Evolution and Human Behavior最新文献_第10页

Evolution of psychopathy in the public goods game with institutional redistribution of resources 资源制度性再分配下公共物品博弈中精神病的演化

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106771

Dražen Domijan , Janko Međedović

Following the model of Testori et al. (2022), we examined the dynamics of the evolution of psychopathy in the public goods game that incorporates both punishing psychopaths (selfish/manipulative risk-taking agents) and rewarding cooperators (generous, risk-averse agents). We systematically varied the mortality of psychopathic phenotypes, and the community cost they inflict on society in an abundant or harsh environment in order to check how they affect population size and the proportion of psychopathic agents in the population. Our aim was to determine which combination of mechanisms for the redistribution of resources enables the model to converge to the solution where the percentage of psychopathic individuals in the population is very low, consistent with empirical estimates on human populations. Model simulations revealed several notable results. Firstly, a low frequency of psychopathy emerges: 1) if psychopathic phenotypes have a high mortality rate; and 2) if society not only punishes psychopaths but actively rewards generous individuals. Secondly, psychopathy showed higher fitness in scarce environments and small-sized populations; the latter result is incongruent with existing theories about the association between population size and the adaptive potential of psychopathy. Hence, the proposed model highlights, in addition to punishment of psychopaths, the societal reward for cooperative individuals as the crucial socioecological condition that maintains the frequency of psychopathic phenotypes at a low level.

根据Testori等人（2022）的模型，我们研究了公共物品博弈中精神病患者进化的动态，该博弈既包括惩罚精神病患者（自私/操纵的冒险行为者），也包括奖励合作者（慷慨、厌恶风险的行为者）。我们系统地改变了精神病态表型的死亡率，以及它们在丰富或恶劣的环境中对社会造成的社区成本，以检查它们如何影响人口规模和人口中精神病态因子的比例。我们的目的是确定资源再分配的哪种机制组合能够使模型收敛于解决方案，在该解决方案中，精神病患者在人口中的百分比非常低，与对人口的经验估计一致。模型模拟揭示了几个值得注意的结果。首先，出现精神病的低频率：1)如果精神病表型具有高死亡率；2)如果社会不仅惩罚精神病患者，而且积极奖励慷慨的个人。第二，精神病态在稀缺环境和小群体中表现出较高的适应度；后者的结果与现有的关于群体规模与精神病适应潜力之间关系的理论不一致。因此，该模型强调，除了对精神病患者的惩罚之外，对合作个体的社会奖励是维持精神病表型频率在低水平上的关键社会生态条件。

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引用次数: 0

Creating connection: greeting and leave-taking behavior in nonhuman primates 建立联系：非人类灵长类动物的问候和告别行为

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106772

Lydia M. Hopper

Nonhuman primates create and maintain strong, positive social relationships with others. I examine the behaviors primates show when greeting their kin and allies, and how such greetings mirror embracing and kissing seen when humans are reunited or resolve conflict in order to maintain affiliative relationships. While physical contact during greeting creates opportunities for disease transmission and injury, it also helps to build and maintain social bonds and supports individuals when they reconcile and reunite. I also consider whether, like humans, primates also show leave-taking behaviors and if these are mediated by their relationship or the known duration of a loved one's upcoming absence. While there is clear evidence that primates do greet each other with physical touch and vocalizations, less is known about their leave-taking behavior. There has been a lack of study effort investigating leave-taking as compared to greeting behavior, and because proposed leave-taking interactions are more subtle than greetings further limits our ability to identify and track potential leave taking in nonhuman primates. I close with considerations of primates' responses to death – the most permanent departure. Disease and death disrupt social interactions both directly and indirectly and while human cultures have clear social rituals in response to death, there is a growing body of work demonstrating that primates also respond to the death of groupmates in distinct ways and that there are differential responses to the deaths of adult group members to those of infants.

