Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101385
Li Xin , Chen Han-qing , Liu Chen-yang , Su Dong , Chen Xiang-sheng , He Bo-hu , Shen Xiang
Geological radar is the primary nondestructive testing method for evaluating shallow subgrade defects. However, the radar atlas contains a large amount of information, and the efficiency of manual data interpretation and processing is low. In this study, the characteristics of radar maps of different defects were analyzed via forward simulation using finite-difference time-domain technology. The instantaneous characteristic information of different defect maps was integrated using map post-processing technology to improve recognition and translation accuracy. Finally, the convolution neural network algorithm was used to conduct data recognition to achieve the intelligent recognition of subgrade defects with an average detection accuracy of 73.93 % based on the radar subgrade defect atlas dataset, and the results were practically verified. The results show that the developed approach can accurately distinguish subgrade shallow defect information in the radar atlas. This approach is useful for accurate and efficient identification of latent highway defects.
{"title":"Radar forward modeling and intelligent identification of shallow subgrade defects","authors":"Li Xin , Chen Han-qing , Liu Chen-yang , Su Dong , Chen Xiang-sheng , He Bo-hu , Shen Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological radar is the primary nondestructive testing method for evaluating shallow subgrade defects. However, the radar atlas contains a large amount of information, and the efficiency of manual data interpretation and processing is low. In this study, the characteristics of radar maps of different defects were analyzed via forward simulation using finite-difference time-domain technology. The instantaneous characteristic information of different defect maps was integrated using map post-processing technology to improve recognition and translation accuracy. Finally, the convolution neural network algorithm was used to conduct data recognition to achieve the intelligent recognition of subgrade defects with an average detection accuracy of 73.93 % based on the radar subgrade defect atlas dataset, and the results were practically verified. The results show that the developed approach can accurately distinguish subgrade shallow defect information in the radar atlas. This approach is useful for accurate and efficient identification of latent highway defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101402
Dechun Lu , Yihan Liu , Fanchao Kong , Xin He , Annan Zhou , Xiuli Du
Reasonable shield tunnelling parameters play a crucial role in controlling ground stability and enhancing tunnelling efficiency. Predicting shield tunnelling parameters before excavation is of paramount importance. A novel deep learning method is introduced, integrating bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) layers, and fully connected (FC) layers to fuse current and historical data for shield tunnelling parameters prediction. Historical data captures the impact of excavated sections on the current predicted ring, while current data considers present conditions. A feature fusion method eliminates dimensional differences between historical and current data. The resulting tensor, encompassing both data types, is fed into the FC layer to generate predictions. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by predicting shield cutter head torque for Qingdao Metro Line 4 in China, outperforming traditional Bi-LSTM, MLP and RF methods significantly. Ablation studies further analyze the impact of different component modules and structural parameters on model performance. Overall, this innovative approach offers accurate shield tunnelling parameters prediction, enhancing ground stability and tunnelling efficiency.
