Transportation Geotechnics最新文献_第10页

A wind-driven device can improve the cooling efficiency of clogged crushed-rock embankments in permafrost regions 风力驱动装置可以提高多年冻土区淤塞碎石堤防的冷却效率

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101860

Kun Xiang , Zhi Wen , Yasheng Li , Yuan Li , Aleksandr Zhirkov

To improve the poor cooling efficiency of crushed-rock embankments (CREs) clogged by snow or sand, a novel fully automatic wind-driven air pumping device is developed to enhance convective heat transfer. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this device can increase the internal airflow by several orders of magnitude, thereby significantly strengthening forced convection and improving the overall cooling performance. The embankment and underlying permafrost experience notable temperature reductions, with the cooling effect gradually diminishing with depth. Even for deep permafrost layers, the device still exhibits a remarkable cooling effect. Among the tested configurations, the U-shaped crushed-rock layer embankment equipped with the wind-driven device exhibits the most pronounced cooling performance, outperforming the crushed-rock interlayer embankment with the device due to its higher overall convective efficiency from the revetment crushed-rock layers. Both equipped CREs effectively enhance the ground heat release capacity and substantially mitigate long-term settlement deformation, demonstrating a significant improvement in the thermal stability and structural safety of embankments. Furthermore, the proposed device shows strong adaptability to snow accumulation and sand clogging, ensuring reliable operation under severe environmental conditions. This study provides an innovative and practical approach for improving the cooling performance of CREs in snowy and sandy permafrost regions.

针对碎石堤防因雪或沙堵塞而冷却效率低下的问题，研制了一种新型的全自动风动抽气装置，以增强对流换热。数值模拟表明，该装置可使内部气流增加几个数量级，从而显著增强强制对流，提高整体冷却性能。路基和下面的永久冻土经历了显著的温度下降，随着深度的增加，冷却效果逐渐减弱。即使是在很深的永久冻土层，该装置仍然显示出显著的冷却效果。在试验配置中，配备风动装置的u型碎石层路堤冷却性能最为显著，由于其从护岸碎石层中获得的整体对流效率更高，因此优于配备风动装置的碎石层间路堤。这两种装置都有效地增强了地面放热能力，并大大减轻了长期沉降变形，表明路堤的热稳定性和结构安全性得到了显着改善。此外，该装置具有较强的积雪和沙堵塞适应性，可确保在恶劣环境条件下可靠运行。该研究为改善冻土区多雪和多沙冻土区cre的制冷性能提供了一种创新和实用的方法。

{"title":"A wind-driven device can improve the cooling efficiency of clogged crushed-rock embankments in permafrost regions","authors":"Kun Xiang , Zhi Wen , Yasheng Li , Yuan Li , Aleksandr Zhirkov","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the poor cooling efficiency of crushed-rock embankments (CREs) clogged by snow or sand, a novel fully automatic wind-driven air pumping device is developed to enhance convective heat transfer. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this device can increase the internal airflow by several orders of magnitude, thereby significantly strengthening forced convection and improving the overall cooling performance. The embankment and underlying permafrost experience notable temperature reductions, with the cooling effect gradually diminishing with depth. Even for deep permafrost layers, the device still exhibits a remarkable cooling effect. Among the tested configurations, the U-shaped crushed-rock layer embankment equipped with the wind-driven device exhibits the most pronounced cooling performance, outperforming the crushed-rock interlayer embankment with the device due to its higher overall convective efficiency from the revetment crushed-rock layers. Both equipped CREs effectively enhance the ground heat release capacity and substantially mitigate long-term settlement deformation, demonstrating a significant improvement in the thermal stability and structural safety of embankments. Furthermore, the proposed device shows strong adaptability to snow accumulation and sand clogging, ensuring reliable operation under severe environmental conditions. This study provides an innovative and practical approach for improving the cooling performance of CREs in snowy and sandy permafrost regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Self-Levelling railway sleeper concept and its large-scale testing 铁路自调平轨枕概念及其大规模试验

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101853

A.F. Esen , V. Lojda , A. van Belkom , V. Markine , D.P. Connolly

Railway track transition zones present engineering challenges due to their abrupt change in stiffness between structural elements such as embankments, bridges and tunnels affecting track geometry parameters. Although a variety of stiffness-based remedial measures have been widely applied, their implementation can be constrained by high capital cost, operational disruption, and the complexities associated with modifying the substructure. As a result, interventions in practice commonly focus on controlling permanent deformations and differential settlement, particularly related to the development of hanging sleepers. Thus, this study investigates the use of modular self-levelling sleepers (SLS) as a solution. To do so, two concept SLS systems are designed and developed: one employing a granular mechanism (SLS-G), and the other based on a horizontally acting wedge mechanism (SLS-HW). Both variants use the polymeric sleepers and are designed for compatibility with conventional ballasted track systems. Experimental laboratory testing is undertaken, and it is found that the SLS prototypes were able to restore the sleeper-ballast contact for voids up to 40 mm depth, while stress measurements at the interface indicated improved load distribution under the rails. The findings support the proof-of-concept that self-levelling sleepers have the potential to be a modular, low-disruption solution for mitigating track geometry degradation and reducing maintenance requirements at transition zones.