非人类灵长类动物与他人建立并维持牢固、积极的社会关系。我研究了灵长类动物在问候亲属和盟友时所表现出的行为，以及这种问候是如何反映人类在团聚或为了维持亲密关系而解决冲突时所看到的拥抱和亲吻的。虽然问候期间的身体接触为疾病传播和伤害创造了机会，但它也有助于建立和维持社会纽带，并在个人和解和团聚时为他们提供支持。我还考虑灵长类动物是否也会像人类一样表现出告别行为，以及这些行为是否受到它们之间的关系或所爱的人即将离开的已知时间的影响。虽然有明确的证据表明灵长类动物确实会用身体接触和发声来问候对方，但对它们的道别行为知之甚少。与问候行为相比，对道别行为的研究一直缺乏，而且由于提议的道别互动比问候更微妙，这进一步限制了我们识别和追踪非人类灵长类动物潜在道别行为的能力。最后，我考虑了灵长类动物对死亡的反应——最永久的离开。疾病和死亡直接或间接地破坏了社会互动，虽然人类文化对死亡有明确的社会仪式，但越来越多的研究表明，灵长类动物对群体成员死亡的反应方式也不同，对成年群体成员死亡的反应与对婴儿死亡的反应不同。

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引用次数: 0

Women's intrasexual competitiveness, but not fertility, predicts greater competitive behavior toward attractive women across the menstrual cycle 女性的性内竞争力，而不是生育能力，预示着在整个月经周期中，她们对漂亮女性的竞争行为更强

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106760

Jaime L. Palmer-Hague, Jade S. Stobbart, Benjamin J. Zubaly

Women compete for mates and social status, but little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these behaviors. Previous work suggests that mating competition should be most intense when women are fertile; thus, we hypothesized that women would exhibit more competitive behavior toward a high, rather than low, mating threat competitor during ovulation compared to other menstrual phases. Additionally, given that social support is crucial for women's access to resources and therefore offspring survival, we hypothesized that women would exhibit more competitive behavior toward a high, rather than low, social threat competitor following ovulation and possible conception. We tested 464 women recruited through social networking sites, psychology classes, and Prolific. Each rated their likelihood of exhibiting competitive behavior toward hypothetical mating and social competitors. Although women were more competitive toward the high, compared to low, mating and social threat competitors, there were no effects of cycle phase. Further, we found that intrasexual competitiveness, but not estimated hormones or other personality variables, predicted stronger competitive responses to the high mating threat competitor. We found no effects for social competitors. Together, these results suggest that in mating contexts, women's competition is dependent on individual tendency toward competition with other women, not fertility.

女性为配偶和社会地位而竞争，但人们对这些行为背后的机制知之甚少。先前的研究表明，当女性处于生育期时，交配竞争应该是最激烈的；因此，我们假设与其他月经期相比，女性在排卵期会表现出更多的竞争行为，而不是对交配威胁低的竞争对手。此外，考虑到社会支持对女性获得资源和后代生存至关重要，我们假设女性在排卵和可能受孕后，会对高社会威胁的竞争对手表现出更多的竞争行为，而不是低社会威胁的竞争对手。我们测试了通过社交网站、心理学课程和多产网站招募的464名女性。每个人都评估了他们对假想的配偶和社会竞争对手表现出竞争行为的可能性。尽管女性在追求高品质的竞争对手时比追求低品质的竞争对手更有竞争力，但生理周期并没有影响。此外，我们发现性内竞争，而不是估计激素或其他人格变量，预测对高交配威胁竞争者的更强竞争反应。我们没有发现对社会竞争者的影响。总之，这些结果表明，在交配环境中，女性的竞争取决于与其他女性竞争的个人倾向，而不是生育能力。

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引用次数: 0

Equivalence, causality, and cultural evolution 对等，因果关系和文化进化

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106755

Pat Barclay, Oliver Twardus

Baumard and André's (2025) ecological approach presents a compelling perspective on cultural evolution. Although it may appear as an alternative to Dual Inheritance Theory, we argue that these theories need not be in opposition to one another. If anything, the ecological approach may have greater causal validity – although future research is necessary to determine whether this is the case.

