Reading is a highly complex cognitive process. From a neurobiological point of view, it involves at least six linguistic sub-competences including orthographic, semantic, syntactic, phonetic and prosodic competence. Each of these skills is required of the reader to extract different types of information from the text, ranging from the perceptual and the syntactic to the lexical and pragmasemantic one. Based on the main results of cognitive-oriented research on text and reading, this paper illustrates how prosodic competence, combined with formal coherence patterns, can be considered and employed as a reading strategy, enabling the reader to progressively grasp the meanings of a text. In the first part particular attention will be paid to the description of the syntax-prosody interface as well as of its function as a means of encoding of information structure in German. With regard to the teaching of German as a foreign language, the second part of the paper will present a method to train intonational reading. This approach aims to raise foreign language readers’ awareness of prosodic features of written texts and to introduce them to melodic patterns which can be encountered while reading. Such a practical training may prove to be advantageous, as the most typical and apparently “uncorrectable” errors committed by foreign language learners when speaking and reading German texts are almost always related to the domains of phonology and prosody.
{"title":"Die Integration prosodischen und syntaktischen Wissens bei der Ermittlung der Textkohärenz im schriftlichen Textverstehen","authors":"G. Cosentino","doi":"10.13092/lo.117.9041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.117.9041","url":null,"abstract":"Reading is a highly complex cognitive process. From a neurobiological point of view, it involves at least six linguistic sub-competences including orthographic, semantic, syntactic, phonetic and prosodic competence. Each of these skills is required of the reader to extract different types of information from the text, ranging from the perceptual and the syntactic to the lexical and pragmasemantic one.\u0000Based on the main results of cognitive-oriented research on text and reading, this paper illustrates how prosodic competence, combined with formal coherence patterns, can be considered and employed as a reading strategy, enabling the reader to progressively grasp the meanings of a text. In the first part particular attention will be paid to the description of the syntax-prosody interface as well as of its function as a means of encoding of information structure in German. With regard to the teaching of German as a foreign language, the second part of the paper will present a method to train intonational reading. This approach aims to raise foreign language readers’ awareness of prosodic features of written texts and to introduce them to melodic patterns which can be encountered while reading. Such a practical training may prove to be advantageous, as the most typical and apparently “uncorrectable” errors committed by foreign language learners when speaking and reading German texts are almost always related to the domains of phonology and prosody.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42662894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research on the impact and reception of science communication pointed out, that marginalized groups in society like people with mental or learning disabilities or people with limited language skills often remain unconsidered by conventional measures of communicating scientific content (Humm/Schrögel/Leßmöllmann 2020). Easy reading concepts might be a helpful approach to a more inclusive mode of science communication. The paper evaluates if German science institutions and universities offer easy reading versions on their websites to enable the above-mentioned groups to access fundamental scientific information. In a second step it analyses how these easy reading versions have been formally implemented and to what extent the requirements of the Federal Ordinance on Accessible Information Technology (BITV 2.0) have been followed. The paper aims to give a first overview on the efforts of scientific institutions to address marginalized groups and to point out deficits of these efforts.
{"title":"Wissenschaftskommunikation in Leichter Sprache? Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Verwendung von Leichte-Sprache-Angeboten in den Webauftritten deutscher Forschungs- institutionen und Hochschulen","authors":"Monika Hanauska","doi":"10.13092/lo.117.9040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.117.9040","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on the impact and reception of science communication pointed out, that marginalized groups in society like people with mental or learning disabilities or people with limited language skills often remain unconsidered by conventional measures of communicating scientific content (Humm/Schrögel/Leßmöllmann 2020). Easy reading concepts might be a helpful approach to a more inclusive mode of science communication. The paper evaluates if German science institutions and universities offer easy reading versions on their websites to enable the above-mentioned groups to access fundamental scientific information. In a second step it analyses how these easy reading versions have been formally implemented and to what extent the requirements of the Federal Ordinance on Accessible Information Technology (BITV 2.0) have been followed. The paper aims to give a first overview on the efforts of scientific institutions to address marginalized groups and to point out deficits of these efforts. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47991155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The benefits of language learning of children and young people in Croatia have been brought to attention due to increasing global cooperation and international networking. Above all, the tourism sector, which is now the most important branch of the economy in the country, is partly responsible for the continuing motivation to learn foreign languages. Language acquisition is a complex topic that combines many aspects and perspectives. It is influenced by different factors (Riemer 2001) and can often be viewed in relation to specific regions – the latter has aroused our interest after many years of experience in higher education. Croatian students from Zagreb, Osijek, Rijeka and Zadar were asked about their motivation for learning German. Considering the differently developed regions in Croatia, it was investigated whether there are region-specific differences in attitudes towards the German language and motivation to learn German between students from the two geographical regions of Croatia (continental vs. Adriatic Croatia). The procedure was quantitatively oriented. The results come from a questionnaire survey that was carried out specifically for this purpose and they clearly indicate that students from Croatia make a very specific decision to study German and thus to learn German language. It was found that region-specific characteristics or the economic situation of the region and the job opportunities it offers also have an impact on the choice of study in Croatia.
