Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110005
Tan-Tai Do , Te-Hua Fang
The actual polishing depth is one of the most crucial polishing factors, consistently less than its designed value. Through three-dimensional Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, this research examines how the polishing tool with various spring stiffness interacts with the GaN/AlN double-layer composite model to investigate the formation and impact of hetero-junction surface. A single polishing tool attached to a spring in the typical polishing orientation has allowed for considering various grain spring constants. It is found that the heterointerface evolves from a periodic 6-petaled flower shape to a hexagonal network post-relaxation, featuring coherent regions, stacking faults, and misfit dislocations, with stress concentration due to lattice mismatch. Besides, as the spring stiffness constant increases, the dislocation density distribution in the workpiece increases while that in the heterointerface decreases, leading to a significant decrease in bear tensile stress atoms at the heterointerface after the polishing process.
{"title":"Spring stiffness and heterointerface effects on GaN/AlN double-layer composites polishing","authors":"Tan-Tai Do , Te-Hua Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The actual polishing depth is one of the most crucial polishing factors, consistently less than its designed value. Through three-dimensional Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, this research examines how the polishing tool with various spring stiffness interacts with the GaN/AlN double-layer composite model to investigate the formation and impact of hetero-junction surface. A single polishing tool attached to a spring in the typical polishing orientation has allowed for considering various grain spring constants. It is found that the heterointerface evolves from a periodic 6-petaled flower shape to a hexagonal network post-relaxation, featuring coherent regions, stacking faults, and misfit dislocations, with stress concentration due to lattice mismatch. Besides, as the spring stiffness constant increases, the dislocation density distribution in the workpiece increases while that in the heterointerface decreases, leading to a significant decrease in bear tensile stress atoms at the heterointerface after the polishing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110005"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110006
Huiliang Sun , Kwong Ming Tse , Nishar Hameed , Guoxing Lu
This study firstly explores the dynamic compression behavior and energy absorption characteristics of Miura-ori structures enhanced with shear thickening fluid (STF), highlighting the effects of incorporating non-Newtonian fluids into cellular constructs. Employing a combination of experimental and numerical methods, this research elucidates the superior mechanical properties of STF-enhanced Miura-ori structures compared with their unfilled counterparts, particularly under varying dynamic compression speeds. An extensive parametric analysis assesses the impact of geometric configurations of the Miura-ori (including wall thickness and cell count), STF concentration levels (10%, 20%, and 30%), and compression velocities on the energy dissipation processes. This examination reveals the complementary interaction between the fluid's rheological behavior and the structural mechanics, leading to a notable improvement in energy absorption and average crushing force in STF-filled Miura-ori configurations. These variations are systematically analyzed across different conditions such as wall thickness, number of cells, and STF concentration. The study further contrasts the energy absorption capabilities between STF-filled Miura-ori and honeycomb structures filled with STF. It also compares the performance of STF with other filling materials like water and silicone oil, underscoring the distinct benefits of STF attributable to its shear-thickening properties. These properties markedly enhance energy absorption during the plateau phase and modify the commencement of densification. The findings of this study offer valuable perspectives on the application potential of STF in Miura-ori frameworks for scenarios necessitating elevated energy absorption under dynamic loads.