由于路堤、桥梁和隧道等结构元素之间的刚度突变会影响轨道几何参数，铁路轨道过渡区给工程带来了挑战。尽管各种基于刚度的补救措施已经被广泛应用，但它们的实施可能受到高资金成本、操作中断以及修改子结构相关的复杂性的限制。因此，实践中的干预措施通常侧重于控制永久变形和差异沉降，特别是与悬挂枕木的发展有关。因此，本研究探讨了模块化自找平枕木（SLS）作为解决方案的使用。为此，设计和开发了两种概念SLS系统：一种采用颗粒机制（SLS- g），另一种基于水平作用楔形机制（SLS- hw）。这两种变体都使用聚合物轨枕，并设计用于与传统的有碴轨道系统兼容。进行了实验实验室测试，发现SLS原型能够在深度达40 mm的空隙中恢复轨枕-镇流器接触，而界面处的应力测量表明，轨道下的负载分布得到改善。研究结果支持了自调平轨枕的概念验证，即它有潜力成为一种模块化、低干扰的解决方案，可以减轻轨道几何形状的退化，减少过渡区域的维护需求。

{"title":"A Self-Levelling railway sleeper concept and its large-scale testing","authors":"A.F. Esen , V. Lojda , A. van Belkom , V. Markine , D.P. Connolly","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Railway track transition zones present engineering challenges due to their abrupt change in stiffness between structural elements such as embankments, bridges and tunnels affecting track geometry parameters. Although a variety of stiffness-based remedial measures have been widely applied, their implementation can be constrained by high capital cost, operational disruption, and the complexities associated with modifying the substructure. As a result, interventions in practice commonly focus on controlling permanent deformations and differential settlement, particularly related to the development of hanging sleepers. Thus, this study investigates the use of modular self-levelling sleepers (SLS) as a solution. To do so, two concept SLS systems are designed and developed: one employing a granular mechanism (SLS-G), and the other based on a horizontally acting wedge mechanism (SLS-HW). Both variants use the polymeric sleepers and are designed for compatibility with conventional ballasted track systems. Experimental laboratory testing is undertaken, and it is found that the SLS prototypes were able to restore the sleeper-ballast contact for voids up to 40 mm depth, while stress measurements at the interface indicated improved load distribution under the rails. The findings support the proof-of-concept that self-levelling sleepers have the potential to be a modular, low-disruption solution for mitigating track geometry degradation and reducing maintenance requirements at transition zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101853"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Airport infrastructure risk to liquefaction by deploying multi-modal data and remote sensing 通过部署多模式数据和遥感，机场基础设施对液化的风险

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101849

Maria Taftsoglou , George Papathanassiou , Sotirios Valkaniotis , Sotirios Argyroudis , Stergios-Aristoteles Mitoulis

Airports are critical components of transport infrastructure, contributing to regional socioeconomic vitality and serving as key hubs for emergency response during natural disasters. However, their operations are highly vulnerable to geohazards such as earthquake-induced soil liquefaction and associated ground failures. Despite this vulnerability, there is currently a lack of rapid, regionally scalable tools for assessing liquefaction-related risks specific to airport infrastructure. This paper for the first time in the literature addresses this gap by introducing a practical, geomorphology-informed methodology for the preliminary identification of liquefaction-prone areas and the rapid assessment of risk to airport infrastructure. The proposed approach leverages multimodal data, including surface geological mapping, tailored remote sensing inputs, and established seismic risk models, to develop liquefaction susceptibility maps and estimate potential damage. The methodology is applied to a real-world airport case study under a representative seismic scenario, revealing that large sections of the runway and taxiways are situated on highly susceptible soils. The HAZUS methodology is employed to assess potential losses and is validated using data from three international airports that have experienced documented liquefaction-related damage. This study provides a novel, scalable, and cost-effective framework that can be applied globally to support airport operators, risk engineers, and insurers in rapidly identifying vulnerable zones, prioritizing inspections, and developing targeted mitigation strategies. It contributes to advancing geotechnical risk assessment by bridging regional-scale mapping with infrastructure-specific vulnerability analysis. The methodology has the potential to be extended and applied to other critical infrastructure—such as ports, highways, railways, and industrial facilities—located in areas susceptible to liquefaction.

机场是运输基础设施的重要组成部分，有助于促进区域社会经济活力，并在自然灾害期间成为应急反应的关键枢纽。然而，它们的操作极易受到地质灾害的影响，例如地震引起的土壤液化和相关的地面破坏。尽管存在这种脆弱性，但目前缺乏快速、可扩展的工具来评估机场基础设施的液化相关风险。本文在文献中首次引入了一种实用的地貌学方法，用于初步确定液化易发地区和快速评估机场基础设施的风险，从而解决了这一差距。该方法利用多模式数据，包括地表地质测绘、量身定制的遥感输入和已建立的地震风险模型，开发液化易感性图并估计潜在损害。该方法应用于一个具有代表性的地震情景下的真实机场案例研究，揭示了跑道和滑行道的大部分位于高度敏感的土壤上。HAZUS方法用于评估潜在损失，并使用三个国际机场的数据进行验证，这些机场经历了记录在案的液化相关损害。本研究提供了一种新颖、可扩展且具有成本效益的框架，可在全球范围内应用，以支持机场运营商、风险工程师和保险公司快速识别脆弱区域、确定检查的优先顺序并制定有针对性的缓解策略。它通过将区域尺度的测绘与特定基础设施的脆弱性分析相结合，有助于推进岩土工程风险评估。该方法有可能扩展并应用于其他关键基础设施，如港口、高速公路、铁路和工业设施，这些设施位于易受液化影响的地区。

