Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献_第8页

Innovating PVC plasticization: performance and potential of a lauric acid ester-amide plasticizer 创新PVC增塑剂：月桂酸酯-酰胺增塑剂的性能和潜力

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01435-1

Rohit Alai, Siddhesh Mestry, Jyoti Darsan Mohanty, S. T. Mhaske

The need to replace phthalate plasticizers in PVC has arisen due to health concerns, with some, like DOP, suspected of being carcinogenic, though not definitively proven. This study explores the use of lauric acid to synthesize a novel plasticizer, BDL, through a two-step reaction involving Benzoyl chloride, Diethanolamine, and Lauric acid. The structure of BDL was confirmed through FTIR and ¹H NMR analyses. BDL effectively replaced DOP in PVC samples at concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 phr. The mechanical, X-ray diffraction, thermal, exudation, and colorimetric properties of the resulting PVC sheets were evaluated, demonstrating BDL’s good plasticizing performance and integration into PVC matrices. Notably, PVC containing 40 phr BDL (PVC BDL40) showed a 47.18% reduction in tensile strength, a 64% decrease in tensile modulus, and a ~ 49-fold increase in elongation-at-break. The glass transition temperature (T_g) decreased as BDL content increased, further enhancing flexibility. Despite BDL’s dark color potentially limiting its application, it successfully replaced DOP in certain PVC formulations, offering an environmentally friendly alternative. The BDL synthesis involved forming the benzoyl ester of diethanolamine, followed by reacting this ester with lauric acid without solvents or catalysts. While BDL exhibited higher viscosity due to intermolecular forces, its performance as a PVC plasticizer was remarkable, particularly in mechanical flexibility and stability in exudation tests. This research highlights BDL’s potential as a green plasticizer with significant impacts on PVC properties, despite the challenge of coloration.

Graphical abstract

由于对健康的担忧，人们需要替换PVC中的邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂，其中一些，如DOP，被怀疑具有致癌性，尽管尚未得到明确证实。本研究以月桂酸为原料，以苯甲酰氯、二乙醇胺和月桂酸为原料，通过两步反应合成新型增塑剂BDL。通过FTIR和1H NMR分析证实了BDL的结构。在PVC样品中，BDL在浓度范围为10至40 phr的情况下有效地取代了DOP。对所得PVC片材的力学、x射线衍射、热学、渗出和比色性能进行了评估，表明BDL具有良好的塑化性能和与PVC基体的整合性。值得注意的是，含有40 phr BDL的PVC （PVC BDL40）的拉伸强度降低了47.18%，拉伸模量降低了64%，断裂伸长率提高了49倍。随着BDL含量的增加，玻璃化转变温度（Tg）降低，柔韧性进一步增强。尽管BDL的深色可能会限制其应用，但它成功地取代了某些PVC配方中的DOP，提供了一种环保替代品。BDL的合成包括形成二乙醇胺苯甲酰酯，然后在没有溶剂或催化剂的情况下将该酯与月桂酸反应。虽然BDL由于分子间的作用力而表现出较高的粘度，但它作为PVC增塑剂的性能是显著的，特别是在渗出试验中的机械柔韧性和稳定性方面。这项研究强调了BDL作为一种绿色增塑剂的潜力，尽管有着色的挑战，但它对PVC性能有重大影响。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Friction and wear characteristics of anti-skid masterbatch filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) based polymer composite using Taguchi and machine learning techniques 基于田口和机器学习技术的防滑母粒填充丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）基聚合物复合材料的摩擦磨损特性

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01434-2

Ranjan Kumar, Saurabh Suman, Umang Raj, Sujeet Kumar Mishra, Sudhir Kumar Saw, Sudeepan Jayapalan

