Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230301101049
P. Upadhyay, Sonia Singh, Bhupesh C. Semwal, V. Vishwakarma
Globally, liver diseases are a significant public health concern, necessitating the development of new chemicals that can aid in their treatment or prevention. As a result, scientists have been looking for natural and artificial compounds with hepatoprotective effects. The key objective of this manuscript is to provide details on several techniques and models for determining liver toxicity. The data has been collected for the manuscript from various e-sources such as Publons, Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. The development of novel pharmaceuticals involve several steps, beginning with identifying the pharmacological effects in cellular and animal models and concluding with demonstrating their safety and efficacy in humans. The scientific literature mentions several In vitro, ex vivo, and In vivo experimental paradigms for evaluating hepatoprotective drugs. This review's main objective is to outline the key traits, advantages, and disadvantages of each model, as well as the most commonly used hepatotoxic substances (acetaminophen, t-BuOOH, d-galactosamine, ethanol, thioacetamide), biochemical parameters helpful in assessing liver damage in various models, and the most frequently used hepatotoxic substances overall.
在全球范围内，肝病是一个重大的公共卫生问题，需要开发有助于治疗或预防肝病的新化学物质。因此，科学家们一直在寻找具有肝脏保护作用的天然和人工化合物。本手稿的主要目的是提供关于确定肝毒性的几种技术和模型的详细信息。手稿的数据来自Publons、Pubmed、Scopus、ScienceDirect和Web of Science等各种电子资源。新药的开发涉及几个步骤，从鉴定细胞和动物模型中的药理作用开始，到证明其在人类中的安全性和有效性结束。科学文献提到了几种评估肝保护药物的体外、离体和体内实验范式。这篇综述的主要目的是概述每种模型的关键特征、优点和缺点，以及最常用的肝毒性物质（对乙酰氨基酚、t-BuOOH、d-氨基半乳糖、乙醇、硫代乙酰胺），有助于评估各种模型中肝损伤的生物化学参数，以及最常使用的总体肝毒性物质。
{"title":"Assessment Methods for Various Hepatotoxicities and their Experimental Models: A Review","authors":"P. Upadhyay, Sonia Singh, Bhupesh C. Semwal, V. Vishwakarma","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230301101049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230301101049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Globally, liver diseases are a significant public health concern, necessitating the development of new chemicals that can aid in their treatment or prevention. As a result, scientists have been looking for natural and artificial compounds with hepatoprotective effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The key objective of this manuscript is to provide details on several techniques and models for determining liver toxicity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The data has been collected for the manuscript from various e-sources such as Publons, Pubmed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The development of novel pharmaceuticals involve several steps, beginning with identifying the pharmacological effects in cellular and animal models and concluding with demonstrating their safety and efficacy in humans. The scientific literature mentions several In vitro, ex vivo, and In vivo experimental paradigms for evaluating hepatoprotective drugs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review's main objective is to outline the key traits, advantages, and disadvantages of each model, as well as the most commonly used hepatotoxic substances (acetaminophen, t-BuOOH, d-galactosamine, ethanol, thioacetamide), biochemical parameters helpful in assessing liver damage in various models, and the most frequently used hepatotoxic substances overall.\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43237020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230228154019
Fatma H. M. Nossier, Rehab M S Ashour, Azza R Abdel Monem, A. Elsayed
Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson (African mangosteen) is a member of family Clusiaceae and is native to South Africa. It is distributed from Malaysia to the Philippines, Burma and India. The plant is used traditionally in the treatment of diarrhea. It contains various chemical constituents belonging to biflavonoids, benzophenones and xanthones. Garcinia livingstonei is reported to possess beneficial pharmacological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and cytotoxicity. This review aims at summarizing the available literature on the botanical features, phytochemical, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological activities of Garcinia livingstonei.
