Transportation Geotechnics最新文献

英文中文

Effect of soil arching evolution on tunnel face stability considering spatially variable sandy soils

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101496

Xuejian Chen , Yao Hu , Po Cheng , Pei-Pei Fang , Kai Yao

Tunnelling, an essential tool of underground space exploration, often encounters the challenge of face instability, especially in spatially variable soils, which poses significant risks to infrastructures. Tunnel face instability frequently manifests through the collapse of soil arching effect. This study explores how the cutterhead framework and soil spatial non-uniformity affect arching evolution and tunnel face stability, by conducting three-dimensional numerical analyses incorporated with random field modelling. The results reveal a strong correlation between face instability and soil arching collapse process. A novel formula was introduced to evaluate the impact of arching effect on face stability, with the maximum arching effect occurring at the limit equilibrium state of tunnel face. Our findings show that the load factor in spatially variable soils is averagely greater than that in uniform soils, indicating potential underestimation of failure risk in uniform soils. Finally, a practical framework is established to estimate the probability of failure for a tunnel face in spatially non-uniform sandy soils based on the factor of safety. This approach provides a significant advancement over traditional deterministic methods for designing face pressure, offering a more nuanced and probabilistic tool for assessing the likelihood of face failure.

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引用次数: 0

Data visualization strategy for predicting rock mass classification with TBM key rock-fragmentation parameters

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101489

Zikai Dong , Hongwei Yu , Guoshuai Tian , Xu Li , Ruilang Cao , Yunpei Zhang

This study proposes a data visualization strategy for predicting rock mass classification, which only adopts 5 tunnelling parameters related to rock fragmentation as input. For implementation, first, the database of TBM tunnelling parameters was established after data cleaning, in which 4,172 boring cycles from the Yinchao project were acquired. Subsequently, five tunnelling parameters of each cycle were plotted automatically into 9 single images in a defined manner. AIF (Assembled Image Fusion) image was composed of 9 single images. Finally, a convolutional neural network model (ResNet) was employed to recognize AIF fused image for rock mass classification. The results show that: (1) The AIF fused image outperforms single images, with an F₁ score of 0.83 compared to 0.77 for the best single image (image of cutterhead torque T vs cycle duration time t). (2) In comparison, LightGBM and RF models, using mean values of tunneling parameters, achieved F₁ scores of 0.73 and 0.71, respectively, which are inferior to the AIF fused image approach. (3) The proposed visualization strategy suggests that image plotting should consider the statistical distribution of the dataset for axis scaling, while color choice has minimal impact on recognition. This strategy offers an effective framework for prediction of rock mass classification.

{"title":"Data visualization strategy for predicting rock mass classification with TBM key rock-fragmentation parameters","authors":"Zikai Dong , Hongwei Yu , Guoshuai Tian , Xu Li , Ruilang Cao , Yunpei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a data visualization strategy for predicting rock mass classification, which only adopts 5 tunnelling parameters related to rock fragmentation as input. For implementation, first, the database of TBM tunnelling parameters was established after data cleaning, in which 4,172 boring cycles from the Yinchao project were acquired. Subsequently, five tunnelling parameters of each cycle were plotted automatically into 9 single images in a defined manner. AIF (Assembled Image Fusion) image was composed of 9 single images. Finally, a convolutional neural network model (ResNet) was employed to recognize AIF fused image for rock mass classification. The results show that: (1) The AIF fused image outperforms single images, with an <em>F</em><sub>1</sub> score of 0.83 compared to 0.77 for the best single image (image of cutterhead torque <em>T</em> vs cycle duration time <em>t</em>). (2) In comparison, LightGBM and RF models, using mean values of tunneling parameters, achieved <em>F</em><sub>1</sub> scores of 0.73 and 0.71, respectively, which are inferior to the AIF fused image approach. (3) The proposed visualization strategy suggests that image plotting should consider the statistical distribution of the dataset for axis scaling, while color choice has minimal impact on recognition. This strategy offers an effective framework for prediction of rock mass classification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel permanent deformation model for granular materials

