Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100791
Taige Li , Pengcheng Zhao , Peng Wang , Shangming Liu , Linhao Guo , Wei Jin , A. Ping Zhang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Ultra-miniature and sensitive optical fiber-tip optomechanical resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensors” Photoacoustics 46(2025) 100784","authors":"Taige Li , Pengcheng Zhao , Peng Wang , Shangming Liu , Linhao Guo , Wei Jin , A. Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100791"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100783
Roman Allais , Valentin Espinas , Antoine Capart , Anabela Da Silva , Olivier Boiron
Photoacoustics has gained momentum as a new medical imaging technique owing to its ability to benefit from good optical contrast and acoustic resolution. To ease transfer into clinical settings and validate the algorithms, calibrated tissue-mimicking materials (TMM) are required. This paper describes a complete photoacoustic characterisation of a line of titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped agarose hydrogels whose optical absorption (490–835 nm), reduced scattering (590–815 nm), isobaric heat capacity, mass density, speed of sound and acoustic attenuation were quantified for an agarose concentration up to 4% w/w and a TiO2 concentration ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL. Empirical constitutive laws as a function of the concentrations of the components were derived, enabling the creation of TMM with tailored properties. Results showed that these phantoms are suitable candidates to mimic the photoacoustic properties of various soft tissues including intervertebral discs (IVD). Photoacoustic probings performed on an IVD-mimicking phantom and six healthy porcine discs demonstrated the ability of these TMM to accurately replicate healthy IVD properties; this could serve as a first step towards an application of photoacoustic imaging to quantifying disc degeneration.
{"title":"Design and characterisation of intervertebral disc mimicking phantoms for photoacoustic imaging","authors":"Roman Allais , Valentin Espinas , Antoine Capart , Anabela Da Silva , Olivier Boiron","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoacoustics has gained momentum as a new medical imaging technique owing to its ability to benefit from good optical contrast and acoustic resolution. To ease transfer into clinical settings and validate the algorithms, calibrated tissue-mimicking materials (TMM) are required. This paper describes a complete photoacoustic characterisation of a line of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) doped agarose hydrogels whose optical absorption (490–835 nm), reduced scattering (590–815 nm), isobaric heat capacity, mass density, speed of sound and acoustic attenuation were quantified for an agarose concentration up to 4% w/w and a TiO<sub>2</sub> concentration ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL. Empirical constitutive laws as a function of the concentrations of the components were derived, enabling the creation of TMM with tailored properties. Results showed that these phantoms are suitable candidates to mimic the photoacoustic properties of various soft tissues including intervertebral discs (IVD). Photoacoustic probings performed on an IVD-mimicking phantom and six healthy porcine discs demonstrated the ability of these TMM to accurately replicate healthy IVD properties; this could serve as a first step towards an application of photoacoustic imaging to quantifying disc degeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ultra-enhanced near-infrared (NIR) photoacoustic gas sensor was developed by integrating three enhancing techniques: (a) boosting the excitation power up to 2 W via a custom-built large-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), (b) exploiting the acoustic resonance amplification of a hyperbolic nonlinear resonator (HNR), and (c) increasing the effective absorption path length by using a near-concentric multipass cavity (MPC) with 20 reflections. A weak CO absorption line at 1566.64 nm with the intensity of 2.074 × 10−23 cm/molecule was selected. The photoacoustic signal was enhanced 396 times. A minimum detection limit (MDL) of 190 ppb at 10 s was achieved and can be improved to be 11.4 ppb according to the Allan analysis, which was comparable to a mid-infrared (MIR) photoacoustic sensor. The ultra-enhanced NIR photoacoustic sensor is a cost-effective solution for the ppb-level trace gas detection, offering a price that is less than one-third that of MIR photoacoustic sensors.