{"title":"Airport infrastructure risk to liquefaction by deploying multi-modal data and remote sensing","authors":"Maria Taftsoglou , George Papathanassiou , Sotirios Valkaniotis , Sotirios Argyroudis , Stergios-Aristoteles Mitoulis","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airports are critical components of transport infrastructure, contributing to regional socioeconomic vitality and serving as key hubs for emergency response during natural disasters. However, their operations are highly vulnerable to geohazards such as earthquake-induced soil liquefaction and associated ground failures. Despite this vulnerability, there is currently a lack of rapid, regionally scalable tools for assessing liquefaction-related risks specific to airport infrastructure. This paper for the first time in the literature addresses this gap by introducing a practical, geomorphology-informed methodology for the preliminary identification of liquefaction-prone areas and the rapid assessment of risk to airport infrastructure. The proposed approach leverages multimodal data, including surface geological mapping, tailored remote sensing inputs, and established seismic risk models, to develop liquefaction susceptibility maps and estimate potential damage. The methodology is applied to a real-world airport case study under a representative seismic scenario, revealing that large sections of the runway and taxiways are situated on highly susceptible soils. The HAZUS methodology is employed to assess potential losses and is validated using data from three international airports that have experienced documented liquefaction-related damage. This study provides a novel, scalable, and cost-effective framework that can be applied globally to support airport operators, risk engineers, and insurers in rapidly identifying vulnerable zones, prioritizing inspections, and developing targeted mitigation strategies. It contributes to advancing geotechnical risk assessment by bridging regional-scale mapping with infrastructure-specific vulnerability analysis. The methodology has the potential to be extended and applied to other critical infrastructure—such as ports, highways, railways, and industrial facilities—located in areas susceptible to liquefaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101849"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of multi-source solid waste-based stabilizing materials on the improvement of high-salinity silt 多源固体废物基稳定材料对高矿化度淤泥的改善作用

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101851

Yongsheng Yao , Chen Liu , Yuchen Wang , Xiyan Chen , Jue Li , Junjun Ni

High-salinity silt poses challenges in its application as roadbed fill material, including low bearing capacity and leaching of toxic elements. There is an urgent need to develop green solidification treatment technologies for silt based on the resource utilisation of solid waste. This study developed a multi-source solid waste stabilizer (FPC) using fly ash (FA), phosphogypsum (PG), and carbide slag (CS) and investigated its solidification effects on high-salinity silt. At 28 days of curing, the unconfined compressive strength of the FPC stabilized soil reached 4.48 MPa, meeting the strength requirements as outlined in the Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades. Additionally, its elastic modulus was measured at 238.21 MPa, significantly higher than the 106.73 MPa of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) stabilized soil, demonstrating superior resistance to deformation. As the dosage of the stabilizer increased, the stress–strain curve of the stabilized soil exhibited a sharp decline after reaching its peak, indicating brittle failure characteristics. However, its overall mechanical performance remained superior to that of OPC stabilized soil. The FPC stabilized soil maintained good integrity even after multiple wet-dry cycles, with a water stability coefficient reaching 85.84 % at a 10 % applied dosage, primarily due to the cementing effects of hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). This research provides a new technological pathway for the resource utilisation of high-salinity silt, significantly contributing to the enhancement of roadbed material performance with a focus on sustainability.

高矿化度淤泥作为路基填筑材料存在承载力低、有毒元素浸出等问题。开发基于固体废弃物资源化利用的淤泥绿色固化处理技术是迫切需要的。以粉煤灰（FA）、磷石膏（PG）和电石渣（CS）为原料，研制了一种多源固体废物稳定剂（FPC），并研究了其对高矿化度淤泥的固化效果。养护28 d时，FPC稳定土的无侧限抗压强度达到4.48 MPa，满足《公路路基设计规范》的强度要求。其弹性模量为238.21 MPa，显著高于普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）稳定土的106.73 MPa，表现出优异的抗变形能力。随着稳定剂用量的增加，稳定土的应力-应变曲线在达到峰值后急剧下降，表现出脆性破坏特征。但其整体力学性能仍优于OPC稳定土。FPC稳定土即使在多次干湿循环后仍保持良好的完整性，在10%的施用量下，水稳定系数达到85.84%，这主要是由于水化产物如水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）的胶结作用。本研究为高矿化度淤泥的资源利用提供了一条新的技术途径，为提高路基材料的可持续性性能做出了重要贡献。