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101494

Marko Peltomäki, Pauli Kolisoja, Heikki Luomala

Ensuring the long-term functionality of traffic infrastructures requires systematic and reliable evaluation of the structures’ deformation behavior. To address this need, this paper introduces a novel material model for describing the permanent deformation behavior of granular materials. The primary principle of model development has been maximizing its practical usability through streamlined parameterization. Consequently, the model is simplified to have only one material-dependent parameter, the cyclic threshold stress, which can be estimated with reasonable accuracy using static strength parameters. The proposed theory has been validated utilizing a wide range of data available in literature on various types of materials, which have been tested in laboratory and field conditions. Based on the verifications, the model’s accuracy can generally be considered good overall. The simple parameterization, combined with reliable accuracy, enhances the model’s practical usability, making it a viable option alongside existing methods.

引用次数: 0

Deep learning–based data anomaly detection for highway slope structural health monitoring: A comparative study

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101490

Shi Dong , Zhiyou Long , Shiyuan Zhang , Jianwei Wang , Chen Zuo , Chao Yang , Jinyi Jiang , Zhiwei Cui , Zhaolong Wan

Highway slope instability has a significant influence on traffic safety. However, there are many anomalies in slope SHM data, which is critical to timely warnings and safety assessments of slopes. In this paper, we carried out a multi-case comparative study of deep learning models to examine the recognition accuracy of anomalous data. First, our program collected the monitoring data from the Baihe and Lueyang slopes of the Shi-Tian expressway in Shaanxi province. Six categories of abnormal data were found using K-means clustering. Second, based on the time response images, the frequency response and Gramian Angular Field (GAF) images were superimposed to improve the model’s ability to identify six types of data anomalies. Third, we employed combo loss to tackle the data imbalance problem by incorporating dice loss and focal loss. Last, we conducted a comparative study of nine deep learning models to investigate the anomaly detection capability with the combo loss function. The results indicated that a combination of frequency response and GAF images can effectively improve the identification of abnormal data. The combo loss with equal weights significantly improved specific anomaly categories’ performance. In addition, the performance of ResNet50, EfficientNetB1, and Vision Mamba exhibited impressive classification accuracy, generalization ability, and computational efficiency. Our investigation has the potential to recognize slope SHM data abnormal types in various scenarios, further improving the precision of subsequent slope capability analysis.

{"title":"Deep learning–based data anomaly detection for highway slope structural health monitoring: A comparative study","authors":"Shi Dong , Zhiyou Long , Shiyuan Zhang , Jianwei Wang , Chen Zuo , Chao Yang , Jinyi Jiang , Zhiwei Cui , Zhaolong Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highway slope instability has a significant influence on traffic safety. However, there are many anomalies in slope SHM data, which is critical to timely warnings and safety assessments of slopes. In this paper, we carried out a multi-case comparative study of deep learning models to examine the recognition accuracy of anomalous data. First, our program collected the monitoring data from the Baihe and Lueyang slopes of the Shi-Tian expressway in Shaanxi province. Six categories of abnormal data were found using K-means clustering. Second, based on the time response images, the frequency response and Gramian Angular Field (GAF) images were superimposed to improve the model’s ability to identify six types of data anomalies. Third, we employed combo loss to tackle the data imbalance problem by incorporating dice loss and focal loss. Last, we conducted a comparative study of nine deep learning models to investigate the anomaly detection capability with the combo loss function. The results indicated that a combination of frequency response and GAF images can effectively improve the identification of abnormal data. The combo loss with equal weights significantly improved specific anomaly categories’ performance. In addition, the performance of ResNet50, EfficientNetB1, and Vision Mamba exhibited impressive classification accuracy, generalization ability, and computational efficiency. Our investigation has the potential to recognize slope SHM data abnormal types in various scenarios, further improving the precision of subsequent slope capability analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of different reinforcement strategies in cap-pile regions on the lateral bearing performance of a broken wharf in waterway traffic

