Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100784
Taige Li , Pengcheng Zhao , Peng Wang , Shangming Liu , Linhao Guo , Wei Jin , A. Ping Zhang
Optomechanical resonator (OMR)-based photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensors have garnered significant attention for ultra-sensitive and selective trace-gas detection. However, it remains challenging for optomechanical resonant PAS (OMR-PAS) sensors to achieve both high sensitivity and miniature size for trace-gas detection with minimal consumption in space-constrained environments. Here, we present a monolithically designed optical fiber-tip OMR-PAS sensor, in which a micrometer-scale planar-spiral-spring OMR (PSS-OMR) is 3D micro-printed on the end face of optical fiber, enabling ultrasensitive gas sensing with nanoliter-level consumption. Compared to off-resonance operation, this fiber-tip OMR-PAS sensor operating in resonance mode produces a significantly stronger photoacoustic signal, improving the signal-to-noise ratio by more than five times. The sensor can detect acetylene gas at 55 ppb without the need for an additional photoacoustic cell. Its response time can be as fast as 0.2 s. This ultra-miniature and highly sensitive fiber-tip OMR-PAS sensor may become a powerful tool for various trace-gas monitoring applications.
{"title":"Ultra-miniature and sensitive optical fiber-tip optomechanical resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensors","authors":"Taige Li , Pengcheng Zhao , Peng Wang , Shangming Liu , Linhao Guo , Wei Jin , A. Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optomechanical resonator (OMR)-based photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensors have garnered significant attention for ultra-sensitive and selective trace-gas detection. However, it remains challenging for optomechanical resonant PAS (OMR-PAS) sensors to achieve both high sensitivity and miniature size for trace-gas detection with minimal consumption in space-constrained environments. Here, we present a monolithically designed optical fiber-tip OMR-PAS sensor, in which a micrometer-scale planar-spiral-spring OMR (PSS-OMR) is 3D micro-printed on the end face of optical fiber, enabling ultrasensitive gas sensing with nanoliter-level consumption. Compared to off-resonance operation, this fiber-tip OMR-PAS sensor operating in resonance mode produces a significantly stronger photoacoustic signal, improving the signal-to-noise ratio by more than five times. The sensor can detect acetylene gas at 55 ppb without the need for an additional photoacoustic cell. Its response time can be as fast as 0.2 s. This ultra-miniature and highly sensitive fiber-tip OMR-PAS sensor may become a powerful tool for various trace-gas monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100782
Cian F. Twomey , Gabriele Biagi , Albert A. Ruth , Farhan Ali , Andrea Di Falco , Liam O’Faolain , Anton J. Walsh
We report an all-fiber laser gas analyzer (LGA) based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) that exploits strong evanescent wave (EW) enhancement using a dielectric coating on side-polished fiber. The dielectric coating increases the fraction of the evanescent field in air, significantly amplifying light–gas interaction within the polished region. A single-mode fiber with a 17 mm polished section passes through two millimeter-scale resonator tubes and a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with 0.8 mm prong spacing. The optimized EW coupling efficiently generates photoacoustic waves that excite the QTF’s fundamental flexural mode. Methane–nitrogen mixtures at 800 mbar were used to evaluate performance, achieving a detection limit of 2.5 ppmv for CH4 with 300 ms integration time. By enhancing the evanescent interaction within a compact, robust fiber geometry, this EW-QEPAS sensor eliminates free-space optics and offers a miniaturized, field-deployable solution for gas detection in industrial and agricultural environments.