The effect of anti-skid masterbatch (ASM) filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite on friction coefficient (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) characteristics are explored. The composites were developed by varying percentage (by wt) of ASM filler loadings with the ABS matrix through a co-rotating, intermeshing, twin-screw extruder using melt-mixing and injection molding process. The developed composite samples underwent various experimental runs following the L₁₆ orthogonal array (OA) design of experiments (DOE) at three factors (filler content, load and frequency) and four levels to assess the friction and wear behavior of the composite. The investigation identifies the optimal parameter settings for COF and SWR at A₄B₁C₂ and A₄B₂C₁ parameter levels. Results from the confirmation test demonstrated a ~ 24% increase and a ~ 8% reduction in COF and SWR characteristics, respectively. ANOVA tests revealed that load and frequency had a significant effect on COF and SWR. In addition, supervised machine learning (ML) models were employed to predict the COF and SWR behavior of the ABS/ASM composite. The study found that random forest regressor (RFR) and gradient boosting regressor (GBR) models out-performed decision tree regressor (DTR) models, with R² values of 0.9109 and 0.8909 for COF, and 0.9079 and 0.8979 for SWR, respectively. These models closely matched the optimized experimental results and exhibited lower performance matrix values, such as mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), further validating their accuracy. The Taguchi statistical model also showed strong predictive power with R² values of 0.9587 for COF and 0.7074 for SWR. The significance of this study lies in its contributions to the field of composite material development, especially in the optimization of tribological properties for practical applications. The findings not only highlight the potential of ABS/ASM composites in improving friction and wear characteristics but also showcase the effectiveness of ML models in predicting these behaviors with high accuracy. This research opens up new avenues for the application of ASM-filled composites, particularly in floor liner applications, and sets a foundation for further advancements in the use of data-driven approaches in material design and performance prediction.

探讨了防滑母粒（ASM）填充丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）复合材料对摩擦系数（COF）和比磨损率（SWR）特性的影响。复合材料是通过共旋转，啮合，双螺杆挤出机采用熔融混合和注射成型工艺，在ABS基体上添加不同百分比（按wt）的ASM填充剂来开发的。采用L16正交试验设计（DOE），在填料含量、载荷和频率3个因素和4个水平上对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了评价。研究确定了A4B1C2和A4B2C1参数水平下COF和SWR的最佳参数设置。确认试验结果表明，COF和SWR特性分别提高了24%和8%。方差分析显示，负荷和频率对COF和SWR有显著影响。此外，采用监督机器学习（ML）模型预测ABS/ASM复合材料的COF和SWR行为。研究发现随机森林回归模型（RFR）和梯度增强回归模型（GBR）的R2值分别为0.9109和0.8909，SWR的R2值分别为0.9079和0.8979，优于决策树回归模型（DTR）。这些模型与优化后的实验结果吻合较好，且平均绝对误差（MAE）和均方根误差（RMSE）等性能矩阵值较低，进一步验证了模型的准确性。田口统计模型对COF和SWR的预测R2分别为0.9587和0.7074，具有较强的预测能力。本研究的意义在于其对复合材料发展领域的贡献，特别是在实际应用中摩擦学性能的优化方面。这些发现不仅突出了ABS/ASM复合材料在改善摩擦和磨损特性方面的潜力，而且还展示了ML模型在高精度预测这些行为方面的有效性。这项研究为asm填充复合材料的应用开辟了新的途径，特别是在地板衬垫应用中，并为材料设计和性能预测中数据驱动方法的进一步发展奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

An intrinsic investigation of surface treated Kevlar intraply patch-repaired glass fiber polymer composites 表面处理凯夫拉层补片修复玻璃纤维聚合物复合材料的内在研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01423-5

Ramasamy Nallamuthu, Arumugam Vellayaraj, Sambath Srinivasan, Prabhu Bose, Prakash Muniyandi

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have attracted considerable interest from the aerospace industry to repair existing engineering structures. This is mainly because such composites are more affordable than replacements. This study reveals that glass/epoxy parent composite laminates were repaired using a Kevlar/glass intraply hybrid patch with various volume fractions, such as 44/56 (% by vol) and 64/36 (% by vol). Moreover, the 15% phosphoric acid (PA)-pretreated 1-h epichlorohydrin (ECH)-treated Kevlar fibers were used for glass intraply patch hybridizations. EDAX and XPS analyses were used to observe the chemical components and bonds activated in the surface-modified Kevlar fiber surface. The quasi-static indentation (QSI) of chemically treated Kevlar hybrid patch-repaired composites was investigated and compared to virgin and untreated Kevlar hybrid patch composites. The results showed that the treated Kevlar hybrid patches achieved a desired level of stiffness and strength, in comparison to the untreated and original repair composites. The ultimate load of the Kevlar surface-treated patch composites increased by 27.36% and 41.1% compared with the untreated Kevlar hybrid patch-repaired and unrepaired glass/epoxy parent laminates, respectively. Furthermore, the stiffness of the treated Kevlar hybrid patch-repaired sample increased by 38.4% compared to untreated Kevlar hybrid patch samples. The indentation damage failure analysis of the repaired composite laminates was investigated by acoustic emission (AE) analysis. It was revealed that the delamination and fiber breakage AE hits percentage of treated Kevlar patch were decreased by 22.1% and 31.1%, respectively, compared to the untreated Kevlar patch-repaired samples. Also, the indentation damage behaviors were analyzed and validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