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101491

Yue Yuan , Chunning Ji , Zhen Yan

The batter piles of a pile-supported wharf are severely damaged under excessive lateral loads, and effective reinforcement strategies are of great concern. In this paper, the effect of different reinforcement strategies on the lateral bearing performance of the wharf, taking into account the pile-soil interaction, was investigated using centrifuge test and numerical simulation. The results showed that both reinforcement strategies were effective in improving performance, with results generally aligning with those of the intact wharf in terms of load–displacement relationships, and significantly reduced the magnitudes of pile lateral deflection, soil pressure, bending moment, and shear force compared to the broken wharf. However, the concrete jacketing method resulted in larger lateral deflections in the middle sections of the retrofitted batter piles, and then abruptly reduced to match those of the steel-bonding method in the cap-pile regions. The degree of abrupt changes of bending moment in retrofitted batter piles was more distinct in the concrete jacketing wharf than that in the steel-bonding wharf. The steel-bonding method distributed the lateral load more evenly than the concrete jacketing, which involved more abrupt changes in shear forces. Overall, although the performance of both retrofitting methods was slightly better than that of the intact wharf at component level, the steel-bonding method appeared to prove superior due to the smaller change in stiffness and the more even distribution of lateral loads.

{"title":"Effect of different reinforcement strategies in cap-pile regions on the lateral bearing performance of a broken wharf in waterway traffic","authors":"Yue Yuan , Chunning Ji , Zhen Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The batter piles of a pile-supported wharf are severely damaged under excessive lateral loads, and effective reinforcement strategies are of great concern. In this paper, the effect of different reinforcement strategies on the lateral bearing performance of the wharf, taking into account the pile-soil interaction, was investigated using centrifuge test and numerical simulation. The results showed that both reinforcement strategies were effective in improving performance, with results generally aligning with those of the intact wharf in terms of load–displacement relationships, and significantly reduced the magnitudes of pile lateral deflection, soil pressure, bending moment, and shear force compared to the broken wharf. However, the concrete jacketing method resulted in larger lateral deflections in the middle sections of the retrofitted batter piles, and then abruptly reduced to match those of the steel-bonding method in the cap-pile regions. The degree of abrupt changes of bending moment in retrofitted batter piles was more distinct in the concrete jacketing wharf than that in the steel-bonding wharf. The steel-bonding method distributed the lateral load more evenly than the concrete jacketing, which involved more abrupt changes in shear forces. Overall, although the performance of both retrofitting methods was slightly better than that of the intact wharf at component level, the steel-bonding method appeared to prove superior due to the smaller change in stiffness and the more even distribution of lateral loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The study of fracture mechanics of PET fiber-reinforced soils based on flexural tests and imaging techniques

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101486

Carolina Hernández , Eduardo Botero , Gloria Beltrán

An emerging alternative to improve the mechanical properties of fine soils susceptible to cracking is the addition of fibers obtained from reused synthetic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The technical literature on the fracture mechanics of PET fiber-reinforced soils is rather scarce, so there has been insufficient progress in determining fracture parameters and standardized procedures to find optimal reinforcement conditions. This research uses experimental techniques to induce tensile stresses in clayey silty soil samples from the Valley of Mexico reinforced with different fiber contents. By applying approaches based on linear elastic and elastoplastic theory, parameters useful for the study of fracture mechanics and flexural strength of PET-reinforced soil were estimated: tensile strength, critical energy release rate, critical stress intensity factor, and contour integral for crack propagation under plasticity. In addition, imaging techniques are used to measure the deformations generated in bending tests of reinforced soil beams and to study crack propagation from initiation to maximum stresses. The addition of PET fibers significantly improved soil response by reducing cracking, increasing tensile strength, and providing ductile behavior as cracking progressed. These effects indicate the great potential of recycled PET fibers as a subgrade improvement method for soft, cracking soil deposits, or even for earthworks and slope stabilization in clayey soils on road projects.

