Photoacoustics最新文献_第6页

Ionizing radiation acoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging for visualization of dose on anatomical structures during radiotherapy 电离辐射声学和超声双模成像用于放射治疗中解剖结构剂量的可视化

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100742

Yaocai Huang , Ibrahim Oraiqat , Dale Litzenberg , Madhumithra Subramanian Karthikesh , Christopher Tichacek , Glebys Gonzalez , Zhanpeng Xu , Sarah Dykstra , Borui Li , Scott Hadley , Eduardo G. Moros , Man Zhang , Paul L. Carson , Kyle C. Cuneo , Xueding Wang , Issam El Naqa , Wei Zhang

The aim of this study is to visualize the radiation dose on anatomical structures during radiation therapy (RT) by mapping radiation dose deposition and tracking anatomical structures simultaneously. A dual-modality volumetric imaging system, which combines ionizing radiation acoustic imaging (iRAI) and ultrasound (US) imaging, was developed to provide dose deposition and anatomical information in real-time during RT. The performance of the proposed system was first evaluated via experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms driven by a custom motion stage. By using US imaging to correct the position of anatomical structures, the dose mapping accuracy of the system increased by up to 0.51 in structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and 74.60 % in Gamma passing rate (GPR) compared to standalone iRAI. A subsequent study on a rabbit model in vivo further confirmed the capability of the system in mapping of the radiation dose deposition in the target tissue as well as its change caused by the motion mainly due to the animal breath. These findings demonstrate that this first-of-its-kind dual-modality volumetric imaging system can provide volumetric dose-on-anatomy information during RT. After further validation in clinic, this technique holds potential for enhancing RT outcomes by ensuring accurate alignment between the planned radiation beams, the target, and surrounding organs at risk.

本研究的目的是通过绘制放射剂量沉积图和同时跟踪解剖结构来可视化放射治疗过程中放射剂量对解剖结构的影响。研究人员开发了一种双模体成像系统，结合了电离辐射声学成像（iRAI）和超声成像（US），在rt过程中实时提供剂量沉积和解剖信息。该系统的性能首先通过由定制运动平台驱动的组织模拟模型实验进行了评估。通过使用US成像来校正解剖结构的位置，与独立的iRAI相比，该系统的剂量定位精度在结构相似指数测量（SSIM）上提高了0.51，在伽马通过率（GPR）上提高了74.60 %。随后对兔体内模型的研究进一步证实了该系统能够绘制靶组织中的辐射剂量沉积以及主要由动物呼吸引起的运动引起的辐射剂量变化。这些发现表明，这种首创的双模态体积成像系统可以在RT期间提供体积剂量-解剖信息。在临床进一步验证后，该技术通过确保计划辐射束、靶和周围危险器官之间的精确对齐，具有增强RT结果的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative longitudinal investigation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by photoacoustic microscopy 光声显微镜对小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的纵向定量研究

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100741

Jianshuang Wei , Ren Zhang , Mingchen Jiang , Lulu Gao , Ximiao Yu , XiuLi Liu , Yanfeng Dai , Qingming Luo , Zhihong Zhang , Xiaoquan Yang

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a prevalent chronic liver disease characterized by significant alterations in liver microvascular structures, leading to microcirculatory dysfunction and potentially contributing to various extrahepatic complications. In this study, we propose a longitudinal investigative pipeline based on liver photoacoustic microscopy (LPAM), integrating optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), a modular liver window (MLW), a custom 3D-printed liver imaging mount (LIM), and a dedicated vessel-sinusoid separation and analysis method. This pipeline enabled continuous monitoring and quantitative assessment of microvascular changes in a NASH mouse model over a six-week period. As NASH progressed, vessel density decreased by 64.18 %, and hepatic sinusoid vessel coverage was reduced by 77.38 %. Furthermore, hepatic sinusoidal volume, length, radius, tortuosity, and density declined by 87.29 %, 83.92 %, 21.86 %, 71.57 %, and 86.81 %, Analysis of hepatic sinusoidal branches revealed a 51.80 % decrease in the fractal dimension of composite branches and a 54.90 % increase in that of dead-end branches. These findings suggest that lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses contribute to the progressive deterioration of hepatic microvascular structures, thereby exacerbating vascular damage. LPAM offers a high-resolution, label-free imaging approach for dynamic monitoring of NASH-associated microvascular alterations. This study advances our understanding of hepatic microcirculatory changes in NASH and provides valuable insights for both basic research and clinical management.