{"title":"Dynamic compressive behavior of Miura-ori metamaterials filled with shear thickening fluid","authors":"Huiliang Sun , Kwong Ming Tse , Nishar Hameed , Guoxing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study firstly explores the dynamic compression behavior and energy absorption characteristics of Miura-ori structures enhanced with shear thickening fluid (STF), highlighting the effects of incorporating non-Newtonian fluids into cellular constructs. Employing a combination of experimental and numerical methods, this research elucidates the superior mechanical properties of STF-enhanced Miura-ori structures compared with their unfilled counterparts, particularly under varying dynamic compression speeds. An extensive parametric analysis assesses the impact of geometric configurations of the Miura-ori (including wall thickness and cell count), STF concentration levels (10%, 20%, and 30%), and compression velocities on the energy dissipation processes. This examination reveals the complementary interaction between the fluid's rheological behavior and the structural mechanics, leading to a notable improvement in energy absorption and average crushing force in STF-filled Miura-ori configurations. These variations are systematically analyzed across different conditions such as wall thickness, number of cells, and STF concentration. The study further contrasts the energy absorption capabilities between STF-filled Miura-ori and honeycomb structures filled with STF. It also compares the performance of STF with other filling materials like water and silicone oil, underscoring the distinct benefits of STF attributable to its shear-thickening properties. These properties markedly enhance energy absorption during the plateau phase and modify the commencement of densification. The findings of this study offer valuable perspectives on the application potential of STF in Miura-ori frameworks for scenarios necessitating elevated energy absorption under dynamic loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110006"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110008
Qi-hong Gao , Wen-jing Sun , Jing-zhou Zhang , Jian-zhong Li , Jing-yang Zhang
Gas foil bearings (GFBs) face complex fluid-solid-thermal coupling challenges and pronounced thermal effects in ultra-high-speed and miniaturized machinery. This study investigates the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic (TEHD) behavior of bump-type gas foil journal bearing under a steady rotating speed of ω = 1 × 105 rpm during continuous loading process. A detailed three-dimensional numerical simulation integrating finite volume method (FVM) and the finite element method (FEM) is employed to get the coupled interactions between thermal effects, elastic deformation, and fluid lubrication. Results indicate that the increased load intensifies pressure-driven airflow variations, leading to suction and leakage effects at the axial bearing ends. The sharp rise in viscous-shearing heat in the gas film layer significantly elevates peak temperatures and creates non-uniform temperature distributions across the foil and shaft surfaces. This thermal imbalance results in substantial thermal deformation of the foils, with thermal expansion at the foils axial ends due to thermal stress release. The thermal deformation contributes 10∼25 % of the total deformation, while the intensity of thermal stresses comparable to that of elastic stress. This study is beneficial for accurately assessing bearing performance and provide valuable references for the design of GFBs.
{"title":"Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic analysis of gas foil bearing considering thermal effects","authors":"Qi-hong Gao , Wen-jing Sun , Jing-zhou Zhang , Jian-zhong Li , Jing-yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas foil bearings (GFBs) face complex fluid-solid-thermal coupling challenges and pronounced thermal effects in ultra-high-speed and miniaturized machinery. This study investigates the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic (TEHD) behavior of bump-type gas foil journal bearing under a steady rotating speed of <em>ω</em> = 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> rpm during continuous loading process. A detailed three-dimensional numerical simulation integrating finite volume method (FVM) and the finite element method (FEM) is employed to get the coupled interactions between thermal effects, elastic deformation, and fluid lubrication. Results indicate that the increased load intensifies pressure-driven airflow variations, leading to suction and leakage effects at the axial bearing ends. The sharp rise in viscous-shearing heat in the gas film layer significantly elevates peak temperatures and creates non-uniform temperature distributions across the foil and shaft surfaces. This thermal imbalance results in substantial thermal deformation of the foils, with thermal expansion at the foils axial ends due to thermal stress release. The thermal deformation contributes 10∼25 % of the total deformation, while the intensity of thermal stresses comparable to that of elastic stress. This study is beneficial for accurately assessing bearing performance and provide valuable references for the design of GFBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.109992
Kan Li , Zhihao Han , Haiyi Liang
High strength of adhesion is vital for various creatures and engineering applications. However, strong adhesion between printed parts and the release film turns out to be an insurmountable obstacle in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology, and adhesion weakening is highly desired to speed up the fabrication efficiency. In this work, a strategy of sector pattern is proposed to reduce the adhesion force of a rigid punch detaching from a pre-stretched film. A theoretical model is proposed and solved by Fourier–Bessel series method to analyze the decohesion mechanism. Complemented by finite element simulations, we see that the reduction ratio of pull-off force can be attributed to the shortened ratio of periphery length. The sector pattern of the adhesive area ratio has the reduction ratio of for JKR limit (film of low stiffness, strong interfacial adhesion) and for DMT limit (film of large stiffness, low interfacial adhesion). The theoretical and numerical results are validated experimentally by decohesion between printed cylinder parts and a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film. Our study may deepen the understanding of the decohesion mechanism of patterned adhesion and provide a design criterion for reduced pull-off force in DLP 3D printing and similar engineering applications.
