Fungal Ecology最新文献

英文中文

Unbreakable: Bird's nest fungi tolerate extreme abiotic stresses 牢不可破：燕窝真菌能忍受极端的非生物压力

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101450

Nattapol Kraisitudomsook , Elena Karlsen-Ayala , Matthew E. Smith

While much of the literature focuses on plant and prokaryote tolerance towards abiotic stresses, environmental resistance by fungi remains understudied. Many fungi have traits that help them to tolerate extreme environmental perturbations. Bird's nest fungi produce ‘peridioles’ which consist of basidiospores, basidia, hyphae, and melanized walls, but their tolerance towards environmental stresses is currently unknown. We exposed the peridioles of three distantly related bird's nest fungi species (Cyathus poepigii, Crucibulum parvulum, and Nidularia pulvinata) to extremely high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, and prolonged ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation. The viability of bird's nest fungi peridioles declined after high heat treatments although all three species showed tolerance up to about 40 °C. In contrast, peridioles were unaffected by freezing or direct ultraviolet radiation. Although bird's nest fungi are not typically found under extreme conditions, three distantly related species germinated well following exposure to extreme environments for either 6 or 24 h. More research is needed to clarify whether other peridiole-producing fungi share this wide tolerance of harsh environmental conditions.

虽然许多文献关注植物和原核生物对非生物胁迫的耐受性，但真菌的环境抗性仍未得到充分研究。许多真菌具有帮助它们忍受极端环境扰动的特性。燕窝真菌产生由担子孢子、担子、菌丝和黑化壁组成的“圆孔菌”，但它们对环境压力的耐受性目前尚不清楚。我们将三种远亲燕窝真菌（Cyathus poepigii, crucbulum parvulum, Nidularia pulvinata）的巢周暴露在极高温、极低温和长时间紫外线（UV-C）辐射下。在高温处理后，燕窝真菌的生存能力下降，但三种真菌在40℃左右的高温下均表现出耐受性。相比之下，周透岩不受冷冻或直接紫外线照射的影响。虽然燕窝真菌通常不会在极端条件下发现，但三种远亲物种在暴露于极端环境6或24小时后发芽良好。需要更多的研究来澄清是否其他产生环二醇的真菌也具有这种对恶劣环境条件的广泛耐受性。

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引用次数: 0

Assembly of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities changes from stochastic to deterministic during primary succession 丛枝菌根真菌群落的聚集在初级演替过程中由随机向确定性转变

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101439

Álvaro López-García , Hans Henrik Bruun , Jing Tang , Rasmus Kjøller , Søren Rosendahl

On new land, succession of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities depends on dispersal of propagules from a regional metacommunity and on supply of plant partners locally. We followed the succession of AM fungal communities from 2010 to 2016 on the artificial island Peberholm, which was constructed in 1998. We surveyed AM fungal communities using metabarcoding. Early in succession, AM fungal communities were characterized by a high proportion of sporulating taxa and strong dominance, consistent with a dispersal-driven mass effect imprinting the initial community composition. Over time, the prevalence of sporulating taxa declined, additional taxa were gained and β-diversity at the whole-island level increased. This pattern suggest a gradual shift towards a more deterministic assembly, where biotic interactions and environmental filtering play a greater role, leading to higher spatial differentiation of AM communities in response to abiotic conditions and plant communities.

在新的土地上，丛枝菌根真菌群落的演替依赖于区域元群落繁殖体的扩散和当地植物伴侣的供应。我们在1998年建造的人工岛屿Peberholm上跟踪了2010年至2016年AM真菌群落的演变。我们使用元条形码调查AM真菌群落。演替早期，AM真菌群落呈现出孢子类群比例高、优势度强的特征，与群落初始组成中由分散驱动的质量效应一致。随着时间的推移，产孢类群的流行率下降，有更多的类群出现，全岛水平的β多样性增加。这一模式表明，AM群落正逐渐向更具确定性的组合方向转变，其中生物相互作用和环境过滤发挥更大的作用，导致AM群落对非生物条件和植物群落的响应具有更高的空间分异。

引用次数: 0

Endophytic fungal diversity within galls induced by Asphondylia borrichiae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and their surrounding host tissues (Borrichia frutescens and Iva frutescens) 白桦圆蚧（双翅目：绢蚧科）及其周围寄主组织（白僵菌和白僵菌）诱导的瘿内内生真菌多样性

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101441

Shannon L. Sharpe, Dale Casamatta, Anthony Rossi

Asphondylia borrichiae gall midges deposit endophytic fungi (EF) during oviposition. However, their fungal associations, EF diversity across host plants, and potential interactions between them all remain poorly understood. Galls and tissues from two hosts (Borrichia frutescens and Iva frutescens) were surveyed to catalog and compare EF diversity. Molecular sequencing (ITS 1–4) and culturing identified 21 fungal genera: 95.6 % Ascomycota and 4.4 % Basidiomycota. Fusarium spp. were isolated from all sample sets (36–63 % relative abundance), while Botryosphaeria dothidea (9–11 %), Cladosporium sp. (11–13 %), Alternaria sp. (4 %), and Clonostachys sp. (2–6 %) were most abundant in gall samples. Botryosphaeria dothidea was found in both gall-lining and non-gall tissues of B. frutescens. Gall EF diversity was significantly higher in B. frutescens (p < 0.000573). Future research should explore how host-switching or post-associational barriers might influence EF transmission or communities. Further understanding these associations will inform broader studies on EF distributions and myco-phytophagous insect life cycles.