{"title":"Detecting parts-per-billion carbon monoxide with an ultra-enhanced near-infrared photoacoustic sensor","authors":"Yaopeng Cheng , Ting Chen , Ruili Zhang , Sailing He","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ultra-enhanced near-infrared (NIR) photoacoustic gas sensor was developed by integrating three enhancing techniques: (a) boosting the excitation power up to 2 W via a custom-built large-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), (b) exploiting the acoustic resonance amplification of a hyperbolic nonlinear resonator (HNR), and (c) increasing the effective absorption path length by using a near-concentric multipass cavity (MPC) with 20 reflections. A weak CO absorption line at 1566.64 nm with the intensity of 2.074 × 10<sup>−23</sup> cm/molecule was selected. The photoacoustic signal was enhanced 396 times. A minimum detection limit (MDL) of 190 ppb at 10 s was achieved and can be improved to be 11.4 ppb according to the Allan analysis, which was comparable to a mid-infrared (MIR) photoacoustic sensor. The ultra-enhanced NIR photoacoustic sensor is a cost-effective solution for the ppb-level trace gas detection, offering a price that is less than one-third that of MIR photoacoustic sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100799
Yanfeng Li , Xueshi Zhang , Lixian Liu , Huiting Huan , Boli Su , Zongxuan Mou , Yize Liang , Huailiang Xu , Andreas Mandelis
We present a photoacoustic spectroscopy reconstruction generative adversarial network (PASR-GAN), which boosts the NH3 detection performance of the photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor through collaborative optimization of the light modulation mode, especially under strong background noise. Instead of a sinusoidal wave, a quasi-square wave is used as the modulation waveform due to its higher signal excitation efficiency, achieving a 37 % signal enhancement. PASR-GAN suppresses noise and reconstructs corresponding clean signals by establishing a nonlinear mapping between noisy and clean signals, overcoming the limitations of traditional algorithms that rely on prior assumptions and are difficult to eliminate complex noises. For inherent noise and sudden noise, PASR-GAN exhibits 7.5 times and 172 times noise reduction, respectively. A detection limit of 32.44 ppb and a 0.99999 linear coefficient of determination within the 0–1000 ppm range demonstrate the concentration prediction capability of PASR-GAN. PASR-GAN provides a robust, data-driven approach for signal reconstruction under complex noise environments.
{"title":"Generative adversarial networks-enhanced quasi-square wave modulated photoacoustic spectroscopy: A highly sensitive NH3 detection method under strong background noise","authors":"Yanfeng Li , Xueshi Zhang , Lixian Liu , Huiting Huan , Boli Su , Zongxuan Mou , Yize Liang , Huailiang Xu , Andreas Mandelis","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a photoacoustic spectroscopy reconstruction generative adversarial network (PASR-GAN), which boosts the NH<sub>3</sub> detection performance of the photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor through collaborative optimization of the light modulation mode, especially under strong background noise. Instead of a sinusoidal wave, a quasi-square wave is used as the modulation waveform due to its higher signal excitation efficiency, achieving a 37 % signal enhancement. PASR-GAN suppresses noise and reconstructs corresponding clean signals by establishing a nonlinear mapping between noisy and clean signals, overcoming the limitations of traditional algorithms that rely on prior assumptions and are difficult to eliminate complex noises. For inherent noise and sudden noise, PASR-GAN exhibits 7.5 times and 172 times noise reduction, respectively. A detection limit of 32.44 ppb and a 0.99999 linear coefficient of determination within the 0<strong>–</strong>1000 ppm range demonstrate the concentration prediction capability of PASR-GAN. PASR-GAN provides a robust, data-driven approach for signal reconstruction under complex noise environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100795
Yong Zhou , Zixin Wang , Keith A. Wear , T. Joshua Pfefer , Jesse V. Jokerst , William C. Vogt
