Pub Date : 2018-05-29DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.83013
T. Sombo, E. Agba, T. Ige, T. Igbawua, T. S. Azande, E. R. Nyatso, I. S. Aondoakaa, T. J. Shivil
This study is aimed at identifying gamma irradiated response of bovine blood, liver and kidney tissues at radiofrequency. For this purpose, impedence meter (Booton 7200) working in conjunction with signal generators (Loadster, SG416013 and Harris G857993) and improvised parallel plate dielectric cells constructed in line with the method of Laogun et al., (2005) were used to obtain the dielectric spread parameter gamma radiation α, of blood, liver and kidney tissues exposed to gamma irradiation dose range of 1.0 - 85.0 Gy. The dielectric spread parameter α gives the extent of damage induced in an irradiated tissue. Results of this work revealed that at 0 - 50 MHz frequency range, Kidney tissues displayed higher sensitive, followed Liver tissues and lasted the bovine blood between 0 - 60 Gy but reversed for blood and liver at 85 Gy. At 0 - 100 kHz frequency range liver tissue is more venerable to radiation injuries between gamma irradiation dose range of 0 - 20 Gy while between 43 - 85 Gy the Kidney’s sensitivity is the highest followed by blood and liver tissues. This implies that the liver tissues are less liable to radiation injuries at radiofrequency. A comparison of the linear, exponential and polynomial models using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) revealed that linear models were the most suitable models for describing the effect of gamma radiation on the dielectric dispersion properties of bovine tissues at low and high radiofrequencies. This implies that the response of the investigated tissues increases linearly with gamma irradiation dose.
{"title":"A Comparison of Gamma Irradiation Response Models of Bovine Blood, Liver and Kidney Tissues at Radiofrequency","authors":"T. Sombo, E. Agba, T. Ige, T. Igbawua, T. S. Azande, E. R. Nyatso, I. S. Aondoakaa, T. J. Shivil","doi":"10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.83013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.83013","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at identifying gamma irradiated response of bovine blood, liver and kidney tissues at radiofrequency. For this purpose, impedence meter (Booton 7200) working in conjunction with signal generators (Loadster, SG416013 and Harris G857993) and improvised parallel plate dielectric cells constructed in line with the method of Laogun et al., (2005) were used to obtain the dielectric spread parameter gamma radiation α, of blood, liver and kidney tissues exposed to gamma irradiation dose range of 1.0 - 85.0 Gy. The dielectric spread parameter α gives the extent of damage induced in an irradiated tissue. Results of this work revealed that at 0 - 50 MHz frequency range, Kidney tissues displayed higher sensitive, followed Liver tissues and lasted the bovine blood between 0 - 60 Gy but reversed for blood and liver at 85 Gy. At 0 - 100 kHz frequency range liver tissue is more venerable to radiation injuries between gamma irradiation dose range of 0 - 20 Gy while between 43 - 85 Gy the Kidney’s sensitivity is the highest followed by blood and liver tissues. This implies that the liver tissues are less liable to radiation injuries at radiofrequency. A comparison of the linear, exponential and polynomial models using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) revealed that linear models were the most suitable models for describing the effect of gamma radiation on the dielectric dispersion properties of bovine tissues at low and high radiofrequencies. This implies that the response of the investigated tissues increases linearly with gamma irradiation dose.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"176-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-29DOI: 10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.83009
A. Nikoghosyan, Lilia Narinyan, Armenuhi Heqimyan, S. Ayrapetyan
The elucidation of the mechanism on the biological effects of weak chemical and physical factors on cells and organism is one of the modern problems in life sciences. According to the Receptor Theory of Prof. Bernard Katz the impact of the biological substances on cells is realized through the activation of ligand-gated ion channels in the membrane. However, this theory doesn’t provide a satisfactory explanation on the similar biological effects of extremely low concentrations of different chemical substances, which are unable to activate the ionic channels in the membrane and have non-linear dose-dependent effect on cells. Previously we have suggested that the metabolic control of cell hydration serves as a universal quantum-mechanical sensor for different weak physical and chemical signals. For supporting this hypothesis, in this article the comparative study of the effects of low concentrations of both cold (non-radioactive) and [3H]-ouabain (specific inhibitor for Na+/K+-ATPase) on the hydration in different tissues of rats has been performed. The obtained data have shown that cold and [3H]-ouabain have different effects on cell hydration and such a difference depends on the initial metabolic state of tissues. On the basis of our previous and present results it is suggested that such a quantum-mechanical sensitivity of cell hydration is realized through the cyclic-nucleotides-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchange, having a crucial role in the metabolic regulation of cell hydration.
