Fungal Ecology最新文献

英文中文

Strong climatic effects on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities at seedling establishment stage in ice-age relict forests

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101410

Takahiko Koizumi , Kazuhide Nara

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations are fundamental for seedling establishment in many forest ecosystems. However, it is unclear how spatial and environmental factors affect the structure of ECM fungal communities at the seedling establishment stage. Here, we investigated how spatial and environmental factors affect the composition of ECM fungal communities on naturally established seedlings of Pinus pumila in nine ice-age relict forests and compared the results with those of mature shrubs that we previously characterized. ECM fungi on field-collected seedling roots were identified using sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Redundancy analysis revealed that climatic factors accounted for the largest variation in ECM fungal community composition in naturally established seedlings (40%). The difference in host stages (seedlings/mature trees) in ECM fungal communities was larger than those of spatial, soil, and climate factors at the regional scale. Our results indicate that the ECM fungi that facilitate seedling establishment are significantly different from those on mature trees and are independently affected by climatic factors at the regional scale.

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引用次数: 0

Secondary metabolites and their impact on symbiotic interactions in the ambrosia fungus Geosmithia eupagioceri

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101414

Miroslav Kolařík , Eva Stodůlková , Soňa Kajzrová , Jaroslav Semerád , Jan Hubert , Marek Kuzma , Miroslav Šulc , Ivana Císařová , Andrej Jašica , Jan-Peer Wennrich , Jiří Hulcr , Miroslav Flieger

Ambrosia fungi colonize dead trees, providing nutrition for ambrosia beetles. A key aspect of this symbiosis is the ability of fungi to colonize and dominate the wood around the beetle tunnels. Hypotheses for these dynamics include active beetle management, fungal inoculation priority, and the chemical ecology of the fungus. The ecological role of allelochemicals produced by ambrosia fungi is unknown. This study presents an analysis of secondary metabolites from Geosmithia eupagioceri (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Eight extracellular compounds were identified: 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid, several hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), 4-HPA methyl ester, tyrosol, and thymine. Most compounds show cross-taxon activity, suppressing the growth of bacteria, fungi, a nematode, and a mite. We also point out that these compounds also have potential to modulate the physiology of their producer, the beetle host and associated microbes through synergism.

{"title":"Secondary metabolites and their impact on symbiotic interactions in the ambrosia fungus Geosmithia eupagioceri","authors":"Miroslav Kolařík , Eva Stodůlková , Soňa Kajzrová , Jaroslav Semerád , Jan Hubert , Marek Kuzma , Miroslav Šulc , Ivana Císařová , Andrej Jašica , Jan-Peer Wennrich , Jiří Hulcr , Miroslav Flieger","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ambrosia fungi colonize dead trees, providing nutrition for ambrosia beetles. A key aspect of this symbiosis is the ability of fungi to colonize and dominate the wood around the beetle tunnels. Hypotheses for these dynamics include active beetle management, fungal inoculation priority, and the chemical ecology of the fungus. The ecological role of allelochemicals produced by ambrosia fungi is unknown. This study presents an analysis of secondary metabolites from <em>Geosmithia eupagioceri</em> (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Eight extracellular compounds were identified: 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid, several hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), 4-HPA methyl ester, tyrosol, and thymine. Most compounds show cross-taxon activity, suppressing the growth of bacteria, fungi, a nematode, and a mite. We also point out that these compounds also have potential to modulate the physiology of their producer, the beetle host and associated microbes through synergism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungi in treeline ecotones – Halting or causing abrupt ecosystem change?

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101409

Henni Ylänne , Carles Castaño , Karina E. Clemmensen

Climate warming is currently expanding the low-temperature-limit for tree survival – the treeline – further into arctic and alpine areas. This may enable the encroachment of trees into previously treeless areas if no other limitations of tree growth prevail. As trees benefit from the activities of both symbiotic and saprotrophic soil fungi, and vice versa, concurrent range expansion of trees and fungi may facilitate forest development, alter ecosystem nutrient and carbon balances and potentially lead to an ecosystem tipping-point with altered climate feedbacks. The roles of fungi in vegetation shifts and subsequent climate feedbacks are poorly characterized. In this minireview, we outline potential roles of soil fungi in tree colonization and carbon balance and discuss the fungal-driven soil processes that may halt, precede or ultimately cause abrupt changes in treeline ecotones.