合理的盾构掘进参数对控制地面稳定性和提高掘进效率至关重要。在开挖前预测盾构隧道参数至关重要。本文介绍了一种新颖的深度学习方法，该方法整合了双向长短期记忆（Bi-LSTM）层和全连接（FC）层，将当前数据和历史数据融合在一起，用于盾构隧道参数预测。历史数据捕捉了挖掘断面对当前预测环的影响，而当前数据则考虑了当前条件。特征融合方法消除了历史数据和当前数据之间的维度差异。由此产生的包含两种数据类型的张量被输入 FC 层以生成预测结果。通过预测中国青岛地铁 4 号线的盾构刀头扭矩，证明了该方法的有效性，其性能明显优于传统的 Bi-LSTM、MLP 和 RF 方法。消融研究进一步分析了不同组件模块和结构参数对模型性能的影响。总之，这种创新方法可提供精确的盾构隧道参数预测，提高地面稳定性和隧道效率。
{"title":"A novel Bi-LSTM method fusing current and historical data for tunnelling parameters of shield tunnel","authors":"Dechun Lu , Yihan Liu , Fanchao Kong , Xin He , Annan Zhou , Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reasonable shield tunnelling parameters play a crucial role in controlling ground stability and enhancing tunnelling efficiency. Predicting shield tunnelling parameters before excavation is of paramount importance. A novel deep learning method is introduced, integrating bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) layers, and fully connected (FC) layers to fuse current and historical data for shield tunnelling parameters prediction. Historical data captures the impact of excavated sections on the current predicted ring, while current data considers present conditions. A feature fusion method eliminates dimensional differences between historical and current data. The resulting tensor, encompassing both data types, is fed into the FC layer to generate predictions. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by predicting shield cutter head torque for Qingdao Metro Line 4 in China, outperforming traditional Bi-LSTM, MLP and RF methods significantly. Ablation studies further analyze the impact of different component modules and structural parameters on model performance. Overall, this innovative approach offers accurate shield tunnelling parameters prediction, enhancing ground stability and tunnelling efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101403
Guowei Li , Li Xiong , Yang Zhou , Guanjun He , Guangyu Liu , Xinrong He
The pile-cap-beam-supported (PCBS) system can strength the soil arching effect of embankment, increase the lateral stiffness, bending resistance and vertical bearing capacity of the rigid pile, however there is no frictional soil arch model of PCBS embankment. In this paper, first a frictional arch model for PCBS embankment modified from Russell’s frictional arching model was proposed. The proposed model in this paper considers the algorithm of lateral pressure coefficient k and a changing critical height of soil arch. In this new method, the influence of pile spacing, filling properties, height and pile spacing on critical height soil arch was comprehensively considered. Second, a series of numerical cases were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and study the arching effect of PCBS embankment. By comparing the vertical stress and settlement between the theoretical and simulation results, the rationality of the proposed method to estimate the stress and critical height of arch was validated. The effectiveness of the proposed method was further validated by comparing loading efficacy to a reported case. Last, the stress and deformation of PCBS and pile-cap-supported (PCS) embankment were analyzed and the superiority of PCBS system in improving the performance of embankment was observed finally.
桩帽-梁支撑（PCBS）系统可以增强路堤的土拱效应，提高刚性桩的侧向刚度、抗弯强度和竖向承载力，但目前还没有 PCBS 路堤的摩擦土拱模型。本文首先在 Russell 摩擦起拱模型的基础上提出了 PCBS 路堤摩擦起拱模型。本文提出的模型考虑了侧压力系数 k 和土拱临界高度变化的算法。在这种新方法中，全面考虑了桩距、填土性质、高度和桩距对临界高度土拱的影响。其次，为了验证所提模型的有效性，并研究 PCBS 路堤的起拱效应，进行了一系列数值计算。通过比较理论和模拟结果之间的垂直应力和沉降，验证了所提方法估算拱应力和临界高度的合理性。通过将加载效果与报告案例进行对比，进一步验证了所提方法的有效性。最后，分析了 PCBS 和桩帽支撑（PCS）路堤的应力和变形，并最终观察到 PCBS 系统在改善路堤性能方面的优越性。
{"title":"A frictional arch model for pile-cap-beam-supported embankment","authors":"Guowei Li , Li Xiong , Yang Zhou , Guanjun He , Guangyu Liu , Xinrong He","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pile-cap-beam-supported (PCBS) system can strength the soil arching effect of embankment, increase the lateral stiffness, bending resistance and vertical bearing capacity of the rigid pile, however there is no frictional soil arch model of PCBS embankment. In this paper, first a frictional arch model for PCBS embankment modified from Russell’s frictional arching model was proposed. The proposed model in this paper considers the algorithm of lateral pressure coefficient <em>k</em> and a changing critical height of soil arch. In this new method, the influence of pile spacing, filling properties, height and pile spacing on critical height soil arch was comprehensively considered. Second, a series of numerical cases were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and study the arching effect of PCBS embankment. By comparing the vertical stress and settlement between the theoretical and simulation results, the rationality of the proposed method to estimate the stress and critical height of arch was validated. The effectiveness of the proposed method was further validated by comparing loading efficacy to a reported case. Last, the stress and deformation of PCBS and pile-cap-supported (PCS) embankment were analyzed and the superiority of PCBS system in improving the performance of embankment was observed finally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101399
