The aim of current systematic review and meta-analysis study was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate (POM) versus Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes or gels on periodontal disease.
Methods
An electronic search on PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Cochrane, as well as manual search was conducted on the studies that were published up until August 2023. Randomised controlled trials studies that had examined the effect of POM versus CHX mouthwash or gel on plaque (PI), gingival (GI), and bleeding (BI) indices after 7 and 14–15 days follow up with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled. To assess the heterogeneity of the findings, the I2 test was applied and also publication bias was evaluated by visual examination of the funnel plot symmetry.
Results
Seven studies with 330 participants were analyzed. The meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the effects of CHX intervention on PI compared to POM intervention, when the duration of intervention was 14–15 days (standard mean differences [SMD]: −2.25; 95% CI: −4.18 to −0.32, P = 0.02). There was not any significant difference among the effects of CHX and POM intervention on PI when the study duration was up to 7 days. Further, there was not seen any significant differences between the effects of POM and CHX on BI or GI of the subjects.
Conclusion
The findings indicated that POM mouthwashes or gel were effective in reducing PI, BI, and GI in patients with periodontal disease. Therefore, it can be suggested as a suitable alternative of CHX for inflammation control.
{"title":"The effect of pomegranate versus chlorhexidine mouthwash or gel on periodontal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Roghayeh Javan , Zahra Baghani , Elaheh Foroumandi","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of current systematic review and meta-analysis study was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate (POM) versus Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes or gels on periodontal disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An electronic search on PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Cochrane, as well as manual search was conducted on the studies that were published up until August 2023. Randomised controlled trials studies that had examined the effect of POM versus CHX mouthwash or gel on plaque (PI), gingival (GI), and bleeding (BI) indices after 7 and 14–15 days follow up with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled. To assess the heterogeneity of the findings, the I<sup>2</sup> test was applied and also publication bias was evaluated by visual examination of the funnel plot symmetry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven studies with 330 participants were analyzed. The meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the effects of CHX intervention on PI compared to POM intervention, when the duration of intervention was 14–15 days (standard mean differences [SMD]: −2.25; 95% CI: −4.18 to −0.32, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.02). There was not any significant difference among the effects of CHX and POM intervention on PI when the study duration was up to 7 days. Further, there was not seen any significant differences between the effects of POM and CHX on BI or GI of the subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings indicated that POM mouthwashes or gel were effective in reducing PI, BI, and GI in patients with periodontal disease. Therefore, it can be suggested as a suitable alternative of CHX for inflammation control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100960
Jalila Bekir, Mohamed Mars
Introduction
Medicinal plants are considered as rich resources of secondary metabolites and have been used for treating diseases. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is considered ‘a pharmacy unto itself’. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ripening and variety factors on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate fruits and their capacity to inhibit three enzymes involved in degenerative diseases.
Methods
The fruits were collected from four Tunisian pomegranate varieties (Espagnoule, Rafrafi, Zaghwani and Zehri) during three maturity stages. Phytochemical content, the antioxidant activity by DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and 15-lipoxygenase inhibition activities were carried out.
Results
The unripe fruits were found to be the richest in terms of total phenolic content. Total flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and 15-lipoxygenase inhibition activities varied greatly during ripening process and within varieties. It was found that unripe fruits of Zehri (IC50 = 2.2 µg/ml by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay) and Rafrafi (IC50 = 73.4 µg/ml by 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl assay) varieties exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities. The strongest extract against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase was found to be the unripe fruit extract of Espagnoule variety with IC50 values of 86.7 and 58.0 µg/ml, respectively. The ethanolic extract from the unripe fruit of Zehri pomegranate variety inhibited moderately 15-lipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 63.0 µg/ml.
Conclusion
The current study supported the popular use of pomegranate fruits, and highlighted also the potential effect of variety and ripening factors on their chemical composition and in vitro biological activities.