{"title":"Effects of multi-source solid waste-based stabilizing materials on the improvement of high-salinity silt","authors":"Yongsheng Yao , Chen Liu , Yuchen Wang , Xiyan Chen , Jue Li , Junjun Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-salinity silt poses challenges in its application as roadbed fill material, including low bearing capacity and leaching of toxic elements. There is an urgent need to develop green solidification treatment technologies for silt based on the resource utilisation of solid waste. This study developed a multi-source solid waste stabilizer (FPC) using fly ash (FA), phosphogypsum (PG), and carbide slag (CS) and investigated its solidification effects on high-salinity silt. At 28 days of curing, the unconfined compressive strength of the FPC stabilized soil reached 4.48 MPa, meeting the strength requirements as outlined in the Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades. Additionally, its elastic modulus was measured at 238.21 MPa, significantly higher than the 106.73 MPa of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) stabilized soil, demonstrating superior resistance to deformation. As the dosage of the stabilizer increased, the stress–strain curve of the stabilized soil exhibited a sharp decline after reaching its peak, indicating brittle failure characteristics. However, its overall mechanical performance remained superior to that of OPC stabilized soil. The FPC stabilized soil maintained good integrity even after multiple wet-dry cycles, with a water stability coefficient reaching 85.84 % at a 10 % applied dosage, primarily due to the cementing effects of hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). This research provides a new technological pathway for the resource utilisation of high-salinity silt, significantly contributing to the enhancement of roadbed material performance with a focus on sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal-information-driven surrogate modeling for predictive analysis of shield tunneling-induced settlement 基于时空信息驱动的盾构隧道沉降预测分析代理模型

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101850

Wenyuan Liu , Liyuan Tong , Yuhao Zhang , Hongjiang Li , Yu Xiao , Hao Wu

Ground settlement induced by shield tunneling is a critical concern in underground engineering, featuring complex spatiotemporal dependencies. To address the limitations of existing intelligent surrogate models in comprehensively considering influencing factors and achieving real-time prediction, this study proposes a deep learning-based settlement prediction framework that integrates multi-source information, including geometric features, multi-ring geological conditions, multi-time-step shield tunnelling parameters, and historical settlement records. Attention mechanisms are introduced to extract critical spatiotemporal dependencies, while a residual network is employed to map the fused representation to the predicted settlement. The proposed method is validated using two real tunnelling projects, demonstrating strong predictive performance with testing R² values of 0.92 and 0.97. Comparative experiments with traditional machine learning models and an LSTM-based variant further confirm the superiority of the attention-based architecture. Additionally, analysis of attention weights shows that the model can automatically focus on key operational moments and geologically sensitive strata, thereby enhancing interpretability and providing insights aligned with tunnelling process.

盾构隧道引起的地面沉降是地下工程中一个重要的问题，具有复杂的时空依赖性。针对现有智能代理模型在综合考虑影响因素和实现实时预测方面的局限性，提出了一种基于深度学习的沉降预测框架，该框架融合了几何特征、多环地质条件、多时间步长盾构隧道参数和历史沉降记录等多源信息。引入注意机制提取关键的时空依赖关系，并使用残差网络将融合的表示映射到预测的沉降。通过两个实际隧道工程对该方法进行了验证，检验R2分别为0.92和0.97，具有较强的预测能力。与传统机器学习模型和基于lstm的变体的对比实验进一步证实了基于注意力的架构的优越性。此外，对关注权重的分析表明，该模型可以自动关注关键操作时刻和地质敏感层，从而提高可解释性，并提供与隧道掘进过程一致的见解。

{"title":"Spatiotemporal-information-driven surrogate modeling for predictive analysis of shield tunneling-induced settlement","authors":"Wenyuan Liu , Liyuan Tong , Yuhao Zhang , Hongjiang Li , Yu Xiao , Hao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground settlement induced by shield tunneling is a critical concern in underground engineering, featuring complex spatiotemporal dependencies. To address the limitations of existing intelligent surrogate models in comprehensively considering influencing factors and achieving real-time prediction, this study proposes a deep learning-based settlement prediction framework that integrates multi-source information, including geometric features, multi-ring geological conditions, multi-time-step shield tunnelling parameters, and historical settlement records. Attention mechanisms are introduced to extract critical spatiotemporal dependencies, while a residual network is employed to map the fused representation to the predicted settlement. The proposed method is validated using two real tunnelling projects, demonstrating strong predictive performance with testing R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.92 and 0.97. Comparative experiments with traditional machine learning models and an LSTM-based variant further confirm the superiority of the attention-based architecture. Additionally, analysis of attention weights shows that the model can automatically focus on key operational moments and geologically sensitive strata, thereby enhancing interpretability and providing insights aligned with tunnelling process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101850"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bayesian neural network framework for CPT prediction at sparse sites 稀疏站点CPT预测的贝叶斯神经网络框架

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101837

Pezhman Moradi , Yazan Al-Harahsheh , Masoud Nobahar , Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh

Geotechnical site characterization using in-situ tests, such as cone penetration tests (CPTs), is essential for foundation design but is often limited by sparse spatial coverage, hindering accurate soil variability assessment. This study benchmarks six prediction techniques, Bayesian compressive sampling with Markov chain Monte Carlo (BCS_MCMC), Bayesian neural network (BNN), genetic algorithm (GA), gene expression programming (GEP), empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), and inverse distance weighting (IDW), to predict corrected cone tip resistance (

q_{t}

) at untested locations across ten Louisiana sites. The performance of these techniques is evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean bias factor (λ), coefficient of efficiency (COE), coefficient of variation (COV), and a unified Performance Index (PI) analysis. Results show that BNN, EBK, and IDW consistently achieve higher accuracy, stability, and minimal bias; whereas GA, GEP, and BCS_MCMC exhibited larger errors than BNN/EBK/IDW when validated against measured

q_{t}

profiles. Prediction quality depends strongly on CPT layout, with favorable accuracy at minimum spacing near ∼100 ft and distribution indices between ∼0.05–0.10. The proposed BNN architecture is implemented in the CPT Site Variability Suite (CSVS), a MATLAB tool developed by the authors that automates data processing, interpolation, visualization, and downstream analyses (e.g., variogram derivation and LRFD workflows), all within a single platform. This integrated pipeline enhances reproducibility and supports data-driven foundation design in geotechnical site investigations. Findings pertain to the Louisiana dataset examined and provide a transferable workflow that should be validated for other geologic settings.