{"title":"Weakened adhesion on elastic film via patterned adhesion","authors":"Kan Li , Zhihao Han , Haiyi Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.109992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.109992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High strength of adhesion is vital for various creatures and engineering applications. However, strong adhesion between printed parts and the release film turns out to be an insurmountable obstacle in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology, and adhesion weakening is highly desired to speed up the fabrication efficiency. In this work, a strategy of sector pattern is proposed to reduce the adhesion force of a rigid punch detaching from a pre-stretched film. A theoretical model is proposed and solved by Fourier–Bessel series method to analyze the decohesion mechanism. Complemented by finite element simulations, we see that the reduction ratio of pull-off force can be attributed to the shortened ratio of periphery length. The sector pattern of the adhesive area ratio <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> has the reduction ratio of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msqrt><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msqrt></mrow></math></span> for JKR limit (film of low stiffness, strong interfacial adhesion) and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> for DMT limit (film of large stiffness, low interfacial adhesion). The theoretical and numerical results are validated experimentally by decohesion between printed cylinder parts and a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film. Our study may deepen the understanding of the decohesion mechanism of patterned adhesion and provide a design criterion for reduced pull-off force in DLP 3D printing and similar engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 109992"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110003
Jingyu Wang , Zexuan Chen , Taolin Sun , Zhenyu Jiang , Licheng Zhou , Zejia Liu , Yiping Liu , Bao Yang , Liqun Tang
It is widely recognized that brain tissue exhibits a significant strain rate effect. However, due to technical limitations, the mechanical behavior of brain tissue within the strain rate range of 100–500 s⁻¹ remains poorly understood, leaving the accuracy of existing constitutive models for brain tissue inadequately validated. In this study, we employed a Long Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (LSHPB) system designed for ultra-soft materials to characterize the mechanical behavior of brain tissue at strain rates of 125 s⁻¹ and 340 s⁻¹, thereby addressing the research gap concerning brain tissue behavior under intermediate strain rates. By integrating experimental data from low and high strain rate tests (0.001 s⁻¹, 0.1 s⁻¹, 700 s⁻¹, 900 s⁻¹, and 1700 s⁻¹, respectively), we further observed a significant shift in the strain rate enhancement effect within the intermediate strain rate range. This suggests that current rate-dependent constitutive models are insufficient to accurately describe the comprehensive rate-dependent mechanical behavior of brain tissue. Consequently, we developed a highly nonlinear viscoelastic model capable of effectively describing the mechanical behavior of brain tissue across low, intermediate, and high strain rate ranges. Our work accurately characterizes the large deformation behavior of brain tissue under intermediate strain rates for the first time, revealing its strong nonlinear strain rate enhancement characteristics. Additionally, a suitable constitutive model is proposed. This study not only provides comprehensive insights into the rate-dependent mechanical behaviors of brain tissue but also holds great potential for improving the accuracy of Finite Element Head Modeling (FEHM).
