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Front Matter: Volume 12072 封面:第12072卷
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2623689
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引用次数: 0
Front Matter: Volume 12073 封面:卷12073
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2623697
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Investigation on the Leakage Reverse Current Component Flowing at the Semiconductor PN Junction Periphery 流动在半导体PN结外围的泄漏逆流元件的实验研究
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1644014
V. Obreja, C. Codreanu
Due to high level of the leakage reverse current, commercial power silicon diodes available at this time have no specification in the data sheets for operation above 200 degC junction temperature. An experimental method is presented to extract information about the uniformity of the reverse current flow over the silicon die area. The power diode with copper attached heat sink is placed in a hot chamber where the temperature is set, so that the level of reverse current to be enough for heat generation. For the same applied power dissipation at reverse and forward bias, the additional junction temperature increase is monitored by the level of reverse current or by the level of the forward current at constant voltage. Experiments have been performed on commercial silicon diode samples in metallic package. It has been found that the additional junction temperature increase is significantly different, when the same power dissipation is applied at reverse bias and then at forward bias voltage, with the device placed in hot chamber at 200degC or 250 degC, depending on the current level
由于高水平的泄漏反向电流,目前可用的商用功率硅二极管在数据表中没有超过200℃结温工作的规格。提出了一种实验方法来提取硅片上反向电流的均匀性信息。将带有铜散热器的功率二极管放置在温度设定的热室中,使反向电流的水平足以产生热量。在反向偏置和正向偏置下,对于相同的应用功耗,额外的结温升由反向电流水平或恒压下的正向电流水平监测。在金属封装的工业硅二极管样品上进行了实验。已经发现,当相同的功耗在反向偏置电压下和在正向偏置电压下施加时,将器件放置在200℃或250℃的热室中,根据电流水平,额外的结温增加显着不同
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引用次数: 2
Multi-Physics Modeling and Finite Element Approximation of Charge Flow in Ionic Channels 离子通道中电荷流动的多物理场建模与有限元逼近
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1643975
Bice Chini, Joseph W. Jerome, Riccardo Sacco
This communication deals with the mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of charge transport in single-cell ionic channels. The adopted model consists of a coupled system comprising the Poisson-Nernst-Planck and the Navier-Stokes equations. Suitable functional iteration techniques are used to successively solve the model equations, and stable and conservative finite element methods are employed for the discretization of each linearized problem arising from decoupling. Models and computational techniques are validated on the numerical simulation of a two-dimensional ionic channel under several working conditions
本通讯涉及单细胞离子通道中电荷传输的数学建模和数值模拟。所采用的模型是一个由泊松-能斯特-普朗克方程和纳维-斯托克斯方程组成的耦合系统。采用合适的泛函迭代技术逐次求解模型方程,采用稳定和保守的有限元方法对解耦引起的各线性化问题进行离散化。通过几种工况下二维离子通道的数值模拟,验证了模型和计算方法的正确性
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引用次数: 0
Virtual Prototyping based Design Optimization of the Substrate, Leadframe, and Flip Chip Package Families with Low-k Technology 基于虚拟样机的基板、引线框架和倒装芯片封装系列的低k技术设计优化
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1644013
W. V. van Driel, A. Grech, T. Hauck, I. Schmadlak, X. Zhang, S. Orain
The continuous industry drive for miniaturization and function integration forces the development of feature sizes down to the nanometer regime. Although the industry has just solved the major problems in CMOS090 technology, a new hurdle is to be taken: CMOS065. And again, new materials will be introduced. Black Diamond-I, used in CMOS090, will be replaced by Black Diamond-II(x). This new material is porous and, thus, not being a homogeneous material any more. For sure that this will have major impacts on the thermomechanical performance of the total IC stack. The problems encountered during CMOS090 at least showed that IC and package reliability (and PCB?) are strongly interacted. Finite element techniques are widely used to predict the deformations and stresses and their evolution during IC processes, packaging manufacturing processes and/or product testing. Modeling techniques such as contact