纤维增强聚合物复合材料已经引起了航空航天工业对修复现有工程结构的极大兴趣。这主要是因为这种复合材料比替代品更便宜。该研究表明，使用不同体积分数的凯夫拉/玻璃混杂贴片（44/56 （% by vol）和64/36 (% by vol)）修复玻璃/环氧母材复合层压板。此外，用15%磷酸（PA）预处理1小时的环氧氯丙烷（ECH）处理的凯夫拉纤维进行玻璃层间贴片杂化。利用EDAX和XPS分析观察了表面改性凯夫拉纤维表面的化学成分和活性键。研究了化学处理的凯夫拉杂化补片修复复合材料的准静态压痕（QSI），并与未处理的凯夫拉杂化补片复合材料进行了比较。结果表明，与未经处理和原始修复的复合材料相比，经过处理的凯夫拉杂化贴片达到了理想的刚度和强度水平。经过表面处理的凯夫拉贴片复合材料的极限载荷比未处理的凯夫拉贴片复合材料和未修复的玻璃/环氧母材复合材料分别提高了27.36%和41.1%。此外，经过处理的凯夫拉杂化贴片修复样品的刚度比未经处理的凯夫拉杂化贴片样品提高了38.4%。采用声发射分析方法对修复后的复合材料层合板进行了压痕损伤失效分析。结果表明，处理后的凯夫拉纤维贴片的分层率和纤维断裂率分别比未处理的凯夫拉纤维贴片修复后的样品降低了22.1%和31.1%。并利用扫描电镜（SEM）分析和验证了压痕损伤行为。

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引用次数: 0

A review on in situ gels as polymer drug carriers in the treatment of periodontitis 原位凝胶作为高分子药物载体在牙周炎治疗中的研究进展

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01422-6

Xuran Mao, Yue Liang, Yanli Li, Cuiyao Li, Yifan Wang, Yue Gu, Yongxu Piao, Qi Jia, Heng Bo Jiang, Eui-Seok Lee

The “in situ gel” system has become one of the emerging drug delivery systems and plays a significant role in the treatment of periodontitis. The “sol–gel” transition has distinct characteristics that respond to physiological stimulation, enabling a controlled and sustained drug release, thus offering various advantages over traditional mechanical and systemic drug delivery methods. In oral drug delivery systems, in situ gels are commonly based on four main types: thermosensitive, pH-triggered, ion-induced, and solvent-exchange in situ gels. Polymers have been used in in situ gel formulations and maintain their potential in periodontal drug delivery. Different types of polymers are commonly used in four types of in situ gel formulations, such as poloxamer, carbopol, bleached shellac (BS), chitosan, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). To understand the important role of in situ gel as a polymer drug carrier in drug release and evaluate its therapeutic effect on periodontitis, this article reviews the sol–gel transition mechanism of four main stimulation types of in situ gel, the effects of different in situ gel-forming polymer materials on the properties of in situ gel, and the latest research progress in in situ gel application in the treatment of periodontitis. The effectiveness of in situ gels for the treatment of periodontitis and the influence of various polymers on the overall properties of in situ gels were evaluated, providing new ideas and methods for the treatment of periodontitis in terms of the summary of research progress and also providing valuable experience for the design and development of in situ gels.