{"title":"Brain's strain-rate-enhancement characteristic and a strong nonlinear viscoelastic model","authors":"Jingyu Wang , Zexuan Chen , Taolin Sun , Zhenyu Jiang , Licheng Zhou , Zejia Liu , Yiping Liu , Bao Yang , Liqun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is widely recognized that brain tissue exhibits a significant strain rate effect. However, due to technical limitations, the mechanical behavior of brain tissue within the strain rate range of 100–500 s⁻¹ remains poorly understood, leaving the accuracy of existing constitutive models for brain tissue inadequately validated. In this study, we employed a Long Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (LSHPB) system designed for ultra-soft materials to characterize the mechanical behavior of brain tissue at strain rates of 125 s⁻¹ and 340 s⁻¹, thereby addressing the research gap concerning brain tissue behavior under intermediate strain rates. By integrating experimental data from low and high strain rate tests (0.001 s⁻¹, 0.1 s⁻¹, 700 s⁻¹, 900 s⁻¹, and 1700 s⁻¹, respectively), we further observed a significant shift in the strain rate enhancement effect within the intermediate strain rate range. This suggests that current rate-dependent constitutive models are insufficient to accurately describe the comprehensive rate-dependent mechanical behavior of brain tissue. Consequently, we developed a highly nonlinear viscoelastic model capable of effectively describing the mechanical behavior of brain tissue across low, intermediate, and high strain rate ranges. Our work accurately characterizes the large deformation behavior of brain tissue under intermediate strain rates for the first time, revealing its strong nonlinear strain rate enhancement characteristics. Additionally, a suitable constitutive model is proposed. This study not only provides comprehensive insights into the rate-dependent mechanical behaviors of brain tissue but also holds great potential for improving the accuracy of Finite Element Head Modeling (FEHM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110003"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110004
Longfei Wang , Bin Lin , Bingrui Lv , Pengcheng Zhao , Jingguo Zhou , Tianyi Sui
Grinding damage of a ceramic edge directly impacts subsequent machining efficiency and part service life. Edge damage suppression is one of the key research issues in ceramic processing. However, there is still a lack of optimization methods for edge quality control due to the complicated interaction between abrasives and edges. In this paper, the influence of abrasive movement direction on the boundary damage is investigated by scratch test. The export damage measurement is noticeably more severe than at the import, and the rate of change in export force is higher than at the import level. A stress-strength induced boundary effect is proposed and analyzed by FEM-SPH to explain the edge removal mechanism, indicating asymmetric coupling between the stress field and mechanical strength in edge grinding. Hence, an edge processing optimization method with import grinding is proposed. The method uses a tilted workpiece and a dressed wheel to achieve import-side contact and export-side separation. This method can improve edge quality and represent stability under different parameters. Experiments demonstrate that import grinding can reduce edge roughness by 50 %. This study has practical significance for understanding the mechanism of edge removal and optimizing the edge grinding process of hard and brittle materials.
{"title":"Optimization of edge grinding process based on stress-strength induced boundary effect","authors":"Longfei Wang , Bin Lin , Bingrui Lv , Pengcheng Zhao , Jingguo Zhou , Tianyi Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grinding damage of a ceramic edge directly impacts subsequent machining efficiency and part service life. Edge damage suppression is one of the key research issues in ceramic processing. However, there is still a lack of optimization methods for edge quality control due to the complicated interaction between abrasives and edges. In this paper, the influence of abrasive movement direction on the boundary damage is investigated by scratch test. The export damage measurement is noticeably more severe than at the import, and the rate of change in export force is higher than at the import level. A stress-strength induced boundary effect is proposed and analyzed by FEM-SPH to explain the edge removal mechanism, indicating asymmetric coupling between the stress field and mechanical strength in edge grinding. Hence, an edge processing optimization method with import grinding is proposed. The method uses a tilted workpiece and a dressed wheel to achieve import-side contact and export-side separation. This method can improve edge quality and represent stability under different parameters. Experiments demonstrate that import grinding can reduce edge roughness by 50 %. This study has practical significance for understanding the mechanism of edge removal and optimizing the edge grinding process of hard and brittle materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110004"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110002
Shuo Liu , Lining Gao , Mingcai Xing , Yi Cui
To accurately simulate the high-frequency vibrations induced by piston slap in engines, a 3D multi-physics coupled model under a multibody dynamic framework has been developed, incorporating multi-physics interactions like mixed lubrication and heat transfer. This novel model is specifically designed to investigate the transmission characteristics of vibrations across solid-liquid-solid interfaces, which is the core focus of this study. The results, for the first time, demonstrate that vibration signals exhibit distinct phases when transmitted through a liquid medium, as revealed by model simulations and experimental analysis. Additionally, two primary pathways are identified for the transfer of vibrations to the engine surface, with broadband vibration energy predominantly concentrated in the 2,500–5,000 Hz frequency range.