{"title":"Motivation zum Deutschlernen in Kroatien","authors":"Marijana Jeleč, Nikolina Miletić","doi":"10.13092/lo.116.8890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.116.8890","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of language learning of children and young people in Croatia have been brought to attention due to increasing global cooperation and international networking. Above all, the tourism sector, which is now the most important branch of the economy in the country, is partly responsible for the continuing motivation to learn foreign languages. Language acquisition is a complex topic that combines many aspects and perspectives. It is influenced by different factors (Riemer 2001) and can often be viewed in relation to specific regions – the latter has aroused our interest after many years of experience in higher education. Croatian students from Zagreb, Osijek, Rijeka and Zadar were asked about their motivation for learning German. Considering the differently developed regions in Croatia, it was investigated whether there are region-specific differences in attitudes towards the German language and motivation to learn German between students from the two geographical regions of Croatia (continental vs. Adriatic Croatia). The procedure was quantitatively oriented. The results come from a questionnaire survey that was carried out specifically for this purpose and they clearly indicate that students from Croatia make a very specific decision to study German and thus to learn German language. It was found that region-specific characteristics or the economic situation of the region and the job opportunities it offers also have an impact on the choice of study in Croatia.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45935364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper shows results of a proof-of-concept study on two historically related but geographically separated dialects of Swiss German. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, speakers of Valais German (southwestern Switzerland) emigrated to the southeastern part of the country, forming so-called Sprachinseln (enclaves) of Valais German in a Romansh-speaking area. Using an online survey, we collected responses from 300+ participants from the cantons of Valais and Grisons to examine how the two dialects have developed over time. Results suggest stability on the phonetic level, i. e. the two dialects still sound very similar despite having been geographically separated for 800 years. The morphosyntax and lexicon, however, exhibit substantial change. We discuss historic and sociodemographic factors that may explain these patterns.
{"title":"Phonetic stability across time: Linguistic enclaves in Switzerland","authors":"Andrin Büchler, Adrian Leeman","doi":"10.13092/lo.116.8887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.116.8887","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper shows results of a proof-of-concept study on two historically related but geographically separated dialects of Swiss German. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, speakers of Valais German (southwestern Switzerland) emigrated to the southeastern part of the country, forming so-called Sprachinseln (enclaves) of Valais German in a Romansh-speaking area. Using an online survey, we collected responses from 300+ participants from the cantons of Valais and Grisons to examine how the two dialects have developed over time. Results suggest stability on the phonetic level, i. e. the two dialects still sound very similar despite having been geographically separated for 800 years. The morphosyntax and lexicon, however, exhibit substantial change. We discuss historic and sociodemographic factors that may explain these patterns.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the acquisitional patterns of the Italian ci morpheme and its potential role as a clinical marker for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Italian-speaking children, taking into account its distributional, sociolinguistic, and typological properties. To this purpose, we (i) administered a test for the elicited production of clitic pronouns in Italian – which we will refer to as “T-PEC” in the following – to 126 school-aged Italian speakers and (ii) developed a novel test focused on the ci morpheme in order to investigate its production by five-year-old typically developing children. The results and their theoretical interpretations are of particular interest since they could shed light on the acquisition of the morpheme, thus helping understand both typical and atypical grammar development. Given the continuity of the two, it could also be applied to the diagnosis and rehabilitation of DLD, which remains a major challenge for child neuropsychiatrists, psychologists, and speech-language therapists.