Graphical abstract

“原位凝胶”系统已成为新兴的药物传递系统之一，在牙周炎的治疗中起着重要的作用。“溶胶-凝胶”过渡具有对生理刺激作出反应的独特特性，能够控制和持续释放药物，因此与传统的机械和全身给药方法相比具有各种优势。在口服给药系统中，原位凝胶通常基于四种主要类型：热敏型、ph触发型、离子诱导型和溶剂交换型原位凝胶。聚合物已用于原位凝胶制剂，并保持其在牙周药物输送方面的潜力。不同类型的聚合物通常用于四种原位凝胶配方，如poloxomer， carbopol，漂白紫胶（BS），壳聚糖和羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）。为了解原位凝胶作为高分子药物载体在药物释放中的重要作用，评价其对牙周炎的治疗效果，本文综述了原位凝胶的四种主要刺激类型的溶胶-凝胶转化机制，不同原位成胶高分子材料对原位凝胶性能的影响，以及原位凝胶在牙周炎治疗中的最新研究进展。评价原位凝胶治疗牙周炎的效果以及不同聚合物对原位凝胶整体性能的影响，总结研究进展，为牙周炎的治疗提供新的思路和方法，也为原位凝胶的设计和开发提供宝贵的经验。图形抽象

{"title":"A review on in situ gels as polymer drug carriers in the treatment of periodontitis","authors":"Xuran Mao, Yue Liang, Yanli Li, Cuiyao Li, Yifan Wang, Yue Gu, Yongxu Piao, Qi Jia, Heng Bo Jiang, Eui-Seok Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01422-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01422-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The “in situ gel” system has become one of the emerging drug delivery systems and plays a significant role in the treatment of periodontitis. The “sol–gel” transition has distinct characteristics that respond to physiological stimulation, enabling a controlled and sustained drug release, thus offering various advantages over traditional mechanical and systemic drug delivery methods. In oral drug delivery systems, in situ gels are commonly based on four main types: thermosensitive, pH-triggered, ion-induced, and solvent-exchange in situ gels. Polymers have been used in in situ gel formulations and maintain their potential in periodontal drug delivery. Different types of polymers are commonly used in four types of in situ gel formulations, such as poloxamer, carbopol, bleached shellac (BS), chitosan, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). To understand the important role of in situ gel as a polymer drug carrier in drug release and evaluate its therapeutic effect on periodontitis, this article reviews the sol–gel transition mechanism of four main stimulation types of in situ gel, the effects of different in situ gel-forming polymer materials on the properties of in situ gel, and the latest research progress in in situ gel application in the treatment of periodontitis. The effectiveness of in situ gels for the treatment of periodontitis and the influence of various polymers on the overall properties of in situ gels were evaluated, providing new ideas and methods for the treatment of periodontitis in terms of the summary of research progress and also providing valuable experience for the design and development of in situ gels.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 7","pages":"1085 - 1121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manganese dioxide nanoparticle coated graphene oxide hybrid nanofiller: its effect on structural, thermal, and dielectric properties of polyaniline ternary nanocomposites 二氧化锰纳米颗粒包覆氧化石墨烯杂化纳米填料：对聚苯胺三元复合材料结构、热学和介电性能的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01432-4

Pooja Mohapatra, Shreelata Behera, Saleja Sahoo, Annada Mishra, Akankshya Panda, Lipsa Shubhadarshinee, Bigyan Ranjan Jali, Aruna Kumar Barick, Priyaranjan Mohapatra

Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaf extract was taken as both reducing and capping agent to synthesize manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO₂NPs). The MnO₂NPs coated graphene oxide (MnO₂NPs coated GO) hybrid nanofillers were synthesized using an in situ method. MnO₂NPs coated on GO hybrid nanofillers reinforced polyaniline (PANI) ternary nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating “MnO₂NPs coated GO hybrid nanofillers” into the polyaniline (PANI) matrix through in situ polymerization. FTIR showed interactions between the components, evidenced by the Mn–O bond and secondary amine group at 507. The absence of the data of ternary nanocomposites is evident due to their insolubility in any solvents. The XRD analysis suggested the successful incorporation of MnO₂NPs-at-GO into the PANI matrix, resulting in reduced crystallinity and strong interfacial interactions without forming any new crystalline phases. The addition of MnO₂NPs-at-GO hybrid nanofillers significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the PANI matrix. SEM revealed changes in nanostructured morphology caused by the presence of MnO₂NPs-at-GO hybrid nanofillers within the PANI matrix by effectively coating MnO₂NPs-at-GO hybrid nanofillers with PANI molecular chains. The dielectric parameters of the PANI/MnO₂-at-GO ternary nanocomposites were significantly altered i.e., both AC conductivity and dielectric permittivity increased, and dielectric loss decreased in comparison with the pristine PANI matrix across the applied frequency region caused by the establishment of interfacial adhesions among MnO₂NPs-at-GO hybrid nanofillers and PANI matrix. This ternary nanocomposite can lead to advanced materials with enhanced structural integrity, thermal stability, and dielectric properties, making them suitable for applications in flexible electronics and energy storage devices. Additionally, these nanocomposites could be utilized in sensors and conductive coatings, benefiting from their improved performance characteristics and multifunctionality.

