the supplier’s optimal choice under blockchain technology. These findings provide managerial guidance for strategically selecting financing modes and adopting blockchain technology. The reliability of the conclusions is verified through sensitivity analyses.
{"title":"Emission Reduction and Financing Decisions in Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chains Under Cross-Level Financing","authors":"Juanjuan Qin;Yanan Wang;Ziping Wang","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2026.3654537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2026.3654537","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigate a multilevel supply chain subject to cap-and-trade regulation, involving a capital-constrained supplier, a manufacturer, and a retailer. Blockchain technology enhances trust among core firms, cross-level firms, and banks, thereby enabling financing for cross-level firms, and strengthening consumer trust in low-carbon products. This study explores the advance payment without blockchain technology (<inline-formula><tex-math>$AN$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode), and two blockchain-enabled financing modes: advance payment with cross-level financing (<inline-formula><tex-math>$ACB$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode) and advance payment with bank financing (<inline-formula><tex-math>$ABB$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode). First, both <inline-formula><tex-math>$ABB$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$ACB$</tex-math></inline-formula> modes reduce carbon emissions more than the <inline-formula><tex-math>$AN$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode, while which mode achieves greater total supply chain abatement depends on the bank interest rate and carbon abatement efficiency. Blockchain-enabled financing benefits all supply chain participants when blockchain operation costs are low, achieving win–win–win outcomes compared with the <inline-formula><tex-math>$AN$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode. These results remain robust even when carbon abatement efficiencies are heterogeneous. Second, when all supply chain participants adopt blockchain, an equilibrium emerges where the supplier, manufacturer, and retailer choose the same financing mode. Interestingly, when blockchain operation costs are low and carbon abatement efficiency is high, the <inline-formula><tex-math>$ACB$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode enables all participants to attain higher profits. Finally, when the supplier’s initial capital and the retailer’s interest rate are either low or high, the <inline-formula><tex-math>$ACB$</tex-math></inline-formula> mode is the supplier’s optimal choice under blockchain technology. These findings provide managerial guidance for strategically selecting financing modes and adopting blockchain technology. The reliability of the conclusions is verified through sensitivity analyses.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1376-1389"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising has become a dominant tool for e-tailers to increase product exposure and boost sales. This study investigates a multiproduct newsvendor-like problem that jointly optimizes advertising budget allocation and order quantity decisions. A key feature of the problem is the consideration of the spillover effect of PPC advertising, where the demand for a product depends not only on its own ad clicks, but also on those of related products. We introduce a linear demand function to capture this dependence and validate its predictive power using real-world data. The theoretical analyses reveal that the spillover effect leads to nontrivial interactions between advertising and ordering decisions, while also amplifying demand uncertainty and complicating the computation of the optimal solutions. To address these challenges, we consider two heuristic methods. The first follows the common practice of neglecting the spillover effect, while the second simplifies it by approximating random ad clicks with their mean value. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the first heuristic can lead to substantial performance loss (up to 28.72%), whereas the second yields near-optimal solutions with performance loss within 1%. We further conduct robustness tests with respect to ad-click distributions, market conditions, and ad-click uncertainty to evaluate the performances of both heuristic methods under different scenarios. A sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of changing key parameters (e.g., the coefficients of spillover effects and advertising budget) is also developed to provide more managerial insights.
{"title":"Spillover Effect Matters: A Multiproduct Newsvendor-Like Model With Pay-Per-Click Advertising","authors":"Yugang Yu;Hongyan Zhang;Zhao Cai;Ye Shi;Qitong Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2026.3651194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2026.3651194","url":null,"abstract":"Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising has become a dominant tool for e-tailers to increase product exposure and boost sales. This study investigates a multiproduct newsvendor-like problem that jointly optimizes advertising budget allocation and order quantity decisions. A key feature of the problem is the consideration of the spillover effect of PPC advertising, where the demand for a product depends not only on its own ad clicks, but also on those of related products. We introduce a linear demand function to capture this dependence and validate its predictive power using real-world data. The theoretical analyses reveal that the spillover effect leads to nontrivial interactions between advertising and ordering decisions, while also amplifying demand uncertainty and complicating the computation of the optimal solutions. To address these challenges, we consider two heuristic methods. The first follows the common practice of neglecting the spillover effect, while the second simplifies it by approximating random ad clicks with their mean value. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the first heuristic can lead to substantial performance loss (up to 28.72%), whereas the second yields near-optimal solutions with performance loss within 1%. We further conduct robustness tests with respect to ad-click distributions, market conditions, and ad-click uncertainty to evaluate the performances of both heuristic methods under different scenarios. A sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of changing key parameters (e.g., the coefficients of spillover effects and advertising budget) is also developed to provide more managerial insights.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1259-1273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2026.3651889
Melanie E. Kreye
This research investigates how the supply-chain configurations of service offerings in business-to-consumer (B2C) markets enable manufacturers to implement circular practices. We differentiate offerings by service complexity as relevant starting points for this purpose. Following best practices in methodological rigor, we provide empirical evidence from five cases in the household-appliances industry. We detail the respective supply chain (SC) configurations of service offerings and of circular practices. In addition, we identify three mechanisms by which the SC configurations of service offerings connect to the SC configurations of circular practices: complement, enable, and undermine. This research contributes to the debate on the connections between servitization and circularity in B2C markets. Specifically, we identify the supply-chain configuration of service-based business models and circular practices showing their downstream and upstream effects. This enabled us to identify the mechanisms connecting service offerings to circular practices via their respective supply-chain configurations.
