Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106016
Fay E. Clark
Play in humans and other animals is widespread and intuitive to recognise. Creative, unstructured play is difficult to quantify, but games direct play towards a specific goal and have defined rules, mechanics and rewards. To date, games have been under-utilised in human and animal behavioural neuroscience. This review evaluates evidence that animals can play human games, including game-theory contests, tangible games, and video games. Animals can be trained to play various human games with cognitive capacities such as role adoption, rule-following and performance monitoring. Animals can make irrational gameplay decisions that jeopardise rewards and have salient emotional responses to winning and losing. Games can advance the field of behavioural neuroscience in several ways. Cognitive tasks can become more engaging and ecologically relevant by adding game elements, known as gamification. Games can be used to induce and measure more naturalistic emotional responses to the process of overcoming (progression/regression) and end state (winning/losing) of cognitive challenges. There is also scope to target specific cognitive skill deficiencies in captive animals using games. However, a recent rapid increase in computerised testing environments raises an important ethical question about the boundary between games and reality for animals.
{"title":"Levelling up the study of animal gameplay","authors":"Fay E. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Play in humans and other animals is widespread and intuitive to recognise. Creative, unstructured play is difficult to quantify, but games direct play towards a specific goal and have defined rules, mechanics and rewards. To date, games have been under-utilised in human and animal behavioural neuroscience. This review evaluates evidence that animals can play human games, including game-theory contests, tangible games, and video games. Animals can be trained to play various human games with cognitive capacities such as role adoption, rule-following and performance monitoring. Animals can make irrational gameplay decisions that jeopardise rewards and have salient emotional responses to winning and losing. Games can advance the field of behavioural neuroscience in several ways. Cognitive tasks can become more engaging and ecologically relevant by adding game elements, known as gamification. Games can be used to induce and measure more naturalistic emotional responses to the process of overcoming (progression/regression) and end state (winning/losing) of cognitive challenges. There is also scope to target specific cognitive skill deficiencies in captive animals using games. However, a recent rapid increase in computerised testing environments raises an important ethical question about the boundary between games and reality for animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106016"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106008
Geng Li , Haishuo Xia , Gesi Teng , Antao Chen
The general-domain effect of physical exercise-induced cognitive gains in behavioral outcomes is well-documented, but a consensus on the neural correlates remains elusive. This meta-analysis aims to identify the neural correlates of physical exercise-induced general cognitive gains by examining task-related brain activation consistently modulated by physical exercise and its relationship to those gains. Our analysis of 52 studies with 1503 participants shows that physical exercise enhances cognitive task performance (Hedges' g = 0.271) and consistently increases task-related brain activation primarily in the bilateral precuneus. These increases in task-related brain activation correlate positively with cognitive task performance improvements improvements. Notably, physical exercise intensity, adherence, and social environment significantly modulate task-related brain activation changes induced by physical exercise. This meta-analysis offers an unprecedented comprehensive assessment of how physical exercise modulates task-related brain activation changes, providing neural evidence to support the general-domain effects on cognitive function induced by physical exercise.