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）是一种常见的慢性肝病，其特征是肝脏微血管结构显著改变，导致微循环功能障碍，并可能导致各种肝外并发症。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个基于肝脏光声显微镜（LPAM）的纵向研究管道，集成了光学分辨率光声显微镜（OR-PAM）、模块化肝窗（MLW）、定制3d打印肝脏成像支架（LIM）和专用血管-正弦分离和分析方法。该管道能够在六周内连续监测和定量评估NASH小鼠模型的微血管变化。随着NASH进展，血管密度下降64.18 %，肝窦血管覆盖率下降77.38 %。肝窦体积、长度、半径、弯曲度和密度分别下降了87.29 %、83.92 %、21.86 %、71.57 %和86.81 %。肝窦分支分析显示，复合分支的分形维数下降了51.80 %，死角分支的分形维数增加了54.90 %。这些发现表明，脂质积累和炎症反应有助于肝微血管结构的进行性恶化，从而加剧血管损伤。LPAM为动态监测nash相关微血管改变提供了一种高分辨率、无标签的成像方法。这项研究促进了我们对NASH肝微循环变化的理解，并为基础研究和临床管理提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Probing the photophysical properties of fluorescent proteins using photoacoustic pump-probe spectroscopy and imaging 利用光声泵探光谱和成像技术探测荧光蛋白的光物理性质

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100738

Farzin Ghane Golmohamadi, Amna Mehmood, Hoang Trong Phan, Franz-Josef Schmitt, Jan Laufer

Pump-probe excitation of fluorophores has been shown to overcome the limitations of conventional multiwavelength imaging and linear unmixing approaches by providing fluorophore-specific contrast whilst eliminating the dominant background signal of endogenous chromophores. In this study, methods for generating pump-probe signals and images are investigated that rely on changing 1) the pump wavelength whilst keeping the probe wavelength fixed, 2) the probe wavelength whilst keeping the pump wavelength fixed, and 3) the time delay between the pump and probe pulse. Time-resolved PA signals were generated in purified solutions of genetically expressed red fluorescent proteins Katushka, mNeptune, and mCardinal in a cuvette. Spectra of the difference signal amplitude were found to correlate with the absorption and emission spectra. The difference signal plotted as a function of time delay also showed characteristic features for each protein. To demonstrate the capability of multiplexed imaging, the spatial distributions of Katushka and mNeptune were recovered from 2D difference images of a phantom. This study demonstrates that methods based on pump-probe excitation can be used to probe the photophysical properties of fluorophores. By detecting changes in these properties due to a stimulant, such as pH, the methods may find application in biosensing of the cellular microenvironment.

荧光团的泵-探针激发已被证明克服了传统的多波长成像和线性解混方法的局限性，通过提供荧光团特异性对比度，同时消除了内源性发色团的主要背景信号。在本研究中，研究了产生泵浦-探针信号和图像的方法，这些方法依赖于：1)改变泵浦波长，同时保持探针波长不变；2)改变探针波长，同时保持泵浦波长不变；3)改变泵浦和探针脉冲之间的时间延迟。时间分辨PA信号在纯化的基因表达红色荧光蛋白Katushka、mNeptune和mCardinal溶液中产生。差分信号振幅的光谱与吸收光谱和发射光谱有一定的相关性。作为时间延迟函数的差分信号也显示了每种蛋白质的特征。为了证明多路成像的能力，从一个幻影的二维差分图像中恢复了Katushka和mNeptune的空间分布。本研究表明，基于泵-探针激发的方法可用于探测荧光团的光物理性质。通过检测由刺激物（如pH）引起的这些特性的变化，该方法可能会在细胞微环境的生物传感中得到应用。