Many proposed clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) rely on relative or absolute measurements of blood oxygen saturation (sO2), and evaluation of oximetry measurement accuracy is crucial for assessing device performance. Available bench test methods use phantoms connected to blood flow circuits with tunable oxygenation, but these methods are complex, costly, and pose biohazard safety risks. To address these issues, we have developed stable and tunable blood-mimicking solutions using binary mixtures of commercially available near-infrared organic dyes (NIR746A and IRA980) to enable non-biological phantom-based PAI oximetry test methods. We used spectrophotometry and a custom PA spectroscopy system to characterize dye extinction and PA response at 750 nm and 850 nm, then formulated various dye recipes mimicking sO2 levels from 40 % to 100 %. We then used a custom PAI system to image breast-mimicking polyacrylamide hydrogel phantoms with embedded tubes injected with static volumes of either dye solutions or bovine blood deoxygenated using sodium dithionite. Phantom testing with dyes produced similar performance metrics to blood, with root-mean-squared difference (RMSD) values between photoacoustic sO2 and reference sO2 of 6–17 % for blood and 4–18 % for dyes, sensitivity (slope of the regression line) ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 for blood and 0.4–0.9 for dyes, and depth-averaged bias ranged from 4 % to 17 % for blood and 3–10 % for dyes. These blood-mimicking dyes may offer a simpler, cheaper, safer, and more stable approach to evaluate PAI oximetry accuracy compared to traditional blood flow phantoms. This tool could facilitate establishment of less burdensome and more reproducible phantom-based PAI test methods, ultimately expediting clinical adoption of PAI technology.
{"title":"Blood-mimicking dye phantoms for evaluating photoacoustic oximetry accuracy","authors":"Yong Zhou , Zixin Wang , Keith A. Wear , T. Joshua Pfefer , Jesse V. Jokerst , William C. Vogt","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many proposed clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) rely on relative or absolute measurements of blood oxygen saturation (sO2), and evaluation of oximetry measurement accuracy is crucial for assessing device performance. Available bench test methods use phantoms connected to blood flow circuits with tunable oxygenation, but these methods are complex, costly, and pose biohazard safety risks. To address these issues, we have developed stable and tunable blood-mimicking solutions using binary mixtures of commercially available near-infrared organic dyes (NIR746A and IRA980) to enable non-biological phantom-based PAI oximetry test methods. We used spectrophotometry and a custom PA spectroscopy system to characterize dye extinction and PA response at 750 nm and 850 nm, then formulated various dye recipes mimicking sO2 levels from 40 % to 100 %. We then used a custom PAI system to image breast-mimicking polyacrylamide hydrogel phantoms with embedded tubes injected with static volumes of either dye solutions or bovine blood deoxygenated using sodium dithionite. Phantom testing with dyes produced similar performance metrics to blood, with root-mean-squared difference (RMSD) values between photoacoustic sO2 and reference sO2 of 6–17 % for blood and 4–18 % for dyes, sensitivity (slope of the regression line) ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 for blood and 0.4–0.9 for dyes, and depth-averaged bias ranged from 4 % to 17 % for blood and 3–10 % for dyes. These blood-mimicking dyes may offer a simpler, cheaper, safer, and more stable approach to evaluate PAI oximetry accuracy compared to traditional blood flow phantoms. This tool could facilitate establishment of less burdensome and more reproducible phantom-based PAI test methods, ultimately expediting clinical adoption of PAI technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100794
Yixiao Lin , Lukai Wang , Ian S. Hagemann , Lindsay M. Kuroki , Brooke E. Sanders , Andrea R. Hagemann , Cary Siegel , Matthew A. Powell , Quing Zhu
Diagnosing ovarian lesions is challenging because of their heterogeneous clinical presentations. Some benign ovarian conditions, such as endometriosis, can have features that mimic cancer. We use optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) to study the differences in ovarian vasculature between cancer and various benign conditions. In this study, we converted OR-PAM vascular data into vascular graphs augmented with physical vascular properties. From 94 ovarian specimens, a custom vascular graph network (VGN) was developed to classify each graph as either normal ovary, one of three benign pathologies, or cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that, by leveraging the intrinsic similarity between vascular networks and graph constructs, VGN provides stable predictions from sampling surface areas as small as 3 mm× 0.12 mm. In diagnosing cancer, VGN achieved 79.5 % accuracy and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.877. Overall, VGN achieved a five-class classification accuracy of 73.4 %.