{"title":"Side-polished fiber evanescent wave quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy employing dielectric coatings for evanescent field enhancement","authors":"Cian F. Twomey , Gabriele Biagi , Albert A. Ruth , Farhan Ali , Andrea Di Falco , Liam O’Faolain , Anton J. Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an all-fiber laser gas analyzer (LGA) based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) that exploits strong evanescent wave (EW) enhancement using a dielectric coating on side-polished fiber. The dielectric coating increases the fraction of the evanescent field in air, significantly amplifying light–gas interaction within the polished region. A single-mode fiber with a 17 mm polished section passes through two millimeter-scale resonator tubes and a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with 0.8 mm prong spacing. The optimized EW coupling efficiently generates photoacoustic waves that excite the QTF’s fundamental flexural mode. Methane–nitrogen mixtures at 800 mbar were used to evaluate performance, achieving a detection limit of 2.5 ppmv for CH<sub>4</sub> with 300 ms integration time. By enhancing the evanescent interaction within a compact, robust fiber geometry, this EW-QEPAS sensor eliminates free-space optics and offers a miniaturized, field-deployable solution for gas detection in industrial and agricultural environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100781
B. Anghinoni , L.C. Malacarne , C. Jacinto , M.L. Baesso , B. Lendl , N.G.C. Astrath
We consider the deformation of transparent liquid surfaces under the influence of radiation pressure generated from a gaussian laser beam with oblique incidence. It is seen that the beam intensity cross-section at the surface becomes elliptical, presenting a distinct behavior from the models with cylindrical symmetry previously adopted in the literature to describe experimental observations. Semi-analytical solutions to the equilibrium deformations in terms of Green’s functions are also presented. Based on these solutions, numerical simulations for an air–water interface were carried out, showing that in typical scenarios the modified beam intensity generates larger deformations as function of the incidence angle, with differences up to order of 10 nm, which should be observable by current experimental optical techniques. A proposal of such measurement employing a photo-induced mirror technique was also simulated, where it was seen that the expected experimental signal does present the sensitivity required to distinguish between the considered models.
{"title":"Radiation-pressure-induced surface deformation of transparent liquids due to laser beams under oblique incidence","authors":"B. Anghinoni , L.C. Malacarne , C. Jacinto , M.L. Baesso , B. Lendl , N.G.C. Astrath","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the deformation of transparent liquid surfaces under the influence of radiation pressure generated from a gaussian laser beam with oblique incidence. It is seen that the beam intensity cross-section at the surface becomes elliptical, presenting a distinct behavior from the models with cylindrical symmetry previously adopted in the literature to describe experimental observations. Semi-analytical solutions to the equilibrium deformations in terms of Green’s functions are also presented. Based on these solutions, numerical simulations for an air–water interface were carried out, showing that in typical scenarios the modified beam intensity generates larger deformations as function of the incidence angle, with differences up to order of 10 nm, which should be observable by current experimental optical techniques. A proposal of such measurement employing a photo-induced mirror technique was also simulated, where it was seen that the expected experimental signal does present the sensitivity required to distinguish between the considered models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precise measurement of formaldehyde (H2CO) is a vital defense line for health, crucial for risk warning and prevention of major diseases like leukemia and cancer. The cross-interference of commercial electrochemical and metal oxide semiconductor sensors is grievous for H2CO sensing. Spraying disinfection alcohol, culinary steam, or even perfume may mistakenly trigger warnings. In this work, a low-cost 3D-printed differential photoacoustic cell (PAC) with a ultraviolet (UV) laser is developed for trace H2CO detection based on the photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technology. A 3D-printed differential PAC is an integrated structure composed of two differential channels, two gas buffer chambers, a gas inlet and a gas outlet. Two steel tubes with identical length and an internal diameter of 4 mm are inserted into two differential channels to enhance the photoacoustic signal, respectively. Consequently, the differential PAC has a resonant frequency of 3775.5 Hz and a Q-factor of 27, with a minimal gas sample requirement of only 7.3 mL and a weight of 32.4 g. A 1σ detection limit of 1.03 ppm is achieved using a 320 nm 10 mW UV laser with an integration time of 1 s. An Allan-Werle deviation analysis indicates that the detection limit can be improved to 68.5 ppb at the optimal integration time of 969 s.
