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Enhancing local energy sharing reliability within peer-to-peer prosumer communities: A cellular automata and deep learning approach 增强点对点专业消费者社区内的本地能源共享可靠性:细胞自动机和深度学习方法
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101504

This study introduces a significant advancement in peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading systems within smart grids, addressing a crucial gap in existing research by incorporating optimal energy storage capacities to accommodate varying energy demands resulting from lifestyle changes. Through a two-level optimization approach, aimed at maximizing self consumption and optimizing energy flow within the grid, we propose a novel energy management strategy. Our contribution lies in the introduction of a new layer of deep learning and rules control, forming a self-energy sharing system for each prosumer. This architecture, termed the smart node, integrates deep learning techniques, to predict and customize energy services through dynamic adjustment of lower and upper bounds of battery capacities. Additionally, we leverage cellular automaton (CA) approaches to establish sustainable consensus among P2P network users, enhancing the adaptability and efficiency of the energy management system. The results show that the proposed algorithm could reduce the energy consumed by the P2P community from the utility by around 20% and maximize the collective self-consumption by around 8% compared to conventional energy trading in microgrids.

本研究介绍了智能电网中点对点(P2P)能源交易系统的一项重大进展,通过纳入最佳能源存储容量来适应生活方式改变所带来的不同能源需求,从而弥补了现有研究中的一个重要空白。我们提出了一种新颖的能源管理策略,通过两级优化方法实现自我消费最大化和电网内能源流最优化。我们的贡献在于引入了一个新的深度学习和规则控制层,为每个消费者形成了一个自我能源共享系统。这种被称为智能节点的架构整合了深度学习技术,通过动态调整电池容量的上下限来预测和定制能源服务。此外,我们还利用蜂窝自动机(CA)方法在 P2P 网络用户之间建立可持续的共识,从而提高能源管理系统的适应性和效率。研究结果表明,与微电网中的传统能源交易相比,所提出的算法可将 P2P 社区从公用事业部门消耗的能源减少约 20%,并将集体自我消耗最大化约 8%。
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引用次数: 0
Leak identification and quantification in gas network using operational data and deep learning framework 利用运行数据和深度学习框架识别和量化天然气管网中的泄漏点
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101496

In this study, we introduce an innovative deep learning framework designed to achieve precise detection, localization, and rate estimation of gas distribution pipeline system leakages. Our method surpasses conventional statistical approaches, particularly those based on Bayesian inference, by accommodating the system’s intricate behaviors, including variable usage and production from both sources and sinks. Notably, our approach demonstrates remarkable accuracy in localizing leakages even amidst multiple occurrences within the system. Specifically, achieving over 98% accuracy in single-leakage scenarios underscores its effectiveness. Furthermore, through data augmentation involving the introduction of noise into the training dataset, we significantly enhance the model’s performance, particularly when tested against real-world-like noisy data. This study not only showcases the efficacy of our proposed deep learning framework but also underscores its adaptability and robustness in addressing complex challenges in gas pipeline systems.

在本研究中,我们介绍了一种创新的深度学习框架,旨在实现配气管道系统泄漏的精确检测、定位和速率估算。我们的方法超越了传统的统计方法,尤其是那些基于贝叶斯推理的方法,因为它适应了系统错综复杂的行为,包括来自源和汇的可变用量和产量。值得注意的是,我们的方法即使在系统内多次发生泄漏的情况下,也能准确定位泄漏位置。具体来说,在单次泄漏情况下的准确率超过 98%,这充分证明了它的有效性。此外,通过在训练数据集中引入噪声的数据增强方法,我们显著提高了模型的性能,尤其是在针对类似真实世界的噪声数据进行测试时。这项研究不仅展示了我们提出的深度学习框架的功效,还强调了它在应对天然气管道系统复杂挑战时的适应性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Week-ahead dispatching of active distribution networks using hybrid energy storage systems 利用混合储能系统对主动配电网进行周前调度
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101500