Wengang Zhang , Xiangrong He , Qiang Xu , Luqi Wang , Xing Zhu , Peiqing Wang , Weixin Sun
Earthquakes are a primary factor in triggering slope instability and pose a serious threat to transportation. However, current research on the internal deformation of slopes under seismic loading remains limited. To investigate the effects of different seismic loadings on the evolution process and failure mode of slopes, a novel experiment combining transparent soil materials and shaking table tests was proposed in this study. Using a self-designed shaking table system, sine waves with amplitudes of 0.10 g, 0.15 g, and 0.20 g and frequencies of 3 Hz, 5 Hz, and 8 Hz were applied. Based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology and non-intrusive monitoring techniques, displacement and velocity contour maps, whole-field average displacement and failure mechanism of the slope were analyzed. The results show that, as the vibration persists, the slope transitions from initial shallow linear sliding to overall circular arc sliding, exhibiting an obvious progressive traction failure mode. The evolution process of the slope could be divided into three phases: shallow low-speed sliding phase, overall rapid sliding phase, and overall low-speed sliding phase. Furthermore, the amplitude of seismic loading has a greater influence on slope deformation compared to its frequency. This novel experiment offers important insights into the internal evolution process of slopes under seismic loading.
{"title":"Investigation on internal evolution process of slope under seismic loading: insights from a transparent soil test and shaking table test","authors":"Wengang Zhang , Xiangrong He , Qiang Xu , Luqi Wang , Xing Zhu , Peiqing Wang , Weixin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquakes are a primary factor in triggering slope instability and pose a serious threat to transportation. However, current research on the internal deformation of slopes under seismic loading remains limited. To investigate the effects of different seismic loadings on the evolution process and failure mode of slopes, a novel experiment combining transparent soil materials and shaking table tests was proposed in this study. Using a self-designed shaking table system, sine waves with amplitudes of 0.10 g, 0.15 g, and 0.20 g and frequencies of 3 Hz, 5 Hz, and 8 Hz were applied. Based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology and non-intrusive monitoring techniques, displacement and velocity contour maps, whole-field average displacement and failure mechanism of the slope were analyzed. The results show that, as the vibration persists, the slope transitions from initial shallow linear sliding to overall circular arc sliding, exhibiting an obvious progressive traction failure mode. The evolution process of the slope could be divided into three phases: shallow low-speed sliding phase, overall rapid sliding phase, and overall low-speed sliding phase. Furthermore, the amplitude of seismic loading has a greater influence on slope deformation compared to its frequency. This novel experiment offers important insights into the internal evolution process of slopes under seismic loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101401
Shuchen Wang , Longlong Fu , Haonan Xi , Yongjia Qiu , Shunhua Zhou
In desert regions, sand intrusion into the ballast bed is unavoidable, leading to a reduction in the elasticity of the ballast bed and posing potential risks to the service safety. Previous studies have focused on the behaviors of sandy ballast beds in 2D planes using discrete element method (DEM), where sand content is typically calculated utilizing sand areas within the ballast voids, different from that using sand volumes or mass in 3D space. Therefore, the impacts of sand content on the multiscale responses of the ballast bed are not fully addressed. In this paper, 3D full-scale half-sleeper models with various sand contents are established via DEM. Multiscale responses of sandy ballast bed obtained by laboratory tests are utilized to verify the reliability of established models. Simulation results show that macroscopically, sand intrusion increases the stiffness and consequently reduces the elasticity of the ballast bed. Microscopically, sand contaminant restricts the translational acceleration of ballast particles, while simultaneously intensifying the angular acceleration. In terms of particle contact, the anisotropy of the directional distribution of contact force among ballast particles is weakened by sand contaminant. Therefore, the inter-particle contact force among ballast particles becomes more uniform, particularly beneath the rail. A normalized parameter is proposed to quantify the filling effect of sand contaminant, based on which the relationships between multiscale dynamic responses and sand content are linearized. The linearization results indicate that the sand intrusion has more significant impacts on the multiscale responses of the ballast bed under higher loading magnitude.