{"title":"The Quantum-Mechanical Sensitivity of Cell Hydration in Mammals","authors":"A. Nikoghosyan, Lilia Narinyan, Armenuhi Heqimyan, S. Ayrapetyan","doi":"10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.83009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.83009","url":null,"abstract":"The elucidation of the mechanism on the biological effects of weak chemical and physical factors on cells and organism is one of the modern problems in life sciences. According to the Receptor Theory of Prof. Bernard Katz the impact of the biological substances on cells is realized through the activation of ligand-gated ion channels in the membrane. However, this theory doesn’t provide a satisfactory explanation on the similar biological effects of extremely low concentrations of different chemical substances, which are unable to activate the ionic channels in the membrane and have non-linear dose-dependent effect on cells. Previously we have suggested that the metabolic control of cell hydration serves as a universal quantum-mechanical sensor for different weak physical and chemical signals. For supporting this hypothesis, in this article the comparative study of the effects of low concentrations of both cold (non-radioactive) and [3H]-ouabain (specific inhibitor for Na+/K+-ATPase) on the hydration in different tissues of rats has been performed. The obtained data have shown that cold and [3H]-ouabain have different effects on cell hydration and such a difference depends on the initial metabolic state of tissues. On the basis of our previous and present results it is suggested that such a quantum-mechanical sensitivity of cell hydration is realized through the cyclic-nucleotides-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchange, having a crucial role in the metabolic regulation of cell hydration.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"8 1","pages":"104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48444786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-29DOI: 10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.83008
G. Vincze, A. Szász
Glycolytic oscillation is one of the first observed and described nonlinear phenomena in living objects. Our recent paper points out the similarity of the temperature and outer electric field to influence this oscillation. The electric field is absorbed and changes the molecules. Similarly to the effect of heating, molecules have various structural, dynamical and chemical changes promoted by electric field. The changes sometimes happen without increasing the temperature. Temperature, as the average energy of the included particles, has various kinds of “waste” energy used to heat up the particles which do not participate in the desired changes. The inaccuracy of the effects of temperature growth in local molecular changes could be remarkably high and could be corrected by the well-applied electric field absorption.
{"title":"Similarities of Modulation by Temperature and by Electric Field","authors":"G. Vincze, A. Szász","doi":"10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.83008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.83008","url":null,"abstract":"Glycolytic oscillation is one of the first observed and described nonlinear phenomena in living objects. Our recent paper points out the similarity of the temperature and outer electric field to influence this oscillation. The electric field is absorbed and changes the molecules. Similarly to the effect of heating, molecules have various structural, dynamical and chemical changes promoted by electric field. The changes sometimes happen without increasing the temperature. Temperature, as the average energy of the included particles, has various kinds of “waste” energy used to heat up the particles which do not participate in the desired changes. The inaccuracy of the effects of temperature growth in local molecular changes could be remarkably high and could be corrected by the well-applied electric field absorption.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82005
O. Szász, G. Szigeti, A. Szász, Z. Benyó
The role of electrical forces in angiogenesis is widely studied. The electric field (EF) induces polarization of the endothelial cells, and in this way, it is a morphogen in angiogenesis. Additional to the polarization, it may build up by newborn cells in the process of cellular fission. Due to the weak direct experimental results on the transitions of endothelial cells, we used an analogy to these epithelial transitions. This involved using the injury current, which induces oriented cell migration and morphological arrangement in wound healing. The injury-current considerations are applied for malignant proliferation as well.