{"title":"Phytochemical composition and anti-oxidant, anti-Alzheimer and anti-inflammatory activities of pomegranate fruit as function of variety and ripening","authors":"Jalila Bekir, Mohamed Mars","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Medicinal plants are considered as rich resources of secondary metabolites and have been used for treating diseases. Pomegranate (<em>Punica granatum</em>) is considered ‘a pharmacy unto itself’. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ripening and variety factors on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate fruits and their capacity to inhibit three enzymes involved in degenerative diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The fruits were collected from four Tunisian pomegranate varieties (Espagnoule, Rafrafi, Zaghwani and Zehri) during three maturity stages. Phytochemical content, the antioxidant activity by DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and 15-lipoxygenase inhibition activities were carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The unripe fruits were found to be the richest in terms of total phenolic content. Total flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and 15-lipoxygenase inhibition activities varied greatly during ripening process and within varieties. It was found that unripe fruits of Zehri (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.2 µg/ml by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay) and Rafrafi (IC<sub>50</sub> = 73.4 µg/ml by 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl assay) varieties exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities. The strongest extract against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase was found to be the unripe fruit extract of Espagnoule variety with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 86.7 and 58.0 µg/ml, respectively. The ethanolic extract from the unripe fruit of Zehri pomegranate variety inhibited moderately 15-lipoxygenase activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 63.0 µg/ml.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current study supported the popular use of pomegranate fruits, and highlighted also the potential effect of variety and ripening factors on their chemical composition and <em>in vitro</em> biological activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100956
Chung-Yuan Hsu , Shin-Yu Huang , Wei-Jen Cheng
Introduction
Bone fracture is a critical issue worldwide, affecting daily activities and increasing living expenses. The effect of Chinese herbs on bone union has been evaluated in recent years. However, its clinical efficacy in the unionisation of bone fractures is not completely elucidated. Zheng-Gu-Zi-Jin-Dang (ZGZJD) is a famous formula in Chinese medicine traumatology that has been widely used in patients with fractures in previous studies.
Methods
We used the Chang Gung Research Database and retrospectively reviewed patients at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital who suffered from bone fractures to evaluate the efficacy of ZGZJD intervention on bone union within 3 months after bone fractures and we used the frequency matching method in a 1:5 ratio for further analysis.
Results
Between 2004 and 2016, 291 851 fractures were diagnosed at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. A total of 544 patients received ZGZJD, and 2 720 patients were match as control which do not use the herbs. However, we adjusted the comorbidities affecting the bone union, sex, age and different body extremities and there were no better healing rate in ZGZJD patient.
Conclusions
Although ZGZJD is a common formula used in bone fractures, there is no direct clinical evidence that it enhances bone union. However, according to ingredients analysis in ZGZJD, this famous Chinese traumatology medicine may be useful during the inflammatory phase of bone healing.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of a Chinese herb in nonoperative bone fractures in Taiwan: a retrospective multi-central database cohort study","authors":"Chung-Yuan Hsu , Shin-Yu Huang , Wei-Jen Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Bone fracture is a critical issue worldwide, affecting daily activities and increasing living expenses. The effect of Chinese herbs on bone union has been evaluated in recent years. However, its clinical efficacy in the unionisation of bone fractures is not completely elucidated. Zheng-Gu-Zi-Jin-Dang (ZGZJD) is a famous formula in Chinese medicine traumatology that has been widely used in patients with fractures in previous studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used the Chang Gung Research Database and retrospectively reviewed patients at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital who suffered from bone fractures to evaluate the efficacy of ZGZJD intervention on bone union within 3 months after bone fractures and we used the frequency matching method in a 1:5 ratio for further analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 2004 and 2016, 291<!--> <!-->851 fractures were diagnosed at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. A total of 544 patients received ZGZJD, and 2<!--> <!-->720 patients were match as control which do not use the herbs. However, we adjusted the comorbidities affecting the bone union, sex, age and different body extremities and there were no better healing rate in ZGZJD patient.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although ZGZJD is a common formula used in bone fractures, there is no direct clinical evidence that it enhances bone union. However, according to ingredients analysis in ZGZJD, this famous Chinese traumatology medicine may be useful during the inflammatory phase of bone healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100957
Pengli Su , Kai Zhi , Haixia Dang , Huanhuan Xu , Jing Xiao , Jun Liu , Zhong Wang , Yanan Yu
Introduction
This study aimed to assess the holistic value of Danhong injection (DHI) for treating chronic stable angina (CSA) and to identify the therapeutic characteristics of DHI.
