Hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for flexible sensors due to their softness, biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties. However, achieving synchronous satisfaction of conformality, conductivity, and diverse biological functions in hydrogel sensors remains a challenge. Here, we proposed a multifunctional hydrogel sensor by incorporating silver-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (Ag@PDA) into a thermally cross-linked methacrylamide chitosan (CSMA) and acrylamide network, namely, Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM). The Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM) hydrogel showed the capability to respond effectively to both strain and pressure, enabling its independent application as either a strain sensor or a pressure sensor. The sensitivity of the hydrogel can reach 2.13 within the strain range of 65 to 150%, exhibiting a response and recovery time of 550 ms when utilized as a strain sensor. In contrast, its sensitivity was 0.07 kPa-1 during pressures ranging from 0 to 2.15 kPa, with a response and recovery time of 136 ms when employed as a pressure sensor. Additionally, the hydrogel sensor demonstrated high linearity (0.998 for strain and 0.98 for pressure), stable cycling ability (500 cycles), and low detection limit (0.5% for strain and 150 Pa for pressure). Moreover, the Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM) hydrogel exhibited good stability and reliability for a variety of practical applications, including the detection of subtle and large deformations, as well as real-time physiological activity monitoring. Further, owing to the bioactive components of chitosan and Ag@PDA present in the hydrogel, the Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM) sensor exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility along with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, making it highly promising for applications as wearable sensors in personalized healthcare.
The separation of m-cresol (m-cre), p-cresol (p-cre), and 2,6-xylenol (2,6-xyl) poses a significant challenge in industrial processes. This study focuses on selectively separating m-cre and p-cre from a ternary mixture using a cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) aqueous solution to achieve the near-perfect purification of 2,6-xyl. Experimental results show that m-cre and p-cre can be selectively encapsulated by the Q[7] host, while 2,6-xyl, due to its larger volume, cannot be encapsulated. The synergistic effect of steric hindrance and complex stability contributes to effective host-guest selective encapsulation separation. The Q[7] aqueous solution can be easily recovered and reused without a significant decrease in separation performance. In the simulated industrial separation experiment, the purity of the purified cresol reached 100%. This research underscores the importance of macrocyclic host molecules in enhancing industrial separations and reducing energy costs through precise guest molecule recognition.