{"title":"Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson: A Potential Source for Bioactive Constituents","authors":"Fatma H. M. Nossier, Rehab M S Ashour, Azza R Abdel Monem, A. Elsayed","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230228154019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230228154019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson (African mangosteen) is a member of family Clusiaceae and is native to South Africa. It is distributed from Malaysia to the Philippines, Burma and India. The plant is used traditionally in the treatment of diarrhea. It contains various chemical constituents belonging to biflavonoids, benzophenones and xanthones. Garcinia livingstonei is reported to possess beneficial pharmacological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and cytotoxicity. This review aims at summarizing the available literature on the botanical features, phytochemical, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological activities of Garcinia livingstonei.\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48497015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230223094232
D. Kurnia, Zenika Febian Ramadhanty, Boima Situmeang, Mieke Hemiawati, Nur Asmah
Ant-nest (Myrmecodia pendans) is an epiphytic plant that can prevent several diseases, including bacterial infections. Diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, while infections in the oral cavity can be caused by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Antibacterial activity is also influenced by conditions of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are needed to inhibit the formation of excess ROS in the body. Superoxide anion radicals are included in the generation of ROS, which are produced by several enzymes, such as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or commonly known as Nox and xanthine oxidase (XO). Ant-nest (Myrmecodia pendans) is an epiphytic plant that can prevent several diseases, including bacterial infections. Diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, while infections in the oral cavity can be caused by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Antibacterial activity is also influenced by conditions of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are needed to inhibit the formation of excess ROS in the body. Superoxide anion radicals are included in the generation of ROS, which are produced by several enzymes, such as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or commonly known as Nox and xanthine oxidase (XO). This study aimed to determine the potential of M. pendans as an antibacterial in vitro and in silico correlation in the formation of superoxide anion radicals. To determine the potential of M. pendans as an antibacterial in vitro and in silico correlation in the formation of superoxide anion radicals. The compounds were obtained by column chromatography method, followed by a spectroscopic examination. In vitro test using the disc diffusion method and in silico test using AutoDock 4.2 program were conducted with positive control fosfomycin and allopurinol, tethered to MurA, Nox, and XO enzymes, and visualized using the Discovery Studio 2020. Compound 1 (oleanolic acid ) and compound 2 (pomolic acid) demonstrated antibacterial activity against E.coli but no activity against E. faecalis. Compound 3 (acid-3-hydroxy-eupan-20,24-dien-26-oic) demonstrated no activity against these two bacteria. Based on the in silico results, compound 3 had the best binding energy affinity for all MurA, Nox, and XO enzymes of -6.89, -9.35, and -9.75 Kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, compounds 1 and 2 had good binding energies for Nox protein of -9.29 Kcal/mol and -6.54 Kcal/mol and XO of -7.66 and -4.7 Kcal/mol, respectively. In vitro results against E.coli and E. faecalis bacteria showed inhibition by compounds 1 and 2 but not by compound 3. Meanwhile, in in silico analysis, all the compounds showed potential as an inhibitor of superoxide anion radicals generated by enzymes Nox and XO. In vitro results against E.coli and E. faecalis bacteria showed inhibition by compounds 1 and 2, but not by compound 3. Meanwhile, based on the results of in silico data, compounds 1-3 had the potential
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antioxidant Superoxide Anion Radical Inhibitors from Myrmecodia pendans: An In Silico Study","authors":"D. Kurnia, Zenika Febian Ramadhanty, Boima Situmeang, Mieke Hemiawati, Nur Asmah","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230223094232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230223094232","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ant-nest (Myrmecodia pendans) is an epiphytic plant that can prevent several diseases, including bacterial infections. Diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, while infections in the oral cavity can be caused by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Antibacterial activity is also influenced by conditions of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are needed to inhibit the formation of excess ROS in the body. Superoxide anion radicals are included in the generation of ROS, which are produced by several enzymes, such as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or commonly known as Nox and xanthine oxidase (XO).