在沙漠地区，沙粒侵入道碴床是不可避免的，这会导致道碴床弹性降低，并对服务安全构成潜在风险。以往的研究侧重于使用离散元素法（DEM）在二维平面上研究含沙道碴床的行为，其中含沙量通常是通过道碴空隙中的沙子面积计算得出的，与三维空间中使用沙子体积或质量计算得出的结果不同。因此，含沙量对道碴床多尺度响应的影响尚未得到充分解决。本文通过 DEM 建立了不同含沙量的三维全尺寸半卧铺模型。利用实验室试验获得的砂质道碴床多尺度响应来验证所建模型的可靠性。模拟结果表明，从宏观上看，沙子的侵入会增加刚度，从而降低道碴床的弹性。从微观上看，沙粒污染物限制了压载颗粒的平移加速度，同时也增大了角加速度。在颗粒接触方面，压载颗粒间接触力方向分布的各向异性因砂污染物而减弱。因此，道碴颗粒间的接触力变得更加均匀，尤其是在轨道下方。我们提出了一个归一化参数来量化砂污染的填充效应，并在此基础上对多尺度动态响应与含沙量之间的关系进行了线性化处理。线性化结果表明，在较高的荷载量级下，砂的侵入对道碴床的多尺度响应有更显著的影响。
{"title":"The influence of sand content on dynamic behaviors of ballast bed from a multiscale perspective","authors":"Shuchen Wang , Longlong Fu , Haonan Xi , Yongjia Qiu , Shunhua Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In desert regions, sand intrusion into the ballast bed is unavoidable, leading to a reduction in the elasticity of the ballast bed and posing potential risks to the service safety. Previous studies have focused on the behaviors of sandy ballast beds in 2D planes using discrete element method (DEM), where sand content is typically calculated utilizing sand areas within the ballast voids, different from that using sand volumes or mass in 3D space. Therefore, the impacts of sand content on the multiscale responses of the ballast bed are not fully addressed. In this paper, 3D full-scale half-sleeper models with various sand contents are established via DEM. Multiscale responses of sandy ballast bed obtained by laboratory tests are utilized to verify the reliability of established models. Simulation results show that macroscopically, sand intrusion increases the stiffness and consequently reduces the elasticity of the ballast bed. Microscopically, sand contaminant restricts the translational acceleration of ballast particles, while simultaneously intensifying the angular acceleration. In terms of particle contact, the anisotropy of the directional distribution of contact force among ballast particles is weakened by sand contaminant. Therefore, the inter-particle contact force among ballast particles becomes more uniform, particularly beneath the rail. A normalized parameter is proposed to quantify the filling effect of sand contaminant, based on which the relationships between multiscale dynamic responses and sand content are linearized. The linearization results indicate that the sand intrusion has more significant impacts on the multiscale responses of the ballast bed under higher loading magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101396
M. Irsad Ozkaynak , Yuksel Yilmaz
The resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade, which shows relationship between stress and unit deformation of a pavement systems under traffic loads, is a design parameter of the pavement structure. Although a cyclic triaxial test apparatus can be used to directly determine the MR of the subgrade in the laboratory, utilizing prediction models based on easily obtainable soil parameters, is a more efficient method when taking time and cost considerations into account. A comprehensive laboratory testing program is designed to create MR prediction models using machine learning (ML) algorithms. 70 undisturbed soil samples are subjected to MR tests, as well as physical and engineering soil properties tests (water content, field density, specific gravity, gradation, consistency limits, unconfined compressive strength, swell pressure, swell percentage). Soil samples are drilled from a highway that has been in operation for over five years.
First, a linear model like MLR is used in the study. Next, nonlinear regression models like RF, GBM, LightGBM, CatBoost, and XGBoost algorithms are used. Research findings showed that nonlinear regression models outperformed linear regression models in predicting the MR (R2 > 0.85), with the XGBoost algorithm yielding the best accuracy (R2 = 0.90). Apart from the primary effects such as confining pressure (σ3) and deviatoric stress (σd), it was found that unconfined compressive strength (qu), natural water content (wn), and swelling percentage (SR) are significant parameters in the prediction of MR among all parameters.