{"title":"Vascular graph network for ovarian lesion classification using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy","authors":"Yixiao Lin , Lukai Wang , Ian S. Hagemann , Lindsay M. Kuroki , Brooke E. Sanders , Andrea R. Hagemann , Cary Siegel , Matthew A. Powell , Quing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diagnosing ovarian lesions is challenging because of their heterogeneous clinical presentations. Some benign ovarian conditions, such as endometriosis, can have features that mimic cancer. We use optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) to study the differences in ovarian vasculature between cancer and various benign conditions. In this study, we converted OR-PAM vascular data into vascular graphs augmented with physical vascular properties. From 94 ovarian specimens, a custom vascular graph network (VGN) was developed to classify each graph as either normal ovary, one of three benign pathologies, or cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that, by leveraging the intrinsic similarity between vascular networks and graph constructs, VGN provides stable predictions from sampling surface areas as small as 3 mm× 0.12 mm. In diagnosing cancer, VGN achieved 79.5 % accuracy and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.877. Overall, VGN achieved a five-class classification accuracy of 73.4 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100796
A. Rezaei , D.A. Pereira , G.V. Bianco , G. Bruno , A. Mrzel , L.G. Arnaut , C. Serpa , M. Jezeršek , D. Vella
Efficient operation of light-to-pressure transducers and flexible fabrication on demand are key factors for the use of photoacoustic devices in various biomedical disciplines. Graphene layers can be grown at wafer scale and transferred to any surface geometry, providing a versatile approach for the development of photoacoustic emitters with a large and nearly uniform thermal interface. Here we report the picosecond excitation of a photoacoustic emitter consisting of a large-area, 10-layer graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition and encapsulated with a polydimethylsiloxane. The theoretical and experimental studies address the generation of broadband ultrasounds upon excitation with nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses, showing how the multilayer graphene can serve as an ultrafast nanoheater to drive efficient expansion of the adjacent polymer layer in the picosecond regime. The picosecond excitation results in a sharper acoustic waveform, and the pressure evolution time is twice as short with a 30 ps excitation as with a 6 ns pulse, thus satisfying the thermal and stress confinement conditions, while energy loss occurs with nanosecond excitation. We experimentally observed that the 10-layer graphene/polydimethylsiloxane generates a high-frequency photoacoustic wave with a bandwidth of about 110 MHz at −6 dB, increasing to 250 MHz at −20 dB, due to stress confinement, increased thermal interface, and ultrafast dynamics. The peak pressure of 0.85 MPa in 3.4 nm thick graphene multilayers (∼20 % absorption of 40 mJ cm–2) is remarkably high, demonstrating its potential as a photoacoustic material and the advantages of combining picosecond excitation with large-area graphene in wave transmission technologies.