{"title":"Ppb-level formaldehyde sensor utilizing a compact 3D-printed differential photoacoustic cell and a 320 nm UV laser","authors":"Xiu Yang , Biao Li , Xiao Geng , Tianbai Zhao , Qiwen Yu , Jiajia Hou , Dacheng Zhang , Yize Liang , Kaijie Xu , Hongpeng Wu , Xukun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise measurement of formaldehyde (H<sub>2</sub>CO) is a vital defense line for health, crucial for risk warning and prevention of major diseases like leukemia and cancer. The cross-interference of commercial electrochemical and metal oxide semiconductor sensors is grievous for H<sub>2</sub>CO sensing. Spraying disinfection alcohol, culinary steam, or even perfume may mistakenly trigger warnings. In this work, a low-cost 3D-printed differential photoacoustic cell (PAC) with a ultraviolet (UV) laser is developed for trace H<sub>2</sub>CO detection based on the photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technology. A 3D-printed differential PAC is an integrated structure composed of two differential channels, two gas buffer chambers, a gas inlet and a gas outlet. Two steel tubes with identical length and an internal diameter of 4 mm are inserted into two differential channels to enhance the photoacoustic signal, respectively. Consequently, the differential PAC has a resonant frequency of 3775.5 Hz and a <em>Q</em>-factor of 27, with a minimal gas sample requirement of only 7.3 mL and a weight of 32.4 g. A 1σ detection limit of 1.03 ppm is achieved using a 320 nm 10 mW UV laser with an integration time of 1 s. An Allan-Werle deviation analysis indicates that the detection limit can be improved to 68.5 ppb at the optimal integration time of 969 s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100778
Rik de Jong , Milou E. Noltes , Hendrika Bootsma , Gooitzen M. van Dam , Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans , Schelto Kruijff , Riemer H.J.A. Slart , Alja Stel , Max J.H. Witjes , Konstantina Delli , Jasper Vonk
Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a systemic auto-immune disease characterized by salivary gland inflammation and glandular dysfunction. Diagnosis is challenging due to its heterogeneity and currently relies on a variety of tests that are present in the ACR-EULAR classification criteria. These include invasive and resource-intensive tests, highlighting the unmet need for a single, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic modality. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), enabling functional imaging of hemoglobin-related parameters, may address this gap. This pilot study evaluates MSOT's potential for salivary gland imaging in patients suspected of SjD. This study included 20 patients clinically suspected of SjD. Which underwent MSOT imaging of the major salivary glands, alongside the full ACR-EULAR diagnostic workup, including serology, salivary gland biopsy, and sialometry, alongside salivary gland ultrasound. MSOT parameters were compared to standard of care diagnostic modalities and ultrasound scoring systems. A novel MSOT scoring system based on 800 nm hemoglobin signals was developed to evaluate diagnostic performance. Patients classified as SjD (n = 13) show significantly higher hemoglobin-related signals compared to non-SjD patients (n = 7). When ≥ 2 salivary glands, either submandibular or parotid, exceeded their predefined MSOT cut-off values of 371.6 a.u. and 374.2 a.u., respectively, MSOT achieved 92 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for SjD classification, outperforming other diagnostic tests and established ultrasound scoring systems. MSOT shows promise as non-invasive imaging modality for SjD classification, and may offer higher sensitivity compared to established ultrasound scoring systems and other diagnostic tests. These explorative findings support further investigation of MSOT as non-invasive diagnostic tool in SjD.