引用次数: 0

Volatilome of Australian Ips grandicollis-associated ophiostomatoid fungi

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101411

Somia Afzal , Helen F. Nahrung , Simon A. Lawson , R. Andrew Hayes

The eastern five-spined bark beetle (Ips grandicollis) is an invasive pine pest in Australia. This beetle is associated with a community of symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungi, including Ceratocystiopsis sp., Ophiostoma ips, Sporothrix pseudoabietina and the recently described Graphilbum ipis-grandicollis. Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOC) can mediate fungal-insect-host interactions, including host finding. We used solid phase microextraction to examine variation in VOC profiles of beetle-associated ophiostomatoid fungi over time and how these profiles are influenced by supplemental host monoterpenes (α- and β-pinene). We found significant differences in VOC profiles of four-day-old fungal cultures among the four fungal species. Twenty-one known volatile compounds were identified up to eighteen days following inoculation. One culture of each of Ophiostoma ips and Graphilbum ipis-grandicollis released cis-verbenol when grown on media amended with (−)-α-pinene. However, verbenone was only released from Graphilbum ipis-grandicollis when grown on media amended with (−)-α-pinene. These compounds are components of aggregation and anti-aggregation pheromones of I. grandicollis, respectively. Our results suggest that ophiostomatoid fungi could contribute to the chemical ecology of I. grandicollis, dependent on time and environmental factors such as growth conditions since colonization.

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引用次数: 0

Does ectomycorrhizal fungal biodiversity affect tree growth?

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101413

Mark A. Anthony

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are ubiquitous tree-associated symbionts aiding plant nutrition and growth in forests from the tropics to the boreal zone. They colonize tree roots and provide >70% of growth limiting nutrients, but with >10,000 EMF species, tree growth rates may vary depending on the composition and diversity of associated EMF communities as a consequence of the diversity of fungal functions and niches. While ample research demonstrates that EMF species differentially influence host plant growth in experimental inoculation studies, disparate insights from experimental and observational studies in the field must be integrated to evaluate the ecological relevance of EMF species, compositional, and biodiversity differences. In this short review, I evaluate whether EMF species identity, composition, and richness affect tree growth during early plant life stages. I first show that EMF species often, but not always, differentially effect seedling and sapling growth, both in the greenhouse and under field condition where other factors determine plant growth, such as variation in soil fertility and climate. Effects of EMF species richness on plant growth are context dependent, and stimulated tree growth in 37% of the cases identified (11/30 cases). Evidence to date suggests that differences in EMF composition more than richness affect tree growth. Limitations of current experimental studies and challenges interpreting observational patterns make it difficult to tease apart causality and directionality, but I provide a list of possible solutions for future research to address outstanding questions. Understanding how mycorrhizal biodiversity affects plant growth is not only an important frontier in ecological research, it also has implications for embedding fungi into forest management, conservation, and ecosystem restoration agendas.

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence of Psychrophilomyces antarcticus in the Arctic

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101408

Olga A. Grum-Grzhimaylo , Ekaterina N. Bubnova , Alexey A. Grum-Grzhimaylo , Alfons J.M. Debets , Duur K. Aanen