使用原位测试（如锥体穿透测试（CPTs））进行岩土场地表征对于基础设计至关重要，但往往受到稀疏空间覆盖的限制，阻碍了准确的土壤变异性评估。本研究对6种预测技术进行了基准测试，包括马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗贝叶斯压缩采样（BCS_MCMC）、贝叶斯神经网络（BNN）、遗传算法（GA）、基因表达编程（GEP）、经验贝叶斯克里格（EBK）和逆距离加权（IDW），以预测路易斯安那州10个未测试地点的校正锥尖阻力（qt）。使用均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）、平均偏差因子（λ）、效率系数（COE）、变异系数（COV）和统一的性能指数（PI）分析来评估这些技术的性能。结果表明，BNN、EBK和IDW均能获得更高的精度、稳定性和最小的偏差；而GA、GEP和BCS_MCMC在对测量的qt谱进行验证时，显示出比BNN/EBK/IDW更大的误差。预测质量很大程度上取决于CPT布局，在最小间距接近~ 100英尺和分布指数在~ 0.05-0.10之间时具有良好的精度。提出的BNN架构在CPT站点可变性套件（CSVS）中实现，这是一个由作者开发的MATLAB工具，可在单个平台内自动化数据处理，插值，可视化和下游分析（例如，变异函数推导和LRFD工作流）。这种集成管道增强了再现性，并支持岩土工程现场调查中数据驱动的基础设计。研究结果与路易斯安那州的数据集有关，并提供了一个可转移的工作流程，可以用于其他地质环境的验证。

{"title":"A bayesian neural network framework for CPT prediction at sparse sites","authors":"Pezhman Moradi , Yazan Al-Harahsheh , Masoud Nobahar , Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geotechnical site characterization using in-situ tests, such as cone penetration tests (CPTs), is essential for foundation design but is often limited by sparse spatial coverage, hindering accurate soil variability assessment. This study benchmarks six prediction techniques, Bayesian compressive sampling with Markov chain Monte Carlo (BCS_MCMC), Bayesian neural network (BNN), genetic algorithm (GA), gene expression programming (GEP), empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), and inverse distance weighting (IDW), to predict corrected cone tip resistance (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) at untested locations across ten Louisiana sites. The performance of these techniques is evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean bias factor (λ), coefficient of efficiency (COE), coefficient of variation (COV), and a unified Performance Index (PI) analysis. Results show that BNN, EBK, and IDW consistently achieve higher accuracy, stability, and minimal bias; whereas GA, GEP, and BCS_MCMC exhibited larger errors than BNN/EBK/IDW when validated against measured <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> profiles. Prediction quality depends strongly on CPT layout, with favorable accuracy at minimum spacing near ∼100 ft and distribution indices between ∼0.05–0.10. The proposed BNN architecture is implemented in the CPT Site Variability Suite (CSVS), a MATLAB tool developed by the authors that automates data processing, interpolation, visualization, and downstream analyses (e.g., variogram derivation and LRFD workflows), all within a single platform. This integrated pipeline enhances reproducibility and supports data-driven foundation design in geotechnical site investigations. Findings pertain to the Louisiana dataset examined and provide a transferable workflow that should be validated for other geologic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time multi-objective optimization and simulation of intelligent compaction for railway subgrade construction 铁路路基施工智能压实实时多目标优化与仿真

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101848

Zhaoxi Ma , Haoding Xu , Qin Zhao , XinHong Hei , Yiyun Zhu , Mingsong Yang , Hongfei Jia

Efficient and quality-controlled compaction is significant in railway subgrade construction, influencing subsequent construction stages and long-term railway operational safety. This study proposes an innovative ensemble Coupled Optimization–Evaluation Algorithm (COEA), integrating intelligent (IC) compaction, surrogate modeling, multi-objective optimization, and discrete event simulation (DES) into a unified, real-time decision-making framework. Initially, a particle swarm optimized back-propagation neural network surrogate model predicts compaction quality, which then inputs to the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III to generate optimized construction schemes. These optimized construction schemes are then evaluated by DES, where the service entity time is predicted by the ARIMA-LSTM hybrid model that captures both linear trends and nonlinear fluctuations in construction times. Field test demonstrates that the COEA significantly enhances compaction efficiency, reducing compaction passes from 8 to 6 while maintaining quality, leading to an 11.4 % reduction in overall construction duration. The simulation predictions closely matched actual construction timelines with only a 1.05 % MAPE. This study provides a comprehensive methodology for improving railway subgrade compaction, precise controlling over compaction quality, time efficiency, and resource allocation, thus offering significant practical and economic benefits.