体育锻炼在行为结果中诱导的认知增益的一般域效应已被充分证明，但关于神经相关性的共识仍未达成。本荟萃分析旨在通过研究体育锻炼持续调节的任务相关大脑激活及其与认知能力提高的关系，确定体育锻炼诱导的一般认知能力提高的神经相关因素。我们对 52 项研究、1,503 名参与者进行的分析表明，体育锻炼可提高任务绩效（赫奇斯 g = 0.271），并持续增加与任务相关的大脑激活，主要是在双侧楔前肌。这些任务相关大脑激活的增加与任务表现的提高呈正相关。值得注意的是，体育锻炼的强度、坚持程度和社会环境会显著调节体育锻炼引起的任务相关脑激活变化。这项荟萃分析对体育锻炼如何调节与任务相关的大脑激活变化进行了前所未有的全面评估，为体育锻炼对认知功能的一般领域影响提供了神经证据。
{"title":"The neural correlates of physical exercise-induced general cognitive gains: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies","authors":"Geng Li , Haishuo Xia , Gesi Teng , Antao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The general-domain effect of physical exercise-induced cognitive gains in behavioral outcomes is well-documented, but a consensus on the neural correlates remains elusive. This meta-analysis aims to identify the neural correlates of physical exercise-induced general cognitive gains by examining task-related brain activation consistently modulated by physical exercise and its relationship to those gains. Our analysis of 52 studies with 1503 participants shows that physical exercise enhances cognitive task performance (Hedges' <em>g</em> = 0.271) and consistently increases task-related brain activation primarily in the bilateral precuneus. These increases in task-related brain activation correlate positively with cognitive task performance improvements improvements. Notably, physical exercise intensity, adherence, and social environment significantly modulate task-related brain activation changes induced by physical exercise. This meta-analysis offers an unprecedented comprehensive assessment of how physical exercise modulates task-related brain activation changes, providing neural evidence to support the general-domain effects on cognitive function induced by physical exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105966
Sabrina Trapp , David Whitney , David Pascucci
Where do novel research questions come from? We suggest that identifying key computational problems and comparing solutions across domains can be one source. We exemplify this by looking at perception and action and outline how findings from one domain may generate novel research avenues in the other.
{"title":"The computational perspective: A catalyst for research questions in cognitive neuroscience?","authors":"Sabrina Trapp , David Whitney , David Pascucci","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Where do novel research questions come from? We suggest that identifying key computational problems and comparing solutions across domains can be one source. We exemplify this by looking at perception and action and outline how findings from one domain may generate novel research avenues in the other.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105966"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106035
Robert Dantzer , Brandon Chelette , Elisabeth G. Vichaya , A. Phillip West , Aaron Grossberg
Although we are all familiar with the sensation of fatigue, there are still profound divergences on what it represents and its mechanisms. Fatigue can take various forms depending on the condition in which it develops. Cancer-related fatigue is considered a symptom of exhaustion that is often present at the time of diagnosis, increases in intensity during cancer therapy, and does not always recede after completion of treatment. It is usually attributed to the inflammation induced by damage-associated molecular patterns released by tumor cells during cancer progression and in response to its treatment. In this review, we argue that it is necessary to go beyond the symptoms of fatigue to understand its nature and mechanisms. We propose to consider fatigue as a psychobiological process that regulates the behavioral activities an organism engages in to satisfy its needs, according to its physical ability to do so and to the capacity of its intermediary metabolism to exploit the resources procured by these activities. This last aspect is critical as it implies that these metabolic aspects need to be considered to understand fatigue. Based on the findings we have accumulated over several years of studying fatigue in diverse murine models of cancer, we show that energy metabolism plays a key role in the development and persistence of this condition. Cancer-related fatigue is dependent on the energy requirements of the tumor and the negative impact of cancer therapy on the mitochondrial function of the host. When inflammation is present, it adds to the organism’s energy expenses. The organism needs to adjust its metabolism to the different forms of cellular stress it experiences thanks to specialized communication factors known as mitokines that act locally and at a distance from the cells in which they are produced. They induce the subjective, behavioral, and metabolic components of fatigue by acting in the brain. Therefore, the targeting of mitokines and their brain receptors offers a window of opportunity to treat fatigue when it is no longer adaptive but an obstacle to the quality of life of cancer survivors.