This paper presents a week-long scheduling approach to address the issues associated with uncertain stochastic generation. Specifically, the method is designed for active distribution networks (ADNs) hosting hybrid energy storages, composed by a hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) and a battery energy storage system (BESS). The inclusion of a pressurized HESS allows to balance energy over longer time periods, as opposed to methods considering only BESSs. To this end, this paper combines linearized models for the electricity grid with linearized models of the HESS to solve a tractable scheduling problem. The proposed optimal schedule consists of an active power trajectory at the grid connection point (GCP), called the dispatch plan, and the unit commitment schedule of a PEM fuel cell and electrolyzer system interfacing the electricity network with the HESS. Additionally, a bilevel model predictive control strategy is proposed, where the upper layer MPC computes a storage target accounting for the full horizon, while the lower layer computes the controllable resource setpoints to minimize the dispatch tracking error in each period. A numerical experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling and control to accurately compute and track a dispatch plan over a full week. The results clearly show the benefits of combining a HESS with a BESS especially in periods where the prosumption is highly uncertain. Finally, we discuss the computational challenges associated with the weekly horizon and the use of a HESS that exhibits different dynamics than a BESS and propose an approach to mitigate the computational cost.

本文介绍了一种周调度方法,用于解决与不确定随机发电相关的问题。具体来说,该方法是针对由氢储能系统(HESS)和电池储能系统(BESS)组成的混合储能有源配电网(ADN)而设计的。与只考虑电池储能系统的方法相比,加入加压氢储能系统可以在更长的时间段内实现能量平衡。为此,本文将电网的线性化模型与 HESS 的线性化模型相结合,解决了一个棘手的调度问题。建议的最优调度包括电网连接点(GCP)上的有功功率轨迹(称为调度计划),以及连接电网与 HESS 的 PEM 燃料电池和电解槽系统的单位承诺调度。此外,还提出了一种双层模型预测控制策略,其中上层 MPC 计算整个范围内的存储目标,而下层则计算可控资源设定点,以最小化每个周期的调度跟踪误差。数值实验表明,建议的调度和控制能有效准确地计算和跟踪一整周的调度计划。实验结果清楚地表明了将 HESS 与 BESS 相结合的优势,尤其是在预测消耗高度不确定的时期。最后,我们讨论了与周范围相关的计算挑战,以及使用与 BESS 不同动态的 HESS 所带来的挑战,并提出了一种降低计算成本的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal distributed energy scheduling for port microgrid system considering the coupling of renewable energy and demand 考虑可再生能源与需求耦合的港口微电网系统最优分布式能源调度
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101506

The increased uptake of distributed renewable energy in port areas is facilitating the electrification and net zero transition of marine ports. Effective operation that considers unique characteristics of the port is critical to minimize the operating cost in the port microgrid (PMG). In this paper, we propose a joint scheduling method that considers the impact of tidal patterns on the period and intensity of port operations. The method takes advantage of the strong correlations between renewable energy (solar, wind and tidal) and multi-class load to support the PMG operator in determining the most cost-effective scheduling of energy supply and flexible loads during port activities. Additionally, the traditional centralized operation is vulnerable to local failures, and distributed operation for hundreds of energy units will result in significant computational burden, neither of which is suitable for the PMG operation. Our work decouples the PMG system based on the port functions and thus decomposes the PMG operation into a few subproblems. Then, we hierarchically solve the primal and dual problems by a distributed algorithm. Simulation results illustrate the benefits of tidal energy in the renewable generation mix. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves cost reductions of 12.4% and 21.7% under two different tidal patterns.

港口地区越来越多地采用分布式可再生能源,这促进了海港的电气化和净零过渡。考虑到港口独特特性的有效运营对于最大限度降低港口微电网(PMG)的运营成本至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了一种联合调度方法,该方法考虑了潮汐模式对港口运营周期和强度的影响。该方法利用可再生能源(太阳能、风能和潮汐能)与多类负载之间的强相关性,支持港口微电网运营商在港口活动期间确定最具成本效益的能源供应和灵活负载调度。此外,传统的集中式运行容易受到局部故障的影响,而数百个能源单元的分布式运行会带来巨大的计算负担,这两种方式都不适合永磁发电机组的运行。我们的工作基于港口功能对永磁发电机系统进行解耦,从而将永磁发电机运行分解为几个子问题。然后,我们采用分布式算法分层求解原始问题和对偶问题。仿真结果表明了潮汐能在可再生能源发电组合中的优势。此外,在两种不同的潮汐模式下,所提出的方法分别降低了 12.4% 和 21.7% 的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Source-load coordinated dispatching model taking into account the similarity between renewable energy and load power 考虑到可再生能源与负载功率相似性的源-负载协调调度模型
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101499