Graphical abstract

以柞树叶提取物为还原剂和封盖剂合成二氧化锰纳米颗粒（MnO2NPs）。采用原位法合成了MnO2NPs包覆氧化石墨烯（MnO2NPs包覆氧化石墨烯）杂化纳米填料。将“MnO2NPs包覆的氧化石墨烯杂化纳米填料”通过原位聚合加入聚苯胺（PANI）基体中，制备了包覆氧化石墨烯杂化纳米填料的MnO2NPs增强聚苯胺（PANI）三元纳米复合材料。FTIR显示了组分之间的相互作用，证明了Mn-O键和仲胺基团在507。由于三元纳米复合材料在任何溶剂中都不溶解，因此没有数据。XRD分析表明，mno2nps - go成功掺入到聚苯胺基体中，导致结晶度降低，界面相互作用强，而没有形成任何新的晶相。MnO2NPs-at-GO杂化纳米填料的加入显著提高了聚苯胺基体的热稳定性。SEM通过有效地将MnO2NPs-at-GO杂化纳米填充物包覆在聚苯胺分子链上，揭示了聚苯胺基体中MnO2NPs-at-GO杂化纳米填充物的纳米结构形态变化。由于MnO2NPs-at-GO杂化纳米填料与PANI基体之间建立了界面粘连，PANI/MnO2-at-GO三元复合纳米材料的介电参数明显改变，即与原始PANI基体相比，在整个应用频率区域内，交流电导率和介电介电常数均增加，介电损耗降低。这种三元纳米复合材料可以产生具有增强结构完整性、热稳定性和介电性能的先进材料，使其适用于柔性电子和储能设备。此外，这些纳米复合材料可用于传感器和导电涂层，受益于其改进的性能特征和多功能性。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Electrospinning and characterization of lignin nanofibers as pH-responsive hydrogel with antibacterial activity and biocompatibility in biomedical application 静电纺丝及木质素纳米纤维在生物医学应用中抗菌活性和生物相容性ph响应水凝胶的表征

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01410-w

Mahsa Kangazian Kangazi, Aliakbar Merati, Majid Montazer, Mahnaz Mahmoudi Rad

Lignin is a biocompatible, biodegradable and renewable biopolymer with macromolecular structure that can be used in production of hydrogel network. The main aim of this research was to electrospin lignin hydrogel in the form of nanofibers by engineering the polymer structure to form stimuli-responsive lignin nanofibers in alkaline pH. For this purpose, a blend of lignin/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) and citric acid as a friendly cross-linker were electrospun. SEM images showed the best morphology of nanofibers at lignin/PVA of 98:2 with mean diameters of 215 and 176 nm on the static and rotational drum, respectively. The FTIR spectra and X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of networks between the PVA and lignin chains. The produced nanofibers of lignin can classify as a smart nanohydrogel due to the high swelling ratio in alkaline pH. Antibacterial assays confirmed suitable activities against S. aureus and the fungus Candida albicans for the nanofibers with 20% lignin. Further, the cell cytotoxicity against cell fibroblast of the human skin showed reasonable cell viability. Finally, the nanofibers with 20% lignin collected on the rotational drum indicated the higher strength and modulus of elasticity. In conclusion, the fabricated stimuli-responsive hydrogel with 20% lignin showed suitable performance in antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and it displayed good mechanical properties. In addition, due to the repulsive interactions between ionized carboxylic groups under alkaline pH, the swelling occurs. As a result, these nanofibers are potentially applicable in biomedical applications such as wound dressing.