Baumard和andr(2025)的生态方法提出了一个令人信服的文化进化视角。虽然它可能看起来是双重继承理论的另一种选择，但我们认为这些理论不一定是相互对立的。如果有的话，生态学方法可能有更大的因果有效性——尽管需要未来的研究来确定情况是否如此。

引用次数: 0

Decreased sexual motivation during the human implantation window 在人类植入期间性动机降低

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106761

James R. Roney , Zachary L. Simmons , Mei Mei , Rachel L. Grillot , Melissa Emery Thompson

The implantation window denotes cycle days when the endometrium is receptive to an implanting blastocyst. Research supports increased risk of some types of sexually transmitted infections at this time due to local immunosuppression that facilitates the implantation process. This heightened infection risk may have selected for downregulation of sexual motivation within the mid-luteal phase days that comprise the human window of implantation. Here, using data from three large, daily diary studies (N > 2500 observations) among undergraduate participants, we tested whether measures of women's sexual motivation were dampened during the implantation window. Multi-level regression analyses on the combined sample demonstrated significant drops in multiple measures of sexual motivation within the estimated implantation window relative to other cycle regions. Furthermore, for most measures, sexual motivation was significantly lower during the implantation window relative to non-menstrual cycle days outside the fertile window, such that mid-luteal drops in desire and behavior were not statistical artifacts of elevations in sexual motivation during the fertile window. These findings are consistent with evolved, functional responses to temporal fluctuations in infection risk that may help to explain cycle phase shifts in human sexual motivation.

着床窗口表示子宫内膜接受着床囊胚的周期天数。研究表明，由于局部免疫抑制促进了植入过程，因此此时某些类型的性传播感染的风险增加。这种较高的感染风险可能选择了在黄体中期（包括人类植入窗口）的性动机下调。在这里，我们使用来自三个大型的、每日日记研究的数据（N >； 2500观察），在大学生参与者中，我们测试了女性性动机的测量是否在植入窗口期间受到抑制。对联合样本的多水平回归分析表明，相对于其他周期区域，在估计的植入窗口内，性动机的多项测量显着下降。此外，在大多数测量中，植入窗口期间的性动机明显低于受孕窗口以外的非月经周期，因此黄体中期性欲和行为的下降并不是受孕窗口期间性动机升高的统计产物。这些发现与进化的，对感染风险的时间波动的功能性反应是一致的，这可能有助于解释人类性动机的周期相移。

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引用次数: 0

Social structure, cultural selection and the limits of adaptive plasticity: a response to Baumard and André 社会结构、文化选择和适应性可塑性的限制：对鲍玛和安德罗的回应

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106753

Alexandra Alvergne

引用次数: 0

Bismarckian welfare revisited: Fear of being violently dispossessed motivates support for redistribution 重温俾斯麦式的福利：对暴力剥夺的恐惧促使人们支持再分配

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106754

Daniel Sznycer , Timothy C. Bates

Resource transfers among individuals can be driven by selfish, altruistic, competitive, or prudential motives. Here, we focus on prudence, specifically the propitiation of aggressive individuals or coalitions to avoid injurious loss. Across the animal kingdom, choosing to cede a resource to a stronger or needier individual is often more advantageous than losing the resource while also being harmed in the process. If the modern human skull houses a Stone Age mind, this ancient motive—though perhaps irrelevant in modern societies with legal enforcement of property rights—might still be at work. In domestic politics, the game-theoretic logic of appeasement is encapsulated in the quip, “If there is to be revolution, we would rather make it than suffer it,” attributed to Otto von Bismarck, the father of the modern welfare state. Are people intuitive Bismarckians? Across three studies in the United Kingdom and the United States—two with nationally representative samples and one preregistered (total N = 1911)—we observed robust associations between fear of being violently dispossessed and support for progressive redistribution. These associations were substantial and persisted even after controlling for other motives previously linked to redistribution, including self-interest, compassion, malicious envy, coercive egalitarianism, and proportionality, as well as political orientation. By elucidating the psychological mechanisms underpinning resource transfers, these findings advance our understanding of why individuals support redistribution in complex societies.