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引用次数: 0

MECOPE: Multifocal excitation compressive-sensing photoacoustic endomicroscopy through a multimode fibre MECOPE：通过多模光纤的多焦激励压缩传感光声内窥镜

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100733

Tianrui Zhao , Edward Zhang , Paul C. Beard , Wenfeng Xia

Photoacoustic endoscopy has gained intensive research interest in recent years, particularly for guiding minimally invasive procedures in several clinical disciplines including oncology, cardiology and fetal medicine. Multimode fibres hold the potential to revolutionise medical endoscopy with ultrathin size and micrometre-level resolution. Compared to conventional endomicroscopes based on multi-core fibre bundles, multimode fibres-based endoscopes offer significantly higher spatial resolution, smaller diameters, and lower costs. However, current implementations of multimode fibre imaging, whether using raster-scan or speckle compressive sensing imaging, are hindered by limitations in frame rate or signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, we developed a multifocal excitation compressive-sensing photoacoustic endomicroscopy system that combines wavefront shaping-based light focusing with compressive sensing to achieve high imaging speed without compromising image quality. The method was validated through numerical simulations and experiments with carbon fibre phantoms and red blood cells ex vivo. Our results demonstrated comparable image quality to raster-scan-based imaging, while improving the frame rate by a factor of 5, reaching 11.5 frames per second. With further enhancements in focusing performance and the use of a higher repetition rate laser, this method shows promise for achieving real-time, high-resolution endomicroscopy through ultrathin probes, making it a valuable tool for guiding minimally invasive procedures.

近年来，光声内窥镜技术获得了广泛的研究兴趣，特别是在肿瘤学、心脏病学和胎儿医学等临床学科中指导微创手术。多模光纤具有超薄尺寸和微米级分辨率的潜力，可以彻底改变医学内窥镜检查。与基于多芯纤维束的传统内窥镜相比，基于多模纤维的内窥镜具有更高的空间分辨率、更小的直径和更低的成本。然而，目前多模光纤成像的实现，无论是使用光栅扫描还是散斑压缩感知成像，都受到帧速率或信噪比的限制。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种多焦点激励压缩传感光声内窥镜系统，该系统将基于波前形状的光聚焦与压缩传感相结合，以实现高成像速度而不影响图像质量。通过数值模拟和碳纤维模型和红细胞离体实验验证了该方法的有效性。我们的结果表明，图像质量与基于光栅扫描的成像相当，同时将帧速率提高了5倍，达到每秒11.5帧。随着聚焦性能的进一步增强和更高重复率激光的使用，该方法有望通过超薄探针实现实时、高分辨率的内窥镜检查，使其成为指导微创手术的宝贵工具。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of high-performance photoacoustic microscopy systems 高性能光声显微镜系统的综合综述

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100739

Eunwoo Park , Donggyu Kim , Mingyu Ha , Donghyun Kim , Chulhong Kim

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), an imaging modality with emerging importance in diverse biomedical applications, provides excellent structural and functional information at the micro-scale. Technological innovations have significantly enhanced PAM’s performance, including sensitivity and contrast, making it a powerful tool. This review explores high-performance PAM, focusing on its signal-to-noise ratio, imaging speed, resolution, depth, functionality, and practicality, and commenting on the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing each feature. After providing comprehensive insights, the review concludes with future directions for developing high-performance PAM for advanced biomedical imaging and clinical applications.