Graphical abstract

木质素是一种具有高分子结构的生物相容性、可生物降解和可再生的生物聚合物，可用于生产水凝胶网络。本研究的主要目的是通过对聚合物结构进行工程设计，在碱性 pH 条件下形成具有刺激响应性的木质素纳米纤维，从而电纺出纳米纤维形式的木质素水凝胶。为此，对木质素/PVA（聚乙烯醇）混合物和作为友好交联剂的柠檬酸进行了电纺丝。扫描电镜图像显示，当木质素/PVA 的比例为 98:2 时，纳米纤维的形态最佳，在静态和旋转转鼓上的平均直径分别为 215 纳米和 176 纳米。傅立叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射证实 PVA 和木质素链之间形成了网络。所制备的木质素纳米纤维在碱性 pH 值下具有很高的溶胀率，因此可归类为智能纳米水凝胶。抗菌试验证实，含 20% 木质素的纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和真菌白色念珠菌具有适当的活性。此外，针对人体皮肤成纤维细胞的细胞毒性试验也显示了合理的细胞存活率。最后，在旋转滚筒上收集的含 20% 木质素的纳米纤维具有更高的强度和弹性模量。总之，含 20% 木质素的刺激响应水凝胶在抗菌活性、细胞毒性方面表现出了适当的性能，并显示出良好的机械性能。此外，在碱性 pH 条件下，由于离子化羧基之间的排斥作用，纳米纤维会发生溶胀。因此，这些纳米纤维有望应用于伤口敷料等生物医学领域。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced cenosphere-reinforced syntactic foams: focus on specific strength enhancement 先进的微球增强复合泡沫：专注于比强度的增强

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01425-3

Vishwas Mahesh

This work investigated the manufacturing and mechanical properties of the cenosphere-filled syntactic foams (SF). The foams were created by mixing cenospheres with a polymer resin, which was then cured to form a solid structure. The resulting syntactic foams were evaluated using hardness, density, tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact tests. The incorporation of higher volume fractions of cenosphere led to significant weight savings and improved mechanical properties. Notably, the SF60 composition achieved a 20.39% reduction in density and a 26.15% increase in hardness compared to the neat epoxy. The study demonstrated significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the syntactic foams when compared to the neat epoxy. Specifically, the flexural modulus of SF60 was 10.63% higher compared to SF0, and an even more pronounced increase of 33.11% was observed when compared to the pure resin sample. In tensile testing, the modulus values of the foams were shown to increase by 5.53–33.83% relative to the pure resin. Furthermore, the specific modulus of the syntactic foams exhibited a substantial enhancement, ranging from 14.5% to 61.23% higher compared to the neat sample. Impact strength testing revealed that the developed foams demonstrated a significant improvement, with a 7.2–65.5% increase in impact strength compared to the neat epoxy. Moreover, the specific impact strength of the syntactic foams was found to be 13.3–100% higher than that of the neat epoxy. These findings indicated that cenosphere-filled syntactic foams not only enhanced mechanical performance but also offered significant weight reduction, making them ideal for lightweight applications where both strength and impact resistance are crucial.

Graphical abstract

本文研究了微球填充复合泡沫（SF）的制备及其力学性能。泡沫是通过将微球与聚合物树脂混合而成的，然后将其固化形成固体结构。使用硬度、密度、拉伸、弯曲和夏比冲击试验对合成泡沫进行评估。加入更高体积分数的空心球可以显著减轻重量并改善机械性能。值得注意的是，与纯环氧树脂相比，SF60组合物的密度降低了20.39%，硬度提高了26.15%。研究表明，与纯环氧树脂相比，复合泡沫的机械性能有了显著改善。具体而言，SF60的弯曲模量比SF0高10.63%，与纯树脂样品相比，增幅更为明显，达到33.11%。在拉伸试验中，与纯树脂相比，泡沫塑料的模量提高了5.53 ~ 33.83%。此外，复合泡沫的比模量也有了明显的提高，比纯泡沫的比模量提高了14.5% ~ 61.23%。冲击强度测试表明，与纯环氧树脂相比，所制备的泡沫材料的冲击强度有了显著提高，提高了7.2-65.5%。此外，合成泡沫的比冲击强度比纯环氧树脂高13.3-100%。这些研究结果表明，填充微球的复合泡沫材料不仅提高了机械性能，而且显著减轻了重量，使其成为轻质应用的理想选择，在这些应用中，强度和抗冲击性至关重要。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of mechanical and water absorption characterization of chitosan and rice bran reinforced biochar-based composites 壳聚糖和米糠增强生物炭基复合材料的力学和吸水性能研究