个人之间的资源转移可能受到自私、利他、竞争或审慎动机的驱动。在这里，我们关注的是谨慎，特别是安抚攻击性的个人或联盟，以避免伤害性损失。在整个动物王国中，选择将资源割让给更强大或更有需求的个体通常比在失去资源的同时受到伤害更有利。如果现代人的头盖骨拥有石器时代的思维，那么这种古老的动机——尽管在现代法律强制执行产权的社会中可能无关紧要——可能仍然在起作用。在国内政治中，姑息政策的博弈论逻辑被归结为一句俏皮话：“如果要发生革命，我们宁愿制造革命，也不愿忍受革命。”这句话出自现代福利国家之父奥托•冯•俾斯麦（Otto von Bismarck）之口。人们是直观的俾斯麦人吗？在英国和美国的三项研究中——两项具有全国代表性的样本和一项预先登记的样本（总N = 1911）——我们观察到对暴力剥夺的恐惧和对渐进式再分配的支持之间存在强烈的联系。即使在控制了之前与再分配相关的其他动机（包括自利、同情、恶意嫉妒、强制性平均主义、比例以及政治取向）之后，这些关联仍然是实质性的，并且持续存在。通过阐明支持资源转移的心理机制，这些发现促进了我们对复杂社会中个人支持再分配的原因的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Willingness to protect from violence, independent of strength, guides partner choice 不受暴力侵害的意愿，独立于力量，指导着伴侣的选择

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106745

Michael Barlev , Sakura Arai , John Tooby , Leda Cosmides

Ancestrally, physical violence from conspecifics was a recurrent adaptive problem. Did selection favor preferences for partners who are both strong (highly able) and willing to protect us from violence? Strength and willingness are interrelated, so dissociating their effects is necessary. Here we assessed both inferences and preferences. In 7 experiments (N = 4,508 U.S. adults recruited via MTurk), we systematically varied the willingness of a date or friend to physically protect you from an attack, compared to scenarios where you do not have this information. We also varied that person's strength. Discovering that a person is willing to protect greatly increased their attractiveness as a romantic partner or friend, regardless of their strength. This held for both women and men raters, and when evaluating both opposite- and same-sex dates and friends. In fact, partners who were willing to protect were attractive even if they tried to do so but failed, and even if you were harmed because of their failure. Discovering that a partner is unwilling to protect decreased their attractiveness, and was a deal-breaker for women evaluating a male date. Unwillingness decreased attractiveness more when the rater was a woman, when the target was a man, and when the target was being evaluated as a date versus friend. Women placed some importance on a male date's strength, but this was mostly due to inferences about his willingness to protect them. Surprisingly, we found only weak evidence that differences in strength, independent of willingness, increased the attractiveness of a partner.

从古至今，来自同种动物的身体暴力是一个反复出现的适应性问题。选择是否倾向于那些既强壮（能力强）又愿意保护我们免受暴力侵害的伴侣？力量和意愿是相互关联的，因此将它们的影响分离是必要的。在这里，我们评估了推论和偏好。在7个实验中（通过MTurk招募的4508名美国成年人），我们系统地改变了约会对象或朋友保护你免受攻击的意愿，与你没有这些信息的情况相比。我们还改变了那个人的力量。发现一个人愿意保护大大增加了他们作为浪漫伴侣或朋友的吸引力，无论他们的力量如何。这对女性和男性评分者都适用，在评估异性和同性约会对象和朋友时也适用。事实上，愿意保护你的伴侣是有吸引力的，即使他们试图这样做但失败了，即使你因为他们的失败而受到伤害。发现伴侣不愿意保护会降低他们的吸引力，这是女性评估男性约会对象时的一大障碍。当评价者是女性、被评价者是男性、被评价者是约会对象还是朋友时，不情愿更能降低吸引力。女性对男性约会对象的力量有一定的重视，但这主要是由于推断他愿意保护她们。令人惊讶的是，我们发现只有微弱的证据表明，力量的差异，独立于意愿，增加了伴侣的吸引力。

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引用次数: 0

The role of testosterone in odor-based perceptions of social status 睾酮在基于气味的社会地位感知中的作用