光声显微镜（PAM）是一种在多种生物医学应用中日益重要的成像方式，它提供了微观尺度上优秀的结构和功能信息。技术革新大大提高了PAM的性能，包括灵敏度和对比度，使其成为一个强大的工具。本文探讨了高性能PAM，重点关注其信噪比、成像速度、分辨率、深度、功能和实用性，并评论了人工智能在增强这些特性中的作用。最后，展望了高性能PAM在先进生物医学成像和临床应用方面的发展方向。

引用次数: 0

Photoacoustic imaging detects cerebrovascular pathological changes in sepsis 光声成像检测败血症的脑血管病理改变

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100737

Zhigang Wang , Changpeng Ai , Ting Sun , Zhiyang Wang , Wuyu Zhang , Feifan Zhou , Shengnan Wu

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis, involving acute brain dysfunction. Although cerebrovascular impairment plays a critical role in SAE, sepsis-induced microvascular changes remain poorly quantified. Here, we used photoacoustic microscopy to dynamically assess blood-brain barrier permeability in septic mice, analyzing vascular structure across five parameters. Additionally, we examined pathological changes in major cortical regions and conducted behavioral tests to validate the findings. Results showed microvascular degeneration, including reduced vascular density and branching, alongside an increase in fine vessels. Motor-related cortical areas were most affected, correlating with severe motor and cognitive deficits in septic mice. This study provides the first in vivo, multi-parametric analysis of sepsis-induced cerebrovascular pathology, revealing region-specific damage. Our findings directly link microvascular dysfunction to SAE progression and highlight photoacoustic microscopy’s potential in neuroscience research.

脓毒症相关脑病（SAE）是脓毒症的常见并发症，涉及急性脑功能障碍。尽管脑血管损伤在SAE中起关键作用，但脓毒症引起的微血管变化仍然难以量化。在这里，我们使用光声显微镜动态评估脓毒症小鼠的血脑屏障通透性，分析五个参数的血管结构。此外，我们检查了主要皮层区域的病理变化，并进行了行为测试来验证研究结果。结果显示微血管变性，包括血管密度和分支减少，同时细血管增加。运动相关的皮质区域受到的影响最大，与脓毒症小鼠严重的运动和认知缺陷有关。这项研究首次在体内对败血症引起的脑血管病理进行了多参数分析，揭示了区域特异性损伤。我们的研究结果直接将微血管功能障碍与SAE进展联系起来，并突出了光声显微镜在神经科学研究中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Residual-conditioned sparse transformer for photoacoustic image artifact reduction 残差条件稀疏变换光声图像伪影还原

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100731

Xiaoxue Wang , Jinzhuang Xu , Chenglong Zhang , Moritz Wildgruber , Wenjing Jiang , Lili Wang , Xiaopeng Ma

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) combines the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging with the high contrast of optical imaging. To reduce acquisition time and lower the cost of photoacoustic imaging, sparse sampling strategy is often employed. Conventional reconstruction methods often produce artifacts when dealing with sparse data, affecting image quality and diagnostic accuracy. This paper proposes a Residual-Conditioned Sparse Transformer (RCST) network for reducing artifacts in photoacoustic images, aiming to enhance image quality under sparse sampling. By introducing residual prior information, our algorithm encodes and embeds it into local enhancement and detail recovery stages. We utilize sparse transformer blocks to identify and reduce artifacts while preserving key structures and details of the images. Experiments on multiple simulated and experimental datasets demonstrate that our method significantly suppresses artifacts and improves image quality, offering new possibilities for the application of photoacoustic imaging in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.

