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2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference最新文献

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Ultra-Lightweight PV module design for Building Integrated Photovoltaics 用于建筑集成光伏的超轻型光伏模块设计
Pub Date : 2017-07-02 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366791
A. C. Martins, V. Chapuis, A. Virtuani, C. Ballif
Most of the existing solutions for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) are based on conventional crystalline-Silicon (c-Si) module architectures (glass-glass or glass-backsheet) exhibiting a relatively high weight (12–20 kg/m2). We are working on the development of robust and reliable lightweight solutions with a weight target of 6 kg/m2. Using a composite sandwich architecture and high thermal conductivity materials, we show that it is possible to propose lightweight PV modules compliant with the IEe 61215 thermal cycling test. We further show that we are able to upscale the size of the devices from 2-cells up to 16-cell modules.
大多数现有的建筑集成光伏(BIPV)解决方案都是基于传统的晶体硅(c-Si)模块架构(玻璃玻璃或玻璃背板),其重量相对较高(12-20 kg/m2)。我们正在致力于开发坚固可靠的轻量化解决方案,其重量目标为6 kg/m2。使用复合夹层结构和高导热材料,我们表明可以提出符合IEe 61215热循环测试的轻型光伏模块。我们进一步表明,我们能够将设备的尺寸从2单元扩展到16单元模块。
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引用次数: 6
Inverse Metamorphic III-V/epi-SiGe Tandem Solar Cell Performance Assessed by Optical and Electrical Modeling 逆变质III-V/epi-SiGe串联太阳能电池的光学和电学模型评估
Pub Date : 2017-06-25 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366309
Raphael Lachaurne, M. Foldyna, G. Hamon, N. Vaissière, J. Decobert, R. Cariou, P. Cabarrocas, J. Alvarez, J. Kleider
Recent developments have unlocked the main issues arising from the combination of III-V and silicon and have opened a new way to fabricate tandem solar cells. We here propose to evaluate such tandem concept based on inverse metamorphic growth of c-Si(Ge) on GaAs by means of numerical simulation. Electrical and optical models are first faced to experimental realizations of single junction cells to calibrate material parameters and to assess the electrical quality of the epi-SiGe layer. Then the tandem structure is optimized, current matching conditions are given and the benefit of using a 2D grating at the back-side is studied.
最近的发展已经解决了III-V和硅结合产生的主要问题,并开辟了一种制造串联太阳能电池的新方法。本文提出用数值模拟的方法来评价基于c-Si(Ge)在GaAs上逆变质生长的串联概念。电学和光学模型首先面对单结电池的实验实现,以校准材料参数和评估epi-SiGe层的电学质量。然后对串联结构进行了优化,给出了当前的匹配条件,并研究了在背面使用二维光栅的好处。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in silicon surface texturization by metal assisted chemical etching for photovoltaic applications 光电应用中金属辅助化学蚀刻硅表面织构化的研究进展
Pub Date : 2017-06-25 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366525
S. D. Gall, R. Lachaume, E. Torralba, M. Halbwax, V. Magnin, T. E. Assimi, Marin Fouchier, J. Harari, J. Vilcot, C. Cachet-Vivier, S. Bastide
New Si processes based on Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) are explored for solar cells texturization. Pt and Au are considered as catalysts for MACE of p and n-type Si substrates. 2D band bending modeling at the nanoscale shows that Pt nanoparticles (NPs) make ohmic contacts and induce delocalized etching. Accordingly, cone-shaped macropores, very efficient in reducing the reflectivity $(< 5%)$ are obtained experimentally. On the contrary, Au with n-type Si leads to non-ohmic contacts and localized etching. On this basis, a novel strategy for 3D pattern transfer into Si with patterned nanoporous gold electrodes in a single step is developed.