{"title":"Role of Electrical Forces in Angiogenesis","authors":"O. Szász, G. Szigeti, A. Szász, Z. Benyó","doi":"10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82005","url":null,"abstract":"The role of electrical forces in angiogenesis is widely studied. The electric field (EF) induces polarization of the endothelial cells, and in this way, it is a morphogen in angiogenesis. Additional to the polarization, it may build up by newborn cells in the process of cellular fission. Due to the weak direct experimental results on the transitions of endothelial cells, we used an analogy to these epithelial transitions. This involved using the injury current, which induces oriented cell migration and morphological arrangement in wound healing. The injury-current considerations are applied for malignant proliferation as well.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"8 1","pages":"49-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82007
M. Soumboundou, I. Thiam, K. Doh, M. Dieng, C. Dial, C. Malésys, P. M. Guaye, A. Thioune, A. Dem, M. Diarra, C. R. Lafrasse
Objectives: This work was carried out in order to determine the profile of different HPV genotypes in a population of women attending radiotherapy (RT). Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Sixty paraffin blocks were chosen by simple random method upon 1015 blocks of cervix cancer diagnosed in Senegal’s public hospitals laboratories of anatomopathology. The strains of HPV genotyping were done with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex using primers MY09-MY11, GP5+ and GP6+. Results: Among the sixty examined blocks, DNA extraction was unsatisfactory in three cases. All women were infected with HPV high risk (HR). The different HPV genotypes isolated were HPV 16 (49/96%), 18 (8/16%), 35 (7/14%), 45 (4/8%), and 58 (2/4%). It was a single infection in 36 cases (70, 60%), co-infection in 11 cases (21, 60%) and a multi-infection in 4 cases (7, 80%). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV found in our series is comparable to that found in the world. To complete this study, a large population of Senegalese patients with uterine cervix cancer (CC) and HPV genotype, is needed to determine if HPV genotypes could be considered as a prognostic marker in patients with uterine CC after RT.
{"title":"HPV Genotypes of Senegalese Women Attending Radiotherapy","authors":"M. Soumboundou, I. Thiam, K. Doh, M. Dieng, C. Dial, C. Malésys, P. M. Guaye, A. Thioune, A. Dem, M. Diarra, C. R. Lafrasse","doi":"10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82007","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This work was carried out in order to determine the profile of different HPV genotypes in a population of women attending radiotherapy (RT). Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Sixty paraffin blocks were chosen by simple random method upon 1015 blocks of cervix cancer diagnosed in Senegal’s public hospitals laboratories of anatomopathology. The strains of HPV genotyping were done with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex using primers MY09-MY11, GP5+ and GP6+. Results: Among the sixty examined blocks, DNA extraction was unsatisfactory in three cases. All women were infected with HPV high risk (HR). The different HPV genotypes isolated were HPV 16 (49/96%), 18 (8/16%), 35 (7/14%), 45 (4/8%), and 58 (2/4%). It was a single infection in 36 cases (70, 60%), co-infection in 11 cases (21, 60%) and a multi-infection in 4 cases (7, 80%). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV found in our series is comparable to that found in the world. To complete this study, a large population of Senegalese patients with uterine cervix cancer (CC) and HPV genotype, is needed to determine if HPV genotypes could be considered as a prognostic marker in patients with uterine CC after RT.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"8 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82006
P. M. Sy, A. Djiboune, L. Diouf, M. Soumboundou, B. Ndong, A. Ndiaye, S. Dieng, O. Diop, E. Bathily, G. Mbaye, Mack Faye, M. Mbodj, M. Diarra
Pickering emulsions are systems without surfactants, stabilized by solid particles. These emulsions are experiencing a renewed interest, on the one hand, because it is preferable to limit the use of synthetic surfactants for toxicological and environmental reasons and, on the other hand, the need to make new formulations in order to control the drug release patterns by encapsulation or controlled release. Thus, we were interested in the formulation and evaluation of W/O Pickering emulsions stabilized by particles of magnesium oxide with paracetamol in the internal phase and griseofulvin in the external phase. The Bancroft rule served as a model for the formulation. The emulsification was carried out by progressively adding an aqueous phase dispersed in an oil-dispersing phase using a turbo rotor stator mixer. The stability of these emulsions was studied using several parameters (droplet size, pH, viscosity, conductivity ...) and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The results obtained showed that the dye test and the conductivity measurement confirmed the W/O nature of these emulsions. Some parameters such as droplet size, pH and viscosity were strongly influenced by the amounts of magnesium oxide particles and the two active ingredients used. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients confirmed the presence of griseofulvin in the oil phase and paracetamol in the aqueous phase. Thus, we have succeeded in developing a stable W/O Pickering emulsion with magnesium oxide particles. In addition, we were able to incorporate paracetamol into the dispersed phase and griseofulvin into the dispersing phase of the emulsion.