{"title":"The acquisition of the clitic ci among typically developing Italian preschoolers: preliminary data","authors":"Alice Souzzi, Gloria Gagliardi","doi":"10.13092/lo.116.8891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.116.8891","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the acquisitional patterns of the Italian ci morpheme and its potential role as a clinical marker for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Italian-speaking children, taking into account its distributional, sociolinguistic, and typological properties. To this purpose, we (i) administered a test for the elicited production of clitic pronouns in Italian – which we will refer to as “T-PEC” in the following – to 126 school-aged Italian speakers and (ii) developed a novel test focused on the ci morpheme in order to investigate its production by five-year-old typically developing children. The results and their theoretical interpretations are of particular interest since they could shed light on the acquisition of the morpheme, thus helping understand both typical and atypical grammar development. Given the continuity of the two, it could also be applied to the diagnosis and rehabilitation of DLD, which remains a major challenge for child neuropsychiatrists, psychologists, and speech-language therapists.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, it is proposed on the basis of data from German that some of the information-structural features encoded by the projections located in the clause-internal Split-CP domain in the Rizzian (1997) model are replicated in the so-called “outer left periphery”, i. e. in the area situated above ForceP. In doing this, I pursue a cartographic approach in which information structure is directly represented in the syntax by means of syntactic heads that project within the clausal left periphery. The main claim of the paper is that the outer left periphery (of German) includes dedicated projections for four classes of topics, namely so-called “Contrastive Hanging Topics”, “Aboutness Contrastive Topics”, “Familiar Hanging Topics” and “Frame-setting Hanging Topics”. The observations made in this paper pave the way for a comparison with other languages, as well as for the question of the universality of this clause-peripheral makeup.
{"title":"Looking at the periphery from the suburbs: An information-structurally based taxonomy of Hanging Topics in German","authors":"Nicholas Catasso","doi":"10.13092/lo.116.8888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.116.8888","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is proposed on the basis of data from German that some of the information-structural features encoded by the projections located in the clause-internal Split-CP domain in the Rizzian (1997) model are replicated in the so-called “outer left periphery”, i. e. in the area situated above ForceP. In doing this, I pursue a cartographic approach in which information structure is directly represented in the syntax by means of syntactic heads that project within the clausal left periphery. The main claim of the paper is that the outer left periphery (of German) includes dedicated projections for four classes of topics, namely so-called “Contrastive Hanging Topics”, “Aboutness Contrastive Topics”, “Familiar Hanging Topics” and “Frame-setting Hanging Topics”. The observations made in this paper pave the way for a comparison with other languages, as well as for the question of the universality of this clause-peripheral makeup.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41563011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article revisits a vexed question, namely the phonological interpretation of the Germanic and Old High German distance assimilation changes. It will be argued that 1) the prehistoric Germanic subsystem of short vowels should be reconstructed with five phonemes (/i/, /e/, /u/, /o/, /a/), not with four (/i/, /e/, /u ~ o/, /a/) or with three (/i ~ e/, /u ~ o/, /a/); 2) the Old High German umlaut phenomena produced phonemic changes before the factors that triggered them off changed or disappeared, because the umlaut allophones gradually shifted to such a degree that they became distinctive in the phonological system of the language and contrastive at a lexical level.
{"title":"On the Germanic and Old High German distance assimilation changes","authors":"Fausto Cercignani","doi":"10.13092/lo.116.8889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.116.8889","url":null,"abstract":"This article revisits a vexed question, namely the phonological interpretation of the Germanic and Old High German distance assimilation changes. It will be argued that 1) the prehistoric Germanic subsystem of short vowels should be reconstructed with five phonemes (/i/, /e/, /u/, /o/, /a/), not with four (/i/, /e/, /u ~ o/, /a/) or with three (/i ~ e/, /u ~ o/, /a/); 2) the Old High German umlaut phenomena produced phonemic changes before the factors that triggered them off changed or disappeared, because the umlaut allophones gradually shifted to such a degree that they became distinctive in the phonological system of the language and contrastive at a lexical level.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49178606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims at describing the innovations brought in the digital phraseography of Genoese thanks to the recent FWF projects GEPHRAS and GEPHRAS2. First, an overview on dialectal phraseography will be given, then the focus will be postponed on the Genoese one. The projects will be described, explaining the main choices that had to be made and that contribute to the innovative character of the Genoese-Italian phraseological dictionary.