{"title":"Implementing Circular Practices Through Supply-Chain Configurations of Service Offerings for Consumer Products","authors":"Melanie E. Kreye","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2026.3651889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2026.3651889","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates how the supply-chain configurations of service offerings in business-to-consumer (B2C) markets enable manufacturers to implement circular practices. We differentiate offerings by service complexity as relevant starting points for this purpose. Following best practices in methodological rigor, we provide empirical evidence from five cases in the household-appliances industry. We detail the respective supply chain (SC) configurations of service offerings and of circular practices. In addition, we identify three mechanisms by which the SC configurations of service offerings connect to the SC configurations of circular practices: complement, enable, and undermine. This research contributes to the debate on the connections between servitization and circularity in B2C markets. Specifically, we identify the supply-chain configuration of service-based business models and circular practices showing their downstream and upstream effects. This enabled us to identify the mechanisms connecting service offerings to circular practices via their respective supply-chain configurations.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1224-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study addresses the importance of enhancing the resilience of supply chain networks (SCNs) in the volatile supply chain environment. It explores how SCN topology characteristics and learning capabilities, such as “learn-to-prevent’’ and “learn-to-recover,’’ influence resilience, with a focus on the ripple effect during disruptions in SCNs. The research highlights oversight of link and partial node disruptions in existing studies, underscoring the need to account for these factors to inform decision-making and develop risk mitigation strategies. To examine the impact of SCNs' topological characteristics and learning capabilities on supply chain resilience (SCR), this study generates a diverse dataset of 5103 SCNs and simulates disruption and recovery processes. Using the Random Forest technique, the research identifies the significance of various factors in determining resilience, which is quantified by three metrics: average functionality, full impact, and recovery duration. Extensive robustness checks, including statistical testing, sensitivity analysis, repeated simulations, and validation through a real-world case study, confirm that the findings remain stable across alternative network structures, parameter settings, and disruption scenarios. The findings emphasize the importance of resilience capacities and learning capabilities acquired during disruptions, as well as specific network topology features, such as the number of strongly connected components, network type, and average path length. The proposed methodology is validated through a case study in Australia, illustrating how network characteristics can influence SCR. Decision-makers are urged to consider these associations for effectively enhancing resilience in SCNs.