{"title":"Water/Oil Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Magnesium Oxide Particles: A Potential System with Two Active Substances (Paracetamol and Griseofulvin)","authors":"P. M. Sy, A. Djiboune, L. Diouf, M. Soumboundou, B. Ndong, A. Ndiaye, S. Dieng, O. Diop, E. Bathily, G. Mbaye, Mack Faye, M. Mbodj, M. Diarra","doi":"10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbiphy.2018.82006","url":null,"abstract":"Pickering emulsions are systems without surfactants, stabilized by solid particles. These emulsions are experiencing a renewed interest, on the one hand, because it is preferable to limit the use of synthetic surfactants for toxicological and environmental reasons and, on the other hand, the need to make new formulations in order to control the drug release patterns by encapsulation or controlled release. Thus, we were interested in the formulation and evaluation of W/O Pickering emulsions stabilized by particles of magnesium oxide with paracetamol in the internal phase and griseofulvin in the external phase. The Bancroft rule served as a model for the formulation. The emulsification was carried out by progressively adding an aqueous phase dispersed in an oil-dispersing phase using a turbo rotor stator mixer. The stability of these emulsions was studied using several parameters (droplet size, pH, viscosity, conductivity ...) and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The results obtained showed that the dye test and the conductivity measurement confirmed the W/O nature of these emulsions. Some parameters such as droplet size, pH and viscosity were strongly influenced by the amounts of magnesium oxide particles and the two active ingredients used. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients confirmed the presence of griseofulvin in the oil phase and paracetamol in the aqueous phase. Thus, we have succeeded in developing a stable W/O Pickering emulsion with magnesium oxide particles. In addition, we were able to incorporate paracetamol into the dispersed phase and griseofulvin into the dispersing phase of the emulsion.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"68-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49248419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-23DOI: 10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81004
S. Oliver, Szigeti Gyula Peter, V. Tamas, Szasz Andras
The penetration depth in the electromagnetic heating could be a crucial factor of its application, when the deep heating is the goal. The capacitive coupling is one of the most popular heating techniques in radiofrequency (RF) heating applications. The matching of the target defines the penetration possibilities. The current matched solution has deeper mathematically defined penetration in RF region than the capacitive plane-wave solution. The same power of application request high voltage with relatively low current for plane-wave inducing, while in current matching it has low voltage with high current. The effective depth of the action in the two solutions do not identical, the penetration defined by the intensity of 1/e portion of the incident beam is higher in the current-matched techniques.
{"title":"Hyperthermia Dosing and Depth of Effect","authors":"S. Oliver, Szigeti Gyula Peter, V. Tamas, Szasz Andras","doi":"10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81004","url":null,"abstract":"The penetration depth in the electromagnetic heating could be a crucial factor of its application, when the deep heating is the goal. The capacitive coupling is one of the most popular heating techniques in radiofrequency (RF) heating applications. The matching of the target defines the penetration possibilities. The current matched solution has deeper mathematically defined penetration in RF region than the capacitive plane-wave solution. The same power of application request high voltage with relatively low current for plane-wave inducing, while in current matching it has low voltage with high current. The effective depth of the action in the two solutions do not identical, the penetration defined by the intensity of 1/e portion of the incident beam is higher in the current-matched techniques.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"8 1","pages":"31-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43807591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-10DOI: 10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81003
G. Vincze, G. Szigeti, A. Szász
We study the Brownian ratchet conditions starting with Feynman’s proposal. We show that this proposal is incomplete, and is in fact non-workable. We give the correct model for this ratchet.