高效、质量控制的压实在铁路路基施工中具有重要意义，影响后续施工阶段和铁路长期运营安全。本研究提出了一种创新的集成耦合优化-评估算法（COEA），将智能（IC）压缩、代理建模、多目标优化和离散事件仿真（DES）集成到一个统一的实时决策框架中。首先，粒子群优化的反向传播神经网络代理模型预测压实质量，然后输入非支配排序遗传算法III生成优化的施工方案。这些优化的施工方案然后由DES进行评估，其中服务实体时间由ARIMA-LSTM混合模型预测，该模型可以捕获施工时间的线性趋势和非线性波动。现场试验表明，COEA显著提高了压实效率，在保持质量的同时，将压实工序从8道减少到6道，使施工总工期缩短11.4%。模拟预测与实际施工时间表非常吻合，只有1.05%的MAPE。本研究为改善铁路路基压实、精确控制压实质量、时间效率和资源配置提供了综合方法，具有显著的实际和经济效益。

{"title":"Real-time multi-objective optimization and simulation of intelligent compaction for railway subgrade construction","authors":"Zhaoxi Ma , Haoding Xu , Qin Zhao , XinHong Hei , Yiyun Zhu , Mingsong Yang , Hongfei Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and quality-controlled compaction is significant in railway subgrade construction, influencing subsequent construction stages and long-term railway operational safety. This study proposes an innovative ensemble Coupled Optimization–Evaluation Algorithm (COEA), integrating intelligent (IC) compaction, surrogate modeling, multi-objective optimization, and discrete event simulation (DES) into a unified, real-time decision-making framework. Initially, a particle swarm optimized back-propagation neural network surrogate model predicts compaction quality, which then inputs to the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III to generate optimized construction schemes. These optimized construction schemes are then evaluated by DES, where the service entity time is predicted by the ARIMA-LSTM hybrid model that captures both linear trends and nonlinear fluctuations in construction times. Field test demonstrates that the COEA significantly enhances compaction efficiency, reducing compaction passes from 8 to 6 while maintaining quality, leading to an 11.4 % reduction in overall construction duration. The simulation predictions closely matched actual construction timelines with only a 1.05 % MAPE. This study provides a comprehensive methodology for improving railway subgrade compaction, precise controlling over compaction quality, time efficiency, and resource allocation, thus offering significant practical and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101848"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moisture exposure detection in timber using NIR spectroscopy: A feasibility study for railroad condition assessment 用近红外光谱检测木材中的水分暴露：铁路状况评估的可行性研究

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101844

Boshra Besharatian, Sattar Dorafshan

Timber structures are prone to deterioration due to water exposure. Timber ties cover roughly 25 % of typical existing railroad tracks. Water can transport through railroad ties when ballast (base) is saturated due to fouling. Base-exposure of ties to water can be detected in a noncontact manner by analyzing the ties surface diffuse reflectance properties due to the water transport mechanism. In this research, forty cubic white oak samples were exposed to two base conditions, a dry surface and a wet sponge. Distinctive volumetric and unexposed surface moisture were observed between two base conditions. Diffuse reflectance spectra data were collected from the unexposed side of the samples using Near-InfraRed (NIR) hyperspectral imagery system; and a balanced dataset of 290 NIR spectra was formed to develop a discriminative numerical model to detect classify the base exposure. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed on the dataset which identified the most prominent wavelengths on the base classification were around1400 nm. This range is consistent with the presence water molecules and their OH band water absorption. The discriminative model was based on a Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) that achieved 94.4 % and 89.7 % accuracy of training and testing, respectively. The model performance was further improved (recall reduction of 7 %) when training was done with predefined weights. Finally, future research areas are identified for further increase the NIR spectroscopy readiness level for railroad condition assessment in the field.

木结构容易因暴露在水里而变质。木材绑带覆盖了大约25% %的典型现有铁路轨道。当压舱物（基础）因污垢而饱和时，水可以通过铁路纽带运输。由于水的传输机制，通过分析结的表面漫反射特性，可以以非接触的方式检测结与水的基暴露。在这项研究中，40立方的白橡木样品暴露在两种基本条件下，干燥的表面和潮湿的海绵。在两种基本条件下观察到不同的体积和未暴露的表面水分。利用近红外（NIR）高光谱成像系统采集样品未暴露侧的漫反射光谱数据；并建立了290个近红外光谱的平衡数据集，建立了判别型数值模型，对基础曝光进行检测分类。采用主成分分析（PCA）对数据集进行分析，发现基本分类中最突出的波长在1400 nm左右。这一范围与水分子的存在及其OH带吸水率一致。该判别模型基于二次判别分析（Quadratic Discriminant Analysis， QDA），训练和测试准确率分别达到94.4 %和89.7% %。当使用预定义的权重进行训练时，模型性能进一步提高（召回率降低7 %）。最后，确定了未来的研究领域，以进一步提高近红外光谱在铁路状况评估领域的准备水平。