{"title":"Multispectral optoacoustic tomography of salivary glands in patients with clinically suspected Sjögren’s disease: A pilot study","authors":"Rik de Jong , Milou E. Noltes , Hendrika Bootsma , Gooitzen M. van Dam , Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans , Schelto Kruijff , Riemer H.J.A. Slart , Alja Stel , Max J.H. Witjes , Konstantina Delli , Jasper Vonk","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a systemic auto-immune disease characterized by salivary gland inflammation and glandular dysfunction. Diagnosis is challenging due to its heterogeneity and currently relies on a variety of tests that are present in the ACR-EULAR classification criteria. These include invasive and resource-intensive tests, highlighting the unmet need for a single, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic modality. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), enabling functional imaging of hemoglobin-related parameters, may address this gap. This pilot study evaluates MSOT's potential for salivary gland imaging in patients suspected of SjD. This study included 20 patients clinically suspected of SjD. Which underwent MSOT imaging of the major salivary glands, alongside the full ACR-EULAR diagnostic workup, including serology, salivary gland biopsy, and sialometry, alongside salivary gland ultrasound. MSOT parameters were compared to standard of care diagnostic modalities and ultrasound scoring systems. A novel MSOT scoring system based on 800 nm hemoglobin signals was developed to evaluate diagnostic performance. Patients classified as SjD (n = 13) show significantly higher hemoglobin-related signals compared to non-SjD patients (n = 7). When ≥ 2 salivary glands, either submandibular or parotid, exceeded their predefined MSOT cut-off values of 371.6 a.u. and 374.2 a.u., respectively, MSOT achieved 92 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for SjD classification, outperforming other diagnostic tests and established ultrasound scoring systems. MSOT shows promise as non-invasive imaging modality for SjD classification, and may offer higher sensitivity compared to established ultrasound scoring systems and other diagnostic tests. These explorative findings support further investigation of MSOT as non-invasive diagnostic tool in SjD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100779
Ryo Murakami , Yang Wang , Wojciech G. Lesniak , Ryosuke Tsumura , Yichuan Tang , Shang Gao , Yasuyuki Tsunoi , Christopher J. Nycz , Martin G. Pomper , Gregory S. Fischer , Haichong K. Zhang
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in males. While MRI is widely used for PCa diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, it is limited by its poor specificity in detecting aggressive PCa. Molecular targeted photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a non-ionizing technique known for its potential to achieve both high sensitivity and specificity. It also provides real-time imaging capability, which complements MRI’s limitation of slow imaging speed during intraoperative image-guided procedures. This research presents a tri-modal imaging system that integrates MRI, PA, and ultrasound (US) to enhance PCa diagnosis and image-guided procedures. We introduce an MRI-compatible PA/US imaging platform featuring a reflector-based transrectal probe with an integrated optical fiber delivery channel. The probe’s MRI-compatible actuation system enables 3D PA/US imaging in parallel with MRI scanning. Comprehensive performance evaluation included phantom studies to assess imaging quality, MRI compatibility, and in vivo validation. Results demonstrated successful tri-modal imaging capabilities with acceptable MRI artifacts and confirmed the system’s effectiveness for spectroscopic PA imaging with an exogenous contrast agent. The platform functions during active MRI scan sequences, enabling rapid target visualization without requiring patient repositioning between MRI and PA/US suites. These findings support the feasibility of in-bore MRI-compatible PA/US imaging and demonstrate its potential for clinical translation in the diagnosis and management of PCa.
{"title":"In-bore MRI-compatible transrectal ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging","authors":"Ryo Murakami , Yang Wang , Wojciech G. Lesniak , Ryosuke Tsumura , Yichuan Tang , Shang Gao , Yasuyuki Tsunoi , Christopher J. Nycz , Martin G. Pomper , Gregory S. Fischer , Haichong K. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in males. While MRI is widely used for PCa diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, it is limited by its poor specificity in detecting aggressive PCa. Molecular targeted photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a non-ionizing technique known for its potential to achieve both high sensitivity and specificity. It also provides real-time imaging capability, which complements MRI’s limitation of slow imaging speed during intraoperative image-guided procedures. This research presents a tri-modal imaging system that integrates MRI, PA, and ultrasound (US) to enhance PCa diagnosis and image-guided procedures. We introduce an MRI-compatible PA/US imaging platform featuring a reflector-based transrectal probe with an integrated optical fiber delivery channel. The probe’s MRI-compatible actuation system enables 3D PA/US imaging in parallel with MRI scanning. Comprehensive performance evaluation included phantom studies to assess imaging quality, MRI compatibility, and <em>in vivo</em> validation. Results demonstrated successful tri-modal imaging capabilities with acceptable MRI artifacts and confirmed the system’s effectiveness for spectroscopic PA imaging with an exogenous contrast agent. The platform functions during active MRI scan sequences, enabling rapid target visualization without requiring patient repositioning between MRI and PA/US suites. These findings support the feasibility of in-bore MRI-compatible PA/US imaging and demonstrate its potential for clinical translation in the diagnosis and management of PCa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100777
Yixin Yao , Changshen Zhang , Kepei Du , Kun Wang , Jiao Li , Zhen Tian , Weili Zhang
Accurate determination of water-oil ratios in multiphase systems faces persistent challenges in achieving non-invasive global measurements due to the intrinsic limitations of conventional detection modalities. We develop a terahertz optoacoustic method that enables real-time quantification of water-oil ratios across the full operational range (0–100 %) in both static and dynamic regimes. For quiescent systems, the technique achieves spatially resolved mapping of phase distributions through terahertz optoacoustic imaging while simultaneously monitoring emulsion destabilization dynamics—key for assessing storage stability. In dynamic pipeline flows, we establish a dual-parameter detection paradigm: signal intensity linearity (R²=0.985) characterizes slug flow patterns, whereas time-delay correlation (R²=0.996) deciphers stratified flow configurations. The technique's unique combination of non-ionizing terahertz excitation and plastic-penetrating ultrasonic detection establishes a new paradigm for in situ monitoring in petroleum refining and edible oil processing, particularly through opaque polymer pipelines.
{"title":"Non-destructive inspection of oil-water two-phase systems by terahertz optoacoustics","authors":"Yixin Yao , Changshen Zhang , Kepei Du , Kun Wang , Jiao Li , Zhen Tian , Weili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate determination of water-oil ratios in multiphase systems faces persistent challenges in achieving non-invasive global measurements due to the intrinsic limitations of conventional detection modalities. We develop a terahertz optoacoustic method that enables real-time quantification of water-oil ratios across the full operational range (0–100 %) in both static and dynamic regimes. For quiescent systems, the technique achieves spatially resolved mapping of phase distributions through terahertz optoacoustic imaging while simultaneously monitoring emulsion destabilization dynamics—key for assessing storage stability. In dynamic pipeline flows, we establish a dual-parameter detection paradigm: signal intensity linearity (R²=0.985) characterizes slug flow patterns, whereas time-delay correlation (R²=0.996) deciphers stratified flow configurations. The technique's unique combination of non-ionizing terahertz excitation and plastic-penetrating ultrasonic detection establishes a new paradigm for in situ monitoring in petroleum refining and edible oil processing, particularly through opaque polymer pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100776
Chuqin Huang , Yanda Cheng , Xiaoyu Zhang , Ye Zhan , Wenhan Zheng , Isabel Komornicki , Linda M. Harris , Wenyao Xu , Jun Xia
Accurate assessment of tissue perfusion is essential for managing chronic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. While photoacoustic (PA) imaging enables high-resolution visualization of vascular structures, current perfusion evaluation methods are limited. We propose a fully automated radiomics-based framework for predicting perfusion conditions using single-wavelength clinical PA foot imaging. Radiomics features were extracted from both raw radiofrequency (RF) signals and reconstructed maximum amplitude projection (MAP) images. After reproducibility testing and statistical filtering, features were ranked using a combined minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) and ReliefF approach. A k-nearest neighbors ensemble model trained on eight selected features achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 (training) and 0.94 (test). The selected features corresponded with physiological indicators such as vessel density, tissue structure, and vascular discontinuity. This study demonstrates a reliable and interpretable method for perfusion assessment in PA imaging with strong clinical potential.