{"title":"The Impact of Supply Chain Networks’ Structural Topology and Learning Capabilities on Resilience: A Simulation Study","authors":"Farhad Habibi;Ripon Kumar Chakrabortty;Alireza Abbasi","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2026.3651709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2026.3651709","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the importance of enhancing the resilience of supply chain networks (SCNs) in the volatile supply chain environment. It explores how SCN topology characteristics and learning capabilities, such as “learn-to-prevent’’ and “learn-to-recover,’’ influence resilience, with a focus on the ripple effect during disruptions in SCNs. The research highlights oversight of link and partial node disruptions in existing studies, underscoring the need to account for these factors to inform decision-making and develop risk mitigation strategies. To examine the impact of SCNs' topological characteristics and learning capabilities on supply chain resilience (SCR), this study generates a diverse dataset of 5103 SCNs and simulates disruption and recovery processes. Using the Random Forest technique, the research identifies the significance of various factors in determining resilience, which is quantified by three metrics: average functionality, full impact, and recovery duration. Extensive robustness checks, including statistical testing, sensitivity analysis, repeated simulations, and validation through a real-world case study, confirm that the findings remain stable across alternative network structures, parameter settings, and disruption scenarios. The findings emphasize the importance of resilience capacities and learning capabilities acquired during disruptions, as well as specific network topology features, such as the number of strongly connected components, network type, and average path length. The proposed methodology is validated through a case study in Australia, illustrating how network characteristics can influence SCR. Decision-makers are urged to consider these associations for effectively enhancing resilience in SCNs.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1528-1543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3648578
Muhammad Usman;Nadia Zahoor;Erhan Boğan;Muhammad Waheed Akhtar;Bekir Dedeoğlu
Given the growing emphasis on business sustainability and environmental management aimed at protecting the natural environment, this study, drawing insights from organizational information processing theory, investigates the direct association of artificial intelligence-supported Big Data analytics (AI-BDA) with organizations’ green core competencies as well as the indirect association through green data-driven decision-making culture (GDDC). In addition, the role of leader conscientiousness as an important boundary condition is examined. Data collected from 339 managers is analyzed using structural equation modeling in Mplus (8.8). Our findings indicate that AI-BDA has both direct and indirect positive relationships with green core competencies. Moreover, leader conscientiousness moderated the direct impact of AI-BDA on GDDC. Supplementary semi-structured interviews with 12 senior managers provide contextual validation and illustrate how AI-BDA, green data-driven culture, and leader conscientiousness jointly shape green core competencies in practice. Our research provides actionable insights that empower organizations to develop green core competencies, thereby enhancing their impact on initiatives aimed at preserving the natural environment. By integrating technological capabilities with leadership traits, this study highlights a pathway for organizations to align digital transformation with environmental sustainability goals, thereby advancing their corporate responses to environmental challenges.
{"title":"Big Data Analytics and Green Core Competencies: Important Role of Data-Driven Decision-Making Culture and Leader Conscientiousness","authors":"Muhammad Usman;Nadia Zahoor;Erhan Boğan;Muhammad Waheed Akhtar;Bekir Dedeoğlu","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3648578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3648578","url":null,"abstract":"Given the growing emphasis on business sustainability and environmental management aimed at protecting the natural environment, this study, drawing insights from organizational information processing theory, investigates the direct association of artificial intelligence-supported Big Data analytics (AI-BDA) with organizations’ green core competencies as well as the indirect association through green data-driven decision-making culture (GDDC). In addition, the role of leader conscientiousness as an important boundary condition is examined. Data collected from 339 managers is analyzed using structural equation modeling in Mplus (8.8). Our findings indicate that AI-BDA has both direct and indirect positive relationships with green core competencies. Moreover, leader conscientiousness moderated the direct impact of AI-BDA on GDDC. Supplementary semi-structured interviews with 12 senior managers provide contextual validation and illustrate how AI-BDA, green data-driven culture, and leader conscientiousness jointly shape green core competencies in practice. Our research provides actionable insights that empower organizations to develop green core competencies, thereby enhancing their impact on initiatives aimed at preserving the natural environment. By integrating technological capabilities with leadership traits, this study highlights a pathway for organizations to align digital transformation with environmental sustainability goals, thereby advancing their corporate responses to environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1363-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blockchain has gained significant attention, but operations literature lacks an integrated framework capturing its adoption dynamics. This article addresses the gap through a multicase study, proposing a framework that examines drivers, enablers, resistors, mechanisms, and outcomes of blockchain adoption in supply chains. The process is segmented into three phases—preadoption, early adoption, and full adoption—across technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions. Findings show organizational and environmental factors dominate preadoption, while enablers and resistors shape early adoption. In full adoption, mechanisms such as resilience, trust, visibility, information sharing, and cost reduction deliver operational benefits. The article offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to better understand and implement blockchain in supply chain operations.