{"title":"The metabolic basis of cancer-related fatigue","authors":"Robert Dantzer , Brandon Chelette , Elisabeth G. Vichaya , A. Phillip West , Aaron Grossberg","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although we are all familiar with the sensation of fatigue, there are still profound divergences on what it represents and its mechanisms. Fatigue can take various forms depending on the condition in which it develops. Cancer-related fatigue is considered a symptom of exhaustion that is often present at the time of diagnosis, increases in intensity during cancer therapy, and does not always recede after completion of treatment. It is usually attributed to the inflammation induced by damage-associated molecular patterns released by tumor cells during cancer progression and in response to its treatment. In this review, we argue that it is necessary to go beyond the symptoms of fatigue to understand its nature and mechanisms. We propose to consider fatigue as a psychobiological process that regulates the behavioral activities an organism engages in to satisfy its needs, according to its physical ability to do so and to the capacity of its intermediary metabolism to exploit the resources procured by these activities. This last aspect is critical as it implies that these metabolic aspects need to be considered to understand fatigue. Based on the findings we have accumulated over several years of studying fatigue in diverse murine models of cancer, we show that energy metabolism plays a key role in the development and persistence of this condition. Cancer-related fatigue is dependent on the energy requirements of the tumor and the negative impact of cancer therapy on the mitochondrial function of the host. When inflammation is present, it adds to the organism’s energy expenses. The organism needs to adjust its metabolism to the different forms of cellular stress it experiences thanks to specialized communication factors known as mitokines that act locally and at a distance from the cells in which they are produced. They induce the subjective, behavioral, and metabolic components of fatigue by acting in the brain. Therefore, the targeting of mitokines and their brain receptors offers a window of opportunity to treat fatigue when it is no longer adaptive but an obstacle to the quality of life of cancer survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106035"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105979
Sara De Felice , Tara Chand , Ilona Croy , Veronika Engert , Pavel Goldstein , Clay B. Holroyd , Peter Kirsch , Sören Krach , Yina Ma , Dirk Scheele , Matthias Schurz , Stefan R. Schweinberger , Stefanie Hoehl , Pascal Vrticka
Humans are highly social, typically without this ability requiring noticeable efforts. Yet, such social fluency poses challenges both for the human brain to compute and for scientists to study. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific research of human sociality has witnessed a shift in focus from single-brain analysis to complex dynamics occurring across several brains, posing questions about what these dynamics mean and how they relate to multifaceted behavioural models. We propose the term ‘Relational Neuroscience’ to collate the interdisciplinary research field devoted to modelling the inter-brain dynamics subserving human connections, spanning from real-time joint experiences to long-term social bonds. Hyperscanning, i.e., simultaneously measuring brain activity from multiple individuals, has proven to be a highly promising technique to investigate inter-brain dynamics. Here, we discuss how hyperscanning can help investigate questions within the field of Relational Neuroscience, considering a variety of subfields, including cooperative interactions in dyads and groups, empathy, attachment and bonding, and developmental neuroscience. While presenting Relational Neuroscience in the light of hyperscanning, our discussion also takes into account behaviour, physiology and endocrinology to properly interpret inter-brain dynamics within social contexts. We consider the strengths but also the limitations and caveats of hyperscanning to answer questions about interacting people. The aim is to provide an integrative framework for future work to build better theories across a variety of contexts and research subfields to model human sociality.
{"title":"Relational neuroscience: Insights from hyperscanning research","authors":"Sara De Felice , Tara Chand , Ilona Croy , Veronika Engert , Pavel Goldstein , Clay B. Holroyd , Peter Kirsch , Sören Krach , Yina Ma , Dirk Scheele , Matthias Schurz , Stefan R. Schweinberger , Stefanie Hoehl , Pascal Vrticka","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans are highly social, typically without this ability requiring noticeable efforts. Yet, such social fluency poses challenges both for the human brain to compute and for scientists to study. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific research of human sociality has witnessed a shift in focus from single-brain analysis to complex dynamics occurring across several brains, posing questions about what these dynamics mean and how they relate to multifaceted behavioural models. We propose the term ‘<em>Relational Neuroscience</em>’ to collate the interdisciplinary research field devoted to modelling the inter-brain dynamics subserving human connections, spanning from real-time joint experiences to long-term social bonds. Hyperscanning, i.e., simultaneously measuring brain activity from multiple individuals, has proven to be a highly promising technique to investigate inter-brain dynamics. Here, we discuss how hyperscanning can help investigate questions within the field of Relational Neuroscience, considering a variety of subfields, including cooperative interactions in dyads and groups, empathy, attachment and bonding, and developmental neuroscience. While presenting Relational Neuroscience in the light of hyperscanning, our discussion also takes into account behaviour, physiology and endocrinology to properly interpret inter-brain dynamics within social contexts. We consider the strengths but also the limitations and caveats of hyperscanning to answer questions about interacting people. The aim is to provide an integrative framework for future work to build better theories across a variety of contexts and research subfields to model human sociality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105979"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105989
Gilbert J. Kirouac
The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is generating interest because evidence establishes a role for this midline thalamic nucleus in behavior. Early tracing studies demonstrated that afferent fibers from the PVT and limbic cortex converge with dopamine fibers within subcompartments of the ventral striatum. Subsequent tracing studies expanded on these observations by establishing that the PVT provides a dense projection to a continuum of striatal-like regions that include the nucleus accumbens and the extended amygdala. These findings have been complemented by recent tracing evidence examining the organization of the PVT’s efferent and afferent connections. An updated view of the organization of projection neurons in PVT is provided with a focus on the input-output relationship of these neurons. The review emphasizes recent findings demonstrating that the PVT is composed of intermixed populations of neurons with axons that collateralize to densely innervate limbic striatal regions while being reciprocally connected with limbic cortical areas that innervate the same regions of the striatum. An updated perspective of the PVT’s anatomical relationship with limbic corticostriatal circuits is presented to stimulate research on how the PVT regulates behavioral responses associated with emotion and motivation.
{"title":"Update on the connectivity of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and its position within limbic corticostriatal circuits","authors":"Gilbert J. Kirouac","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is generating interest because evidence establishes a role for this midline thalamic nucleus in behavior. Early tracing studies demonstrated that afferent fibers from the PVT and limbic cortex converge with dopamine fibers within subcompartments of the ventral striatum. Subsequent tracing studies expanded on these observations by establishing that the PVT provides a dense projection to a continuum of striatal-like regions that include the nucleus accumbens and the extended amygdala. These findings have been complemented by recent tracing evidence examining the organization of the PVT’s efferent and afferent connections. An updated view of the organization of projection neurons in PVT is provided with a focus on the input-output relationship of these neurons. The review emphasizes recent findings demonstrating that the PVT is composed of intermixed populations of neurons with axons that collateralize to densely innervate limbic striatal regions while being reciprocally connected with limbic cortical areas that innervate the same regions of the striatum. An updated perspective of the PVT’s anatomical relationship with limbic corticostriatal circuits is presented to stimulate research on how the PVT regulates behavioral responses associated with emotion and motivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105989"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106023
Tobias Grossmann
The notion that the self is fundamentally social in nature and develops through social interactions has a long tradition in philosophy, sociology, and psychology. However, to date, the early development of the social self and its brain bases in infancy has received relatively little attention. This presents a review and synthesis of existing neuroimaging research, showing that infants recruit brain systems, involved in self-processing and social cognition in adults, when responding to self-relevant cues during social interactions. Moreover, this review draws on recent research, demonstrating the early developmental emergence and social embeddedness/dependency of the default-mode network in infancy, a brain network considered of critical importance to the sense of self and social cognition. This stands in contrast to research pointing to the relatively late ontogenetic emergence of the conceptual self, by about 18–24 months of age, as seen in the mirror-self recognition test. Based on this review and synthesis, the social self first hypothesis (SSFH) is formulated, presenting an integrated view, arguing for the early ontogenetic emergence of the social self and its brain basis. This developmental account informs and extends existing evolutionary thinking, emphasizing the primary role that social interdependence has played in the evolution of the human mind.