探索了基于金属辅助化学蚀刻(MACE)的太阳能电池织构化硅新工艺。Pt和Au被认为是p型和n型Si衬底的MACE催化剂。在纳米尺度下的二维带弯曲模型表明,Pt纳米颗粒(NPs)会产生欧姆接触并诱导离域蚀刻。因此,实验得到了能有效降低反射率$(< 5%)$的锥形大孔。相反,Au与n型Si会导致非欧姆接触和局部蚀刻。在此基础上,提出了一种利用纳米孔金电极一步将三维图案转移到硅中的新策略。
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引用次数: 0
Automatic Detection of Inactive Solar Cell Cracks in Electroluminescence Images 电致发光图像中非活性太阳能电池裂纹的自动检测
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366106
S. Spataru, P. Hacke, D. Sera
Inactive solar cell regions resulted from their disconnection from the electrical circuit of the cell are considered to most severe type of solar cell cracks, causing the most power loss. In this work, we propose an algorithm for automatic determination of the electroluminescence (EL) signal threshold level corresponding these inactive solar cell regions. The resulting threshold enables automatic quantification of the cracked region size and estimation of the risk of power loss in the module. We tested the algorithm for detecting inactive cell areas in standard mono and mc-Si, showing the influence of current bias level and camera exposure time on the detection. Last, we examined the correlation between the size of the detected solar cell cracks and the power loss of the module.
由于与电池电路断开而导致的非活性太阳能电池区域被认为是太阳能电池最严重的裂缝类型,造成最大的功率损失。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种自动确定这些非活性太阳能电池区域对应的电致发光(EL)信号阈值水平的算法。由此产生的阈值可以自动量化裂纹区域大小并估计模块中功率损耗的风险。我们测试了该算法在标准单色和mc-Si中检测非活性细胞区域,显示了电流偏置电平和相机曝光时间对检测的影响。最后,我们研究了检测到的太阳能电池裂纹的大小与组件的功率损耗之间的关系。
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引用次数: 2
Enabling High-Efficiency InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Epitaxial Lift-Off and Light Management 通过外延提升和光管理实现高效率的InAs/GaAs量子点太阳能电池
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366631
F. Cappelluti, A. Cédola, Arastoo Khalili, F. Elsehrawy, G. Bauhuis, P. Mulder, J. Schermer, G. Bissels, T. Aho, T. Niemi, M. Guina, Dongyoung Kim, Jiang Wu, Huiyun Liu
We report thin-film InAs/GaAs QD solar cells fabricated by epitaxial lift-off of 3-inch wafers containing QD epi-structures with high in-plane QD density. External quantum efficiency measurements demonstrate enhanced QD harvesting in the thin-film configuration. Numerical simulations show that remarkably high increase of the QD photocurrent may be achieved by replacing the planar rear mirror with micro-structured photonic gratings. Measurements of diffraction efficiency of grating prototypes realized on GaAs wafers by nanoimprint lithography are presented.
我们报道了采用3英寸晶圆外延提升法制备的薄膜InAs/GaAs QD太阳能电池,其中包含具有高平面内QD密度的QD外延结构。外部量子效率测量表明在薄膜结构中增强了量子点收获。数值模拟结果表明,用微结构光子光栅代替平面后视镜可以显著提高量子点光电流。介绍了用纳米压印技术在砷化镓晶圆上实现光栅原型的衍射效率测量。
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引用次数: 1
An autocorrelation-based copula model for producing realistic clear-sky index and photovoltaic power generation time-series 真实晴空指数与光伏发电时间序列的自相关耦合模型
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366009
J. Munkhammar, J. Widén
This study presents a method for using copulas to model the temporal variability of the clear-sky index. The method utilizes the autocorrelation function and correlated outputs for $N$ time-steps are obtained. Results from the copula model are, in terms of distribution, autocorrelation, step changes and mean daily distribution, compared with the original data set and with an uncorrelated model based on random clear-sky index data. The copula model is shown to be superior to the uncorrelated model in all these aspects.
本文提出了一种利用copula模拟晴空指数的时间变异性的方法。该方法利用自相关函数,得到$N$个时间步长的相关输出。copula模型在分布、自相关、阶跃变化和平均日分布方面与原始数据集和基于随机晴空指数数据的不相关模型进行了比较。在所有这些方面都表明,联结模型优于不相关模型。
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引用次数: 4
Correction for Metastability in the Quantification of PID in Thin-Film Module Testing 薄膜模块测试中PID量化中亚稳态的校正
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366437
P. Hacke, S. Spataru, S. Johnston
A fundamental change in the analysis for the accelerated stress testing of thin-film modules is proposed, whereby power changes due to metastability and other effects that may occur due to the thermal history are removed from the power measurement that we obtain as a function of the applied stress factor. In this work, initial thermal treatment of the module is performed before application of the independent variable stress of system voltage so that any temperature-dependent processes (e.g., diffusion) that affect the module power are largely activated beforehand. Secondly, the power of reference modules normalized to an initial state-undergoing the same thermal and light exposure history but without the applied stress factor such as humidity or voltage bias-is subtracted from that of the stressed modules. For better understanding and appropriate application in standardized tests, the method is demonstrated and discussed for potential-induced degradation testing in view of the parallel-occurring but unrelated physical mechanisms that can lead to confounding power changes in the module.