光声层析成像（PAT）结合了超声成像的高空间分辨率和光学成像的高对比度。为了减少光声成像的采集时间和成本，通常采用稀疏采样策略。传统的重建方法在处理稀疏数据时会产生伪影，影响图像质量和诊断精度。本文提出了一种残差条件稀疏变压器（RCST）网络，用于减少光声图像中的伪影，以提高稀疏采样条件下的图像质量。该算法通过引入残差先验信息，将残差先验信息编码并嵌入到局部增强和细节恢复阶段。我们利用稀疏变换块来识别和减少伪影，同时保留图像的关键结构和细节。在多个模拟和实验数据集上的实验表明，我们的方法显著抑制了伪影，提高了图像质量，为光声成像在生物医学研究和临床诊断中的应用提供了新的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Local laser fluence estimation in optical resolution optoacoustic angiography employing calibrated ultrasound detector 校正超声检测器在光学分辨率光声血管造影中的局部激光通量估计

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100734

Daria Voitovich , Alexey Kurnikov , Anna Orlova , Aleksej Petushkov , Liubov Shimolina , Anastasia Komarova , Marina Shirmanova , Yu-Hang Liu , Daniel Razansky , Pavel Subochev

Optical-resolution optoacoustic (photoacoustic) microscopy is a hybrid imaging modality combining focused optical excitation with ultrasound detection, thus achieving micrometer-scale spatial resolution and high-contrast angiographic imaging. Despite these important advantages, maintaining safe laser fluence levels is essential to prevent tissue damage while ensuring sufficient detection sensitivity. Here, we introduce a model that directly relates the detector’s noise-equivalent pressure (NEP) to the local laser fluence at the imaged blood vessel. The model incorporates acoustic propagation effects from an optoacoustic source to a spherically focused detector with limited aperture and bandwidth, offering a more comprehensive understanding of how fluence and ultrasonic sensitivity are interconnected. The effects of ultrasound generation propagation and detection were accounted for using analytical estimations and numerical simulations, while detector's NEP was experimentally measured with a calibrated hydrophone. The proposed model for evaluating of local laser fluence with a calibrated ultrasound detector was validated through in vitro experiments with superficially located blood layer and numerical Monte Carlo/k-Wave simulations featuring deeper vessels. In vivo experiments employing 532 nm laser excitation and wideband 1–30 MHz ultrasonic detection further demonstrated the model’s capacity for real-time adjustments of laser parameters to ensure tissue safety.

光学分辨率光声显微镜是一种将聚焦光激发与超声检测相结合的混合成像方式，可实现微米尺度的空间分辨率和高对比度血管成像。尽管有这些重要的优势，保持安全的激光能量水平是必不可少的，以防止组织损伤，同时确保足够的检测灵敏度。在这里，我们引入了一个模型，该模型直接将探测器的噪声等效压力（NEP）与成像血管处的局部激光通量联系起来。该模型结合了从光声源到具有有限孔径和带宽的球聚焦探测器的声传播效应，从而更全面地了解了影响和超声波灵敏度是如何相互关联的。利用解析估计和数值模拟分析了超声产生、传播和探测的影响，并利用校准的水听器对探测器的NEP进行了实验测量。通过体外实验和深层血管的蒙特卡罗/k波数值模拟，验证了用校准超声检测器评估局部激光通量的模型。采用532 nm激光激发和1-30 MHz宽带超声检测的体内实验进一步证明了该模型能够实时调节激光参数，确保组织安全。

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引用次数: 0

Signal-domain speed-of-sound correction for ring-array-based photoacoustic tomography 基于环阵光声层析成像的信号域声速校正

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100735

Daohuai Jiang , Hengrong Lan , Shangqing Tong , Xianzeng Zhang , Fei Gao

Photoacoustic imaging combines the advantages of optical and acoustic imaging, making it a promising tool in biomedical imaging. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) reconstructs images by solving the inverse problem from detected photoacoustic waves to initial pressure map. The heterogeneous speed of sound (SoS) distribution in biological tissue significantly affects image quality, as uncertain SoS variations can cause image distortions. Previously reported dual-speed-of-sound (dual-SoS) imaging methods effectively address these distortions by accounting for the SoS differences between tissues and the coupling medium. However, these methods require recalculating the distribution parameters of the SoS for each frame during dynamic imaging, which is highly time-consuming and poses a significant challenge for achieving real-time dynamic dual-SoS PAT imaging. To address this issue, we propose a signal-domain dual-SoS correction method for PAT image reconstruction. In this method, two distinct SoS regions are differentiated by recognizing the photoacoustic signal features of the imaging target's contours. The signals are then corrected based on the respective SoS values, enabling signal-domain-based dual-SoS dynamic real-time PAT imaging. The proposed method was validated through numerical simulations and in-vivo experiments of human finger. The results show that, compared to the single-SoS reconstruction method, the proposed approach produces higher-quality images, achieving the resolution error by near 12 times and a 30 % increase in contrast. Furthermore, the method enables dual-SoS dynamic real-time PAT reconstruction at 10 fps, which is 187.22 % faster than existing dual-SoS reconstruction methods, highlighting its feasibility for dynamic PAT imaging of heterogeneous tissues.