{"title":"On the Feynman Ratchet and the Brownian Motor","authors":"G. Vincze, G. Szigeti, A. Szász","doi":"10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81003","url":null,"abstract":"We study the Brownian ratchet conditions starting with Feynman’s proposal. We show that this proposal is incomplete, and is in fact non-workable. We give the correct model for this ratchet.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81001
K. Adambounou, E. Bathily, Amégninou Mawuko Yao Adigo, P. Gbande, Kpalma Duga Bakpatina-Batako, L. Sonhaye, Tapsoba Tl, K. Adjénou
We evaluate the level of knowledge of clinician doctors asking for echographies on the biological effects of ultrasounds and their attitudes towards ultrasounds examinations performed in Lome. Transverse study based on a survey led from August 16th till November 30th, 2013 including 105 doctors applicant of ultrasound in Lome (Togo). The middle age of the applicant doctors was of 34 years with a sex-ratio of 4/1 and more than half practiced in public facilities. Approximately ten percent applicants thought that the ultrasound is an irradiant exam and those practicing for less than 5 years were the ones who had a good level of knowledge on the not irradiant character of the ultrasounds. The existence of the thermal and mechanical effects of the ultrasounds was known only by 4.8% of the applicants and only 1.9% of the doctors had information on the thermal index (TI) and the mechanical index (MI). More than half (66.7%) analyzed the ultrasound images joined to the report but none verified the conformity with the standards of the values of the TI and at MI shown on the images. They were 43.5% to read only the conclusion. The level of knowledge of the doctors on the biological effects of the ultrasounds is unsatisfactory. The ultrasounds although not irradiant, have biological effects imposing precautionary measures which have to guide the attitude of the applicants towards the ultrasonographic explorations.
{"title":"Knowledge of Togolese Doctors on Biological Effects of Ultrasound and Their Attitudes towards the Ultrasonographic Explorations Performed in Lome (Togo)","authors":"K. Adambounou, E. Bathily, Amégninou Mawuko Yao Adigo, P. Gbande, Kpalma Duga Bakpatina-Batako, L. Sonhaye, Tapsoba Tl, K. Adjénou","doi":"10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81001","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate the level of knowledge of clinician doctors asking for echographies on the biological effects of ultrasounds and their attitudes towards ultrasounds examinations performed in Lome. Transverse study based on a survey led from August 16th till November 30th, 2013 including 105 doctors applicant of ultrasound in Lome (Togo). The middle age of the applicant doctors was of 34 years with a sex-ratio of 4/1 and more than half practiced in public facilities. Approximately ten percent applicants thought that the ultrasound is an irradiant exam and those practicing for less than 5 years were the ones who had a good level of knowledge on the not irradiant character of the ultrasounds. The existence of the thermal and mechanical effects of the ultrasounds was known only by 4.8% of the applicants and only 1.9% of the doctors had information on the thermal index (TI) and the mechanical index (MI). More than half (66.7%) analyzed the ultrasound images joined to the report but none verified the conformity with the standards of the values of the TI and at MI shown on the images. They were 43.5% to read only the conclusion. The level of knowledge of the doctors on the biological effects of the ultrasounds is unsatisfactory. The ultrasounds although not irradiant, have biological effects imposing precautionary measures which have to guide the attitude of the applicants towards the ultrasonographic explorations.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70617729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81002
L. J. Gagliardi, D. Shain
The mechanism by which chromosomes establish and maintain a dynamic coupling to microtubules for force generation during the complex motions of mitosis remains elusive. Equally challenging is an explanation for the timing of poleward, antipoleward, and oscillatory chromosome movements. The molecular cell biology paradigm requires that specific molecules, or molecular geometries, for force generation are necessary for chromosome motions. We propose here that the dynamics of mitotic chromosome motions are an emergent property of a changing intracellular pH in combination with electrostatic forces. We explain this mechanism within the context of Complexity Theory, based on the electrostatic properties of tubulin, known cellular electric charge distributions, and the dynamic instability of microtubules.
{"title":"Emergent Mitotic Chromosome Motions from a Changing Intracellular pH","authors":"L. J. Gagliardi, D. Shain","doi":"10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJBIPHY.2018.81002","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism by which chromosomes establish and maintain a dynamic coupling to microtubules for force generation during the complex motions of mitosis remains elusive. Equally challenging is an explanation for the timing of poleward, antipoleward, and oscillatory chromosome movements. The molecular cell biology paradigm requires that specific molecules, or molecular geometries, for force generation are necessary for chromosome motions. We propose here that the dynamics of mitotic chromosome motions are an emergent property of a changing intracellular pH in combination with electrostatic forces. We explain this mechanism within the context of Complexity Theory, based on the electrostatic properties of tubulin, known cellular electric charge distributions, and the dynamic instability of microtubules.","PeriodicalId":59528,"journal":{"name":"生物物理学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"9-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70618183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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