{"title":"Moisture exposure detection in timber using NIR spectroscopy: A feasibility study for railroad condition assessment","authors":"Boshra Besharatian, Sattar Dorafshan","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timber structures are prone to deterioration due to water exposure. Timber ties cover roughly 25 % of typical existing railroad tracks. Water can transport through railroad ties when ballast (base) is saturated due to fouling. Base-exposure of ties to water can be detected in a noncontact manner by analyzing the ties surface diffuse reflectance properties due to the water transport mechanism. In this research, forty cubic white oak samples were exposed to two base conditions, a dry surface and a wet sponge. Distinctive volumetric and unexposed surface moisture were observed between two base conditions. Diffuse reflectance spectra data were collected from the unexposed side of the samples using Near-InfraRed (NIR) hyperspectral imagery system; and a balanced dataset of 290 NIR spectra was formed to develop a discriminative numerical model to detect classify the base exposure. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed on the dataset which identified the most prominent wavelengths on the base classification were around1400 nm. This range is consistent with the presence water molecules and their O<img>H band water absorption. The discriminative model was based on a Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) that achieved 94.4 % and 89.7 % accuracy of training and testing, respectively. The model performance was further improved (recall reduction of 7 %) when training was done with predefined weights. Finally, future research areas are identified for further increase the NIR spectroscopy readiness level for railroad condition assessment in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A DEM creep contact model with damage evolution for frozen soil 冻土损伤演化的DEM蠕变接触模型

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101847

Yihui Yan , Dan Chang , Jiankun Liu , Zhifeng Ren , Zhaohui Sun , Jianfeng Zheng

Frozen soil creep is a key factor in the settlement of cold region subgrades. Clarifying its macro and micromechanical deformation and damage mechanisms is essential for mitigating subgrade distress. To overcome the limitations of the existing creep contact model in PFC for accurately simulating the non-attenuating creep behavior of frozen soil, this study proposes a new discrete element creep contact model that incorporates damage evolution. By introducing a variable-stiffness damage element, the model effectively captures the third-stage creep behavior of frozen soil. Using the central difference method, the study derives the mechanical response equations for each stage of the contact model and compiles a dynamic link library (DLL) in C++ for direct use within the PFC3D software. A comprehensive description of the model development process is provided, and the contact model is validated using a double-sphere model, reproducing the non-attenuating creep curve and revealing the influence of new parameters on creep behavior. As a representative case, a series of triaxial creep tests on frozen subgrade soil under varying temperatures, confining pressures, and deviatoric stresses are conducted, leading to the establishment and calibration of a corresponding discrete element method (DEM) model. The results demonstrate that the model can accurately reproduce the creep mechanical properties of frozen soil across all stages under complex conditions. Furthermore, microscopic analysis of frozen soil reveals the evolution of particle displacement, damage development, internal structure, and pore distribution during different creep stages. The findings extend the application of DEM in studying the mechanical properties of frozen soil and provide a more precise contact model for DEM simulations of creep in frozen soil. It can be further applied to engineering-scale DEM studies of creep in cold region subgrades.

冻土蠕变是寒区路基沉降的关键因素。明确其宏观和微观力学变形和损伤机制是减轻路基破坏的必要条件。为了克服PFC中现有蠕变接触模型在准确模拟冻土非衰减蠕变行为方面的局限性，本文提出了一种考虑损伤演化的离散元蠕变接触模型。该模型通过引入变刚度损伤单元，有效地捕捉了冻土的第三阶段蠕变行为。采用中心差分法，推导了接触模型各阶段的力学响应方程，并在PFC3D软件中编译了一个c++动态链接库（DLL）。全面描述了模型的开发过程，并利用双球模型对接触模型进行了验证，再现了非衰减蠕变曲线，揭示了新参数对蠕变行为的影响。以冻融路基为例，在不同温度、围压和偏应力条件下进行了一系列三轴蠕变试验，建立并标定了相应的离散元法（DEM）模型。结果表明，该模型能较准确地再现复杂条件下冻土各阶段蠕变力学特性。通过细观分析，揭示了不同蠕变阶段冻土颗粒位移、损伤发育、内部结构和孔隙分布的演变过程。研究结果拓展了DEM在冻土力学特性研究中的应用，为冻土蠕变的DEM模拟提供了更为精确的接触模型。该方法可进一步应用于寒区路基蠕变的工程尺度DEM研究。

{"title":"A DEM creep contact model with damage evolution for frozen soil","authors":"Yihui Yan , Dan Chang , Jiankun Liu , Zhifeng Ren , Zhaohui Sun , Jianfeng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frozen soil creep is a key factor in the settlement of cold region subgrades. Clarifying its macro and micromechanical deformation and damage mechanisms is essential for mitigating subgrade distress. To overcome the limitations of the existing creep contact model in PFC for accurately simulating the non-attenuating creep behavior of frozen soil, this study proposes a new discrete element creep contact model that incorporates damage evolution. By introducing a variable-stiffness damage element, the model effectively captures the third-stage creep behavior of frozen soil. Using the central difference method, the study derives the mechanical response equations for each stage of the contact model and compiles a dynamic link library (DLL) in C++ for direct use within the PFC3D software. A comprehensive description of the model development process is provided, and the contact model is validated using a double-sphere model, reproducing the non-attenuating creep curve and revealing the influence of new parameters on creep behavior. As a representative case, a series of triaxial creep tests on frozen subgrade soil under varying temperatures, confining pressures, and deviatoric stresses are conducted, leading to the establishment and calibration of a corresponding discrete element method (DEM) model. The results demonstrate that the model can accurately reproduce the creep mechanical properties of frozen soil across all stages under complex conditions. Furthermore, microscopic analysis of frozen soil reveals the evolution of particle displacement, damage development, internal structure, and pore distribution during different creep stages. The findings extend the application of DEM in studying the mechanical properties of frozen soil and provide a more precise contact model for DEM simulations of creep in frozen soil. It can be further applied to engineering-scale DEM studies of creep in cold region subgrades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101847"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A time-dependent hydration-driven bonded-particle model for simulating strength evolution in cement-stabilised granular soils: Experimental and DEM insights 用于模拟水泥稳定颗粒土强度演变的时间依赖水化驱动的粘结颗粒模型：实验和DEM见解