Methods
The holistic value of DHI was assessed using a well-established evaluation index system including 34 criteria based on the Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model. Each criterion was rated by seven experts based on an evidence matrix comprising a literature review on DHI for treating CSA. The overall value of DHI for the treatment of CSA was evaluated by aggregating these performance scores and predetermined weights. Additionally, the contributions of each domain and criterion to the overall value estimate were calculated. Uncertainty was explored using an online retest and intra-rater correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results
We found that the comprehensive value estimate of DHI for treating CSA was 80.18 points. The domain of “safety and risk management” was the strongest contributor to the final estimated value (30.37), followed by “effectiveness” (23.75). The criteria “size of population affected by disease” (3.79), “risk control of toxic medicinal materials” (4.38), “comparative non-medical costs” (1.14), “clarity of the mechanism of drug action” (0.6), “sustainability of medicinal materials resources” (1.91) and “patient compliance” (4.59) were found to be the most significant contributors to the overall value estimate across the 6 evaluation domains. The initial scores for DHI over the two rounds showed good consistency across panelists (ICC = 0.886 [0.858–0.909]).
Conclusion
Compared with standard treatment alone, DHI was perceived as being at a “good level” intervention.
{"title":"Assessing the holistic value of Danhong injection for chronic stable angina: a multi-criteria decision analysis in China","authors":"Pengli Su , Kai Zhi , Haixia Dang , Huanhuan Xu , Jing Xiao , Jun Liu , Zhong Wang , Yanan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the holistic value of Danhong injection (DHI) for treating chronic stable angina (CSA) and to identify the therapeutic characteristics of DHI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The holistic value of DHI was assessed using a well-established evaluation index system including 34 criteria based on the Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model. Each criterion was rated by seven experts based on an evidence matrix comprising a literature review on DHI for treating CSA. The overall value of DHI for the treatment of CSA was evaluated by aggregating these performance scores and predetermined weights. Additionally, the contributions of each domain and criterion to the overall value estimate were calculated. Uncertainty was explored using an online retest and intra-rater correlation coefficient (ICC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that the comprehensive value estimate of DHI for treating CSA was 80.18 points. The domain of “safety and risk management” was the strongest contributor to the final estimated value (30.37), followed by “effectiveness” (23.75). The criteria “size of population affected by disease” (3.79), “risk control of toxic medicinal materials” (4.38), “comparative non-medical costs” (1.14), “clarity of the mechanism of drug action” (0.6), “sustainability of medicinal materials resources” (1.91) and “patient compliance” (4.59) were found to be the most significant contributors to the overall value estimate across the 6 evaluation domains. The initial scores for DHI over the two rounds showed good consistency across panelists (ICC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.886 [0.858–0.909]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with standard treatment alone, DHI was perceived as being at a “good level” intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100954
Nidal Jaradat , Mohammed Hawash , Murad Abualhasan , Nawaf Al-Maharik , Mohammad Qadi , Raneen Qabaha , Khariya Amarneh , Aya Qabaha , Sama’ Qassarwi , Linda Issa , Trobjon Makhkamov , Nilufar Ergasheva , Abdumurod Sattarov
Introduction
Scientists consider repurposing discarded waste into valuable resources for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food flavoring manufacturing industries a challenge to generate new revenue streams, lower production costs, and reduce waste. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify Citrus limon leaf volatile oil (VO) constituents from Palestine and assess its in vitro antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties.
Methods
The components of the VO were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of VO was assessed using a microdilution technique. The cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) assay was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory effect. An aqueous one solution cell proliferation (MTS) assay was employed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the VO.
Results
Thirty-six molecules were identified in the oil, and geranial, neral, and limonene are the most abundant molecules, comprising 31.06%, 23.98%, and 14.32%, respectively. The antimicrobial results showed that the VO has notable inhibition against Proteus vulgaris, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The COX IC50 calculations revealed that it has high potency against COX-2 IC50 = 9.32 ± 0.88 µg/ml. The most potent cytotoxic effect of C. limon VO was noticed against MCF-7, with an IC50 dose of 162.90 ± 1.85 mg/ml.