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01431-5

Sambhrant Srivastava

This work investigated the innovative combination of biochar, chitosan, and rice bran as natural fillers in epoxy composites, prepared via the hand layup method. Mechanical tests revealed that sample A (90% epoxy, 10% chitosan) achieved the highest tensile strength (17.74 MPa), flexural strength (173.8 MPa), tensile modulus (8046.23 MPa), and flexural modulus (4933.56 MPa), with minimal water absorption (2.3255%) and porosity (0.130%). Sample B (90% epoxy, 8% chitosan, 2% biochar) showed decreased tensile strength (10.05 MPa) but improved flexibility (138.43 MPa). In contrast, sample E (90% epoxy, 10% biochar) exhibited the weakest performance, with tensile strength (7.723 MPa), highest porosity (0.555%), and maximum water absorption (9.0390%). The novelty of the work lay in the comprehensive analysis of the synergistic effects of these multi-filler compositions on mechanical properties and moisture resistance, with SEM micrographs revealed uniform filler dispersion and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed characteristic functional groups. This work provided valuable insights for optimizing eco-friendly composites for various applications.

Graphical Abstract

本工作研究了生物炭、壳聚糖和米糠作为天然填料在环氧复合材料中的创新组合，并通过手铺法制备。力学试验结果表明，样品A（90%环氧树脂、10%壳聚糖）的抗拉强度（17.74 MPa）、抗折强度（173.8 MPa）、抗拉模量（8046.23 MPa）和抗折模量（4933.56 MPa）最高，吸水率（2.3255%）和孔隙率（0.130%）最小。样品B（90%环氧树脂、8%壳聚糖、2%生物炭）的抗拉强度降低（10.05 MPa），但柔韧性提高（138.43 MPa）。E（90%环氧树脂，10%生物炭）的抗拉强度为7.723 MPa，孔隙率为0.555%，吸水率为9.0390%，表现最差。这项工作的新颖之处在于全面分析了这些多填料成分对机械性能和抗湿性的协同作用，SEM显微照片显示了均匀的填料分散，FTIR光谱证实了特征官能团。这项工作为优化各种应用的环保复合材料提供了有价值的见解。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of polypropylene–polyolefin elastomer blends for FDM additive manufacturing 用于FDM增材制造的聚丙烯-聚烯烃弹性体共混物的表征

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01413-7

Yong Liu, Yunzhong Dai, Shengyang Luo

Polypropylene (PP) is extensively utilized in fused deposition modeling (FDM) due to its advantageous properties, yet challenges such as dimensional inaccuracies and warping persist. This work proposes a solution by blending PP with a polyolefin elastomer (POE) and 3D printing with granule-based material extrusion method. By varying POE concentrations (ranging from 10 to 50%), this work comprehensively investigates their effects on printability, stability, adhesion, flexibility, and mechanical performance. The results indicated that higher POE content led to a notable decrease in stiffness, accompanied by improved damping properties and enhanced toughness. Specifically, tensile strength exhibited a reduction of 22% and 31% with each increment in POE content, while compressive strength decreased from 8.27 MPa to 4.56 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis underscored the enhanced filament bonding observed with higher POE content. The results of morphology investigation showed that at 10% POE content, well-distributed spherical domains showed excellent elastomer dispersion in the PP matrix, implying potential matrix droplet structure and surface adhesion between phases. By increasing the POE content to 50%, a sea-island structure with a continuous PP matrix and scattered POE domains appeared, which justified the results of increased elasticity and damping factor. These findings highlighted the promising potential of the PP/POE blends in mitigating printing challenges and elevating the performance of the 3D printed parts.