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106752

Marlise K. Hofer , Tianqi Peng , Jennifer C. Lay , Frances S. Chen

Awareness of the social status of conspecifics is crucial for members of social species, including humans. Given that testosterone is thought to promote status motivation in humans and may also alter body odor, the present study investigates whether perceptions of social status can be influenced by body odor cues associated with testosterone. Male scent donors (N = 74) provided salivary testosterone samples and scent samples from worn T-shirts. Raters (N = 797) smelled the worn shirts and provided ratings of the odor quality and the perceived social status of the wearer (i.e., perceived dominance, perceived prestige). Scent donors' self-rated dominance and prestige, as well as raters' perceptions of prestige, were not significantly associated with scent donor's testosterone levels. However, raters' perceptions of dominance were positively associated with the scent donors' testosterone levels. These findings suggest that hormonally based odor cues contribute to perceptions of dominance and may serve as one channel through which information about social status and personality is communicated.

同种动物的社会地位意识对包括人类在内的社会物种成员至关重要。鉴于睾酮被认为可以促进人类的地位动机，并可能改变体臭，本研究调查了对社会地位的感知是否会受到与睾酮相关的体臭线索的影响。男性气味供体（N = 74）提供了唾液睾酮样本和穿过的t恤的气味样本。评分者（N = 797）闻到穿过的衬衫，并提供气味质量和穿着者感知到的社会地位（即感知到的支配地位，感知到的声望）的评级。气味供者自评的支配地位和声望，以及评分者对声望的感知，与气味供者的睾丸激素水平没有显著关联。然而，评分者的支配感与气味供体的睾丸激素水平呈正相关。这些发现表明，基于激素的气味线索有助于感知支配地位，并可能作为社会地位和个性信息交流的一个渠道。

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引用次数: 0

Are heritable individual differences just genetic noise? What the architecture of quantitative traits says about their evolution 可遗传的个体差异只是基因噪音吗？数量性状的结构说明了它们的进化

IF 3.2 1区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Evolution and Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106757

Marco Del Giudice

The evolution of heritable individual differences (for example in personality, cognition, and the risk for psychopathology) is the subject of a long-running debate between proponents of adaptive and non-adaptive explanations. Newly available genomic data show that most quantitative traits conform to what I label the “default genetic architecture,” characterized by extreme polygenicity with contributions from both common and rare variants, with large-effect variants that tend to be rarer and younger than small-effect ones. Furthermore, targeted tests of balancing selection return largely null or negative results. These findings indicate widespread purifying selection at the genetic level; they have led some scholars to argue that heritable individual differences are essentially non-adaptive or maladaptive, and that evolutionary hypotheses that invoke balancing selection are inconsistent with the data. Here I show that this strong interpretation is not warranted. I distinguish between four questions about the evolution of heritable individual differences, and explain why the data do not support sweeping inferences about their adaptive function (or lack thereof). I also discuss why tests of balancing selection are much less informative than is often believed. While the pervasive role of purifying selection is beyond dispute, the default architecture of complex traits is potentially compatible with a broad range of evolutionary scenarios, including scenarios in which heritable individual differences can be adaptive and functional rather than just manifestations of neutral/maladaptive noise.

遗传个体差异的进化（例如人格、认知和精神病理学风险）是适应性解释和非适应性解释的支持者之间长期争论的主题。新获得的基因组数据表明，大多数数量性状符合我所说的“默认遗传结构”，其特征是极端的多基因性，常见和罕见的变异都有贡献，大效应变异往往比小效应变异更罕见，更年轻。此外，平衡选择的目标测试返回大部分为零或阴性结果。这些发现表明在遗传水平上存在广泛的净化选择；他们导致一些学者认为，遗传的个体差异本质上是不适应或不适应的，而援引平衡选择的进化假设与数据不一致。在这里，我要说明这种强烈的解释是没有根据的。我区分了关于遗传个体差异进化的四个问题，并解释了为什么这些数据不支持关于它们的适应功能（或缺乏适应功能）的全面推论。我还讨论了为什么平衡选择测试的信息量比通常认为的要少得多。虽然净化选择的普遍作用是无可争议的，但复杂性状的默认结构可能与广泛的进化情景相兼容，包括可遗传的个体差异可能具有适应性和功能性的情景，而不仅仅是中性/不适应噪声的表现。

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引用次数: 0