{"title":"Vibration transmission in lubricated piston-liner systems: Experimental and multi-physics coupled analysis","authors":"Shuo Liu , Lining Gao , Mingcai Xing , Yi Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately simulate the high-frequency vibrations induced by piston slap in engines, a 3D multi-physics coupled model under a multibody dynamic framework has been developed, incorporating multi-physics interactions like mixed lubrication and heat transfer. This novel model is specifically designed to investigate the transmission characteristics of vibrations across solid-liquid-solid interfaces, which is the core focus of this study. The results, for the first time, demonstrate that vibration signals exhibit distinct phases when transmitted through a liquid medium, as revealed by model simulations and experimental analysis. Additionally, two primary pathways are identified for the transfer of vibrations to the engine surface, with broadband vibration energy predominantly concentrated in the 2,500–5,000 Hz frequency range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110002"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.109986
Rashmiranjan Mohapatra , V. Narayanamurthy , M. Ramji , Sai Sidhardh
This paper presents an energy-based approach to develop a spring-based (semi-analytical) reduced-order model for the mechanical behavior (stiffness, load carrying capacity) of a hybrid (bonded/bolted) single-lap joint with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates when subjected to tensile load. More clearly, the hybrid joint is modeled as an appropriate combination of springs, where their stiffnesses are determined with a deformation energy framework. The proposed model can predict the different failure modes in the hybrid joint with greater accuracy, starting with the disbond of the adhesive layer, followed by damage in CFRP laminates due to the bearing load via bolt, on subsequent loading. In this study, three CFRP ply orientations are considered, i.e., quasi-isotropic (), uni-directional (), and cross-ply (). The damage modes in the adhesive are modeled using a bilinear cohesive law, and those in CFRP laminates are modeled using Hashin’s damage initiation criteria. A linear degradation law is used to determine the degraded material properties of the CFRP laminate. The individual spring stiffnesses are solved by a developed 2D FE solver. The proposed framework is validated with commercial 3D FEA and experimental studies. Finally, certain design recommendations are provided for the hybrid joint based on the proposed model. The use of energy framework enables the model to be extended for fastened joints with complex geometries while not involving any empirical relations. Also, the generic nature of the model can aid in the modeling of various joint configurations, such as multi-bolted and hybrid-multi-bolted joint configurations.
{"title":"Modeling of CFRP hybrid lap joints via energy-based 2D framework","authors":"Rashmiranjan Mohapatra , V. Narayanamurthy , M. Ramji , Sai Sidhardh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.109986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.109986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an energy-based approach to develop a spring-based (semi-analytical) reduced-order model for the mechanical behavior (stiffness, load carrying capacity) of a hybrid (bonded/bolted) single-lap joint with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates when subjected to tensile load. More clearly, the hybrid joint is modeled as an appropriate combination of springs, where their stiffnesses are determined with a deformation energy framework. The proposed model can predict the different failure modes in the hybrid joint with greater accuracy, starting with the disbond of the adhesive layer, followed by damage in CFRP laminates due to the bearing load via bolt, on subsequent loading. In this study, three CFRP ply orientations are considered, i.e., quasi-isotropic (<span><math><msub><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace></mspace><mn>45</mn><mspace></mspace><mn>90</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>−</mo><mn>45</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), uni-directional (<span><math><msub><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), and cross-ply (<span><math><msub><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace></mspace><mn>90</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>). The damage modes in the adhesive are modeled using a bilinear cohesive law, and those in CFRP laminates are modeled using Hashin’s damage initiation criteria. A linear degradation law is used to determine the degraded material properties of the CFRP laminate. The individual spring stiffnesses are solved by a developed 2D FE solver. The proposed framework is validated with commercial 3D FEA and experimental studies. Finally, certain design recommendations are provided for the hybrid joint based on the proposed model. The use of energy framework enables the model to be extended for fastened joints with complex geometries while not involving any empirical relations. Also, the generic nature of the model can aid in the modeling of various joint configurations, such as multi-bolted and hybrid-multi-bolted joint configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 109986"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110000