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Transportation Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101846

Nazanin Mahbubi Motlagh , Hamoun Alimoradi , Mohammad Shamsi

This study presents a time-dependent bonded-particle Discrete Element Method (DEM) model for simulating the mechanical behaviour of cement-stabilised granular soils, incorporating the coupled effects of cement content, water-to-cement (w/c) ratio, and curing duration. A comprehensive micromechanical experimental program was conducted to quantify the evolution of bond strength—including tensile, compressive, and shear components—under varying mix designs and curing ages. The experimentally derived bond strength functions (closed-form) were implemented into a custom-developed DEM contact model to represent particle bonding behaviour realistically under different curing times. The model was validated through a series of 90 unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests on cemented soil samples with varying cement contents (1 %, 2 %, and 3 %), w/c ratios ranging from 0.3 to 1.5, and curing periods of 3 to 90 days. The results revealed that bond strength increased exponentially with curing time, with the majority of strength gain occurring within the first 3–21 days. Numerical simulations closely matched experimental results, demonstrating agreement in peak strength, stress–strain behaviour, and failure modes. DEM simulations show 2.4× higher contact force and 48 % less particle displacement from curing (3–90 days) with increasing cement content. Coordination number rose with longer curing time and higher cement content, then dropped 8–13 % near peak and 3.3–4.5 post-peak, indicating bond breakage and cracking. Bond breakage ratio decreases with curing time due to cement hydration; a lower w/c ratio shows faster bond strength improvement over time. The proposed model reliably predicts cemented soil strength evolution, improving early-age and long-term analysis for geotechnical design.

本研究提出了一个时间相关的黏结颗粒离散元法（DEM）模型，用于模拟水泥稳定颗粒土的力学行为，包括水泥含量、水灰比（w/c）和养护时间的耦合效应。一个全面的微观力学实验程序进行了量化结合强度的演变-包括拉伸，压缩和剪切组件-在不同的混合设计和养护时间。实验导出的键合强度函数（封闭形式）被实现到定制开发的DEM接触模型中，以真实地表示不同固化时间下的颗粒键合行为。该模型通过一系列90个无侧限抗压强度（UCS）试验进行验证，这些试验分别针对不同水泥含量（1%、2%和3%）、w/c比（0.3 ~ 1.5）和养护时间（3 ~ 90天）的水泥土样品。结果表明，粘结强度随固化时间呈指数增长，其中粘结强度增长主要发生在固化前3 ~ 21天。数值模拟结果与实验结果非常吻合，证明了峰值强度、应力-应变行为和破坏模式的一致性。DEM模拟表明，随着水泥掺量的增加，接触力增加2.4倍，固化（3-90天）产生的颗粒位移减少48%。随着养护时间的延长和水泥掺量的增加，配位数呈上升趋势，峰值前后配位数下降8 ~ 13%，峰后配位数下降3.3 ~ 4.5%，表明胶结断裂开裂。由于水泥水化作用，粘结断裂率随养护时间的延长而减小；较低的w/c比表明随着时间的推移，粘结强度的提高更快。该模型可靠地预测了水泥土强度演变，为岩土工程设计提供了早期和长期分析。

{"title":"A time-dependent hydration-driven bonded-particle model for simulating strength evolution in cement-stabilised granular soils: Experimental and DEM insights","authors":"Nazanin Mahbubi Motlagh , Hamoun Alimoradi , Mohammad Shamsi","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a time-dependent bonded-particle Discrete Element Method (DEM) model for simulating the mechanical behaviour of cement-stabilised granular soils, incorporating the coupled effects of cement content, water-to-cement (w/c) ratio, and curing duration. A comprehensive micromechanical experimental program was conducted to quantify the evolution of bond strength—including tensile, compressive, and shear components—under varying mix designs and curing ages. The experimentally derived bond strength functions (closed-form) were implemented into a custom-developed DEM contact model to represent particle bonding behaviour realistically under different curing times. The model was validated through a series of 90 unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests on cemented soil samples with varying cement contents (1 %, 2 %, and 3 %), w/c ratios ranging from 0.3 to 1.5, and curing periods of 3 to 90 days. The results revealed that bond strength increased exponentially with curing time, with the majority of strength gain occurring within the first 3–21 days. Numerical simulations closely matched experimental results, demonstrating agreement in peak strength, stress–strain behaviour, and failure modes. DEM simulations show 2.4× higher contact force and 48 % less particle displacement from curing (3–90 days) with increasing cement content. Coordination number rose with longer curing time and higher cement content, then dropped 8–13 % near peak and 3.3–4.5 post-peak, indicating bond breakage and cracking. Bond breakage ratio decreases with curing time due to cement hydration; a lower w/c ratio shows faster bond strength improvement over time. The proposed model reliably predicts cemented soil strength evolution, improving early-age and long-term analysis for geotechnical design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0