{"title":"The social self in the developing brain","authors":"Tobias Grossmann","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The notion that the self is fundamentally social in nature and develops through social interactions has a long tradition in philosophy, sociology, and psychology. However, to date, the early development of the social self and its brain bases in infancy has received relatively little attention. This presents a review and synthesis of existing neuroimaging research, showing that infants recruit brain systems, involved in self-processing and social cognition in adults, when responding to self-relevant cues during social interactions. Moreover, this review draws on recent research, demonstrating the early developmental emergence and social embeddedness/dependency of the default-mode network in infancy, a brain network considered of critical importance to the sense of self and social cognition. This stands in contrast to research pointing to the relatively late ontogenetic emergence of the conceptual self, by about 18–24 months of age, as seen in the mirror-self recognition test. Based on this review and synthesis, the <em>social self first hypothesis</em> (<em>SSFH)</em> is formulated, presenting an integrated view, arguing for the early ontogenetic emergence of the social self and its brain basis. This developmental account informs and extends existing evolutionary thinking, emphasizing the primary role that social interdependence has played in the evolution of the human mind.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106023"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identifying optimal treatment approaches for schizophrenia is challenging due to varying symptomatology and treatment responses. Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in predicting outcomes, prompting this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate various AI models' predictive utilities in schizophrenia treatment. A systematic search was conducted, and the risk of bias was evaluated. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio with 95 % confidence intervals between AI models and the reference standard for response to treatment were assessed. Diagnostic accuracy measures were calculated, and subgroup analysis was performed based on the input data of AI models. Out of the 21 included studies, AI models achieved a pooled sensitivity of 70 % and specificity of 76 % in predicting schizophrenia treatment response with substantial predictive capacity and a near-to-high level of test accuracy. Subgroup analysis revealed EEG-based models to have the highest sensitivity (89 %) and specificity (94 %), followed by imaging-based models (76 % and 80 %, respectively). However, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies in treatment response definitions, participant characteristics, and therapeutic interventions. Despite methodological variations and small sample sizes in some modalities, this study underscores AI's predictive utility in schizophrenia treatment, offering insights for tailored approaches, improving adherence, and reducing relapse risk.
{"title":"Predictive utility of artificial intelligence on schizophrenia treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Reza Saboori Amleshi , Mehran Ilaghi , Masoud Rezaei , Moein Zangiabadian , Hossein Rezazadeh , Gregers Wegener , Shokouh Arjmand","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying optimal treatment approaches for schizophrenia is challenging due to varying symptomatology and treatment responses. Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in predicting outcomes, prompting this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate various AI models' predictive utilities in schizophrenia treatment. A systematic search was conducted, and the risk of bias was evaluated. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio with 95 % confidence intervals between AI models and the reference standard for response to treatment were assessed. Diagnostic accuracy measures were calculated, and subgroup analysis was performed based on the input data of AI models. Out of the 21 included studies, AI models achieved a pooled sensitivity of 70 % and specificity of 76 % in predicting schizophrenia treatment response with substantial predictive capacity and a near-to-high level of test accuracy. Subgroup analysis revealed EEG-based models to have the highest sensitivity (89 %) and specificity (94 %), followed by imaging-based models (76 % and 80 %, respectively). However, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies in treatment response definitions, participant characteristics, and therapeutic interventions. Despite methodological variations and small sample sizes in some modalities, this study underscores AI's predictive utility in schizophrenia treatment, offering insights for tailored approaches, improving adherence, and reducing relapse risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105968"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106028
M. Maddalena Brambilla , Serafina Perrone , Anna-Mariia Shulhai , Davide Ponzi , Silvia Paterlini , Francesco Pisani , Dolores Rollo , Annalisa Pelosi , Maria Elisabeth Street , Paola Palanza
Breast milk (BM) is the main nutrition source for infants that plays a key role on growth and development. Human milk composition includes endogenous and exogenous substances, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs are man-made environmental chemicals present in everyday environment and food that can disrupt the programming of endocrine signalling pathways during development, resulting in adverse effects that may not be apparent until much later in life. The presence of single and/or mixtures of EDCs in BM has been shown to be associated with impairment of reproductive, metabolic, immunologic system and neurobehavioral developmental outcomes. This systematic review discusses the current knowledge about the presence of EDCs in BM, and their potential effects on infant outcomes during the first six years of life. Following PRISMA guidelines, we made a systematic evaluation of the literature on the effects of single and mixtures EDC on (i) mental and psychomotor development; (ii) socio-communicative and behavioral development. Negative association between EDC exposure and developmental areas considered emerged highlighting: (i) BM as a potential key matrix for the monitoring of EDC exposure (ii) the short- and long-term negative effect on infant neuro-behavioral outcomes, and (iii) the importance of public health efforts to reduce maternal and infant EDC exposure. However, heterogeneous results found emphasizes the need to further longitudinal studies to consider factors that can lower EDC exposure or exert a protective role on infant neurodevelopment, and to better understand the mechanism behind the EDCs and its effects on infant development.
