Transportation Geotechnics最新文献_第6页

Dynamic response and failure characteristics of the bedrock-soil layer slope reinforced by a novel anchor-pile: insights from a large-scale shaking table test 新型锚桩加固基土边坡的动力响应与破坏特征：来自大型振动台试验的启示

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101882

Qiangshan Yu, Yingbin Zhang, Qiang Chen, Yao Xiao, Dejian Li, Ying Zeng, Haiping Chen, Zheng Wang

To mitigate earthquake-induced landslides along transportation routes in strong seismic regions, a novel anchor-pile system composed of flexible anchor cables and rigid frame piles is proposed for slope stabilization. This composite retaining structure has been increasingly adopted in seismically active areas, yet its seismic performance remains insufficiently understood. In this study, the dynamic response and failure characteristics of a bedrock-soil layer slope reinforced with the proposed anchor-pile were investigated through large-scale shaking table tests. A comprehensive analysis of the test data and observed phenomena revealed that the natural frequency of the slope significantly influences its dynamic response, while the Arias intensity of the input ground motion exerts a pronounced effect on the dynamic response of the retaining structure. As Arias intensity increases from 0.127 m/s to 2.69 m/s, the peak dynamic displacement, earth pressure, and axial force of the anchor-pile increase by factors of 9.73, 58.66, and 11.43, respectively. The failure process and modes of the slope can be categorized into four distinct stages: 1) Formation stage of tension cracks on slope top; 2) Penetration stage of tension cracks on slope top; 3) Sliding stage along tension cracks; 4) Deep sliding stage along the interface. Seismic landslide thrust is mainly resisted by the front pile’s bottom and rear pile’s upper sections; the upper anchor dominates, and beam–pile joints are weak points needing reinforcement. The findings of this study can be applied to the seismic design of this novel anchor-pile in strong earthquake regions.

为缓解强震区交通沿线地震引发的滑坡，提出了一种由柔性锚索和刚性框架桩组成的新型锚固桩体系。这种复合挡土墙结构在地震活跃地区的应用越来越多，但其抗震性能仍不清楚。通过大型振动台试验，研究了锚杆桩加固基土边坡的动力响应及破坏特征。综合分析试验数据和观测现象发现，边坡的固有频率对其动力响应有显著影响，而输入地震动的阿里亚斯强度对支护结构的动力响应有显著影响。当Arias强度从0.127 m/s增加到2.69 m/s时，锚杆桩的峰值动位移、土压力和轴力分别增加了9.73、58.66和11.43倍。边坡的破坏过程和破坏模式可分为4个阶段：1)坡顶张拉裂缝形成阶段；2)坡顶张拉裂缝的贯通阶段；3)沿张裂缝滑动阶段；4)沿界面深度滑动阶段。地震滑坡推力主要由前桩底部和后桩上部抵御；上部锚杆占主导地位，梁桩节点是薄弱环节，需加强加固。研究结果可用于强震地区新型锚杆桩的抗震设计。

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引用次数: 0

A spectral element-based dynamic model for train-track-tunnel-soil interaction 基于谱元的列车-轨道-隧道-土壤相互作用动力学模型

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101870

Liu Pan , Lei Xu , Yan Bin , Chen Mei

To address the challenges of complex modeling and low computational efficiency in the train-track-tunnel-soil (TTTS) system, this study develops a TTTS dynamic interaction model based on the spectral element method (SEM). To accurately described the complex geometry of the tunnel-soil system, this research employs iso-parameter hexahedral and triangular prism spectral elements to simulate the tunnel and surrounding soil, respectively, and describes the tunnel-soil interaction utilizing multiscale coupling method. Leveraging the low-frequency nature of infrastructure vibration, this study introduces Gaussian precise integration method, combined with multi-step hybrid solution, enables accurate resolution of infrastructure vibration with arbitrary integration step. The reliability of the proposed model and solution method is validated through comparison with the FEM model and general solution method. Subsequently, the aforementioned model is applied to the dynamic analysis of the TTTS system to investigate the ground vibration distribution induced by the train, and to examine the effects of the TTTS system parameters on the ground vibration in terms of time–frequency domain vibration and vibration level.