{"title":"Ultrafast subwavelength CVD-graphene nanoheater for the generation of broadband photoacoustic waves","authors":"A. Rezaei , D.A. Pereira , G.V. Bianco , G. Bruno , A. Mrzel , L.G. Arnaut , C. Serpa , M. Jezeršek , D. Vella","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient operation of light-to-pressure transducers and flexible fabrication on demand are key factors for the use of photoacoustic devices in various biomedical disciplines. Graphene layers can be grown at wafer scale and transferred to any surface geometry, providing a versatile approach for the development of photoacoustic emitters with a large and nearly uniform thermal interface. Here we report the picosecond excitation of a photoacoustic emitter consisting of a large-area, 10-layer graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition and encapsulated with a polydimethylsiloxane. The theoretical and experimental studies address the generation of broadband ultrasounds upon excitation with nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses, showing how the multilayer graphene can serve as an ultrafast nanoheater to drive efficient expansion of the adjacent polymer layer in the picosecond regime. The picosecond excitation results in a sharper acoustic waveform, and the pressure evolution time is twice as short with a 30 ps excitation as with a 6 ns pulse, thus satisfying the thermal and stress confinement conditions, while energy loss occurs with nanosecond excitation. We experimentally observed that the 10-layer graphene/polydimethylsiloxane generates a high-frequency photoacoustic wave with a bandwidth of about 110 MHz at −6 dB, increasing to 250 MHz at −20 dB, due to stress confinement, increased thermal interface, and ultrafast dynamics. The peak pressure of 0.85 MPa in 3.4 nm thick graphene multilayers (∼20 % absorption of 40 mJ cm<sup>–2</sup>) is remarkably high, demonstrating its potential as a photoacoustic material and the advantages of combining picosecond excitation with large-area graphene in wave transmission technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100796"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100789
Chenghong Zhang , Jacopo Pelini , Stefano Dello Russo , Paolo De Natale , Mario Siciliani de Cumis , Simone Borri
Dual-comb spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for multispecies trace-gas sensing, attracting growing attention in both theoretical and experimental research. Firstly demonstrated and usually applied with direct absorption spectroscopy schemes, the dual-comb approach has been successfully combined with techniques like photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) spectroscopy in recent years. These techniques have been demonstrated to be particularly attractive because of their wavelength-independent and background-free detection, two key features allowing for the achievement of unprecedented dynamic range and flexibility. The integration of these techniques with dual-comb spectroscopy allows a significant enhancement in spectral resolution and bandwidth while preserving the peculiar features of PA and PT spectroscopy. Since the first proof-of-principle demonstration of dual-comb PA spectroscopy, several solutions based on acoustic transducers and optical cavities have been proposed to enhance the final sensitivity and optimize both detection bandwidth and spectral resolution. Starting from the description of the physical principles behind dual-comb PA and PT spectroscopy, this work presents a comprehensive review of the available state-of-the-art, focusing both on the different experimental setups and on a systematic comparison of the achieved results. Finally, the main challenges and prospects will be discussed, offering insights into potential directions for further innovation.
{"title":"Dual-comb photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy: A comprehensive review","authors":"Chenghong Zhang , Jacopo Pelini , Stefano Dello Russo , Paolo De Natale , Mario Siciliani de Cumis , Simone Borri","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-comb spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for multispecies trace-gas sensing, attracting growing attention in both theoretical and experimental research. Firstly demonstrated and usually applied with direct absorption spectroscopy schemes, the dual-comb approach has been successfully combined with techniques like photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) spectroscopy in recent years. These techniques have been demonstrated to be particularly attractive because of their wavelength-independent and background-free detection, two key features allowing for the achievement of unprecedented dynamic range and