With the deployment of renewable energy, the load curve is expected to follow the renewable energy output curve to minimize the fluctuation of thermal power output in the source-load coordinated dispatching. The traditional indicators for the load curve are no longer enough to describe the load characteristics. A new load indicator called the source-load similarity distance is proposed by improving the similarity measurement method of the time series and calculating the similarity distance between the renewable energy output curve and the load curve. By combining the Euclidean distance with the improved dynamic time warping, the source-load similarity distance is obtained and the data distribution and morphological fluctuation characteristics can be simultaneously considered. The source-load coordinated dispatching model is also established to minimize the source-load similarity distance. The simulation results show that the source-load similarity distance can effectively describe the similarity characteristics of the renewable energy output curve and the load curve. Increasing the source-load similarity distance can reduce the thermal power operation cost by 56.2 % and the cost of demand response by 25.3 %, and increase the utilization rate of wind power by 4.6 % compared to the dispatching model with the standard deviation indicator.

随着可再生能源的部署,负荷曲线有望跟随可再生能源输出曲线,从而在源-荷协调调度中将火电输出的波动降至最低。传统的负荷曲线指标已不足以描述负荷特性。通过改进时间序列的相似性测量方法,计算可再生能源输出曲线与负荷曲线之间的相似性距离,提出了一种新的负荷指标--源-负荷相似性距离。通过将欧氏距离与改进的动态时间扭曲相结合,得到了源荷相似度距离,并可同时考虑数据分布和形态波动特征。同时还建立了源负载协调调度模型,以最小化源负载相似度距离。仿真结果表明,源荷相似度距离能有效描述可再生能源输出曲线与负荷曲线的相似性特征。与采用标准差指标的调度模型相比,提高源-荷相似度距离可降低火电运行成本 56.2%,降低需求响应成本 25.3%,提高风电利用率 4.6%。
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引用次数: 0
Electric vehicle supply equipment monitoring and early fault detection through autoencoders 通过自动编码器监测电动汽车供电设备并及早发现故障
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101497

This paper presents a novel approach to detecting anomalies in Electric Vehicle charging unit power profiles using a combination of Autoencoders with LSTM techniques. This study presents a robust methodology, combining the two Machine Learning techniques, for early fault estimation in a real-world case study. The proposed methodology offers significant advantages over existing methods by providing a more comprehensive analysis of anomalous trends. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the authors tested it on real Electric Vehicles charging power curves provided by an Italian Distribution System Operator recorded on a historical database and compared the performances with the ones of a traditional anomaly detection technique. The results of the study, tested on Electric Vehicles Supply Equipment or charging stations, demonstrate that the proposed approach is highly effective in detecting anomalous trends in Electric Vehicles charging profiles.

本文介绍了一种利用自动编码器与 LSTM 技术相结合检测电动汽车充电装置功率曲线异常的新方法。本研究介绍了一种结合两种机器学习技术的稳健方法,用于在实际案例研究中进行早期故障估计。通过对异常趋势进行更全面的分析,所提出的方法与现有方法相比具有显著优势。为了验证所提方法的有效性,作者对意大利配电系统运营商提供的真实电动汽车充电功率曲线进行了测试,该曲线记录在历史数据库中,并与传统异常检测技术的性能进行了比较。在电动汽车供电设备或充电站上进行的测试结果表明,所提出的方法在检测电动汽车充电曲线的异常趋势方面非常有效。
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引用次数: 0
On the model flexibility of the geographical distributed real-time co-simulation: The example of ENET-RT lab 关于地理分布式实时协同仿真的模型灵活性:以 ENET-RT 实验室为例
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101501

The decarbonization of the energy sector represents a challenge that requires new tools and approaches of analysis. This paper aims to demonstrate the fundamental role that geographical distributed real-time co-simulations (GD-RTDS) can play in this regard. To this end, three different case studies have been analyzed with GD-RTDS, covering a wide range of applications for the energy sector decarbonization: (a) implementation of Renewable Energy Communities for supporting the share increase of Renewable Energy Sources, (b) the integration and management of Onshore Power Supply, and (c) the integration of a forecasting tool for the management of the Electric Vehicle charging. The performed experiments included fully simulated components, together with (power) hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop elements. These components have been simulated in different laboratory facilities in Italy and Germany, all operating in a synchronized manner under the presented geographically-distributed setup. The results show that the proposed architecture is flexible enough to be used for modeling all the different case studies; moreover, they highlight the significant contribution that the GD-RTDS methodology can give in informing and driving energy transition policies and the fundamental role of power systems to spearhead the complete decarbonization of the energy sector.