Graphical Abstract

聚丙烯（PP）由于其优越的性能被广泛应用于熔融沉积建模（FDM），但尺寸不准确和翘曲等挑战仍然存在。这项工作提出了一种解决方案，将PP与聚烯烃弹性体（POE）混合，并使用颗粒基材料挤出方法进行3D打印。通过改变POE浓度（范围从10%到50%），这项工作全面研究了它们对印刷性、稳定性、附着力、柔韧性和机械性能的影响。结果表明，POE含量的增加导致材料的刚度显著降低，同时阻尼性能和韧性得到改善。其中，随着POE含量的增加，抗拉强度分别下降22%和31%，抗压强度从8.27 MPa下降到4.56 MPa。扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明，POE含量越高，纤维键合能力越强。形貌研究结果表明，当POE含量为10%时，聚丙烯基体中均匀分布的球形畴表现出良好的弹性体分散性，这意味着潜在的基体液滴结构和相间的表面粘附。当POE含量增加到50%时，出现了连续PP矩阵和分散POE域的海岛结构，证明了弹性和阻尼系数增加的结果是正确的。这些发现突出了PP/POE混合物在减轻打印挑战和提高3D打印部件性能方面的巨大潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Effects of the physico-mechanical properties on water tightness performance of ethylene propylene diene monomer-based tunnel segment gasket 物理力学性能对乙丙二烯基隧道管片垫片水密性能的影响

IF 2.8 3区化学 Q3 POLYMER SCIENCE

Iranian Polymer Journal

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13726-024-01428-0

Ekrem Altuncu, Nevcan Ince Baysal, Nilay Tuccar Kilic

Water tightness is a critical concern for tunnels during both construction and operation. In industry, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) gaskets are commonly used at tunnel joints to prevent groundwater infiltration. This study investigates the influence of physical and mechanical properties, particularly about filler content, on the waterproofing performance of EPDM segmental gaskets. EPDM compounds with carbon black (CB) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) fillers were prepared using an internal mixer and hot press, followed by various physical, mechanical, morphological, and water-tightness tests. The hardness of the compounds ranged from 68 to 71 Shore A, while densities varied from 1.16 to 1.28 ± 0.04 g/cm³, indicating no significant change with different filler amounts. However, tensile strength decreased from 12.7 to 6.3 MPa, and elongation-at-break values dropped from 415 to 294% as filler loading increased. Compression sets rose from 9.7% to 49.6% with higher filler content. Stress-relaxation tests revealed that stress losses increased when filler quantities exceeded 50%, with formulations containing less filler exhibiting superior performance. Water-tightness tests showed that the compound with lower filler content could withstand up to 28 bar of water pressure with a 6 mm offset, while the compound with higher filler content only tolerated 10 bar with a 2 mm offset. Morphological analysis indicated a more homogeneous distribution in compounds with lower levels of fillers. Therefore, EPDM–CB–CaCO₃ compounds with lower filler content may be preferred in tunnel segmental joints, offering improved water tightness and mechanical performance.

Graphical Abstract

水密性是隧道施工和运营过程中的一个重要问题。在工业上，乙丙二烯单体（EPDM）衬垫通常用于隧道接缝，以防止地下水渗入。本文研究了三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）节段垫片的物理力学性能，特别是填料含量对其防水性能的影响。以炭黑（CB）和碳酸钙（CaCO3）为填料，采用内部混频器和热压法制备EPDM化合物，并进行了各种物理、机械、形态和水密性测试。合金的硬度范围为68 ~ 71 Shore A，密度范围为1.16 ~ 1.28±0.04 g/cm3，不同填料量对合金的硬度变化不显著。然而，随着填料负荷的增加，拉伸强度从12.7 MPa下降到6.3 MPa，断裂伸长率从415%下降到294%。随着填料含量的增加，压缩率从9.7%提高到49.6%。应力松弛试验表明，当填料含量超过50%时，应力损失增加，填料含量越少，性能越好。水密性试验表明，填料含量较低的化合物可以承受高达28 bar的水压，偏移量为6 mm，而填料含量较高的化合物只能承受10 bar的水压，偏移量为2 mm。形态分析表明，在填料含量较低的化合物中，其分布更为均匀。因此，填料含量较低的EPDM-CB-CaCO3化合物可优选用于隧道节段接缝，以改善其水密性和力学性能。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0