{"title":"Prediction of resilient modulus with pre-post experimental data of undisturbed subgrade soils using machine learning algorithms","authors":"M. Irsad Ozkaynak , Yuksel Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resilient modulus (M<sub>R</sub>) of subgrade, which shows relationship between stress and unit deformation of a pavement systems under traffic loads, is a design parameter of the pavement structure. Although a cyclic triaxial test apparatus can be used to directly determine the M<sub>R</sub> of the subgrade in the laboratory, utilizing prediction models based on easily obtainable soil parameters, is a more efficient method when taking time and cost considerations into account. A comprehensive laboratory testing program is designed to create M<sub>R</sub> prediction models using machine learning (ML) algorithms. 70 undisturbed soil samples are subjected to M<sub>R</sub> tests, as well as physical and engineering soil properties tests (water content, field density, specific gravity, gradation, consistency limits, unconfined compressive strength, swell pressure, swell percentage). Soil samples are drilled from a highway that has been in operation for over five years.</div><div>First, a linear model like MLR is used in the study. Next, nonlinear regression models like RF, GBM, LightGBM, CatBoost, and XGBoost algorithms are used. Research findings showed that nonlinear regression models outperformed linear regression models in predicting the M<sub>R</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.85), with the XGBoost algorithm yielding the best accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90). Apart from the primary effects such as confining pressure (σ<sub>3</sub>) and deviatoric stress (σ<sub>d</sub>), it was found that unconfined compressive strength (q<sub>u</sub>), natural water content (w<sub>n</sub>), and swelling percentage (SR) are significant parameters in the prediction of M<sub>R</sub> among all parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101398
Rodrigo Beck Saldanha, Victor Ferreira Nuñez, Andres Lotero, Nilo Cesar Consoli
Increasing construction on soils with low bearing capacity is a geotechnical challenge currently faced in several parts of the world. Highly compressible organic soils require intervention to improve their mechanical behavior. In this case, mass stabilization with binder is an applicable technique, however the commercial cement used (Ordinary Portland Cement) generates environmental impacts that can be minimized with its replacement by environmentally friendly binders. Blended binders can use secondary materials from the industry (waste or by-products) and promote environmental gains. In this case, this research proposes the use of carbide lime and granulated blast furnace slag with the complement of Portland cement for the stabilization of an organic soil. A comparison of the strength obtained with the blended binder versus Portland cement is analyzed in soil stabilization. A Life Cycle Assessment is performed to verify if the proposed blended binder has environmental benefits in replacing conventional cement. Results show that the blended binder has similar capacity to stabilize the organic clay soil compared to commercial cement. The life cycle analysis showed that the use of secondary materials from industry in the composition of blended binder promotes a significant reduction in environmental impacts assessed.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of green binder for organic soil stabilization","authors":"Rodrigo Beck Saldanha, Victor Ferreira Nuñez, Andres Lotero, Nilo Cesar Consoli","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing construction on soils with low bearing capacity is a geotechnical challenge currently faced in several parts of the world. Highly compressible organic soils require intervention to improve their mechanical behavior. In this case, mass stabilization with binder is an applicable technique, however the commercial cement used (Ordinary Portland Cement) generates environmental impacts that can be minimized with its replacement by environmentally friendly binders. Blended binders can use secondary materials from the industry (waste or by-products) and promote environmental gains. In this case, this research proposes the use of carbide lime and granulated blast furnace slag with the complement of Portland cement for the stabilization of an organic soil. A comparison of the strength obtained with the blended binder versus Portland cement is analyzed in soil stabilization. A Life Cycle Assessment is performed to verify if the proposed blended binder has environmental benefits in replacing conventional cement. Results show that the blended binder has similar capacity to stabilize the organic clay soil compared to commercial cement. The life cycle analysis showed that the use of secondary materials from industry in the composition of blended binder promotes a significant reduction in environmental impacts assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101387
Ishwor Thapa , Sufyan Ghani , Kenue Abdul Waris , B. Munwar Basha
This study investigates the prediction of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) for nano-silica and bio-char stabilized soft sub-grade soils using explainable machine learning (ML) models. The research involves experimentally determining CBR values for soft sub-grade soils treated with varying proportions of nano-silica and bio-char. This data, along with soil properties such as grain size distribution, moisture content, and nano-silica and bio-char content, serve as inputs for training and testing various ML models. Among the 12 ML models evaluated, the Gradient Boosting Regression exhibits superior performance, achieving high accuracy (R2 = 0.92) and low error rates (MSE = 0.45). The utilization of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques provides insight into the significant input features influencing CBR predictions, thereby enhancing the interpretability and reliability of the models.. The research findings, highlight the efficacy of machine intelligence in accurately predicting the CBR values of nano-silica and bio-char stabilized soft sub-grade soils. This research has significant implications for geotechnical engineering, offering a data-driven methodology to optimize soil stabilization practices and contribute to sustainable infrastructure development.