能源行业的去碳化是一项挑战,需要新的分析工具和方法。本文旨在展示地理分布式实时协同模拟(GD-RTDS)在这方面可以发挥的重要作用。为此,利用 GD-RTDS 分析了三个不同的案例研究,涵盖了能源行业去碳化的广泛应用:(a) 实施可再生能源社区,以支持可再生能源份额的增加;(b) 陆上供电的整合与管理;(c) 电动汽车充电管理预测工具的整合。所进行的实验包括完全模拟的组件,以及(电力)硬件在环和软件在环元素。这些组件已在意大利和德国的不同实验室设施中进行了模拟,所有组件均在提出的地理分布式设置下以同步方式运行。结果表明,所提出的架构非常灵活,可用于所有不同案例研究的建模;此外,这些结果还凸显了 GD-RTDS 方法在提供信息和推动能源转型政策方面所能做出的重大贡献,以及电力系统在引领能源行业全面去碳化方面所发挥的重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Differentiable programming for gradient-based control and optimization in physical systems 物理系统中基于梯度控制和优化的可微编程
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101495

This paper presents an exploration of the application of control theory, particularly utilizing a gradient-based algorithm, to automate and optimize the operation of photovoltaic panels and refrigeration systems in warehouse environments. The study emphasizes achieving coordination between energy generation and consumption, specifically harnessing surplus solar energy for efficient refrigeration. The complex interplay between fluctuating solar irradiance, thermal dynamics of the warehouse, and refrigeration needs underscores the significance of control theory in designing algorithms to dynamically adjust PV panel output and refrigeration system operation. The paper discusses foundational control theory principles, proposes a tailored framework for warehouse operations, and highlights the potential for sustainable energy practices. This paper explores the use of data-driven approaches based on NeuralODEs vs classical ones using physics equations.

本文探讨了控制理论的应用,特别是利用基于梯度的算法,自动优化仓库环境中光伏电池板和制冷系统的运行。研究强调实现能源生产和消费之间的协调,特别是利用剩余太阳能实现高效制冷。波动的太阳辐照度、仓库的热动态和制冷需求之间复杂的相互作用,凸显了控制理论在设计算法以动态调整光伏板输出和制冷系统运行方面的重要性。本文讨论了控制理论的基本原理,提出了针对仓库运营的定制框架,并强调了可持续能源实践的潜力。本文探讨了如何使用基于神经ODE 的数据驱动方法与使用物理方程的经典方法。
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引用次数: 0
A detection based on particle filtering and multivariate time-series anomaly detection via graph attention network for automatic voltage control attack in smart grid 基于粒子滤波和多变量时间序列异常检测的图注意网络检测,用于智能电网中的自动电压控制攻击
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101494
The Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) attack is a novel attack that targets voltage control instructions sent to generators from the dispatching center. A successful AVC attack can manipulate reactive power or terminal voltage of generators without being detected, causing the voltages of pilot buses to deviate from the reference values received from the dispatching center. This poses a threat to the safe and stable operation of power systems. This paper proposed a detection based on Particle Filtering (PF) and multivariate time-series anomaly detection via graph attention network (MTAD-GAT). Although each method can detect AVC attacks independently, the coordination of the two methods can be more effective. PF and MTAD are utilized to predict the voltage changes of the pilot bus in the next moment. To combine them, adaptive weights are employed, and an adaptive hybrid prediction can be calculated. The moment can be identified as attacked if the absolute value of the difference between the pilot bus voltage and the reference value exceeds a threshold automatically chosen by Peaks Over Thresholds (POT) theory. The proposed method has been validated through simulations on the IEEE 39-bus 6-partition Coordinated Secondary Voltage Control (CSVC) system and has shown to be effective.
自动电压控制(AVC)攻击是一种新型攻击,其目标是调度中心发送给发电机的电压控制指令。成功的自动电压控制攻击可在不被发现的情况下操纵发电机的无功功率或终端电压,导致试点母线的电压偏离从调度中心接收的参考值。这对电力系统的安全稳定运行构成了威胁。本文提出了一种基于粒子滤波(PF)和图注意网络多变量时间序列异常检测(MTAD-GAT)的检测方法。虽然每种方法都能独立检测 AVC 攻击,但两种方法的协调使用会更加有效。PF 和 MTAD 可用于预测试点总线下一时刻的电压变化。将这两种方法结合起来,采用自适应权重,就能计算出自适应混合预测。如果先导母线电压与参考值之差的绝对值超过了根据峰值过阈值(POT)理论自动选择的阈值,则该时刻可确定为攻击时刻。通过在 IEEE 39 总线 6 分区协调二次电压控制 (CSVC) 系统上进行仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Coordination of solar battery hybrid power plants and synchronous generators for improving black start capability 协调太阳能电池混合发电厂和同步发电机,提高黑启动能力
IF 4.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.segan.2024.101489