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Ant-nest (Myrmecodia pendans) is an epiphytic plant that can prevent several diseases, including bacterial infections. Diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, while infections in the oral cavity can be caused by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Antibacterial activity is also influenced by conditions of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Antioxidants are needed to inhibit the formation of excess ROS in the body. Superoxide anion radicals are included in the generation of ROS, which are produced by several enzymes, such as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or commonly known as Nox and xanthine oxidase (XO).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to determine the potential of M. pendans as an antibacterial in vitro and in silico correlation in the formation of superoxide anion radicals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To determine the potential of M. pendans as an antibacterial in vitro and in silico correlation in the formation of superoxide anion radicals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The compounds were obtained by column chromatography method, followed by a spectroscopic examination. In vitro test using the disc diffusion method and in silico test using AutoDock 4.2 program were conducted with positive control fosfomycin and allopurinol, tethered to MurA, Nox, and XO enzymes, and visualized using the Discovery Studio 2020.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Compound 1 (oleanolic acid ) and compound 2 (pomolic acid) demonstrated antibacterial activity against E.coli but no activity against E. faecalis. Compound 3 (acid-3-hydroxy-eupan-20,24-dien-26-oic) demonstrated no activity against these two bacteria. Based on the in silico results, compound 3 had the best binding energy affinity for all MurA, Nox, and XO enzymes of -6.89, -9.35, and -9.75 Kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, compounds 1 and 2 had good binding energies for Nox protein of -9.29 Kcal/mol and -6.54 Kcal/mol and XO of -7.66 and -4.7 Kcal/mol, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In vitro results against E.coli and E. faecalis bacteria showed inhibition by compounds 1 and 2 but not by compound 3. Meanwhile, in in silico analysis, all the compounds showed potential as an inhibitor of superoxide anion radicals generated by enzymes Nox and XO.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In vitro results against E.coli and E. faecalis bacteria showed inhibition by compounds 1 and 2, but not by compound 3. Meanwhile, based on the results of in silico data, compounds 1-3 had the potential","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47488156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230220145335
S. Karami-Mohajeri, Farideh Sharififar, Mokarame Pudineh Morref
Exposure to arsenic through drinking water is a global health problem that causes multisystem toxicity, mainly by inducing oxidative stress and impairing cellular energy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Quercus infectoria gall extract (Qi) against oxidative stress induced by sub-acute exposure to arsenic. The plant galls were extracted with methanol and were used for the determination of total phenolic content using Folin-Cio calteu reagent. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of 6 animals and treated for 30 days. Negative and positive control groups received, respectively, normal saline and sodium arsenite (5.5 mg/kg) by gavage. Treatment groups received three doses of Qi (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal injection 2 h. after oral administration of normal saline or sodium arsenite (5.5 mg/kg) (As-Qi). After 30 days, all animals were anesthetized with ketamine/xylasine and 2 mL of blood was taken for measurement of total antioxidant capacity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid peroxidation (measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)) and protein carbonylation of plasma. Total phenolic content of the plant was determined to be 5.78± 0.23mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dried extract. The results of pharmacological studies indicated that in arsenic treated animals, a significant decrease in TAC, increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation happens compared to control group. Co-administration of Qi (600 mg/kg) with arsenic significantly increased TAC compared with arsenic group (0.245 ± 0.007 versus 0.183 ± 0.027 for arsenic) (p<0.05), while the serum MDA level (1.880± 0.499 versus 2.795 ± 0.112 for arsenic) and protein carbonylation were decreased in this group compared with arsenic treated animals (0.128± 0.007 versus 0.159 ± 0.009 for arsenic) (p<0.01). In non-treated arsenic animals (NTAS), all three doses of Qi improved oxidative stress markers. Arsenic disrupt cellular antioxidant defense through overproduction of ROS and the Qi galls are able to revert some of these oxidant activities of arsenic. Previous studies have reported antioxidants in the plant and the present work can conclude that antioxidant effect of Qi is useful against happened oxidative stress in arsenic treated animals. no