{"title":"The study of fracture mechanics of PET fiber-reinforced soils based on flexural tests and imaging techniques","authors":"Carolina Hernández , Eduardo Botero , Gloria Beltrán","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An emerging alternative to improve the mechanical properties of fine soils susceptible to cracking is the addition of fibers obtained from reused synthetic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The technical literature on the fracture mechanics of PET fiber-reinforced soils is rather scarce, so there has been insufficient progress in determining fracture parameters and standardized procedures to find optimal reinforcement conditions. This research uses experimental techniques to induce tensile stresses in clayey silty soil samples from the Valley of Mexico reinforced with different fiber contents. By applying approaches based on linear elastic and elastoplastic theory, parameters useful for the study of fracture mechanics and flexural strength of PET-reinforced soil were estimated: tensile strength, critical energy release rate, critical stress intensity factor, and contour integral for crack propagation under plasticity. In addition, imaging techniques are used to measure the deformations generated in bending tests of reinforced soil beams and to study crack propagation from initiation to maximum stresses. The addition of PET fibers significantly improved soil response by reducing cracking, increasing tensile strength, and providing ductile behavior as cracking progressed. These effects indicate the great potential of recycled PET fibers as a subgrade improvement method for soft, cracking soil deposits, or even for earthworks and slope stabilization in clayey soils on road projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the unbonded sections of fully grouted rock bolts using a microphone

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101488

Seonghun Kang , Jung-Doung Yu , Dongsoo Lee , Jong-Sub Lee

In fully grouted rock bolts, unbonded sections may exist at any location within holes. This study aims to investigate the integrity of grouted rock bolts using a microphone and rock-bolt model tests. Rock bolts having different unbonded lengths are prepared in a concrete block. Longitudinal and flexural vibrations are generated on the rebar by applying axial and transverse hammer impacts on the rock-bolt head. The acoustic wave from each vibration is evaluated using a microphone, and the frequency responses to the vibrations are analyzed. The results show that as the unbonded length increases, the predominant frequency of the longitudinal vibrations decreases and the flexibility of the flexural vibrations increases. This study demonstrates that the integrity of grouted rock bolts without accessories can be evaluated by microphones and frequency–response analyses.

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of rail-mounted quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors for monitoring track transitions

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101487

Mahsa Gharizadehvarnosefaderani , Md. Fazle Rabbi , Cameron D. Stuart , Debakanta Mishra

Regular inspections of railroad tracks help ensure safe and cost-effective operating conditions. Inspection of track transitions is especially critical as these locations are subjected to high loads that can result in rapid deterioration. Optical Fiber Sensors (OFSs) represent one of the latest technologies for long-term, continuous structural health monitoring in harsh environments like railroad tracks. This paper presents findings from an ongoing research study evaluating the suitability of OFSs for monitoring and real-time condition assessment of track transitions. This paper reports on the laboratory and numerical modeling performance of the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) type of OFS. Data collected using FBG sensors are compared with those from conventional sensors such as strain gauges and Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs). The results confirm that rail mounted FBG sensors can accurately measure strain values under different levels of loading. Rail deflections calculated from these strain values match well with deflections measured using LVDTs.

{"title":"Performance evaluation of rail-mounted quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors for monitoring track transitions","authors":"Mahsa Gharizadehvarnosefaderani , Md. Fazle Rabbi , Cameron D. Stuart , Debakanta Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regular inspections of railroad tracks help ensure safe and cost-effective operating conditions. Inspection of track transitions is especially critical as these locations are subjected to high loads that can result in rapid deterioration. Optical Fiber Sensors (OFSs) represent one of the latest technologies for long-term, continuous structural health monitoring in harsh environments like railroad tracks. This paper presents findings from an ongoing research study evaluating the suitability of OFSs for monitoring and real-time condition assessment of track transitions. This paper reports on the laboratory and numerical modeling performance of the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) type of OFS. Data collected using FBG sensors are compared with those from conventional sensors such as strain gauges and Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs). The results confirm that rail mounted FBG sensors can accurately measure strain values under different levels of loading. Rail deflections calculated from these strain values match well with deflections measured using LVDTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An analytical solution for settlement of pile-supported reinforced low embankment considering lateral friction along pile shaft