本研究采用可解释的机器学习（ML）模型，对经过纳米二氧化硅和生物炭稳定处理的软土地基的加州承载比（CBR）进行预测。研究包括通过实验确定用不同比例的纳米二氧化硅和生物炭处理过的软弱地基土的 CBR 值。这些数据以及粒度分布、含水量、纳米二氧化硅和生物炭含量等土壤特性可作为训练和测试各种 ML 模型的输入。在评估的 12 个 ML 模型中，梯度提升回归模型表现出卓越的性能，实现了高精确度（R2 = 0.92）和低误差率（MSE = 0.45）。利用可解释人工智能（XAI）技术，可以深入了解影响 CBR 预测的重要输入特征，从而提高模型的可解释性和可靠性。研究结果突出显示了机器智能在准确预测纳米二氧化硅和生物炭稳定软土地基 CBR 值方面的功效。这项研究对岩土工程具有重要意义，它提供了一种以数据为驱动的方法来优化土壤稳定措施，促进基础设施的可持续发展。
{"title":"Prediction of California Bearing Ratio of nano-silica and bio-char stabilized soft sub-grade soils using explainable machine learning","authors":"Ishwor Thapa , Sufyan Ghani , Kenue Abdul Waris , B. Munwar Basha","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the prediction of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) for nano-silica and bio-char stabilized soft sub-grade soils using explainable machine learning (ML) models. The research involves experimentally determining CBR values for soft sub-grade soils treated with varying proportions of nano-silica and bio-char. This data, along with soil properties such as grain size distribution, moisture content, and nano-silica and bio-char content, serve as inputs for training and testing various ML models. Among the 12 ML models evaluated, the Gradient Boosting Regression exhibits superior performance, achieving high accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92) and low error rates (MSE = 0.45). The utilization of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques provides insight into the significant input features influencing CBR predictions, thereby enhancing the interpretability and reliability of the models.. The research findings, highlight the efficacy of machine intelligence in accurately predicting the CBR values of nano-silica and bio-char stabilized soft sub-grade soils. This research has significant implications for geotechnical engineering, offering a data-driven methodology to optimize soil stabilization practices and contribute to sustainable infrastructure development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101397
Araz Hasheminezhad, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim
Transportation geotechnics integrates geotechnical engineering principles into planning, construction, and maintenance of transportation infrastructures such as roads, highways, railways, bridges, and tunnels, vital yet resource-intensive infrastructures that demand significant attention with respect to sustainable practices. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on implementing sustainability approaches in transportation geotechnics. This shift holds promise for environmental, economic, and societal sustainability, with potential benefits that include reducing the construction industry’s carbon footprint, conserving natural resources, minimizing harmful emissions, and lowering transportation infrastructure costs. This review explores diverse strategies for advancing sustainability in transportation geotechnics, encompassing innovative materials, ground improvement techniques, and use of geosynthetics. Life-cycle assessments of sustainable transportation geotechnics in terms of environmental impacts have also been investigated. A case study is presented to illustrate the practical implementation of sustainable geosynthetics in the United States, offering practical insights into real-world implementations. Challenges, opportunities, and future directions in integrating sustainability into transportation geotechnics are also discussed, offering a roadmap for advancing environmentally-responsible and economically-viable infrastructure development.