白桦瘿蚊在产卵过程中沉积内生真菌。然而，它们的真菌关联、寄主植物间EF的多样性以及它们之间潜在的相互作用仍然知之甚少。对两种寄主（Borrichia frutescens和Iva frutescens）的虫瘿和组织进行了调查，分类并比较了其多样性。分子测序（ITS 1-4）和培养鉴定出21个真菌属，其中子囊菌属95.6%，担子菌属4.4%。所有样品中均分离到镰刀菌（镰刀菌），相对丰度为36 - 63%，而在胆样品中最富集的是Botryosphaeria dothidea（9 - 11%）、Cladosporium sp.（11 - 13%）、Alternaria sp.（4%）和Clonostachys sp.（2 - 6%）。在果菇的胆壁组织和非胆壁组织中均发现了斑点球孢菌。果子露的胆酸多样性显著高于其他植物(p <；0.000573)。未来的研究应该探索宿主转换或关联后障碍如何影响EF传播或社区。进一步了解这些关联将有助于更广泛地研究EF分布和真菌-植食性昆虫的生命周期。

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引用次数: 0

Sources of variation in foliar endophytic fungal communities in a unique bog system, Hokkaido, Japan 日本北海道独特沼泽系统叶面内生真菌群落变异的来源

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101442

Ayuka Iwakiri , Tsubasa Nakagawa , Norihisa Matsushita , Roger T. Koide , Yasushi Hashimoto

Plants harbor diverse foliar endophytic fungi (FEF). Host species is a major determinant of FEF community structure. When considering the host effect on FEF communities, however, it is often challenging to minimize the effects from the variability of other biotic and abiotic environmental factors. In this study, we focused on a bog system to study the host–FEF community relationship, where four woody plant species of almost identical size are codistributed on small hummocks. FEF community structure did significantly differ among the four host species. It was also suggested that host phylogenetic relatedness may partially explain FEF community structure. Indicator species analysis indicated that around 10 % OTUs were host-specific, and analyses using FungalTraits showed that most are plant pathogens. Overall, foliar endophytic fungi appear to be filtered by host species, but determining the ecological roles of host-specific FEF will require further study.

植物有多种叶面内生真菌（FEF）。寄主种类是FEF群落结构的主要决定因素。然而，在考虑寄主对FEF群落的影响时，将其他生物和非生物环境因素的变异性的影响最小化往往是具有挑战性的。在本研究中，我们以一个沼泽系统为研究对象，研究了四种大小几乎相同的木本植物共同分布在小丘上的寄主- fef群落关系。4种寄主间FEF群落结构存在显著差异。宿主系统发育亲缘关系可能部分解释了FEF的群落结构。指示种分析表明，大约10%的otu是宿主特异性的，FungalTraits分析显示大多数是植物病原体。总体而言，叶面内生真菌似乎被寄主物种过滤，但确定寄主特异性FEF的生态作用将需要进一步研究。

引用次数: 0

Effects of fungicide application on the foliar endophytic fungi of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) 杀菌剂对苏格兰松叶面内生真菌的影响

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101438

Joanne E. Taylor , Karsten Schönrogge , Anna Oliver , Stephen Cavers , Joan Cottrell , Annika Perry , Melanie Gibbs , Richard Ennos

Following fungicide treatment of young Scots pine trees in Scotland targeted at Dothistroma septosporum, foliar fungal endophytic communities were investigated with culture-based methods and metabarcoding of cDNA. Compared to negative controls, application of fungicides resulted in significant reductions in the size and diversity of endophytic communities with alterations to their taxonomic composition. While most taxa showed reductions in frequency and abundance across samples, Anthostomella pinea and a Preussia sp. temporarily increased. Thirteen taxa were identified using culturing, compared to 569 by metabarcoding (with 41 taxa accounting for 89.4 % of the total reads). Dothistroma septosporum and the reportedly unculturable Lophodermella conjuncta both contributed significantly to differences observed using metabarcoding but occurred at low levels or were absent, respectively, in the culture-based study. The persistent effects we observed of fungicides on the endophytic fungal community have possible practical implications for management of tree seedlings in the nursery.