{"title":"Ein Modell zur systematischen Erfassung genuenischer Phraseme in Wörterbüchern, illustriert am Beispiel der Forschungsprojekte GEPHRAS und GEPHRAS2","authors":"Erica Autelli","doi":"10.13092/lo.115.8621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.115.8621","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at describing the innovations brought in the digital phraseography of Genoese thanks to the recent FWF projects GEPHRAS and GEPHRAS2. First, an overview on dialectal phraseography will be given, then the focus will be postponed on the Genoese one. The projects will be described, explaining the main choices that had to be made and that contribute to the innovative character of the Genoese-Italian phraseological dictionary.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48550814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution is intended to be a descriptive and analytical study of the vehicular lexical processes of humor in the revolutionary discourse of the Algerian Hirak. Our reflection revolves around the following problem: what are the most productive lexical creation processes for humor in the revolutionary discourse of Hirak in Algeria? Our study would be quantitative in the measure of making statistics on the number of lexes generated by each process and qualitative in the sense of resorting to the contextualization in order to find the source meaning of humor for each lexis. For the purposes of this present research, we have collected 54 lexes that appeared in the revolutionary speech on Facebook pages, from 22 February 2019 until 31 October 2020, a period of moments of popular protest, known as Algerian Hirak, in fact, we first try to classify the collared lexis according to the categories of humor, taking inspiration from the work of P. Charaudeau (2006), then we identify the different creative processes mobilized in each category, in us. Referring to the typology of Pruvost/Sablayrolles (2016).
{"title":"Humour et création lexicale dans le discours révolutionnaire du Hirak algérien","authors":"N. Benazouz, Soraya Refrafi","doi":"10.13092/lo.115.8635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.115.8635","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution is intended to be a descriptive and analytical study of the vehicular lexical processes of humor in the revolutionary discourse of the Algerian Hirak. Our reflection revolves around the following problem: what are the most productive lexical creation processes for humor in the revolutionary discourse of Hirak in Algeria? Our study would be quantitative in the measure of making statistics on the number of lexes generated by each process and qualitative in the sense of resorting to the contextualization in order to find the source meaning of humor for each lexis. For the purposes of this present research, we have collected 54 lexes that appeared in the revolutionary speech on Facebook pages, from 22 February 2019 until 31 October 2020, a period of moments of popular protest, known as Algerian Hirak, in fact, we first try to classify the collared lexis according to the categories of humor, taking inspiration from the work of P. Charaudeau (2006), then we identify the different creative processes mobilized in each category, in us. Referring to the typology of Pruvost/Sablayrolles (2016).","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46365642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Catalan of Alghero is poorly documented at a lexicographic level, and the number of phrasemes to be found in the dictionaries is small. So, where can such word combinations be found and how can they be included in dictionaries? The present article aims to answer these two questions, giving a first overview of the phraseography of diatopic varieties in Italy, followed by information on Algherese and the description of possible resources from which the relevant information could be drawn. This is followed by a sociolinguistic investigation showing the complexity of the topic and a few divergencies from Italian, of which one should take account in the phraseodidactics of Algherese.
{"title":"Fraseologia dell’algherese: risorse e nuovi impulsi per la fraseografia e la fraseodidattica di una varietà linguistica minoritaria italiana","authors":"Erica Autelli, M. Caria","doi":"10.13092/lo.115.8624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13092/lo.115.8624","url":null,"abstract":"The Catalan of Alghero is poorly documented at a lexicographic level, and the number of phrasemes to be found in the dictionaries is small. So, where can such word combinations be found and how can they be included in dictionaries? The present article aims to answer these two questions, giving a first overview of the phraseography of diatopic varieties in Italy, followed by information on Algherese and the description of possible resources from which the relevant information could be drawn. This is followed by a sociolinguistic investigation showing the complexity of the topic and a few divergencies from Italian, of which one should take account in the phraseodidactics of Algherese.","PeriodicalId":56243,"journal":{"name":"Linguistik Online","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43698532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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