elements, global-local, sub-structuring, element birth and death and material models such as fracture mechanics, visco-elasticity, plasticity and creep are rapidly developed to predict the stress and strain state in the electronic package. Still, experiments are necessary to verify the calculated results in order to be sure that the results obtained from FE models are reliable and accurate enough from both quantitative and qualitative perspective. No doubt that to first-time-right develop CMOS065 and beyond will require the use of combined state-of-the-art modeling and experimental techniques. It will enable the industry not only to predict thermo-mechanically induced failures in electronic packages in early stages, but also to understand the precise failure mechanisms involved. To strengthen the development, the Crolles2 Alliance was founded between the industry leaders STMicroelectronics, Philips, and Freescale. As part of the Alliance, the CAA Modeling Cooperation, consisting of the representatives of each companies modeling team started to assist the 65-node development with state-of-the-art virtual prototyping techniques. This paper highlights the major research and development results of that cooperation so far
工业对小型化和功能集成的持续推动迫使特征尺寸的发展下降到纳米级别。虽然业界刚刚解决了CMOS090技术的主要问题,但一个新的障碍是要采取:CMOS065。同样,新材料也会被引入。CMOS090中使用的黑金刚石- i将被黑金刚石- ii (x)所取代。这种新材料是多孔的,因此不再是一种均匀的材料。可以肯定的是,这将对整个集成电路堆栈的热力学性能产生重大影响。在CMOS090期间遇到的问题至少表明IC和封装可靠性(以及PCB?)是强烈相互作用的。有限元技术被广泛用于预测集成电路过程、封装制造过程和/或产品测试过程中的变形和应力及其演变。接触单元、整体-局部、子结构、单元生灭等建模技术和断裂力学、粘弹性、塑性和蠕变等材料模型迅速发展,用于预测电子封装内部的应力和应变状态。然而,为了从定量和定性的角度确保有限元模型得到的结果足够可靠和准确,还需要进行实验来验证计算结果。毫无疑问,要首次正确开发CMOS065及以后的产品,将需要使用最先进的建模和实验技术相结合。这将使行业不仅能够在早期阶段预测电子封装中热机械引起的故障,而且还可以了解所涉及的精确故障机制。为了加强发展,业界领袖意法半导体、飞利浦和飞思卡尔之间成立了Crolles2联盟。作为联盟的一部分,由每个公司建模团队的代表组成的CAA建模合作组织开始用最先进的虚拟原型技术协助65节点的开发。本文重点介绍了该合作迄今取得的主要研发成果
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引用次数: 11
Sensitivity Design of the Chip-in-Substrate Package Using DOE with Factorial Analysis Technology 基于DOE和析因分析技术的芯片基板封装灵敏度设计
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1643967
M. Yew, C. Yuan, K. Chiang, Yu-Hua Chen, Wen-Kung Yang
As electronic devices become more complicated and the need for semiconductor chips in portable products increases, the demand for smaller and lighter chips and packages becomes greater. However, because of the different temperature loading from the manufacturing process, the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between different materials affects the packaging reliability. In this study, the chip-in-substrate package (CiSP), which has been developed by ITRI/ERSO and Fraunhofer IZM, is chosen as the test instrument. For the purpose of comprehending the stress/strain accumulation during the manufacturing process, a process modeling methodology has been executed to determine the evolution of stresses distribution during the sequential fabrication of CiSP structures. In addition, to further improve the packaging design of CiSP, the stress/strain variation around the most critical region is investigated by means of the design of experiment (DOE). A two-step design method based on the validated model is proposed for the development of the CiSP. The analytic results reveal that decreasing the thickness of the lamination layer and increasing the thickness of the interconnect can effectively reduce the stress concentration phenomenon. The robust design parameters for the CiSP could be achieved through the analytical procedures presented in this study. Therefore, the CiSP can be fabricated within the validated design parameters and can consequently meet the demand of decreasing the amount of time involved in product development
随着电子设备变得越来越复杂,便携式产品对半导体芯片的需求也在增加,对更小、更轻的芯片和封装的需求也越来越大。然而,由于制造过程中的温度负荷不同,不同材料之间的热膨胀系数(CTE)的不匹配影响了封装的可靠性。在本研究中,我们选择了由ITRI/ERSO和Fraunhofer IZM共同开发的芯片衬底封装(chip-in-substrate package, CiSP)作为测试仪器。为了理解制造过程中的应力/应变积累,采用了过程建模方法来确定CiSP结构在顺序制造过程中的应力分布演变。此外,为了进一步改进CiSP的封装设计,采用实验设计(DOE)的方法研究了最关键区域周围的应力/应变变化。提出了一种基于验证模型的两步设计方法。分析结果表明,减小层压厚度和增加互连层厚度可以有效地减小应力集中现象。CiSP的稳健设计参数可以通过本研究中提出的分析程序来实现。因此,CiSP可以在验证的设计参数内制造,因此可以满足减少产品开发所需时间的需求
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引用次数: 1
Thermo-mechanical characterisation of a nanosized particle filled underfill 纳米颗粒填充下填料的热力学特性