在对苏格兰幼松进行杀菌剂处理后，采用基于培养的方法和cDNA元条形码技术对其叶面真菌内生群落进行了研究。与阴性对照相比，施用杀菌剂导致内生菌群落的大小和多样性显著减少，并改变了它们的分类组成。虽然大多数分类群的频率和丰度在整个样本中都有所下降，但菠萝anththostomella pinea和a Preussia sp.暂时增加。通过培养鉴定出13个分类群，元条形码鉴定出569个分类群（其中41个分类群占总reads的89.4%）。使用元条形码观察到，Dothistroma septosporum和据报道不可培养的Lophodermella conjuncta都对差异有显著贡献，但在基于培养的研究中，它们的水平很低或不存在。我们观察到的杀菌剂对内生真菌群落的持续影响可能对苗圃中树苗的管理具有实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of tree diversity and neighborhood on phyllosphere fungal communities 树木多样性和邻域对层球真菌群落的影响

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101440

Michael Köhler , Georg Hähn , Maarten Kanitz , Olga Ferlian , Nico Eisenhauer , Tesfaye Wubet , Helge Bruelheide

Phyllosphere fungi, encompassing both epiphytic and endophytic fungi, have rarely been studied along gradients of host diversity. In this study, we used a tree biodiversity experiment to investigate how tree species richness, host and neighboring species identities, and host-mycorrhizal association affect the richness and composition of the whole phyllosphere community as well as that considering epiphytes and endophytes separately. To distinguish epiphytes from endophytes, we employed a leaf-surface sterilization treatment. Richness and composition of the mycobiome were quantified using next-generation amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed that tree species richness affected only the overall phyllosphere fungal community, not endophytes alone, suggesting that neighborhood effects predominantly influence fungi on the leaf cuticle. Neighborhood effects were only detectable in the phyllosphere as a whole and not within endophyte and epiphyte communities. Fungal community composition was shaped by host species identity, tree richness, host mycorrhizal type and the combination of mycorrhizal types at the plot level. This study underlines the importance of analyzing epiphytes and endophytes separately and highlights the necessity of using leaf-surface sterilization when examining phyllosphere fungal communities.

层球真菌包括附生真菌和内生真菌，很少沿着寄主多样性梯度进行研究。在本研究中，我们通过树木生物多样性实验研究了树种丰富度、寄主和邻近物种身份以及寄主-菌根关联如何影响整个层圈群落的丰富度和组成，以及分别考虑附生和内生真菌的影响。为了区分附生植物和内生植物，我们采用了叶片表面灭菌处理。利用新一代扩增子测序对真菌群落的丰富度和组成进行了量化。研究结果表明，树木物种丰富度仅影响整个叶层真菌群落，而不仅仅是内生真菌，这表明邻域效应主要影响叶角质层真菌。邻域效应仅在整个层层中存在，而在内生菌和附生菌群落中不存在。在样地水平上，真菌群落组成受寄主物种身份、树木丰富度、寄主菌根类型和菌根类型组合的影响。本研究强调了分别分析附生菌和内生菌的重要性，并强调了在检测层球真菌群落时使用叶表面灭菌的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Six years later: Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities recovering after the end of long-term nitrogen and sulfur addition in a mixed-species temperate North American forest 六年后：在北美温带混合物种森林中，长期氮和硫添加结束后，外生菌根真菌群落恢复

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101436

Peter G. Avis , Lucia Liet Goldman , Joseph E. Carrara , Ivan Fernandez

We examined how ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities of a North American mixed species temperate forest recovered from 26 years of experimental nitrogen and sulfur addition. We used Illumina-based metabarcoding of the ribosomal DNA ITS region to compare the ECM fungal communities in soil samples collected at the end (in 2016) and six years after (in 2022) the conclusion of the Bear Brook Watershed Experiment, Maine, USA, a 26 year ammonium-sulfate addition study conducted in adjacent ∼10 ha treated and reference watersheds. Six years after the experiment ended, ECM fungal species richness in the treated watershed returned to reference watershed levels with a significant increase by Cortinarius, a nitrophobic genus. In addition, the ECM fungal community composition of the treated watershed was significantly different six years after the experiment ended. Because this forest is in a region of historically low nitrogen deposition, this study establishes a baseline for the study of recovery in other regions where nitrogen deposition is higher and more widespread.