针对列车-轨道-隧道-土壤（TTTS）系统建模复杂、计算效率低的问题，建立了基于谱元法（SEM）的TTTS动态相互作用模型。为了准确描述隧道-土系统的复杂几何结构，本研究采用等参数六面体和三角棱镜光谱单元分别模拟隧道和周围土体，并利用多尺度耦合方法描述隧道-土相互作用。利用基础设施振动的低频特性，引入高斯精确积分法，结合多步混合求解，实现任意积分步长的基础设施振动精确解析。通过与有限元模型和一般求解方法的比较，验证了所提模型和求解方法的可靠性。随后，将上述模型应用于TTTS系统的动力学分析，研究列车引起的地面振动分布，并从时频域振动和振动水平两方面考察TTTS系统参数对地面振动的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal response and effectiveness of water impoundment pre-thawing foundation for high-speed railway subgrade in island permafrost regions 海岛多年冻土区高速铁路路基蓄水预融地基热响应及有效性

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101867

Degou Cai , Xiaohe Liu , Hongye Yan , Binglong Zhu , Yuxin Wang , Yong Wang

This study addresses the challenge of controlling thermal stability of island permafrost in high-speed railway subgrades affected by climate warming, increased wetting, and engineering disturbances. A novel foundation treatment technology based on water impoundment pre-thawing is proposed. This approach enhances heat exchange via water injection into foundation pits, enabling active and controlled acceleration of thawing within highly unstable, high-temperature permafrost layers. The objective was to achieve uniform pre-construction settlement and mitigate differential deformation after construction. Field experiments at the Riyuexia test section of the Harbin–Yichun High-Speed Railway (HYHSR) deployed a monitoring system to track ground temperature evolution across three stages: water impoundment, drainage, and filling. Results demonstrated that during the water impoundment stage, water’s high heat capacity and limited thermal conductivity resulted in gradual thawing. Following drainage, the exposed subgrade base absorbed increased heat, causing rapid temperature rise in shallow layers. During the filling stage, the fill material served as an additional heat source, further promoting permafrost thawing and ultimately yielding nearly complete thawing within the monitored depth. Overall, the study elucidates thermal boundary effects and permafrost degradation mechanisms during water impoundment pre-thawing and confirms the effectiveness of technology in enhancing foundation thermal uniformity and controlling thaw settlement. This study offers a novel method and practical framework for designing high-speed railway subgrades in high-latitude island permafrost regions, with significant practical implications for climate-resilient permafrost engineering systems.

本研究解决了气候变暖、湿度增加和工程干扰影响下高速铁路路基海岛冻土热稳定性控制的挑战。提出了一种基于蓄水预融的地基处理新技术。这种方法通过向基坑注水来增强热交换，从而在高度不稳定的高温永久冻土层中实现主动和可控的加速融化。目的是实现均匀的施工前沉降和减轻施工后的差异变形。在哈伊高铁日月峡试验段的现场试验中，部署了一个监测系统，跟踪地温在蓄水、排水和填土三个阶段的演变。结果表明：在蓄水阶段，水的高热容和有限的热导率导致其逐渐融化；排水后，暴露的路基基底吸收了更多的热量，导致浅层温度迅速上升。在填筑阶段，填筑材料作为一个额外的热源，进一步促进冻土融化，最终在监测深度内几乎完全融化。总体而言，研究阐明了蓄水预融过程中的热边界效应和冻土退化机制，证实了该技术在提高地基热均匀性和控制融化沉降方面的有效性。本研究为高纬度海岛永久冻土区高速铁路路基设计提供了一种新颖的方法和实用框架，对气候适应性永久冻土区工程系统具有重要的实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction for freeze–thaw cycles induced degradation of dynamic shear modulus in Qinghai loess: structural damage concept-based model-Case study 青海黄土冻融循环引起动剪模量退化的预测：基于结构损伤概念的模型——实例研究

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101875

Hao Wu , Shuai Shao , Yutong Zhang , Bin Zhang , Zechi Wang , Yufei Ji , Shaoying Zhang

Freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) and earthquakes are key factors contributing to foundation deformation and instability in loess engineering in cold regions. Seismic loading acting on loess weakened by FTCs can lead to catastrophic failure(e.g., landslides, settlement). FTCs degrade loess stiffness by causing microstructural damage. To quantify this damage and explore its impact on dynamic properties, this study examined the influence of FTCs on the microstructure and dynamic property of loess from Qinghai Province, China using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic simple shear(CSS) tests. Image-Pro Plus(IPP) was used to quantitatively analyze changes in pore and particle structures. The results show that after FTCs, soil particles break apart, become more angular, and rearrange. The total pore area increases, with a higher proportion of large and medium pores. The dynamic shear modulus exhibits a total attenuation of 64.64%, with the first cycle contributing up to one-third of the overall reduction. A random forest model identified key microscopic characteristic parameters governing the degradation of the initial dynamic shear modulus. According to damage theory and considering the evolution of pore and particle structures, structural parameters representing loess integrity were proposed. A dynamic shear modulus prediction model was then developed, which effectively accounts for structural disturbance. These findings advance geohazard forecasting by coupling microstructural damage metrics with dynamic stiffness, offering a novel tool for slope-stability and subgrade-settlement assessments in cold region loess.

冻融循环和地震是寒区黄土工程地基变形失稳的关键因素。地震荷载作用于经FTCs削弱的黄土上可导致灾难性破坏(例如：、滑坡、沉降)。FTCs通过引起微结构损伤来降低黄土的刚度。为了量化这种损伤并探讨其对动力特性的影响，本研究利用扫描电镜（SEM）和循环单剪（CSS）试验研究了FTCs对青海黄土微观结构和动力特性的影响。使用Image-Pro Plus（IPP）定量分析孔隙和颗粒结构的变化。结果表明：在FTCs作用下，土壤颗粒破碎、棱角化、重新排列；总孔隙面积增大，大、中孔隙比例增大。动剪切模量总体衰减为64.64%，其中第一个周期的衰减量占整体衰减量的三分之一。随机森林模型确定了控制初始动剪切模量退化的关键微观特征参数。根据损伤理论，考虑孔隙结构和颗粒结构的演化，提出了表征黄土完整性的结构参数。建立了动态剪切模量预测模型，有效地反映了结构扰动。这些研究结果通过将微观结构损伤指标与动力刚度相结合来促进地质灾害预测，为寒区黄土的边坡稳定性和路基沉降评估提供了一种新的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling matric suction effects on rigid inclusion foundations using existing unsaturated pile models 利用现有非饱和桩模型模拟刚性包体地基的基质吸力效应

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101862

Bantayehu Uba Uge , Yuancheng Guo , Jun Zhao , Yunlong Liu , Mudassir Mehmood , Chenyu Lv , Yanyan Xia

While geotechnical engineering has made great strides in dealing with the mechanical behaviour of earth materials, including reinforcing soft grounds, established principles are now being challenged by a new reality of continuous shift in environmental variables due to global warming. In natural environment, the interface of geomaterials and substructures plays a vital role, a role that is compromised by matric suction-induced changes in the soil stress state. To enhance geo-infrastructure resilience, it is important to incorporate changing environmental conditions into the design, especially in the face of seasonal climates. For this aim, this article synthesizes and conceptually applies established unsaturated pile models to rigid inclusion (RI) foundations under varying matric suction. More specifically, it extends the modified shear displacement method to the load efficiency factor (E_ff) analysis of RI systems, incorporating soil–water characteristic curves and suction-dependent stiffness. The approach is validated through previous study of a 2 × 2 RI foundation under controlled groundwater fluctuation, demonstrating how suction loss redistributes load toward the inclusions and increases E_ff. The approach offers practitioners a predictive tool to enhance RI foundation resilience under seasonal moisture variations.

虽然岩土工程在处理土材料的力学行为方面取得了很大的进步，包括加固软土地基，但由于全球变暖，环境变量不断变化的新现实正在挑战既定的原则。在自然环境中，岩土材料和子结构的界面起着至关重要的作用，而这种作用被基质吸力引起的土壤应力状态变化所削弱。为了增强地质基础设施的弹性，将不断变化的环境条件纳入设计非常重要，特别是在面对季节性气候时。为此，本文将已建立的非饱和桩模型综合并在概念上应用于变基质吸力下的刚性包体（RI）地基。更具体地说，它将改进的剪切位移法扩展到RI系统的载荷效率因子（Eff）分析，纳入了土-水特征曲线和吸力相关刚度。通过对地下水波动控制下的2 × 2 RI地基的研究，验证了该方法的有效性，证明了吸力损失如何将荷载重新分配给包裹体并增加Eff。该方法为从业者提供了一种预测工具，以提高季节性湿度变化下的RI基础弹性。