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101478

Chuanxiang Xiong , Zhaoxin Guo , Zhiquan Xing , Jinhuo Zheng , Peng Liu , Fuquan Chen , Xuezhong Jiang , Xin Li , Yu Chen

The settlement formula for pile-supported reinforced embankment is established by improving the elastic foundation beam method and combining the column unit method. The traditional Winkler beams is replaced by the Timoshenko beams, and the constraint of the height of fill can be neglected because the lateral friction on the pile side is considered in the column unit method. The presented method is employed to analyze a practical engineering and compared with other methods. The results are shown to be reasonable. The effects of the variation of parameters such as pile spacing (s), thickness of load transfer platform (LTP) (h) and tensile stiffness of the geosynthetic (S_r) on the pile lateral friction and the settlement of pile-supported reinforced embankment are investigated. As s/d increases, the elastic zone with lateral friction resistance becomes shorter and shorter. The plastic zones at both ends become longer and longer. The maximum settlement generally increases with the increase of s/d. When s/d ≤ 4, the maximum settlement increases little, but when s/d > 4, the maximum settlement increases large, and the rate is 4 ∼ 5 times of s/d ≤ 4. With the increase of h/s, the length of elastic zone due to pile side friction changes little, but the whole zone shifts upwards. The maximum settlement shows an obvious gradient increase. When h/s = 0.5 the maximum settlement is about 1.5 times of h/s = 0.3 maximum settlement. With the increase of S_r, the whole elastic zone of pile side resistance becomes shorter and shifts upwards. The maximum settlement decreases in a gradient way. The settlement at S_r = 4000 is about 0.75 times of that at S_r = 1000. This paper expands the settlement theory of reinforced embankment and is closer to the real conditions, which has certain scientific significance and application value.

{"title":"An analytical solution for settlement of pile-supported reinforced low embankment considering lateral friction along pile shaft","authors":"Chuanxiang Xiong , Zhaoxin Guo , Zhiquan Xing , Jinhuo Zheng , Peng Liu , Fuquan Chen , Xuezhong Jiang , Xin Li , Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The settlement formula for pile-supported reinforced embankment is established by improving the elastic foundation beam method and combining the column unit method. The traditional Winkler beams is replaced by the Timoshenko beams, and the constraint of the height of fill can be neglected because the lateral friction on the pile side is considered in the column unit method. The presented method is employed to analyze a practical engineering and compared with other methods. The results are shown to be reasonable. The effects of the variation of parameters such as pile spacing (<em>s</em>), thickness of load transfer platform (LTP) (<em>h</em>) and tensile stiffness of the geosynthetic (<em>S<sub>r</sub></em>) on the pile lateral friction and the settlement of pile-supported reinforced embankment are investigated. As <em>s/d</em> increases, the elastic zone with lateral friction resistance becomes shorter and shorter. The plastic zones at both ends become longer and longer. The maximum settlement generally increases with the increase of <em>s/d</em>. When <em>s/d</em> ≤ 4, the maximum settlement increases little, but when <em>s/d</em> > 4, the maximum settlement increases large, and the rate is 4 ∼ 5 times of <em>s/d</em> ≤ 4. With the increase of <em>h/s</em>, the length of elastic zone due to pile side friction changes little, but the whole zone shifts upwards. The maximum settlement shows an obvious gradient increase. When <em>h/s</em> = 0.5 the maximum settlement is about 1.5 times of <em>h/s</em> = 0.3 maximum settlement. With the increase of <em>S<sub>r</sub></em>, the whole elastic zone of pile side resistance becomes shorter and shifts upwards. The maximum settlement decreases in a gradient way. The settlement at <em>S<sub>r</sub></em> = 4000 is about 0.75 times of that at <em>S<sub>r</sub></em> = 1000. This paper expands the settlement theory of reinforced embankment and is closer to the real conditions, which has certain scientific significance and application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial for Transportation Geotechnics and Emerging Technologies

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101372

Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Monica Prezzi, Mike Winter

引用次数: 0

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