通过饮用水接触砷是一个全球性的健康问题，它会导致多系统毒性，主要是通过诱导氧化应激和损害细胞能量。我们的目的是评估感染Quercus infectioria gall extract（Qi）对亚急性砷暴露诱导的氧化应激的影响。用甲醇提取植物五倍子，并用Folin-Cio-calteu试剂测定总酚含量。雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为8组，每组6只，治疗30天。阴性对照组和阳性对照组分别灌胃接受生理盐水和亚砷酸钠（5.5mg/kg）。治疗组在口服生理盐水或亚砷酸钠（5.5mg/kg）（As Qi）后2小时通过腹膜内注射接受三剂Qi（200、400和600mg/kg/天）。30天后，用氯胺酮/木聚糖麻醉所有动物，并取2mL血液，使用铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、脂质过氧化（丙二醛（MDA）的测量）和血浆的蛋白质羰基化来测量总抗氧化能力。经测定，该植物的总酚含量为5.78±0.23mg没食子酸当量/g干提取物。药理学研究结果表明，与对照组相比，砷处理的动物TAC显著降低，脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基化增加。与砷组相比，齐（600mg/kg）和砷联合给药显著增加TAC（0.245±0.007对0.183±0.027）（p<0.05），与砷处理动物（0.128±0.007对0.159±0.009）相比，该组血清MDA水平（砷1.880±0.499对2.795±0.112）和蛋白质羰基化水平降低（p<0.01）。砷通过过量产生ROS破坏细胞的抗氧化防御，而气能够恢复砷的一些氧化活性。先前的研究已经报道了这种植物中的抗氧化剂，目前的研究可以得出结论，气的抗氧化作用有助于对抗砷处理动物中发生的氧化应激
{"title":"Antioxidant Effects of Methanolic Extract of Quercus infectoria as a Supplement against Oxidative Stress Induced by Sub-acute Exposure to Arsenic; An in vivo Study","authors":"S. Karami-Mohajeri, Farideh Sharififar, Mokarame Pudineh Morref","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230220145335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230220145335","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Exposure to arsenic through drinking water is a global health problem that causes multisystem toxicity, mainly by inducing oxidative stress and impairing cellular energy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We aimed to evaluate the effect of Quercus infectoria gall extract (Qi) against oxidative stress induced by sub-acute exposure to arsenic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The plant galls were extracted with methanol and were used for the determination of total phenolic content using Folin-Cio calteu reagent. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of 6 animals and treated for 30 days. Negative and positive control groups received, respectively, normal saline and sodium arsenite (5.5 mg/kg) by gavage. Treatment groups received three doses of Qi (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal injection 2 h. after oral administration of normal saline or sodium arsenite (5.5 mg/kg) (As-Qi). After 30 days, all animals were anesthetized with ketamine/xylasine and 2 mL of blood was taken for measurement of total antioxidant capacity using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid peroxidation (measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA)) and protein carbonylation of plasma.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Total phenolic content of the plant was determined to be 5.78± 0.23mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dried extract. The results of pharmacological studies indicated that in arsenic treated animals, a significant decrease in TAC, increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation happens compared to control group. Co-administration of Qi (600 mg/kg) with arsenic significantly increased TAC compared with arsenic group (0.245 ± 0.007 versus 0.183 ± 0.027 for arsenic) \u0000(p<0.05), while the serum MDA level (1.880± 0.499 versus 2.795 ± 0.112 for arsenic) and protein carbonylation were decreased in this \u0000group compared with arsenic treated animals (0.128± 0.007 versus 0.159 ± 0.009 for arsenic) (p<0.01). \u0000In non-treated arsenic animals (NTAS), all three doses of Qi improved oxidative stress markers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Arsenic disrupt cellular antioxidant defense through overproduction of ROS and the Qi galls are able to revert some of these oxidant activities of arsenic. Previous studies have reported antioxidants in the plant and the present work can conclude that antioxidant effect of Qi is useful against happened oxidative stress in arsenic treated animals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000no\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41673509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230209143555
Naiéle Sartori Patias, Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin, A. Sinhorin
Oxidative stress occurs when the cell's antioxidant defense system is insufficient. This can be corrected by active antioxidant substances, which help to eliminate the consequences of the damage caused or prevent the system from reaching the stress level. The actions of antioxidants can inhibit or delay tumor cells' appearance, delaying aging, and preventing other cellular damage resulting from the redox imbalance. Therefore, the present work aimed to research studies already published on Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum) and its biological activities, mainly antioxidant effects once resulting from phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, present in the plant. The methodology used was a literature review where information was collected from several studies related to P. heptaphyllum, oxidative stress, polyphenols, and flavonoids in databases, such as Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS, Chemical Abstract, ScienceDirect, among others in the period from 2002 to 2021. The main studies carried out with metabolites of P. heptaphyllum demonstrated several biological activities such as antioxidant, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, antihyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic, among others. Although P. heptaphyllum has been little investigated by pharmacological studies, the results reported in this work may contribute to this plant species' chemical/pharmacological knowledge. Therefore, the secondary metabolites present in the plant may become test targets in future clinical trials for the drug arsenal. It can be observed that P. heptaphyllum is a promising source of secondary compounds, mainly flavonoids.