The fungus Psychrophilomyces antarcticus M.M. Wang & Xing Z. Liu, previously known only from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Antarctica, was isolated in the Arctic from sediments on the littoral of the Kara Sea (Shokalsky Island) and represented by strains VKM F-5025/CBS 151455 and VKM F-5026/CBS 151456. The macro- and micro-morphology of the isolate was studied together with partial sequences of the DNA regions ITS, LSU, TEF1, and β-TUB, as well as the optimal values for temperature, pH and salinity. Slight differences between our two isolates and previously known strains of P. antarcticus were found in morphology (colony color and shape, size of phialides and spores) and physiological traits (optimal growth temperature, range of acceptable temperature and pH values for growth, colony odor, and degree of mucosity under extreme conditions). However, the high similarity in the sequenced conservative DNA sequences from 100 to 97% indicates that these slight morphological and physiological variations of the studied strains of P. antarcticus are intraspecific variation. Our study demonstrates that P. antarcticus is a cold-adapted poly-extreme tolerant species that can occur and function in extremely cold areas, such as high alpine, Antarctic, and Arctic regions.

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引用次数: 0

Pine seedlings select a consistent ectomycorrhizal community regardless of water availability and inoculum origin

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101406

Lior Herol , Tamir Klein , Stav Livne-Luzon , Hagai Shemesh

The effect of water stress on mutualistic interactions can play a key role in forest response to drought. We tested the effects of water availability on the mutualism between Aleppo pine seedlings and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) originating from soil spore banks of pine forests along a steep climatic gradient. The composition of the EMF communities in the soil varied along the climatic gradient, whereas the communities on pine seedlings' roots which were inoculated with these soil spore banks remained largely consistent. Water stress reduced seedling growth, which was influenced by EMF presence and not by inoculum origin. These results suggest that even under water shortage, pine seedlings maintain similar partnerships despite variable EMF availability. This raises important questions regarding the role of EMF richness at different stages of tree growth and at different ecological scales and improves our understanding of forest regeneration dynamics under extreme climatic conditions.

引用次数: 0

Global richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101407

Stefanie Lutz , Vladimir Mikryukov , Maëva Labouyrie , Mohammad Bahram , Arwyn Jones , Panos Panagos , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo , Fernando T. Maestre , Alberto Orgiazzi , Leho Tedersoo , Marcel G.A. van der Heijden

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic associations with most land plants and are of pivotal importance for plant growth and nutrition. AM fungi include both the well-known phylum Glomeromycota (G-AMF) and the recently established clade of Endogonomycete fine root endophytes within the phylum Mucoromycota, often viewed as putative AMF (E-AMF). Yet, the global richness of these fungal groups, in particular of E-AMF, is poorly understood. To provide comprehensive global species of G-AMF and E-AMF, we analysed long-read sequencing data of the full-length ITS marker from 4,733 sampling sites across all continents and biomes. Our study provides the first combined estimate of global G-AMF and putative E-AMF richness, far exceeding the numbers and taxa reported so far. Specifically, we detected 8,517 OTUs of G-AMF, surpassing previous AMF richness estimates by a factor of five to fifteen. In addition, we identified 600 OTUs for putative E-AMF, providing the first global estimate for this group.

{"title":"Global richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi","authors":"Stefanie Lutz , Vladimir Mikryukov , Maëva Labouyrie , Mohammad Bahram , Arwyn Jones , Panos Panagos , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo , Fernando T. Maestre , Alberto Orgiazzi , Leho Tedersoo , Marcel G.A. van der Heijden","doi":"10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic associations with most land plants and are of pivotal importance for plant growth and nutrition. AM fungi include both the well-known phylum Glomeromycota (G-AMF) and the recently established clade of Endogonomycete fine root endophytes within the phylum Mucoromycota, often viewed as putative AMF (E-AMF). Yet, the global richness of these fungal groups, in particular of E-AMF, is poorly understood. To provide comprehensive global species of G-AMF and E-AMF, we analysed long-read sequencing data of the full-length ITS marker from 4,733 sampling sites across all continents and biomes. Our study provides the first combined estimate of global G-AMF and putative E-AMF richness, far exceeding the numbers and taxa reported so far. Specifically, we detected 8,517 OTUs of G-AMF, surpassing previous AMF richness estimates by a factor of five to fifteen. In addition, we identified 600 OTUs for putative E-AMF, providing the first global estimate for this group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55136,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 101407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Michigan winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots host communities of Mortierellaceae and endohyphal bacteria 密歇根冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）根寄主群落Mortierellaceae和菌丝内细菌