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引用次数: 0

DEM Analysis of Load Transfer Mechanisms in Pile-Supported Embankments under Cyclic Traffic Loading 循环交通荷载作用下桩基路堤荷载传递机制的DEM分析

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2026.101900

Yafei Jia , Chuan-Bao Xu , Jun Zhang , Jun-Jie Zheng , Hanjiang Lai , Yewei Zheng

This study develops discrete element method (DEM) models to investigate the soil arching and membrane effects in geosynthetic reinforced, pile-supported (GRPS) embankments under cyclic loading. The model was validated against large-scale physical model tests to ensure reliability. Using the validated DEM, the evolution of contact force chains, fabric tensors, and average contact force ratios (ACFRs) was analyzed to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms of load transfer and degradation. The results reveal that cyclic loading leads to progressive degradation of soil arching in unreinforced embankments, initiating from the bottom and propagating upward. In contrast, the presence of geogrid reinforcement effectively stabilizes the soil arching structure, enhances load transfer to the pile caps, and reduces the contact force transmitted to the underlying soft soil. The geogrid exhibits a distinct membrane effect characterized by catenary deflection and localized tensile strain, particularly during the early cycles. Parametric analyses further demonstrate that higher trough values, larger load amplitudes, and higher loading frequencies accelerate the degradation of soil arching, while an intermediate loading area and moderate embankment porosity yield the most stable load transfer. Although thicker soft soil foundations initially enhance soil arching, they are more susceptible to degradation under repeated loading.

本文建立了离散元法（DEM）模型，研究了循环荷载作用下土工合成材料加固桩支撑（GRPS）路堤的土拱和土膜效应。通过大型物理模型试验验证了模型的可靠性。利用已验证的DEM，分析了接触力链、织物张量和平均接触力比（ACFRs）的演变，以阐明载荷传递和退化的微观机制。结果表明，循环荷载导致无加固路堤土拱的退化，从底部开始，向上传播。土工格栅加固有效地稳定了土拱结构，增强了荷载向承台的传递，减小了传递给下卧软土的接触力。土工格栅表现出明显的膜效应，其特征是悬链线挠曲和局部拉伸应变，特别是在早期循环期间。参数分析进一步表明，较高的槽值、较大的荷载幅值和较高的荷载频率加速了土拱的退化，而中等荷载区和中等路堤孔隙率的荷载传递最稳定。较厚的软土地基虽然在初期增强了土拱，但在反复荷载作用下更容易发生退化。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic stability and ballast movement characteristics of steep-gradient rack railway track under traction load 牵引荷载作用下大坡度轨道的动力稳定性及碴物运动特性

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2026.101891

Jun Fang , Qiyu Zhao , Chunfa Zhao , Zaigang Chen , Jizhong Yang , Qian Xiao , Zhihui Chen , Guojun Yang

Mountainous rack railways face significant operational challenges on steep gradients, where the dynamic stability of ballasted tracks under traction loads is crucial to ensuring operational safety. Existing studies, mostly based on multibody dynamics or finite element methods, have limited capability in revealing the microscopic mechanical behavior of ballast. In this study, a coupled vehicle–track dynamic model for rack railways was developed. Fastener forces on the rail and rack were extracted using Simpack and subsequently applied to a 3-D discrete element model to simulate the structural response of the track. The model was validated against field measurements obtained from a 120 ‰ gradient section, and then employed to systematically analyze the dynamic response characteristics of the track under varying traction forces (50 %, 75 %, 100 %), vehicle loads (AW0–AW3), and gradients (50 ‰–400 ‰). Results indicate that traction force is the dominant factor governing the longitudinal response of the track; its increase markedly amplifies sleeper longitudinal displacement (up to 115 %) and ballast particle migration, far exceeding the vertical response (increase of 44.1 %). Moreover, the influence of rack bogies is greater than that of conventional wheel–rail systems. When the gradient exceeds 200‰, track dynamic responses deteriorate sharply, with sleeper longitudinal acceleration and inter-sleeper displacement difference increasing to 198.8 % and 187 %, respectively, and deep ballast movement becoming significantly intensified. Increased vehicle load primarily raises ballast contact forces and vertical sleeper displacement, with the most pronounced effects occurring beneath the rails. Ballast movement patterns exhibit marked spatial variability: beneath the rack, longitudinal downslope migration predominates, while beneath the rail, more complex local uplift and upslope movement trends are observed. This study elucidates the macro–micro dynamic response mechanisms of steep-gradient ballasted rack railway tracks under traction loads, highlighting the pronounced longitudinal force transmission and ballast instability risks when gradients exceed 200‰, and providing a theoretical basis for track structure optimization and refined maintenance strategies.