当细胞的抗氧化防御系统不足时，就会发生氧化应激。这可以通过活性抗氧化物质来纠正，这有助于消除造成损害的后果或防止系统达到压力水平。抗氧化剂的作用可以抑制或延缓肿瘤细胞的出现，延缓衰老，防止氧化还原失衡引起的其他细胞损伤。因此，本工作旨在研究已经发表的关于七叶草Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum)及其生物活性的研究，主要是植物中存在的类黄酮等酚类化合物的抗氧化作用。使用的方法是文献综述，其中收集了2002年至2021年期间在Scielo, PubMed，谷歌Scholar, LILACS, Chemical Abstract, ScienceDirect等数据库中与P. heptaphyllum，氧化应激，多酚和类黄酮相关的几项研究的信息。对七叶参代谢产物的主要研究表明，七叶参具有抗氧化、保护胃、抗炎、镇痛、抗焦虑、降血糖、高血脂等多种生物活性。虽然七叶草的药理研究很少，但本研究的结果可能有助于了解该植物的化学/药理知识。因此，植物中存在的次生代谢物可能成为未来药物库临床试验的测试目标。由此可见，七叶草是一种很有前途的次生化合物来源，主要是黄酮类化合物。
{"title":"Antioxidant potentials and other biological activities of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.). March: Mini-Review","authors":"Naiéle Sartori Patias, Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin, A. Sinhorin","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230209143555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230209143555","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Oxidative stress occurs when the cell's antioxidant defense system is insufficient. This can be corrected by active antioxidant substances, which help to eliminate the consequences of the damage caused or prevent the system from reaching the stress level.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The actions of antioxidants can inhibit or delay tumor cells' appearance, delaying aging, and preventing other cellular damage resulting from the redox imbalance. Therefore, the present work aimed to research studies already published on Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum) and its biological activities, mainly antioxidant effects once resulting from phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, present in the plant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The methodology used was a literature review where information was collected from several studies related to P. heptaphyllum, oxidative stress, polyphenols, and flavonoids in databases, such as Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS, Chemical Abstract, ScienceDirect, among others in the period from 2002 to 2021.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main studies carried out with metabolites of P. heptaphyllum demonstrated several biological activities such as antioxidant, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, antihyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic, among others. Although P. heptaphyllum has been little investigated by pharmacological studies, the results reported in this work may contribute to this plant species' chemical/pharmacological knowledge. Therefore, the secondary metabolites present in the plant may become test targets in future clinical trials for the drug arsenal.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It can be observed that P. heptaphyllum is a promising source of secondary compounds, mainly flavonoids.\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41350671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230130093453
B. Debnath, K. Manna, Waikhom Somraj Singh, Sanchari Goswami, Abu Md Ashif Ikbal, A. Rajkhowa
Alkaloids are waste products of plant metabolic processes, containing at least one nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring. They serve a wide variety of physiological functions in humans and animals. Metabolism plays a central role in regulating the toxicity of various phytochemicals. Available literature of biological sources and metabolism study of pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phenanthrene, phenethylamine, indole, terpenoid, and aporphine groups of experimental plants-derived alkaloids were collected from the Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science search engines. The literature reveals that hepatic microsomal enzymes such as monooxygenase and putative NADPH-FMN-reductase, carboxyl esterase, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 are primarily involved in the metabolism of alkaloids. This review may encourage natural product researchers to further research and develop new plant-derived alkaloidal drugs.