Conclusion
The GC-MS analyses revealed that geranial, neral, and limonene are the predominant compounds in the VO of C. limon leaves from Palestine. The biological test results demonstrated that the VO has potential inhibitory actions against some cancer cells, bacterial and fungal species, and COX-2 enzyme, suggesting it may be a viable choice for treating or preventing microbial infections, cancer, and inflammatory illnesses.
{"title":"Chemical analysis and bioactivity evaluation of Citrus limon leaves volatile oil from Palestine: investigating phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties","authors":"Nidal Jaradat , Mohammed Hawash , Murad Abualhasan , Nawaf Al-Maharik , Mohammad Qadi , Raneen Qabaha , Khariya Amarneh , Aya Qabaha , Sama’ Qassarwi , Linda Issa , Trobjon Makhkamov , Nilufar Ergasheva , Abdumurod Sattarov","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Scientists consider repurposing discarded waste into valuable resources for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food flavoring manufacturing industries a challenge to generate new revenue streams, lower production costs, and reduce waste. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify <em>Citrus limon</em> leaf volatile oil (VO) constituents from Palestine and assess its in vitro antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The components of the VO were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of VO was assessed using a microdilution technique. The cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) assay was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory effect. An aqueous one solution cell proliferation (MTS) assay was employed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the VO.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-six molecules were identified in the oil, and geranial, neral, and limonene are the most abundant molecules, comprising 31.06%, 23.98%, and 14.32%, respectively. The antimicrobial results showed that the VO has notable inhibition against <em>Proteus vulgaris,</em> Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>. The COX IC<sub>50</sub> calculations revealed that it has high potency against COX-2 IC<sub>50</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9.32<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.88<!--> <!-->µg/ml. The most potent cytotoxic effect of <em>C. limon</em> VO was noticed against MCF-7, with an IC<sub>50</sub> dose of 162.90<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.85 mg/ml.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The GC-MS analyses revealed that geranial, neral, and limonene are the predominant compounds in the VO of <em>C. limon</em> leaves from Palestine. The biological test results demonstrated that the VO has potential inhibitory actions against some cancer cells, bacterial and fungal species, and COX-2 enzyme, suggesting it may be a viable choice for treating or preventing microbial infections, cancer, and inflammatory illnesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100958
Prakash I. Nargatti , Kiran A. Wadkar
Introduction
Phytochemical screening was conducted on various bark extracts of Lannea coromandelica to assess their anticancer property against the B16F10 melanoma cell line. The phytoconstituents that were previously identified were utilized in molecular docking studies against the human tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1) as a target receptor in order to provide more evidence for anticancer property.
Methods
Bark powder was extracted by maceration method using distilled water and soxhlet extraction using ethanol. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of both extracts were conducted using biochemical assays. The present study investigated the possible anticancer effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts on the B16F10 melanoma cell line using the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) labeling techniques. The present study employed molecular docking techniques to assess the binding interactions between phytoconstituents and the TYRP1 protein, utilizing AutoDock Vina module of PyRx 0.8 software.
Results
The phytochemical analysis found flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, and proteins. Ethanolic extract shown preferential cytotoxicity to B16F0 melanoma cell line in-vitro (IC50 = 9.69 ± 0.68 μg/ml), while aqueous extract exhibited IC50 = 75.49 ± 5.95 μg/ml. DAPI staining showed that treated cells had altered nucleus morphology, including apoptotic bodies. According to molecular docking investigations, Quercetin has the highest binding affinity (−9.6 Kcal/mol), followed by Catechin and Myricadiol.
Conclusion
The current investigation has determined that L. coromandelica exhibits cytotoxic characteristic, as evidenced by the utilization of computer aided drug design models and in-vitro experimentation.