山地轨道铁路在陡坡上面临着巨大的运营挑战，有碴轨道在牵引载荷作用下的动力稳定性对确保运营安全至关重要。现有的研究大多基于多体动力学或有限元方法，在揭示压载物微观力学行为方面能力有限。本文建立了轨道交通车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型。利用Simpack提取轨道和机架上的扣件力，并将其应用于三维离散单元模型，模拟轨道的结构响应。利用120‰坡度断面实测数据对模型进行验证，系统分析了不同牵引力（50%、75%、100%）、车辆荷载（aw0 ~ aw3）、坡度（50‰~ 400‰）下的轨道动态响应特性。结果表明：牵引力是控制轨道纵向响应的主导因素；它的增加显著放大了轨枕的纵向位移（高达115%）和压载物颗粒的迁移，远远超过了垂直响应（增加44.1%）。此外，齿条转向架的影响比传统轮轨系统的影响更大。当坡度超过200‰时，轨道动力响应急剧恶化，轨枕纵向加速度和轨枕间位移差分别增大到198.8%和187%，深砟运动明显加剧。增加的车辆负荷主要增加了压舱物接触力和垂直轨枕位移，其中最明显的影响发生在铁轨下方。道砟运动模式表现出明显的空间变异性：道架下方以纵向下坡运动为主，而道轨下方则以较为复杂的局部隆升和上坡运动趋势为主。本研究阐明了大坡度有轨铁路轨道在牵引荷载作用下的宏观微观动力响应机制，突出了坡度超过200‰时显著的纵向力传递和道砟失稳风险，为轨道结构优化和精细化养护策略提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Airport infrastructure risk to liquefaction by deploying multi-modal data and remote sensing 通过部署多模式数据和遥感，机场基础设施对液化的风险

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101849

Maria Taftsoglou , George Papathanassiou , Sotirios Valkaniotis , Sotirios Argyroudis , Stergios-Aristoteles Mitoulis

Airports are critical components of transport infrastructure, contributing to regional socioeconomic vitality and serving as key hubs for emergency response during natural disasters. However, their operations are highly vulnerable to geohazards such as earthquake-induced soil liquefaction and associated ground failures. Despite this vulnerability, there is currently a lack of rapid, regionally scalable tools for assessing liquefaction-related risks specific to airport infrastructure. This paper for the first time in the literature addresses this gap by introducing a practical, geomorphology-informed methodology for the preliminary identification of liquefaction-prone areas and the rapid assessment of risk to airport infrastructure. The proposed approach leverages multimodal data, including surface geological mapping, tailored remote sensing inputs, and established seismic risk models, to develop liquefaction susceptibility maps and estimate potential damage. The methodology is applied to a real-world airport case study under a representative seismic scenario, revealing that large sections of the runway and taxiways are situated on highly susceptible soils. The HAZUS methodology is employed to assess potential losses and is validated using data from three international airports that have experienced documented liquefaction-related damage. This study provides a novel, scalable, and cost-effective framework that can be applied globally to support airport operators, risk engineers, and insurers in rapidly identifying vulnerable zones, prioritizing inspections, and developing targeted mitigation strategies. It contributes to advancing geotechnical risk assessment by bridging regional-scale mapping with infrastructure-specific vulnerability analysis. The methodology has the potential to be extended and applied to other critical infrastructure—such as ports, highways, railways, and industrial facilities—located in areas susceptible to liquefaction.