光声成像结合了光学成像和声成像的优点，是生物医学成像中很有前途的工具。光声层析成像（PAT）通过解决从探测到的光声波到初始压力图的逆问题来重建图像。声速在生物组织中的不均匀分布会显著影响图像质量，因为不确定的声速变化会导致图像失真。先前报道的双声速成像方法通过考虑组织和耦合介质之间的声速差异，有效地解决了这些失真。然而，这些方法需要在动态成像过程中重新计算每帧SoS的分布参数，这是非常耗时的，并且对实现实时动态双SoS PAT成像提出了重大挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种用于PAT图像重建的信号域双sos校正方法。该方法通过识别成像目标轮廓的光声信号特征来区分两个不同的SoS区域。然后根据各自的SoS值对信号进行校正，从而实现基于信号域的双SoS动态实时PAT成像。通过数值模拟和人体手指实验验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明，与单sos重建方法相比，该方法产生的图像质量更高，分辨率误差提高了近12倍，对比度提高了30 %。此外，该方法以10 fps的速度实现双sos动态实时PAT重建，比现有双sos重建方法快187.22 %，突出了其用于异质组织动态PAT成像的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Local oxygen concentration reversal from hyperoxia to hypoxia monitored by optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in inflammation-resolution process 用光学分辨率光声显微镜监测炎症消退过程中局部氧浓度从高氧到低氧的逆转

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Photoacoustics

Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100730

Yizhou Tan , Min Zhang , Zhifeng Wu , Jingqin Chen , Yaguang Ren , Chengbo Liu , Ying Gu

Current consensus suggests a simultaneous occurrence of hypoxia and inflammation. For the first time, we observed a hyperoxia state during the initiation stage of gouty arthritis (GA) via optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. GA as a paradigm of acute sterile inflammation, has been regarded as a single process. However, our experimental results demonstrated that the onset-resolution inflammation process composed of two sub-processes with different features. In the initial sub-process, inflammation and resolution events appear in hyperoxia state (1st-5th days). In the subsequent sub-process, post-resolution events appear in hypoxia state (6th-15th days), which is related with the second wave of immune response. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inflammatory cytokines together with hyperoxia levels in initial sub-process can be downregulated by photobiomodulation, resulting in the hypoxia levels in subsequent sub-process were inhibited. Our results unveiled the detailed progress of GA and provided potential non-invasive monitoring and treatment strategies.

目前的共识是缺氧和炎症同时发生。我们首次通过光学分辨率光声显微镜观察到痛风性关节炎（GA）初始阶段的高氧状态。GA作为一种典型的急性无菌性炎症，一直被认为是一个单一的过程。然而，我们的实验结果表明，发病-消退炎症过程由两个不同特征的子过程组成。在初始亚过程中，炎症和消退事件出现在高氧状态下（第1 -5天）。在随后的子过程中，在缺氧状态下（第6 ~ 15天）出现解决后事件，这与第二波免疫反应有关。此外，我们还发现光生物调节可以下调炎症细胞因子和初始子过程中的高氧水平，从而抑制后续子过程中的低氧水平。我们的研究结果揭示了GA的详细进展，并提供了潜在的无创监测和治疗策略。

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引用次数: 0