flexibility. The integration of these techniques with dual-comb spectroscopy allows a significant enhancement in spectral resolution and bandwidth while preserving the peculiar features of PA and PT spectroscopy. Since the first proof-of-principle demonstration of dual-comb PA spectroscopy, several solutions based on acoustic transducers and optical cavities have been proposed to enhance the final sensitivity and optimize both detection bandwidth and spectral resolution. Starting from the description of the physical principles behind dual-comb PA and PT spectroscopy, this work presents a comprehensive review of the available state-of-the-art, focusing both on the different experimental setups and on a systematic comparison of the achieved results. Finally, the main challenges and prospects will be discussed, offering insights into potential directions for further innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100797
Yixin Lai , Qiong Zhang , Zhengnan Yin
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that uniquely combines high spatial resolution with deep tissue penetration in a non-invasive manner, holding significant promise for diverse applications. However, image reconstruction quality in PAT severely degrades under limited-view data acquisition scenarios, such as those imposed by the physical constraints of intracavitary imaging. Conventional reconstruction methods (e.g., Delay-and-Sum, DAS) under these conditions typically yield images plagued by severe artifacts and loss of fine structural details. While deep learning (DL) approaches offer some improvement, existing post-processing methods still struggle to accurately recover intricate anatomical features from severely undersampled, limited-view data, often resulting in blurred details or persistent artifacts. To address these critical limitations, we propose DUAFF-Net, a novel dual-stream deep learning architecture. DUAFF-Net uniquely processes two complementary input representations in parallel: 1) conventional DAS reconstructions, and 2) pixel-wise interpolated raw data. The network employs a sophisticated two-stage feature fusion strategy to maximize information extraction and synergy. In the first stage, the Multi-scale Information Aggregation and Feature-refinement Module (MIAF-Module) enables early-stage cross-modal information complementarity and feature enhancement. Subsequently, the Global Context and Deep Fusion Module (GCDF-Module) focuses on holistic feature optimization and deep integration across the streams. These modules work synergistically to progressively refine the reconstruction. Extensive experiments on simulated PAT datasets of retinal vasculature and complex brain structures, as well as an in vivo mouse abdomen dataset, demonstrate that DUAFF-Net robustly generates high-quality images even under highly incomplete data conditions. Quantitative evaluation shows that DUAFF-Net achieves substantial improvements over the standard DAS algorithm, with gains of ∼18.38 dB in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and ∼0.69 in Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). Furthermore, DUAFF-Net consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art DL-based reconstruction models across multiple metrics, demonstrating its superior capability in preserving fine details and suppressing artifacts, thereby establishing comprehensive performance advantages for limited-view PAT reconstruction.
光声断层扫描（PAT）是一种新兴的生物医学成像方式，它以非侵入性的方式将高空间分辨率与深层组织渗透相结合，具有广泛的应用前景。然而，在有限视点数据采集场景下，如腔内成像的物理约束，PAT的图像重建质量严重下降。在这些条件下，传统的重建方法（例如，Delay-and-Sum， DAS）通常会产生严重伪影和精细结构细节丢失的图像。虽然深度学习（DL）方法提供了一些改进，但现有的后处理方法仍然难以从严重采样不足、视野有限的数据中准确恢复复杂的解剖特征，这通常会导致细节模糊或持久的伪影。为了解决这些关键的限制，我们提出了DUAFF-Net，一种新的双流深度学习架构。duaf - net唯一地并行处理两个互补的输入表示：1)传统的DAS重建，以及2)逐像素插值的原始数据。该网络采用复杂的两阶段特征融合策略，最大限度地提取信息和协同。在第一阶段，多尺度信息聚合和特征细化模块（MIAF-Module）实现早期的跨模态信息互补和特征增强。随后，Global Context and Deep Fusion Module （GCDF-Module）侧重于整体特征优化和跨流深度融合。这些模块协同工作，逐步完善重建。在视网膜血管和复杂脑结构的模拟PAT数据集以及体内小鼠腹部数据集上进行的大量实验表明，即使在高度不完整的数据条件下，duaf - net也能鲁棒地生成高质量的图像。定量评估表明，与标准DAS算法相比，DUAFF-Net实现了实质性改进，峰值信噪比（PSNR）的增益为~ 18.38 dB，结构相似性指数（SSIM）的增益为~ 0.69。此外，duaf - net在多个指标上始终优于其他最先进的基于dl的重建模型，展示了其在保留精细细节和抑制工件方面的卓越能力，从而为有限视图PAT重建建立了全面的性能优势。