{"title":"Anticancer activity of Lannea coromandelica on B16F10 melanoma cell line: an in vitro and molecular docking approach","authors":"Prakash I. Nargatti , Kiran A. Wadkar","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Phytochemical screening was conducted on various bark extracts of <em>Lannea coromandelica</em> to assess their anticancer property against the B16F10 melanoma cell line. The phytoconstituents that were previously identified were utilized in molecular docking studies against the human tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1) as a target receptor in order to provide more evidence for anticancer property.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bark powder was extracted by maceration method using distilled water and soxhlet extraction using ethanol. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of both extracts were conducted using biochemical assays. The present study investigated the possible anticancer effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts on the B16F10 melanoma cell line using the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) labeling techniques. The present study employed molecular docking techniques to assess the binding interactions between phytoconstituents and the TYRP1 protein, utilizing AutoDock Vina module of PyRx 0.8 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The phytochemical analysis found flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, and proteins. Ethanolic extract shown preferential cytotoxicity to B16F0 melanoma cell line <em>in-vitro</em> (IC<sub>50</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9.69<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.68<!--> <!-->μg/ml), while aqueous extract exhibited IC<sub>50</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->75.49<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.95<!--> <!-->μg/ml. DAPI staining showed that treated cells had altered nucleus morphology, including apoptotic bodies. According to molecular docking investigations, Quercetin has the highest binding affinity (−9.6 Kcal/mol), followed by Catechin and Myricadiol.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current investigation has determined that <em>L. coromandelica</em> exhibits cytotoxic characteristic, as evidenced by the utilization of computer aided drug design models and <em>in-vitro</em> experimentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lippia alba is a wild semishrubby species that grows in countries like Ecuador, its extracts have significant bioactive compounds. However, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of L alba essential oil (EO) have not been given importance in this region. The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the extracts and biological activities of L alba EO.
Methods
A unifactorial design was used, and physicochemical variables (pH, density, and refractive index) and antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities were explored using standard methods. Fractions of L alba EO were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.
Results
The density, pH, refractive index, and phenolic content of L alba EO were found to be 0.95 g/ml, 5.5, 1.51, and 918 mg/l, respectively. An antioxidant activity of 23.08 mg/l was observed by the 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) method, while 14.81 mg/l was observed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power method. Essential oil of L alba has presented a greater antimicrobial activity against different Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. Essential oil of L alba showed an inhibitory zone of 56.7 and 9.7 mm against Photobacterium damselae sub sp. piscicida DSM 22834 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, respectively.
Conclusions
The results of the present investigation clearly indicated that the EO of L alba has potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in vitro analysis, which are important indications that this extract can be applied in different industries, such as pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and others.
{"title":"Physical-Chemical Characterisation and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Lippia alba (Mill) NE Br Ex Britton Obtained in Ecuador","authors":"C. Tubay-Bermùdez , C.A. Neves , A.A. Dueñas-Rivadeneira , A.M. Peña , L.A.Z. Mendoza , K.R. Escobar , D.M. Rivas-Navia , N.R. Maddela","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Lippia alba</em> is a wild semishrubby species that grows in countries like Ecuador, its extracts have significant bioactive compounds. However, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of <em>L alba</em> essential oil (<strong>EO</strong>) have not been given importance in this region. The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the extracts and biological activities of <em>L alba</em> EO.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A unifactorial design was used, and physicochemical variables (pH, density, and refractive index) and antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities were explored using standard methods. Fractions of <em>L alba</em> EO were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The density, pH, refractive index, and phenolic content of <em>L alba</em> EO were found to be 0.95 g/ml, 5.5, 1.51, and 918 mg/l, respectively. An antioxidant activity of 23.08 mg/l was observed by the 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) method, while 14.81 mg/l was observed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power method. Essential oil of <em>L alba</em> has presented a greater antimicrobial activity against different Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. Essential oil of <em>L alba</em> showed an inhibitory zone of 56.7 and 9.7 mm against <em>Photobacterium damselae</em> sub sp. <em>piscicida</em> DSM 22834 and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> ATCC 6633, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of the present investigation clearly indicated that the EO of <em>L alba</em> has potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities <em>in vitro</em> analysis, which are important indications that this extract can be applied in different industries, such as pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100952
Lorene Armstrong , Paola Aparecida Raeski , Valter Paes de Almeida , Manuel Minteguiaga , Andressa Novatski , Vijayasankar Raman , Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior , C. Benjamin Naman , Jane Manfron
Introduction
Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae), called alecrim-do-campo, vassoura, or vassourinha, is the precursor of green propolis that is used in traditional medicine for treating conditions such as dyspepsia, fatigue, inflammation, mild fever, and high blood pressure. This study aimed to summarise botanical, chemical, pharmacologic, and toxicologic reports about B. dracunculifolia and contribute new information on its anatomy and essential oil composition.