生物碱是植物代谢过程中的废物，在杂环中至少含有一个氮原子。它们在人类和动物身上具有多种生理功能。代谢在调节各种植物化学物质的毒性方面起着核心作用。从Google Scholar、PubMed/Medline、Science Direct、Scopus、Wiley Online Library和Web of Science搜索引擎收集了实验植物衍生生物碱的吡咯烷、吡咯烷、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、菲、苯乙胺、吲哚、萜类和阿朴啡基团的生物来源和代谢研究的可用文献。文献表明，肝微粒体酶如单加氧酶和推定的NADPH-FMN还原酶、羧基酯酶、CYP2B6、CYP3A4和CYP2D6主要参与生物碱的代谢。这篇综述可能会鼓励天然产物研究人员进一步研究和开发新的植物来源的生物碱药物。
{"title":"Metabolites Study of Experimental Plant Derived Alkaloids: A Review","authors":"B. Debnath, K. Manna, Waikhom Somraj Singh, Sanchari Goswami, Abu Md Ashif Ikbal, A. Rajkhowa","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230130093453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230130093453","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Alkaloids are waste products of plant metabolic processes, containing at least one nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring. They serve a wide variety of physiological functions in humans and animals. Metabolism plays a central role in regulating the toxicity of various phytochemicals. Available literature of biological sources and metabolism study of pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phenanthrene, phenethylamine, indole, terpenoid, and aporphine groups of experimental plants-derived alkaloids were collected from the Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science search engines. The literature reveals that hepatic microsomal enzymes such as monooxygenase and putative NADPH-FMN-reductase, carboxyl esterase, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 are primarily involved in the metabolism of alkaloids. This review may encourage natural product researchers to further research and develop new plant-derived alkaloidal drugs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48608735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-23DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230123111541
Sonali Sundram, Tanu Bisht, R. Malviya, Akanksha Pandey
Globally, there are around 50 million Alzheimer's disease sufferers worldwide, a number that is expected to double every five years and reach 152 million by 2050. Traditional drugs for cognitive impairment are only palliative and do not cure the disease. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by memory and language loss, as well as difficulties with visual orientation and greater executive function. The present study aimed to examine various causes, mechanisms, and roles of different herbal components in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Since ancient times, several different plants have been utilised to improve memory and treat various dementia-related issues. These anti-AD plants include a wide taxonomic range due to acetyl choline esterase inhibition, antioxidant capacity, neuroprotection, mitochondrial energy restoration, and/or precipitated protein clearance. Secondary metabolites of these medicinal plants may be used to treat AD. AADvac1 is an active vaccination that stimulates an immune response by attacking numerous critical epitopes in pathogenic tau variants, thereby preventing tau aggregation and reducing the development of neurofibrillary tangles. Herbal plants are widely used because of their perceived effectiveness, safety, and low cost. To summarise, the evidence supporting the use of herbal components is promising, but more work is needed.
{"title":"Herbal Components for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Sonali Sundram, Tanu Bisht, R. Malviya, Akanksha Pandey","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230123111541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230123111541","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Globally, there are around 50 million Alzheimer's disease sufferers worldwide, a number that is expected to double every five years and reach 152 million by 2050. Traditional drugs for cognitive impairment are only palliative and do not cure the disease. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by memory and language loss, as well as difficulties with visual orientation and greater executive function.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study aimed to examine various causes, mechanisms, and roles of different herbal components in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Since ancient times, several different plants have been utilised to improve memory and treat various dementia-related issues. These anti-AD plants include a wide taxonomic range due to acetyl choline esterase inhibition, antioxidant capacity, neuroprotection, mitochondrial energy restoration, and/or precipitated protein clearance. Secondary metabolites of these medicinal plants may be used to treat AD. AADvac1 is an active vaccination that stimulates an immune response by attacking numerous critical epitopes in pathogenic tau variants, thereby preventing tau aggregation and reducing the development of neurofibrillary tangles.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Herbal plants are widely used because of their perceived effectiveness, safety, and low cost. To summarise, the evidence supporting the use of herbal components is promising, but more work is needed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45915366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666230112165545
R. Erenler, C. Yaman, lbrahim Demirtas, M. Hakkı Alma