{"title":"Advances in innovative sustainable transportation geotechnics","authors":"Araz Hasheminezhad, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transportation geotechnics integrates geotechnical engineering principles into planning, construction, and maintenance of transportation infrastructures such as roads, highways, railways, bridges, and tunnels, vital yet resource-intensive infrastructures that demand significant attention with respect to sustainable practices. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on implementing sustainability approaches in transportation geotechnics. This shift holds promise for environmental, economic, and societal sustainability, with potential benefits that include reducing the construction industry’s carbon footprint, conserving natural resources, minimizing harmful emissions, and lowering transportation infrastructure costs. This review explores diverse strategies for advancing sustainability in transportation geotechnics, encompassing innovative materials, ground improvement techniques, and use of geosynthetics. Life-cycle assessments of sustainable transportation geotechnics in terms of environmental impacts have also been investigated. A case study is presented to illustrate the practical implementation of sustainable geosynthetics in the United States, offering practical insights into real-world implementations. Challenges, opportunities, and future directions in integrating sustainability into transportation geotechnics are also discussed, offering a roadmap for advancing environmentally-responsible and economically-viable infrastructure development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101394
Xingxu Yao , Fangyue Luo , Ga Zhang , Yangping Yao
A new device has been developed to simulate the cyclic impact load of aircraft in centrifuge model tests, enabling automatic control over the number of cycles and impact velocity. A series of centrifuge model tests were conducted using this device to analyze the influence of cyclic impact load on runway settlement and deformation. It is observed that a single impact leads to significant settlement initially, which eventually stabilizes over time. Higher impact loads require fewer impact numbers for the soil base to attain a stable state. The maximum vertical displacement of the soil base is located at the impact center line and diminishes with distance from the impact center line. Based on the vertical displacement of the soil base, the loading influential zone is demarcated as the near-ellipse shape. The formation process of the loading influential zone gradually proceeds from base surface to deeper base, and finally attains a state of stability. The vertical strain of foundation is used to describe the deformation, the soil deformation beneath the concrete pavement plate is relatively significant, with a decreasing trend as it moves away from the impact center line. Under the same impact load in shallow foundation, the point at which the vertical strain decreases to zero becomes approximately linear. Based on the concrete analysis of the settlement in each cycle, the evolution mechanism of the soil base under cyclic impact load is revealed. The soil initially shows predominantly plastic deformation, which transitions to predominantly elastic deformation in the later stages.
{"title":"Centrifuge modeling of the settlement and deformation of runway under cyclic impact load","authors":"Xingxu Yao , Fangyue Luo , Ga Zhang , Yangping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new device has been developed to simulate the cyclic impact load of aircraft in centrifuge model tests, enabling automatic control over the number of cycles and impact velocity. A series of centrifuge model tests were conducted using this device to analyze the influence of cyclic impact load on runway settlement and deformation. It is observed that a single impact leads to significant settlement initially, which eventually stabilizes over time. Higher impact loads require fewer impact numbers for the soil base to attain a stable state. The maximum vertical displacement of the soil base is located at the impact center line and diminishes with distance from the impact center line. Based on the vertical displacement of the soil base, the loading influential zone is demarcated as the near-ellipse shape. The formation process of the loading influential zone gradually proceeds from base surface to deeper base, and finally attains a state of stability. The vertical strain of foundation is used to describe the deformation, the soil deformation beneath the concrete pavement plate is relatively significant, with a decreasing trend as it moves away from the impact center line. Under the same impact load in shallow foundation, the point at which the vertical strain decreases to zero becomes approximately linear. Based on the concrete analysis of the settlement in each cycle, the evolution mechanism of the soil base under cyclic impact load is revealed. The soil initially shows predominantly plastic deformation, which transitions to predominantly elastic deformation in the later stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 101394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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