Methods
This study reviewed international databases, querying keywords related to traditional use, phytochemicals, biological activities (excluding animal studies), nanotechnology, clinical trials, and toxicity. New contributions regarding micromorphology of leaves and stems were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy, and crystals were observed by polarised microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and Raman spectroscopies. Essential oils and hydrolates were generated from distinct sites and analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Results
Botanical, chemical, pharmacologic, and toxicologic studies of B. dracunculifolia are reviewed herein along with this plant’s use in nano- and biotechnological applications. Major compounds present in the essential oils and volatile extracts of B. dracunculifolia include monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while the organic extracts are rich in phenolics (flavonoids, caffeoylquinic, and prenylated acids) and terpenoids (diterpenoids and triterpenoids).
Conclusions
Previously reported chemical and pharmacologic studies of B. dracunculifolia provided solid information about the pharmacologic effects of this medicinal plant and the green propolis produced from it. New information reported here on the micromorphology and phytochemistry (essential oil and hydrolate composition) of B. dracunculifolia can be used to facilitate the identification of this plant in comparison to other related species and for quality control.
引言龙爪槐（菊科），又名阿勒克里木-多-坎波、瓦苏拉或瓦苏林哈，是绿蜂胶的前体，在传统医学中用于治疗消化不良、疲劳、炎症、轻度发烧和高血压等病症。本研究旨在总结有关 B. dracunculifolia 的植物学、化学、药理学和毒理学报告，并提供有关其解剖学和精油成分的新信息。方法本研究查阅了国际数据库，查询了与传统用途、植物化学物质、生物活性（不包括动物研究）、纳米技术、临床试验和毒性相关的关键词。用光镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了叶和茎的微观形态，用偏光显微镜、能量色散 X 射线和拉曼光谱观察了晶体。本文回顾了 B. dracunculifolia 的植物学、化学、药理学和毒理学研究，以及该植物在纳米和生物技术中的应用。B. dracunculifolia 的精油和挥发性萃取物中的主要化合物包括单萜和倍半萜，而有机萃取物则富含酚类（黄酮类、咖啡酰奎宁酸和链烯酸）和萜类（二萜和三萜）。结论之前报道的对 B. dracunculifolia 的化学和药理研究提供了有关这种药用植物及其生产的绿蜂胶药理作用的可靠信息。本文报告的有关 B. dracunculifolia 的微观形态学和植物化学（精油和水解物成分）的新信息可用于促进该植物与其他相关物种的鉴别以及质量控制。
{"title":"Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. A Review of Research Advances From 2004 to 2024, With New Micromorphology and Essential Oil Investigations","authors":"Lorene Armstrong , Paola Aparecida Raeski , Valter Paes de Almeida , Manuel Minteguiaga , Andressa Novatski , Vijayasankar Raman , Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior , C. Benjamin Naman , Jane Manfron","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Baccharis dracunculifolia</em> DC. (Asteraceae)<em>,</em> called alecrim-do-campo, vassoura, or vassourinha, is the precursor of green propolis that is used in traditional medicine for treating conditions such as dyspepsia, fatigue, inflammation, mild fever, and high blood pressure. This study aimed to summarise botanical, chemical, pharmacologic, and toxicologic reports about <em>B. dracunculifolia</em> and contribute new information on its anatomy and essential oil composition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study reviewed international databases, querying keywords related to traditional use, phytochemicals, biological activities (excluding animal studies), nanotechnology, clinical trials, and toxicity. New contributions regarding micromorphology of leaves and stems were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy, and crystals were observed by polarised microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and Raman spectroscopies. Essential oils and hydrolates were generated from distinct sites and analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Botanical, chemical, pharmacologic, and toxicologic studies of <em>B. dracunculifolia</em> are reviewed herein along with this plant’s use in nano- and biotechnological applications. Major compounds present in the essential oils and volatile extracts of <em>B. dracunculifolia</em> include monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while the organic extracts are rich in phenolics (flavonoids, caffeoylquinic, and prenylated acids) and terpenoids (diterpenoids and triterpenoids).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Previously reported chemical and pharmacologic studies of <em>B. dracunculifolia</em> provided solid information about the pharmacologic effects of this medicinal plant and the green propolis produced from it. New information reported here on the micromorphology and phytochemistry (essential oil and hydrolate composition) of <em>B</em>. <em>dracunculifolia</em> can be used to facilitate the identification of this plant in comparison to other related species and for quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajuga parviflora is traditionally used for fever, diabetes, and digestive problems. Currently, Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-Photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid in A. parviflora was focused to develop and validate a method for quality control perspective. Further, the evaluation of antiadipogenic and antidiabetic potential of A. parviflora was also targeted.