T.L. Dora , Sandeep Kumar Singh , Radha Raman Mishra , He Yu , Nitin Kishore Rawat , Akarsh Verma
Understanding the deformation behaviour of refractory high-entropy alloy (rHEA) at elevated temperatures are crucial due to their potential for high-temperature applications. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were employed using a highly accurate machine learning- based forcefield to investigate the deformation behaviour of MoNbTaW rHEA under uniaxial tensile and compressive loading. Additionally, the dependency of deformation behaviour on the applied strain rates (5e8, 1e9, 5e9 and 1e10 s−1) and temperatures (300, 800, 1000 and 1200 K) was investigated. The yield strength of MoNbTaW rHEA increased by two-fold during compressive loading when compared to tensile loading. During tensile deformation, the BCC-FCC-other atom transition resulted in the formation of stripe-like twinning along the {112} plane. On the contrary, during compressive loading, BCC directly transitioned into other atoms, forming twinning that later acted as the nucleation sites for dislocations. These findings further demonstrate that the deformation mechanism during tensile loading is governed by the twinning mechanism, whereas during compressive loading, dislocation-induced plasticity plays a vital role.
{"title":"Exploring deformation mechanisms in a refractory high entropy alloy (MoNbTaW)","authors":"T.L. Dora , Sandeep Kumar Singh , Radha Raman Mishra , He Yu , Nitin Kishore Rawat , Akarsh Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the deformation behaviour of refractory high-entropy alloy (rHEA) at elevated temperatures are crucial due to their potential for high-temperature applications. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were employed using a highly accurate machine learning- based forcefield to investigate the deformation behaviour of MoNbTaW rHEA under uniaxial tensile and compressive loading. Additionally, the dependency of deformation behaviour on the applied strain rates (5e8, 1e9, 5e9 and 1e10 <em>s</em><sup>−1</sup>) and temperatures (300, 800, 1000 and 1200 K) was investigated. The yield strength of MoNbTaW rHEA increased by two-fold during compressive loading when compared to tensile loading. During tensile deformation, the BCC-FCC-other atom transition resulted in the formation of stripe-like twinning along the {112} plane. On the contrary, during compressive loading, BCC directly transitioned into other atoms, forming twinning that later acted as the nucleation sites for dislocations. These findings further demonstrate that the deformation mechanism during tensile loading is governed by the twinning mechanism, whereas during compressive loading, dislocation-induced plasticity plays a vital role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110000"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.109998
Hangyu Li, Pengyu Zhao, Yongmao Pei
Haptic feedback is a critical aspect of the immersive virtual reality experience. Time-reversal techniques offer promising applications in surface haptics, enabling precise and localized haptic feedback. However, the current time reversal method is limited by the need for sophisticated synchronized multi-element transducers, leading to high implementation costs and complexity. This paper proposes a scattering-compensated single-channel time reversal approach (SSTR) that incorporates an artificial structural boundary with randomly distributed cavities. The excitation in the form of a pulse sequence, after undergoing varying degrees of scattering, converges at the same moment and location, achieving focusing. The focusing capabilities were evaluated and found to be comparable to those of eight-channel time-reversal techniques. Our method modulates a single driving signal to freely control the focal position, focusing moment, and focusing sequence within a fixed structure. Further validation was provided by experimental results. In conclusion, the SSTR, augmented by artificial structural boundary, offers a cost-effective solution for localized haptic feedback. It provides a significant advancement in the field of haptic feedback technology, with also potential applications in medical imaging, non-destructive testing, and telecommunications.
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