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101398

Megan Korne , Janette L. Jacobs , Sophie Gabrysiak , Martin I. Chilvers , Gregory Bonito

Mortierellaceae are ecologically and economically important fungi implicated in soil health. However, the diversity and frequency of Mortierellaceae and their endobacteria in crop root systems is unclear. Roots of winter wheat were sampled using a randomized complete block design. Mortierellaceae were isolated, identified using ITS-LSU phylogenetic analysis, and 16S rDNA was screened for Burkholderia-related endobacteria (BRE) and Mollicutes-related endobacteria (MRE). A total of 102 root-associated Mortierellaceae were isolated from 217 wheat root samples. Linnemannia comprised 89% of isolates. BRE were detected in 12 isolates, while MRE were detected in only one isolate. Mortierellaceae frequency varied by cultivar and a weak trend towards cultivar specificity was observed. Together, these findings advance our understanding of BRE and MRE prevalence in fungi in agricultural soils. Further studies will be needed to determine how plant hosts recruit Mortierellaceae partners and factors that drive plant-Mortierellaceae interactions.

Mortierellaceae是与土壤健康有关的重要生态和经济真菌。然而，Mortierellaceae及其内细菌在作物根系中的多样性和频率尚不清楚。采用完全随机区组设计对冬小麦根系进行取样。分离得到Mortierellaceae，利用ITS-LSU系统发育分析对其进行鉴定，并对Burkholderia-related endobacteria （BRE）和Mollicutes-related endobacteria （MRE）进行16S rDNA筛选。从217份小麦根系样品中共分离到102个根相关Mortierellaceae。林奈曼菌占分离株的89%。12株分离物检出BRE， 1株分离物检出MRE。mortiellaceae的出现频率因品种而异，品种专一性倾向较弱。总之，这些发现促进了我们对农业土壤真菌中BRE和MRE患病率的理解。需要进一步的研究来确定植物寄主如何招募Mortierellaceae的伴侣以及驱动植物-Mortierellaceae相互作用的因素。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis isolate and dose on infection outcomes in a critically endangered Australian amphibian 一种极度濒危的澳大利亚两栖动物感染树突蝙蝠蚴的分离株和剂量对感染结果的影响

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101397

Mikaeylah J. Davidson, Tiffany A. Kosch, Amy Aquilina, Rebecca J. Webb, Lee F. Skerratt, Lee Berger

The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)) is a continuing threat globally, causing widespread declines. Corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) are critically endangered and no longer have self-sustaining populations in the wild due to the presence of Bd in the environment. We aimed to investigate variation in susceptibility to Bd in juvenile P. corroboree and evaluate the impact of Bd isolate and dose on infection outcomes. We experimentally exposed juvenile P. corroboree to two Bd isolates at five doses, and also characterised the in vitro growth of these isolates. Frogs showed high susceptibility to Bd, with isolate and dose impacting survival time and infection loads. Additionally, differences in the in vitro phenotype of the two Bd isolates were linked to their differential virulence. This study highlights the considerable impact that fungal isolate and dose have in shaping disease outcomes in experimental exposures.

两栖动物糜烂真菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)）是全球范围内的一种持续威胁，导致两栖动物数量普遍下降。珊瑚蛙（Pseudophryne corroboree）已极度濒危，由于环境中存在 Bd，其野外种群已无法自我维持。我们的目的是调查幼年克洛伯蛙对 Bd 的敏感性差异，并评估 Bd 分离物和剂量对感染结果的影响。我们在实验中将两种 Bd 分离物以五种剂量暴露于幼蛙，并分析了这些分离物的体外生长特征。蛙类对 Bd 的易感性很高，分离株和剂量会影响存活时间和感染量。此外，两种 Bd 分离物体外表型的差异与它们不同的毒力有关。这项研究强调了真菌分离株和剂量对实验暴露中疾病结果的影响。

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