{"title":"A Framework for Understanding Blockchain Adoption in Supply Chain Operations: A Multicase Study","authors":"Alok Raj;Tsan-Ming Choi;Rajeev Ranjan Kumar;Shikha Aggarwal","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2026.3653443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2026.3653443","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain has gained significant attention, but operations literature lacks an integrated framework capturing its adoption dynamics. This article addresses the gap through a multicase study, proposing a framework that examines drivers, enablers, resistors, mechanisms, and outcomes of blockchain adoption in supply chains. The process is segmented into three phases—preadoption, early adoption, and full adoption—across technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions. Findings show organizational and environmental factors dominate preadoption, while enablers and resistors shape early adoption. In full adoption, mechanisms such as resilience, trust, visibility, information sharing, and cost reduction deliver operational benefits. The article offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to better understand and implement blockchain in supply chain operations.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1390-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146082143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2026.3653644
Lieve A. J. W. Baars;Tri Mikael Tran;Iris F. A. Vis
Port congestion concerns highlight the resource strain on terminal operations. Because investing in new resources is costly, using existing resources more efficiently through business-to-business sharing has emerged as a superior alternative. Although the high standardization in container logistics renders terminal operations favorable for sharing, other complexities impede this process. Prior research emphasizes the benefits of sharing while neglecting the critical first step: initiating the implementation. Moreover, existing studies typically treat all forms of resource sharing uniformly. This three-round Delphi study examines the drivers and barriers to resource sharing in container terminals using 31 expert responses from distinguished maritime academics and professionals from prominent companies in port operations. Item extraction was verified twice; consensus required $ geq $ 60% agreement and an interquartile range $ leq $ 1, with sensitivity analyses (higher thresholds and subgroup splits) confirming the stability of top drivers and barriers. Our findings indicate the significance of joint planning (among terminals with different operators at the same port), operational compatibility, and stakeholder involvement. They further reveal that the drivers and barriers differ for capacity resources (i.e., immovable assets) versus physical resources (i.e., movable assets), making this study the first to distinguish them. In addition, we address the theoretical neglect of stakeholder involvement in resource sharing. Based on the rankings of drivers and barriers, we provide engineering managers and policymakers with a roadmap for the successful implementation of cross-terminal resource sharing.
对港口拥塞的担忧凸显了码头运营的资源紧张。由于投资新资源成本高昂，通过企业对企业共享更有效地利用现有资源已成为一种更好的选择。虽然集装箱物流的高度标准化使码头操作有利于共享，但其他复杂性阻碍了这一过程。先前的研究强调共享的好处，而忽略了关键的第一步：启动实施。此外，现有的研究通常对所有形式的资源共享一视同仁。这个三轮德尔福研究考察了集装箱码头资源共享的驱动因素和障碍，使用了31位专家的回答，这些专家来自杰出的海事学者和港口运营知名公司的专业人士。项目提取验证两次；需要协商一致$ geq $ 60% agreement and an interquartile range $ leq $ 1, with sensitivity analyses (higher thresholds and subgroup splits) confirming the stability of top drivers and barriers. Our findings indicate the significance of joint planning (among terminals with different operators at the same port), operational compatibility, and stakeholder involvement. They further reveal that the drivers and barriers differ for capacity resources (i.e., immovable assets) versus physical resources (i.e., movable assets), making this study the first to distinguish them. In addition, we address the theoretical neglect of stakeholder involvement in resource sharing. Based on the rankings of drivers and barriers, we provide engineering managers and policymakers with a roadmap for the successful implementation of cross-terminal resource sharing.
{"title":"Toward Business-to-Business Sharing Economy: Drivers of and Barriers to Sharing Resources of Container Terminals","authors":"Lieve A. J. W. Baars;Tri Mikael Tran;Iris F. A. Vis","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2026.3653644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2026.3653644","url":null,"abstract":"Port congestion concerns highlight the resource strain on terminal operations. Because investing in new resources is costly, using existing resources more efficiently through business-to-business sharing has emerged as a superior alternative. Although the high standardization in container logistics renders terminal operations favorable for sharing, other complexities impede this process. Prior research emphasizes the benefits of sharing while neglecting the critical first step: initiating the implementation. Moreover, existing studies typically treat all forms of resource sharing uniformly. This three-round Delphi study examines the drivers and barriers to resource sharing in container terminals using 31 expert responses from distinguished maritime academics and professionals from prominent companies in port operations. Item extraction was verified twice; consensus required <inline-formula><tex-math>$ geq $</tex-math></inline-formula> 60% agreement and an interquartile range <inline-formula><tex-math>$ leq $</tex-math></inline-formula> 1, with sensitivity analyses (higher thresholds and subgroup splits) confirming the stability of top drivers and barriers. Our findings indicate the significance of joint planning (among terminals with different operators at the same port), operational compatibility, and stakeholder involvement. They further reveal that the drivers and barriers differ for capacity resources (i.e., immovable assets) versus physical resources (i.e., movable assets), making this study the first to distinguish them. In addition, we address the theoretical neglect of stakeholder involvement in resource sharing. Based on the rankings of drivers and barriers, we provide engineering managers and policymakers with a roadmap for the successful implementation of cross-terminal resource sharing.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1472-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11347456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3650452