Renewable generation utilizes inverter-based technology which is much different than the coal and nuclear synchronous machines it is replacing. The electrical network was designed around big synchronous machines providing constant dispatchable power and innate inertia to dampen frequency disturbances. The network protection system is based on high available fault current provided by the big generators. The renewable plants have a variable fuel supply, no inertia, and provide less fault current for system protection. A hybrid power plant with renewables, energy storage, and a synchronous generator can play a significant role in restoring power system operation after the occurrence of a blackout. This paper presents an improved method to utilize inverter-based resources (IBR) with existing synchronous generation to improve the black start capability while minimizing the overall system’s operation cost and providing additional ancillary grid services. A battery energy storage system is modeled with grid forming inverters to provide black start to the synchronous unit while the solar is modeled with grid following inverters. A Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) is developed to model the auxiliary load for reducing the fuel consumption in synchronous generators and reducing the cost. Several case studies are conducted to verify the performance of the grid forming inverters with battery storage to start the largest direct online (DOL) and soft start motors. Utilizing actual synchronous generator auxiliary load data for a year, a quasi-dynamic simulation analysis is performed to determine energy storage requirements for black start. Finally, the energy benefits of the solar installation are estimated from simulating the hybrid system for 1 year. A reduced fuel burn simulation is performed by constraining the export power to the actual data and reducing synchronous generation to account for the solar generation and the reduced auxiliary load. The study finds that the IBR resources are capable of successfully black starting the synchronous generator and reducing fuel consumption and earning additional revenue from the solar plants.

可再生能源发电利用的是基于逆变器的技术,这与它所取代的煤炭和核能同步机器有很大不同。电网是围绕大型同步电机设计的,这些同步电机可提供恒定的可调度功率,并具有抑制频率干扰的固有惯性。电网保护系统基于大型发电机提供的高可用故障电流。可再生能源发电厂的燃料供应可变,没有惯性,为系统保护提供的故障电流较小。由可再生能源、储能和同步发电机组成的混合发电厂可在停电后恢复电力系统运行方面发挥重要作用。本文提出了一种改进的方法,利用基于逆变器的资源(IBR)和现有的同步发电机来提高黑启动能力,同时最大限度地降低整个系统的运行成本,并提供额外的辅助电网服务。电池储能系统的建模采用电网形成逆变器,为同步装置提供黑启动,而太阳能系统的建模采用电网跟随逆变器。开发了一种长短期记忆(LSTM)来模拟辅助负载,以减少同步发电机的燃料消耗并降低成本。进行了几项案例研究,以验证带有电池储能的并网逆变器在启动最大的直接在线(DOL)和软启动电机时的性能。利用一年的实际同步发电机辅助负载数据,进行了准动态模拟分析,以确定黑启动的储能需求。最后,通过对混合动力系统进行为期一年的模拟,估算出太阳能装置的能源效益。通过将输出功率限制在实际数据范围内,并减少同步发电量以考虑太阳能发电和减少的辅助负荷,进行了减少燃料燃烧模拟。研究发现,IBR 资源能够成功黑启动同步发电机,减少燃料消耗,并从太阳能发电厂获得额外收入。
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引用次数: 0
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