Methods
UPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for targeted compounds as per International Council on Harmonisation guidelines. The validated method was used to determine marker compounds in A. parviflora extracts (Ethanol: EtOH, 50% EtOH, and water; leaves and roots). Further, UPLC-ELSD was used to determine free sugars in samples. Moreover, the antiadipogenic effect of A. parviflora extracts was examined on 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes cell line. Cells were subjected to various dosages of leaves and root extracts, and the extent of lipid accumulation was evaluated. Furthermore, cells were treated with different extracts prior to hydrogen peroxide exposure, and then the effects of A. parviflora treatments on oxidative stress, cell survival, and insulin sensitisation were assessed.
Results
The validated UPLC-PDA method was found reproducible to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid. These compounds were found in all the samples. Biologically, leaves and roots extract of A. parviflora drastically suppressed adipogenesis by lowering intracellular lipid accumulation in dose-dependent manner. They improved insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake and protected cellular health from oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and reversing apoptosis.
Conclusions
Findings suggested that ethanol extract of leaves exhibited potent antiadipogenic properties and UPLC-PDA will be a reproducible method to assess quality of A. parviflora and its derived products.
{"title":"Quality Control Method (UPLC-PDA) of Ajuga parviflora Benth. and Its Antiadipogenic Effect on Differentiated Preadipocytes","authors":"Vandana Kumari , Abhishek Goel , Dinesh Kumar , Yogendra Padwad , Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Ajuga parviflora</em> is traditionally used for fever, diabetes, and digestive problems. Currently, Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-Photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid in <em>A. parviflora</em> was focused to develop and validate a method for quality control perspective. Further, the evaluation of antiadipogenic and antidiabetic potential of <em>A. parviflora</em> was also targeted.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>UPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for targeted compounds as per International Council on Harmonisation guidelines. The validated method was used to determine marker compounds in <em>A. parviflora</em> extracts (Ethanol: EtOH, 50% EtOH, and water; leaves and roots). Further, UPLC-ELSD was used to determine free sugars in samples. Moreover, the antiadipogenic effect of <em>A. parviflora</em> extracts was examined on 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes cell line. Cells were subjected to various dosages of leaves and root extracts, and the extent of lipid accumulation was evaluated. Furthermore, cells were treated with different extracts prior to hydrogen peroxide exposure, and then the effects of <em>A. parviflora</em> treatments on oxidative stress, cell survival, and insulin sensitisation were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The validated UPLC-PDA method was found reproducible to determine ajugasterone C, cyasterone, and vanillic acid. These compounds were found in all the samples. Biologically, leaves and roots extract of <em>A. parviflora</em> drastically suppressed adipogenesis by lowering intracellular lipid accumulation in dose-dependent manner. They improved insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake and protected cellular health from oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and reversing apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggested that ethanol extract of leaves exhibited potent antiadipogenic properties and UPLC-PDA will be a reproducible method to assess quality of <em>A. parviflora</em> and its derived products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100949
Gabriela Moessa Louro , Eduardo João Coutinho , Maiara Viviane Oliveira dos Santos , Marcia Soares Mattos Vaz , Marcia Regina Pereira Cabral , Michele Castro de Paula , Simone Simionatto , Cláudia Andrea Lima Cardoso , Euclésio Simionatto
Introduction
The increasingly common occurrences of multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a global health threat and the discovery of new alternative remedies is necessary. The use of essential oils (EOs) in the treatment of many pathogenic bacteria is promising and several examples have already been highlighted regarding their inhibitory action. Among the botanical families, Myrtaceae stands out for presenting important species that supply bioactive products.