{"title":"Radiomics-driven perfusion prediction in clinical photoacoustic foot imaging","authors":"Chuqin Huang , Yanda Cheng , Xiaoyu Zhang , Ye Zhan , Wenhan Zheng , Isabel Komornicki , Linda M. Harris , Wenyao Xu , Jun Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate assessment of tissue perfusion is essential for managing chronic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. While photoacoustic (PA) imaging enables high-resolution visualization of vascular structures, current perfusion evaluation methods are limited. We propose a fully automated radiomics-based framework for predicting perfusion conditions using single-wavelength clinical PA foot imaging. Radiomics features were extracted from both raw radiofrequency (RF) signals and reconstructed maximum amplitude projection (MAP) images. After reproducibility testing and statistical filtering, features were ranked using a combined minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) and ReliefF approach. A k-nearest neighbors ensemble model trained on eight selected features achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 (training) and 0.94 (test). The selected features corresponded with physiological indicators such as vessel density, tissue structure, and vascular discontinuity. This study demonstrates a reliable and interpretable method for perfusion assessment in PA imaging with strong clinical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100774
Liying Zhu , Xiaoxuan Zhong , Xuanhao Zhang , Huan Cheng , Long Jin , Yizhi Liang , Lidai Wang
Fiber laser sensors offer significant advantages for photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), including compact size, electromagnetic immunity, and suitability for fast scanning systems. However, its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may rapidly degrade when the field of view (FOV) is enlarged. This compromised SNR adversely affects the accuracy of blood oxygen saturation (sO2) derived from noisy photoacoustic signals. To address this problem, a two-stage deep learning framework for fiber laser sensor-based PAM is proposed. The first stage reduces the 3D data to 2D image and suppresses the noises. The second stage integrates the dual-wavelengths images and suppresses the spectral distortion, so that the accuracy of sO2 can be preserved. The network performance is validated using imaging datasets acquired with a conventional high-SNR photoacoustic microscopy system. Results demonstrate that this approach does not only denoise images acquired with the unfocused fiber laser sensor, but also maintains high fidelity in sO2 calculation, addressing a key challenge in fast functional PAM.
{"title":"Spectral-distortion-suppressed deep learning for fiber sensor photoacoustic microscopy","authors":"Liying Zhu , Xiaoxuan Zhong , Xuanhao Zhang , Huan Cheng , Long Jin , Yizhi Liang , Lidai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber laser sensors offer significant advantages for photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), including compact size, electromagnetic immunity, and suitability for fast scanning systems. However, its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may rapidly degrade when the field of view (FOV) is enlarged. This compromised SNR adversely affects the accuracy of blood oxygen saturation (sO<sub>2</sub>) derived from noisy photoacoustic signals. To address this problem, a two-stage deep learning framework for fiber laser sensor-based PAM is proposed. The first stage reduces the 3D data to 2D image and suppresses the noises. The second stage integrates the dual-wavelengths images and suppresses the spectral distortion, so that the accuracy of sO<sub>2</sub> can be preserved. The network performance is validated using imaging datasets acquired with a conventional high-SNR photoacoustic microscopy system. Results demonstrate that this approach does not only denoise images acquired with the unfocused fiber laser sensor, but also maintains high fidelity in sO<sub>2</sub> calculation, addressing a key challenge in fast functional PAM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100775
Mengyang Lu , Jingxian Wang , Jiayuan Peng , Boyi Li , Xin Liu
The rapid advancement of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) has developed for label-free biomedical imaging by providing anatomical and functional visualization through multi-wavelength laser excitation and ultrasound detection. This technique offers high spatial resolution and deep-tissue imaging capabilities for biological applications. However, the substantial hardware cost and computational demand for high-quality in vivo imaging hinder its extensive development. To overcome these limitations, we propose a multi-wavelength graph convolutional network for sparse MSOT. Our approach solves the ill-conditioned sparse reconstruction problem through a graph learning framework integrated with a multi-wavelength sparse sampling strategy, which can model and leverage the intrinsic correlations in artifact distributions across diverse sparse transducer configurations. Comprehensive in vivo mouse experiments demonstrate that the proposed method provides a flexible and practical solution for high-performance sparse MSOT imaging under sparse conditions (16 transducer elements with the reconstruction SSIM of 0.92 ± 0.01 and PSNR of 27.74 ± 1.27).
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