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1644015
M. Meuwissen, A. E. Van der Waal, I. Hovens, C. Rentrop
This paper describes work carried out as part of a larger project aimed at the development of nanosized particle filled underfill material. Several characterisation experiments have been applied to study the influence of these particles on the curing behaviour and the thermomechanical properties such as the coefficient of thermal expansion, geltime, glass transition temperature, and modulus. Constitutive models are assessed for their ability to describe the observed behaviour
本文描述了作为一个更大的项目的一部分进行的工作,该项目旨在开发纳米级颗粒填充的下填料材料。几个表征实验应用于研究这些颗粒对固化行为和热机械性能的影响,如热膨胀系数、凝胶时间、玻璃化转变温度和模量。本构模型是评估他们的能力,以描述观察到的行为
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引用次数: 0
Fatigue life of solder bumps in a system in package: relating power cycling to thermal cycling 封装系统中焊点的疲劳寿命:功率循环与热循环的关系
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1643987
J. Beijer, M. Jansen, G. Janssen, J. Bielen, E. Tijssen
Usually the mechanical reliability of electronic packages is qualified by temperature cycle tests (TCT). However this is a more or less isothermal test, while in operating condition temperatures can have a non-uniform distribution, because thermal transient effects are present. This effect can play an important role in packages that generate heat, like the module with power amplifier that we studied in this work. The transient thermal loading in the active areas in the flip chip power amplifier causes thermo-mechanical stresses that may cause fatigue fractures in the solder bumps and eventually failure of the module. In this paper we simulate the operating conditions and a TCT. For this purpose a FEA model was created with a new way of working to handle major challenges regarding the large differences in length and time scale. The required element size in the bumps was approximately a factor 200 smaller than that required in the PCB. Furthermore the combination of the heat penetration depth of the short (milliseconds) power pulses together with the heating time of approximately half an hour for the complete module makes conventional simulation methods very time consuming. The new method showed to be accurate and efficient. The simulation results show that in TCT the loading is very different than in power cycling. The critical bump was in power cycling in the middle of the heating area, while in TCT is located at the corner. We have also calculated an acceleration factor for the TCT test
电子封装的机械可靠性通常是通过温度循环试验(TCT)来确定的。然而,这是一个或多或少的等温试验,而在工作条件下,由于存在热瞬态效应,温度可能具有不均匀分布。这种效应可以在产生热量的封装中发挥重要作用,例如我们在本工作中研究的带有功率放大器的模块。倒装芯片功率放大器有源区域的瞬态热载荷会产生热机械应力,可能导致焊料凸起处的疲劳断裂,最终导致模块失效。本文对TCT的工作条件进行了仿真。为此,创建了一个FEA模型,并采用一种新的工作方式来处理有关长度和时间尺度的巨大差异的主要挑战。凸起中所需的元件尺寸大约比PCB中所需的元件尺寸小200倍。此外,短功率脉冲的热穿透深度(毫秒级)加上整个模块大约半小时的加热时间,使得传统的模拟方法非常耗时。结果表明,该方法准确、高效。仿真结果表明,TCT的载荷与功率循环的载荷有很大的不同。临界碰撞发生在加热区域中部的功率循环,而TCT发生在角落。我们还计算了TCT测试的加速因子
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引用次数: 6
FEM Based Design and Simulation of Bulk Micromachined MEMS Accelerometers with Low Cross Axis Sensitivity 基于FEM的低交叉轴灵敏度微机械加速度计设计与仿真
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1644047
R. Mukhiya, A. Adami, A. Bagolini, M. Zen, S. Kal
This paper reports the design and simulation of two MEMS piezoresistive accelerometers for single axis low g (plusmn2g) automotive applications. Both the accelerometer structures consist of four beams at the top with eight embedded resistors as sensing elements to form Wheatstone bridge network and interconnected to minimize the cross axis sensitivity. FEM based design and simulation results for both the accelerometers are presented and compared, which are performed using commercially available MEMSCAD tool CoventorWarereg. Fabrication process and technological aspects to realize both the structures are discussed. The sensitivity of the two accelerometers is 6.5 mV/g and 5.85 mV/g respectively. Cross axis sensitivity of the structures is three orders lower than the prime axis sensitivity
本文报道了用于汽车单轴低g (plusmn2g)的两个MEMS压阻式加速度计的设计和仿真。这两种加速度计结构都由顶部的四根梁和八个嵌入式电阻作为传感元件组成,形成惠斯通电桥网络,并相互连接以最小化交叉轴灵敏度。利用市售MEMSCAD工具CoventorWarereg对两种加速度计进行了基于FEM的设计和仿真,并进行了比较。讨论了实现这两种结构的制造过程和技术问题。两种加速度计的灵敏度分别为6.5 mV/g和5.85 mV/g。结构的横轴灵敏度比原轴灵敏度低3个数量级