Methods
In this work we investigate the chemical composition of Plinia rivularis (Myrtaceae) leaf EO and its antibacterial activity against resistant and non-resistant bacteria. The EO was obtained by two methods, hydrodistillation and steam distillation. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were the techniques used in the EO chemical characterization.
Results
The EOs were obtained with yields of 0.37 and 0.16% by hydrodistillation and steam distillation methods, respectively. The analyzes revealed the EOs chemical profile showing the compounds 2H-benzocyclohepten-2-one,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-4a-methyl (synonym: 4a-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-2H-benzo[7]annulen-2-one), rosifoliol, β-eudesmol and the diterpene kaurene as main constituents. Through preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), it was possible to obtain the diterpene kaurene with a content of 91%, which was also characterized by NMR. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of EO against bacteria ranged from 0.56 to 2.25 mg.ml−1 and 2.25–36 mg.ml−1 for sensitive and resistant bacteria, respectively. Also, EO showed synergistic activity with amikacin and cefotaxime against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KPC).
Conclusions
This is the first report on the chemical composition of P. rivularis EO. Comparison of extraction methods showed variation in yields and small changes in component content. The EO demonstrated activity against resistant and non-resistant bacteria. In addition, the synergistic effect of EO against resistant bacteria may be explored in future studies.
{"title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Plinia rivularis essential oil against multidrug-resistant bacteria","authors":"Gabriela Moessa Louro , Eduardo João Coutinho , Maiara Viviane Oliveira dos Santos , Marcia Soares Mattos Vaz , Marcia Regina Pereira Cabral , Michele Castro de Paula , Simone Simionatto , Cláudia Andrea Lima Cardoso , Euclésio Simionatto","doi":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The increasingly common occurrences of multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a global health threat and the discovery of new alternative remedies is necessary. The use of essential oils (EOs) in the treatment of many pathogenic bacteria is promising and several examples have already been highlighted regarding their inhibitory action. Among the botanical families, Myrtaceae stands out for presenting important species that supply bioactive products.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this work we investigate the chemical composition of <em>Plinia rivularis</em> (Myrtaceae) leaf EO and its antibacterial activity against resistant and non-resistant bacteria. The EO was obtained by two methods, hydrodistillation and steam distillation. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were the techniques used in the EO chemical characterization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The EOs were obtained with yields of 0.37 and 0.16% by hydrodistillation and steam distillation methods, respectively. The analyzes revealed the EOs chemical profile showing the compounds 2H-benzocyclohepten-2-one,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-4a-methyl (synonym: 4a-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-2H-benzo[7]annulen-2-one), rosifoliol, β-eudesmol and the diterpene kaurene as main constituents. Through preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), it was possible to obtain the diterpene kaurene with a content of 91%, which was also characterized by NMR. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of EO against bacteria ranged from 0.56 to 2.25 mg.ml<sup>−1</sup> and 2.25–36 mg.ml<sup>−1</sup> for sensitive and resistant bacteria, respectively. Also, EO showed synergistic activity with amikacin and cefotaxime against carbapenem-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (KPC).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first report on the chemical composition of <em>P. rivularis</em> EO. Comparison of extraction methods showed variation in yields and small changes in component content. The EO demonstrated activity against resistant and non-resistant bacteria. In addition, the synergistic effect of EO against resistant bacteria may be explored in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Herbal Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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