{"title":"Attention-driven complementary information fusion network for sparse photoacoustic image reconstruction","authors":"Yixin Lai , Qiong Zhang , Zhengnan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that uniquely combines high spatial resolution with deep tissue penetration in a non-invasive manner, holding significant promise for diverse applications. However, image reconstruction quality in PAT severely degrades under limited-view data acquisition scenarios, such as those imposed by the physical constraints of intracavitary imaging. Conventional reconstruction methods (e.g., Delay-and-Sum, DAS) under these conditions typically yield images plagued by severe artifacts and loss of fine structural details. While deep learning (DL) approaches offer some improvement, existing post-processing methods still struggle to accurately recover intricate anatomical features from severely undersampled, limited-view data, often resulting in blurred details or persistent artifacts. To address these critical limitations, we propose DUAFF-Net, a novel dual-stream deep learning architecture. DUAFF-Net uniquely processes two complementary input representations in parallel: 1) conventional DAS reconstructions, and 2) pixel-wise interpolated raw data. The network employs a sophisticated two-stage feature fusion strategy to maximize information extraction and synergy. In the first stage, the Multi-scale Information Aggregation and Feature-refinement Module (MIAF-Module) enables early-stage cross-modal information complementarity and feature enhancement. Subsequently, the Global Context and Deep Fusion Module (GCDF-Module) focuses on holistic feature optimization and deep integration across the streams. These modules work synergistically to progressively refine the reconstruction. Extensive experiments on simulated PAT datasets of retinal vasculature and complex brain structures, as well as an <em>in vivo</em> mouse abdomen dataset, demonstrate that DUAFF-Net robustly generates high-quality images even under highly incomplete data conditions. Quantitative evaluation shows that DUAFF-Net achieves substantial improvements over the standard DAS algorithm, with gains of ∼18.38 dB in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and ∼0.69 in Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). Furthermore, DUAFF-Net consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art DL-based reconstruction models across multiple metrics, demonstrating its superior capability in preserving fine details and suppressing artifacts, thereby establishing comprehensive performance advantages for limited-view PAT reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100797"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100788
Zhijie Luo , Yiqiong Zheng , Ruixi Sun , Wenye Gong , Jiayu Wang , Guangwei Chen , Ye Zhang , Runqi Zhao , Daohuai Jiang , Fei Gao , Xiru Li
Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) synergizes light's optical contrast with ultrasound's penetration depth via the photoacoustic effect. Breast cancer remains a global challenge, particular demanding precise intraoperative tumor demarcation during breast-conserving surgery (BCS). PAI has the potential to address this need by enabling boundary delineation, promoting complete resection and healthy tissue preservation. This review summarizes breast cancer epidemiology and BCS's clinical demands, highlighting PAI's unique advantages for intraoperative use. PAI can dynamically monitor cellular/tissue morphology, blood oxygen saturation, vasculature, and tumor-associated calcifications, generating high-contrast tumor margin information. This real-time feedback enhances surgical precision, reduces recurrence rates, and improves breast aesthetics and patient quality of life. Despite translational challenges, PAI is poised to become a revolutionary tool for optimizing BCS outcomes.
{"title":"Photoacoustic imaging: An emerging tool for intraoperative margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery","authors":"Zhijie Luo , Yiqiong Zheng , Ruixi Sun , Wenye Gong , Jiayu Wang , Guangwei Chen , Ye Zhang , Runqi Zhao , Daohuai Jiang , Fei Gao , Xiru Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) synergizes light's optical contrast with ultrasound's penetration depth via the photoacoustic effect. Breast cancer remains a global challenge, particular demanding precise intraoperative tumor demarcation during breast-conserving surgery (BCS). PAI has the potential to address this need by enabling boundary delineation, promoting complete resection and healthy tissue preservation. This review summarizes breast cancer epidemiology and BCS's clinical demands, highlighting PAI's unique advantages for intraoperative use. PAI can dynamically monitor cellular/tissue morphology, blood oxygen saturation, vasculature, and tumor-associated calcifications, generating high-contrast tumor margin information. This real-time feedback enhances surgical precision, reduces recurrence rates, and improves breast aesthetics and patient quality of life. Despite translational challenges, PAI is poised to become a revolutionary tool for optimizing BCS outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100788"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号