Jinzhao Shi;Kewen Jing;Xiaoping Xu;Li Zhou;Qiang Du;T. C. E. Cheng
In the green order financing (GOF), suppliers must first obtain “green certification” from core enterprises to secure preferential bank loans for eco-friendly orders. This paper examines the setting of entry threshold for GOF and proposes incentives to coordinate the GOF system. We study a GOF system consisting of a bank, a large retailer, and a capital-constrained supplier. The retailer, acting on behalf of the bank, sets the greenness entry threshold for the supplier, leveraging its informational advantages regarding the supplier’s environmental performance. We find that the supplier will opt for GOF only when the entry threshold set by the retailer is below a critical value; otherwise, it will continue using traditional order financing (TOF). In a Stackelberg game with the retailer as the leader, a unique equilibrium emerges under which GOF is implemented, leading to Pareto improvements and enhanced greenness. The bank also benefits from providing GOF, provided that it sets a reasonable interest rate—no lower than a certain threshold. If the rate falls below this threshold, external government incentives will be necessary. We demonstrate that the government will only refrain from subsidizing the bank if the supplier’s cost coefficient of green investment is extremely high while the bank’s GOF interest rate is exceedingly low. Otherwise, the subsidies will generate Pareto improvements for all three GOF members and achieve greater social welfare than with TOF. Finally, we conduct numerical studies and extend the analysis to new scenarios, further confirming the robustness of the results.
{"title":"Entry Threshold Setting and Incentive Design for Green Order Financing","authors":"Jinzhao Shi;Kewen Jing;Xiaoping Xu;Li Zhou;Qiang Du;T. C. E. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TEM.2025.3650452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3650452","url":null,"abstract":"In the green order financing (GOF), suppliers must first obtain “green certification” from core enterprises to secure preferential bank loans for eco-friendly orders. This paper examines the setting of entry threshold for GOF and proposes incentives to coordinate the GOF system. We study a GOF system consisting of a bank, a large retailer, and a capital-constrained supplier. The retailer, acting on behalf of the bank, sets the greenness entry threshold for the supplier, leveraging its informational advantages regarding the supplier’s environmental performance. We find that the supplier will opt for GOF only when the entry threshold set by the retailer is below a critical value; otherwise, it will continue using traditional order financing (TOF). In a Stackelberg game with the retailer as the leader, a unique equilibrium emerges under which GOF is implemented, leading to Pareto improvements and enhanced greenness. The bank also benefits from providing GOF, provided that it sets a reasonable interest rate—no lower than a certain threshold. If the rate falls below this threshold, external government incentives will be necessary. We demonstrate that the government will only refrain from subsidizing the bank if the supplier’s cost coefficient of green investment is extremely high while the bank’s GOF interest rate is exceedingly low. Otherwise, the subsidies will generate Pareto improvements for all three GOF members and achieve greater social welfare than with TOF. Finally, we conduct numerical studies and extend the analysis to new scenarios, further confirming the robustness of the results.","PeriodicalId":55009,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management","volume":"73 ","pages":"1240-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3649091
Muhammad Zia Ul Haq;Tahir Abbas Syed;Usman Akbar;Haris Aslam
This study explores the critical interplay between supply chain analytics (SCA), the Triple-A supply chain framework (agility, adaptability, and alignment), and supply chain resilience (SCR), addressing a significant gap in both theory and practice. While SCA has emerged as a transformative tool for managing disruptions through data-driven insights, its potential to foster resilience remains underexplored without the integration of dynamic organizational capabilities. Grounded in the dynamic capability’s theory, this research examines how SCA enhances Triple-A capabilities, which in turn drive SCR by enabling organizations to sense, respond to, and adapt to disruptions. Using a dual-study approach, our findings show that while alignment strongly predicts agility, it does not directly enhance adaptability, challenging conventional wisdom that greater alignment inherently strengthens both capabilities. These results suggest the need to reconsider linear assumptions about capability building in supply chains. Multiple analytical approaches and robustness checks, including alternative model specifications, different estimation techniques, and subgroup analyses, were performed to ensure research rigor. The consistent results across these analyses confirm the robustness and generalizability of the study’s findings. This study advances not only theoretical understanding by connecting SCA with the Triple-A supply chain and resilience but also provides actionable insights for practitioners to align investments in analytics with strategic organizational capabilities. By addressing these interconnections, this research contributes to bridging the gap between digital transformation and resilient supply chain practices, offering a robust framework for navigating uncertainty.
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