我们研究了北美温带混合种森林的外生菌根（ECM）真菌群落如何从26年的实验氮和硫添加中恢复。我们使用基于illumina的核糖体DNA ITS区域元条形码，比较了美国缅因州贝尔布鲁克流域实验结束后（2016年）和6年后（2022年）收集的土壤样品中的ECM真菌群落，这是一项为期26年的硫酸铵添加研究，在相邻的~ 10公顷处理过的流域和参考流域进行。实验结束6年后，处理过的流域ECM真菌种类丰富度恢复到参考流域水平，其中疏氮属（Cortinarius）显著增加。实验结束6年后，处理流域ECM真菌群落组成差异显著。由于该森林位于历史上氮沉降较低的地区，因此本研究为研究氮沉降较高且分布更广的其他地区的恢复建立了基线。

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引用次数: 0

The emergence of fungal ethology as a distinctive discipline in mycology 真菌行为学作为真菌学中一门独特学科的出现

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101437

Yu Fukasawa , Kristin Aleklett Kadish

引用次数: 0

Carbon allocation shifts during fungal mycelial competition under the heat stress 热胁迫下真菌菌丝竞争过程中碳分配的变化

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101435

Yu Fukasawa, Satsuki Kimura

Wood-decaying basidiomycetes play crucial roles in global carbon cycling. The relative dominance of brown rot and white rot fungi, which vary with temperature, is key to understanding carbon sequestration in a changing environment. In this study, we measured changes in carbon allocation between brown and white rot fungi under heat stress to assess the outcome of their competition. After 25 days of incubation in liquid media, heat stress reduced hyphal biomass and increased CO₂ emissions in both Neolentinus (brown rot) and Trichaptum (white rot) strains. However, carbon allocation to metabolite production and unknown fractions shifted markedly in Trichaptum strains under heat stress, whereas changes in Neolentinus strains were less pronounced. Competition between Neolentinus and Trichaptum shifted from a deadlock at optimal temperature to Neolentinus's dominance under heat stress. These findings suggest that Neolentinus is more heat-tolerant compared to Trichaptum, maintaining more stable metabolic activity under heat stress.

木材腐烂担子菌在全球碳循环中起着至关重要的作用。褐腐菌和白腐菌的相对优势随着温度的变化而变化，这是了解变化环境中碳固存的关键。在这项研究中，我们测量了热胁迫下褐腐菌和白腐菌之间碳分配的变化，以评估它们竞争的结果。在液体培养基中培养25天后，热胁迫降低了Neolentinus（褐腐病）和Trichaptum（白腐病）菌株菌丝生物量，增加了CO2排放量。然而，在热胁迫下，Trichaptum菌株对代谢物生产和未知组分的碳分配发生了显著变化，而Neolentinus菌株的变化则不太明显。Neolentinus和Trichaptum之间的竞争从最佳温度下的僵局转变为热胁迫下Neolentinus的优势。这些发现表明，与毛haptum相比，Neolentinus具有更强的耐热性，在热胁迫下保持更稳定的代谢活性。

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of soil fungal communities using the ITS2 sublocus and 18S gene primers under different amplification methods 利用ITS2亚位点和18S基因引物对不同扩增方法下土壤真菌群落的评价

IF 1.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Fungal Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2025.101425

Godar Sene , Chinedu C. Obieze , Obinna T. Ezeokoli , Brian Boyle , Ali M. Quoreshi , Damase P. Khasa

Primer selection and PCR methods can potentially lead to biased descriptions of microbial communities. Here, we investigated soil total fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition and diversity from diverse sites using several primers and amplification methods. The results showed that regardless of site, the ITS3tagmix1-5/ITS4ngs primer set generated a higher proportion of high-quality reads, targeted more fungal ASVs and revealed a higher total fungal alpha diversity compared to ITS3tagmix4/ITS4ngs. Among specific primers targeting the 18S rRNA gene, AMV4.5NF/AMDGR had differential specificity for Glomeraceae, whereas SSU515Fngs/Euk742R had differential specificity for Paraglomeraceae. Regardless of site, PCR approaches (nested vs non-nested) had higher influence on the AMF community structure than primer selection, though primer selection significantly influenced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi richness. Overall, the findings suggest that the specificity of amplification in relation to primer selection and PCR stringency should guide the best interpretation of fungal community diversity data from high-throughput sequencing of environmental samples.

引物选择和PCR方法可能会导致对微生物群落的有偏见的描述。利用引物和扩增方法，研究了不同地点土壤总真菌和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的群落组成和多样性。结果表明，无论在哪个位点，与ITS3tagmix4/ITS4ngs相比，ITS3tagmix1-5/ITS4ngs引物组产生的高质量reads比例更高，靶向的真菌asv更多，并且显示出更高的真菌α多样性。在针对18S rRNA基因的特异性引物中，AMV4.5NF/AMDGR对肾小球科具有差异特异性，而ssu515fings /Euk742R对Paraglomeraceae具有差异特异性。尽管引物选择对丛枝菌根真菌丰富度有显著影响，但无论在何种位点，PCR方法（巢式与非巢式）对AMF群落结构的影响都高于引物选择。总体而言，研究结果表明，扩增的特异性与引物选择和PCR的严格性有关，应该指导环境样品高通量测序中真菌群落多样性数据的最佳解释。

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