{"title":"Systematic review on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in breastmilk and neuro-behavioral development: Insight into the early ages of life","authors":"M. Maddalena Brambilla , Serafina Perrone , Anna-Mariia Shulhai , Davide Ponzi , Silvia Paterlini , Francesco Pisani , Dolores Rollo , Annalisa Pelosi , Maria Elisabeth Street , Paola Palanza","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast milk (BM) is the main nutrition source for infants that plays a key role on growth and development. Human milk composition includes endogenous and exogenous substances, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs are man-made environmental chemicals present in everyday environment and food that can disrupt the programming of endocrine signalling pathways during development, resulting in adverse effects that may not be apparent until much later in life. The presence of single and/or mixtures of EDCs in BM has been shown to be associated with impairment of reproductive, metabolic, immunologic system and neurobehavioral developmental outcomes. This systematic review discusses the current knowledge about the presence of EDCs in BM, and their potential effects on infant outcomes during the first six years of life. Following PRISMA guidelines, we made a systematic evaluation of the literature on the effects of single and mixtures EDC on (i) mental and psychomotor development; (ii) socio-communicative and behavioral development. Negative association between EDC exposure and developmental areas considered emerged highlighting: (i) BM as a potential key matrix for the monitoring of EDC exposure (ii) the short- and long-term negative effect on infant neuro-behavioral outcomes, and (iii) the importance of public health efforts to reduce maternal and infant EDC exposure. However, heterogeneous results found emphasizes the need to further longitudinal studies to consider factors that can lower EDC exposure or exert a protective role on infant neurodevelopment, and to better understand the mechanism behind the EDCs and its effects on infant development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultimate and proximate levels of analysis offer synergistic explanations can improve the search for causes of disease and their cures. Here we review how several principles of evolutionary biology such as historical contingencies, mismatches, trade-offs, sexual selection and genomic conflict are applied to problems in medicine and psychiatry. The application of evolutionary principles to many other domains of medicine, among them mental disorders, have not received the same reception from preclinical and clinical researchers. The lack of a well-coordinated interdisciplinarity may be one reason for the slow application of evolutionary principles to biomedicine and psychiatry. This is exemplified by the case of ethopharmacology, an evolutionary approach to psychopharmacology strongly proposed and applied by ethologists but apparently unknown to many evolutionary minded scholars. Another reason has to do with the lack of efforts from many medical schools to integrate evolution and its principles in their curriculum studiorum. Interestingly, this Darwinian approach is generating an important evolutionary epistemology for the study of body and human mind health and diseases.
{"title":"The relevance of the evolutionary approach for understanding health and disease of the human body and mind","authors":"Davide Ponzi , Stefano Parmigiani , Silvia Paterlini , Mariateresa Bellantoni , Paola Palanza","doi":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultimate and proximate levels of analysis offer synergistic explanations can improve the search for causes of disease and their cures. Here we review how several principles of evolutionary biology such as historical contingencies, mismatches, trade-offs, sexual selection and genomic conflict are applied to problems in medicine and psychiatry. The application of evolutionary principles to many other domains of medicine, among them mental disorders, have not received the same reception from preclinical and clinical researchers. The lack of a well-coordinated interdisciplinarity may be one reason for the slow application of evolutionary principles to biomedicine and psychiatry. This is exemplified by the case of ethopharmacology, an evolutionary approach to psychopharmacology strongly proposed and applied by ethologists but apparently unknown to many evolutionary minded scholars. Another reason has to do with the lack of efforts from many medical schools to integrate evolution and its principles in their <em>curriculum studiorum</em>. Interestingly, this Darwinian approach is generating an important evolutionary epistemology for the study of body and human mind health and diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56105,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 106009"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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