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引用次数: 5
Design and Analysis of a novel fan-out WLCSP structure 一种新型扇出式WLCSP结构的设计与分析
Pub Date : 2006-04-24 DOI: 10.1109/ESIME.2006.1643970
C. Yuan, G.Q. Zhang, Ching-Shun Huang, Chun-Hui Yu, Chin-Cheng Yang, Wen-Kung Yang, M. Yew, C. Chou, K. Chiang
A novel wafer level chip scaled packaging (WLCSP) having the capability of the redistributing the electrical circuit is proposed herein to resolve the problem of assembling a fine pitched chip to a coarse pitched substrate. In the fan-out WLCSP, the chip is first attached to a specific 8" chip carrier, and then the trench between the chips are filled by the filler polymer. The solder bumps could be located on both the filler polymer and chip surface, but the fabrication of the fan-out WLCSP is similar to the conventional 8" WLCSP process. Because the packaging structure of the fan-out WLCSP differs from the conventional one, a series of coplanity and solder joint height experiment is conducted to verify the capability of mounting the said structure to the substrate. The experimental results indicated that the derivation of the fan-out WLCSP is approximated plusmn0.01 mm, which is acceptable in the surface mount technology of the substrate. Moreover, the nonlinear finite element (FE) method is applied to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the fan-out WLCSP. Moreover, both the solder joint reliability and the trace stress while the external thermal cycling loading is considered. The simulation result indicates that the distance between the solder joint and the edge of the chip and filler polymer was more sensitive than other the design parameters, and the said distance parameter would dominate the mechanical characteristic of the fan-out WLCSP
本文提出了一种具有电路再分配能力的晶圆级芯片缩放封装(WLCSP),以解决将细坡芯片组装到粗坡衬底上的问题。在扇形输出的WLCSP中,芯片首先连接到特定的8”芯片载体上,然后芯片之间的沟槽由填充聚合物填充。焊料凸起可以位于填充聚合物和芯片表面,但扇形WLCSP的制造与传统的8”WLCSP工艺相似。由于扇出式WLCSP封装结构与传统的封装结构不同,为了验证该封装结构在基板上的安装能力,进行了一系列的共平面度和焊点高度实验。实验结果表明,扇形输出WLCSP的导数近似为±0.01 mm,在衬底表面贴装技术中是可以接受的。此外,采用非线性有限元法对扇形外露式悬臂梁的力学特性进行了分析。此外,还考虑了外部热循环加载时焊点的可靠性和痕迹应力。仿真结果表明,焊点与芯片和填充聚合物边缘之间的距离比其他设计参数更为敏感,并且该距离参数将主导扇形WLCSP的力学特性
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a novel fan-out WLCSP structure","authors":"C. Yuan, G.Q. Zhang, Ching-Shun Huang, Chun-Hui Yu, Chin-Cheng Yang, Wen-Kung Yang, M. Yew, C. Chou, K. Chiang","doi":"10.1109/ESIME.2006.1643970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESIME.2006.1643970","url":null,"abstract":"A novel wafer level chip scaled packaging (WLCSP) having the capability of the redistributing the electrical circuit is proposed herein to resolve the problem of assembling a fine pitched chip to a coarse pitched substrate. In the fan-out WLCSP, the chip is first attached to a specific 8\" chip carrier, and then the trench between the chips are filled by the filler polymer. The solder bumps could be located on both the filler polymer and chip surface, but the fabrication of the fan-out WLCSP is similar to the conventional 8\" WLCSP process. Because the packaging structure of the fan-out WLCSP differs from the conventional one, a series of coplanity and solder joint height experiment is conducted to verify the capability of mounting the said structure to the substrate. The experimental results indicated that the derivation of the fan-out WLCSP is approximated plusmn0.01 mm, which is acceptable in the surface mount technology of the substrate. Moreover, the nonlinear finite element (FE) method is applied to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the fan-out WLCSP. Moreover, both the solder joint reliability and the trace stress while the external thermal cycling loading is considered. The simulation result indicates that the distance between the solder joint and the edge of the chip and filler polymer was more sensitive than other the design parameters, and the said distance parameter would dominate the mechanical characteristic of the fan-out WLCSP","PeriodicalId":60796,"journal":{"name":"微纳电子与智能制造","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79374940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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微纳电子与智能制造
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