机场是运输基础设施的重要组成部分，有助于促进区域社会经济活力，并在自然灾害期间成为应急反应的关键枢纽。然而，它们的操作极易受到地质灾害的影响，例如地震引起的土壤液化和相关的地面破坏。尽管存在这种脆弱性，但目前缺乏快速、可扩展的工具来评估机场基础设施的液化相关风险。本文在文献中首次引入了一种实用的地貌学方法，用于初步确定液化易发地区和快速评估机场基础设施的风险，从而解决了这一差距。该方法利用多模式数据，包括地表地质测绘、量身定制的遥感输入和已建立的地震风险模型，开发液化易感性图并估计潜在损害。该方法应用于一个具有代表性的地震情景下的真实机场案例研究，揭示了跑道和滑行道的大部分位于高度敏感的土壤上。HAZUS方法用于评估潜在损失，并使用三个国际机场的数据进行验证，这些机场经历了记录在案的液化相关损害。本研究提供了一种新颖、可扩展且具有成本效益的框架，可在全球范围内应用，以支持机场运营商、风险工程师和保险公司快速识别脆弱区域、确定检查的优先顺序并制定有针对性的缓解策略。它通过将区域尺度的测绘与特定基础设施的脆弱性分析相结合，有助于推进岩土工程风险评估。该方法有可能扩展并应用于其他关键基础设施，如港口、高速公路、铁路和工业设施，这些设施位于易受液化影响的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of multi-source solid waste-based stabilizing materials on the improvement of high-salinity silt 多源固体废物基稳定材料对高矿化度淤泥的改善作用

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101851

Yongsheng Yao , Chen Liu , Yuchen Wang , Xiyan Chen , Jue Li , Junjun Ni

High-salinity silt poses challenges in its application as roadbed fill material, including low bearing capacity and leaching of toxic elements. There is an urgent need to develop green solidification treatment technologies for silt based on the resource utilisation of solid waste. This study developed a multi-source solid waste stabilizer (FPC) using fly ash (FA), phosphogypsum (PG), and carbide slag (CS) and investigated its solidification effects on high-salinity silt. At 28 days of curing, the unconfined compressive strength of the FPC stabilized soil reached 4.48 MPa, meeting the strength requirements as outlined in the Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades. Additionally, its elastic modulus was measured at 238.21 MPa, significantly higher than the 106.73 MPa of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) stabilized soil, demonstrating superior resistance to deformation. As the dosage of the stabilizer increased, the stress–strain curve of the stabilized soil exhibited a sharp decline after reaching its peak, indicating brittle failure characteristics. However, its overall mechanical performance remained superior to that of OPC stabilized soil. The FPC stabilized soil maintained good integrity even after multiple wet-dry cycles, with a water stability coefficient reaching 85.84 % at a 10 % applied dosage, primarily due to the cementing effects of hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). This research provides a new technological pathway for the resource utilisation of high-salinity silt, significantly contributing to the enhancement of roadbed material performance with a focus on sustainability.

高矿化度淤泥作为路基填筑材料存在承载力低、有毒元素浸出等问题。开发基于固体废弃物资源化利用的淤泥绿色固化处理技术是迫切需要的。以粉煤灰（FA）、磷石膏（PG）和电石渣（CS）为原料，研制了一种多源固体废物稳定剂（FPC），并研究了其对高矿化度淤泥的固化效果。养护28 d时，FPC稳定土的无侧限抗压强度达到4.48 MPa，满足《公路路基设计规范》的强度要求。其弹性模量为238.21 MPa，显著高于普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）稳定土的106.73 MPa，表现出优异的抗变形能力。随着稳定剂用量的增加，稳定土的应力-应变曲线在达到峰值后急剧下降，表现出脆性破坏特征。但其整体力学性能仍优于OPC稳定土。FPC稳定土即使在多次干湿循环后仍保持良好的完整性，在10%的施用量下，水稳定系数达到85.84%，这主要是由于水化产物如水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）的胶结作用。本研究为高矿化度淤泥的资源利用提供了一条新的技术途径，为提高路基材料的可持续性性能做出了重要贡献。

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引用次数: 0

A bayesian neural network framework for CPT prediction at sparse sites 稀疏站点CPT预测的贝叶斯神经网络框架

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101837

Pezhman Moradi , Yazan Al-Harahsheh , Masoud Nobahar , Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh

Geotechnical site characterization using in-situ tests, such as cone penetration tests (CPTs), is essential for foundation design but is often limited by sparse spatial coverage, hindering accurate soil variability assessment. This study benchmarks six prediction techniques, Bayesian compressive sampling with Markov chain Monte Carlo (BCS_MCMC), Bayesian neural network (BNN), genetic algorithm (GA), gene expression programming (GEP), empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), and inverse distance weighting (IDW), to predict corrected cone tip resistance (

q_{t}

) at untested locations across ten Louisiana sites. The performance of these techniques is evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean bias factor (λ), coefficient of efficiency (COE), coefficient of variation (COV), and a unified Performance Index (PI) analysis. Results show that BNN, EBK, and IDW consistently achieve higher accuracy, stability, and minimal bias; whereas GA, GEP, and BCS_MCMC exhibited larger errors than BNN/EBK/IDW when validated against measured

q_{t}

profiles. Prediction quality depends strongly on CPT layout, with favorable accuracy at minimum spacing near ∼100 ft and distribution indices between ∼0.05–0.10. The proposed BNN architecture is implemented in the CPT Site Variability Suite (CSVS), a MATLAB tool developed by the authors that automates data processing, interpolation, visualization, and downstream analyses (e.g., variogram derivation and LRFD workflows), all within a single platform. This integrated pipeline enhances reproducibility and supports data-driven foundation design in geotechnical site investigations. Findings pertain to the Louisiana dataset examined and provide a transferable workflow that should be validated for other geologic settings.

使用原位测试（如锥体穿透测试（CPTs））进行岩土场地表征对于基础设计至关重要，但往往受到稀疏空间覆盖的限制，阻碍了准确的土壤变异性评估。本研究对6种预测技术进行了基准测试，包括马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗贝叶斯压缩采样（BCS_MCMC）、贝叶斯神经网络（BNN）、遗传算法（GA）、基因表达编程（GEP）、经验贝叶斯克里格（EBK）和逆距离加权（IDW），以预测路易斯安那州10个未测试地点的校正锥尖阻力（qt）。使用均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）、平均偏差因子（λ）、效率系数（COE）、变异系数（COV）和统一的性能指数（PI）分析来评估这些技术的性能。结果表明，BNN、EBK和IDW均能获得更高的精度、稳定性和最小的偏差；而GA、GEP和BCS_MCMC在对测量的qt谱进行验证时，显示出比BNN/EBK/IDW更大的误差。预测质量很大程度上取决于CPT布局，在最小间距接近~ 100英尺和分布指数在~ 0.05-0.10之间时具有良好的精度。提出的BNN架构在CPT站点可变性套件（CSVS）中实现，这是一个由作者开发的MATLAB工具，可在单个平台内自动化数据处理，插值，可视化和下游分析（例如，变异函数推导和LRFD工作流）。这种集成管道增强了再现性，并支持岩土工程现场调查中数据驱动的基础设计。研究结果与路易斯安那州的数据集有关，并提供了一个可转移的工作流程，可以用于其他地质环境的验证。

{"title":"A bayesian neural network framework for CPT prediction at sparse sites","authors":"Pezhman Moradi , Yazan Al-Harahsheh , Masoud Nobahar , Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geotechnical site characterization using in-situ tests, such as cone penetration tests (CPTs), is essential for foundation design but is often limited by sparse spatial coverage, hindering accurate soil variability assessment. This study benchmarks six prediction techniques, Bayesian compressive sampling with Markov chain Monte Carlo (BCS_MCMC), Bayesian neural network (BNN), genetic algorithm (GA), gene expression programming (GEP), empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), and inverse distance weighting (IDW), to predict corrected cone tip resistance (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) at untested locations across ten Louisiana sites. The performance of these techniques is evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean bias factor (λ), coefficient of efficiency (COE), coefficient of variation (COV), and a unified Performance Index (PI) analysis. Results show that BNN, EBK, and IDW consistently achieve higher accuracy, stability, and minimal bias; whereas GA, GEP, and BCS_MCMC exhibited larger errors than BNN/EBK/IDW when validated against measured <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> profiles. Prediction quality depends strongly on CPT layout, with favorable accuracy at minimum spacing near ∼100 ft and distribution indices between ∼0.05–0.10. The proposed BNN architecture is implemented in the CPT Site Variability Suite (CSVS), a MATLAB tool developed by the authors that automates data processing, interpolation, visualization, and downstream analyses (e.g., variogram derivation and LRFD workflows), all within a single platform. This integrated pipeline enhances reproducibility and supports data-driven foundation design in geotechnical site investigations. Findings pertain to the Louisiana dataset examined and provide a transferable workflow that should be validated for other geologic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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