Hypericum heterophyllum has been used as a traditional medicine and includes significant bioactive compounds. To quantitatively determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Hypericum heterophyllum flowers and evaluate the antioxidant activity. Also, to present the activity-compound relationship. Flowers of H. heterophyllum Vent., endemic species for Turkey were collected from Yozgat-Turkey. H. heterophyllum flowers were extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform individually. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis for phytochemicals was carried out for each extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were carried out for each extract. The antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH•, ABTS•+, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Chlorogenic acid was found as a major compound in all extracts. Among the extracts, methanol extract included the most phenolic compound. The methanol extract and acetone extract consisted of the most flavonoids. Acetone and ethanol extracts revealed the most DPPH and ABTS activity respectively. Acetone extract exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging effect Flowers of H. heterophyllum contain bioactive compounds and they revealed good antioxidant activity. Hence, H. heterophyllum flowers could be a promising agent for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
{"title":"Phytochemical Investigation of Hypericum heterophyllum Flowers: LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Activity","authors":"R. Erenler, C. Yaman, lbrahim Demirtas, M. Hakkı Alma","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666230112165545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666230112165545","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hypericum heterophyllum has been used as a traditional medicine and includes significant bioactive compounds.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To quantitatively determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Hypericum heterophyllum flowers and evaluate the antioxidant activity. Also, to present the activity-compound relationship.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Flowers of H. heterophyllum Vent., endemic species for Turkey were collected from Yozgat-Turkey. H. heterophyllum flowers were extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform individually. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis for phytochemicals was carried out for each extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were carried out for each extract. The antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH•, ABTS•+, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging assays.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Chlorogenic acid was found as a major compound in all extracts. Among the extracts, methanol extract included the most phenolic compound. The methanol extract and acetone extract consisted of the most flavonoids. Acetone and ethanol extracts revealed the most DPPH and ABTS activity respectively. Acetone extract exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging effect\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Flowers of H. heterophyllum contain bioactive compounds and they revealed good antioxidant activity. Hence, H. heterophyllum flowers could be a promising agent for the pharmaceutical and food industries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47637339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.2174/2210315513666221220092948
Yik-Ling Chew, Sze-Huey Sang, G. Akuwoah, K. Liew
Haircare products with botanical origins and the absence of highly allergenic chemicals, such as parabens, petrochemicals, and silicones, have been considered more skin-friendly and eco-friendly to the environment. Recently, there has been a growing demand for these natural hair care products. Besides the perceived health benefits, many users also believe these botanical origin ingredients are generally milder, non-toxic, natural, and less likely to disrupt the hair and scalp's natural pH and oil balance. Garcinia mangostana has been known for centuries in traditional Asian medicine. α-mangostin is the major xanthones present in G. mangostana. It exists abundantly in the fruit pericarp. Numerous activities have been reported on this plant and α-mangostin in hair care and scalp maintenance. Our review is the first to highlight the potential of G. mangostana pericarp and α-mangostin and the activitiesemphasized in hair care. This review thoroughly discussed five essential activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hair rejuvenation (hair growth), and tanning.
{"title":"Garcinia mangostana Pericarp Extracts and α-Mangostin in Hair Care: An Insight into Their Potential as Functional Ingredients and the Biological Properties","authors":"Yik-Ling Chew, Sze-Huey Sang, G. Akuwoah, K. Liew","doi":"10.2174/2210315513666221220092948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315513666221220092948","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Haircare products with botanical origins and the absence of highly allergenic chemicals, such as parabens, petrochemicals, and silicones, have been considered more skin-friendly and eco-friendly to the environment. Recently, there has been a growing demand for these natural hair care products. Besides the perceived health benefits, many users also believe these botanical origin ingredients are generally milder, non-toxic, natural, and less likely to disrupt the hair and scalp's natural pH and oil balance. Garcinia mangostana has been known for centuries in traditional Asian medicine. α-mangostin is the major xanthones present in G. mangostana. It exists abundantly in the fruit pericarp. Numerous activities have been reported on this plant and α-mangostin in hair care and scalp maintenance. Our review is the first to highlight the potential of G. mangostana pericarp and α-mangostin and the activitiesemphasized in hair care. This review thoroughly discussed five essential activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hair rejuvenation (hair growth), and tanning.\u0000","PeriodicalId":56153,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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