在薄膜模块加速应力测试分析中提出了一个根本性的变化,即从我们作为应用应力因子的函数获得的功率测量中去除由于亚稳态和其他可能由于热历史而发生的影响而引起的功率变化。在这项工作中,在应用系统电压的自变量应力之前对模块进行初始热处理,以便任何影响模块功率的温度相关过程(例如扩散)在很大程度上事先被激活。其次,标准化到初始状态的参考模块的功率-经历相同的热和光暴露历史,但没有施加应力因素,如湿度或电压偏置-从应力模块的功率中减去。为了更好地理解和在标准化测试中的适当应用,针对可能导致模块中混淆功率变化的并行发生但不相关的物理机制,演示和讨论了用于电位诱发退化测试的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Indoor Measurement of Angle Resolved Light Absorption by Black Silicon 黑硅室内测量角度分辨光吸收
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366366
M. Amdemeskel, B. Iandolo, R. S. Davidsen, Ole Hansen, G. Benatto, Nicholas Riedel, P. Poulsen, Sune Thorsteinsson, A. Thorseth, C. Dam-Hansen
Angle resolved optical spectroscopy of photovoltaic (PV) samples gives crucial information on PV panels under realistic working conditions. Here, we introduce measurements of angle resolved light absorption by PV cells, performed indoors using a collimated high radiance broadband light source. Our indoor method offers a significant simplification as compared to measurements by solar trackers. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we show characterization of black silicon solar cells. The experimental results showed stable and reliable optical responses that makes our setup suitable for indoor, angle resolved characterization of solar cells.
光伏(PV)样品的角度分辨光谱提供了光伏板在实际工作条件下的重要信息。在这里,我们介绍了光伏电池的角度分辨光吸收的测量,在室内使用准直的高辐射宽带光源进行。与太阳跟踪器的测量相比,我们的室内方法提供了显著的简化。作为概念验证演示,我们展示了黑硅太阳能电池的特性。实验结果显示出稳定可靠的光学响应,使我们的装置适合于室内,角度分辨表征太阳能电池。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Evaluation on the Nano-rod Array on a N-side-up Thin-film GaAs Solar Cells n面朝上薄膜砷化镓太阳能电池纳米棒阵列的数值评价
Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366677
R. S. Davidsen, P. T. Tang, I. Mizushima, Sune Thorsteinsson, P. Poulsen, Jesper Frausig, Ørnulf Nordseth, O. Hansen
We present the combination of black silicon texturing and blackened bus-bar strings as a potential method for obtaining all-black solar panels, while using conventional, front-contacted solar cells. Black silicon was realized by mask-less reactive ion etching resulting in total, average reflectance below 0.5% across a 156×156 mm2 silicon wafer. Four different methods to obtain blackened bus-bar strings were compared with respect to reflectance, and two of these methods (i.e., oxidized copper and etched solder) were used to fabricate functional all-black solar 9-cell panels. The black bus-bars (e.g., by oxidized copper) have a reflectance below 3% in the entire visible wavelength range. The combination of black silicon cells and blackened bus-bars results in aesthetic, all-black panels based on conventional, front-contacted solar cells without compromising efficiency.
我们提出了黑硅纹理和黑化母线串的组合,作为获得全黑太阳能电池板的潜在方法,同时使用传统的前接触太阳能电池。黑硅是通过无掩膜反应离子蚀刻实现的,在156×156 mm2硅片上的总平均反射率低于0.5%。在反射率方面比较了四种不同的获得黑化母线串的方法,并使用其中两种方法(即氧化铜和蚀刻焊料)来制造功能性全黑太阳能9电池板。黑色母线(例如,由氧化铜制成)在整个可见波长范围内的反射率低于3%。黑色硅电池和黑色母线的组合产生了美观的全黑面板,基于传统的前接触太阳能电池,而不影响效率。
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引用次数: 1
Toward Stationary Concentrator Photovoltaic Panels 朝向固定式聚光光伏板
Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366539
G. Nelson, B. Juang, M. Slocum, Z. Bittner, Ramesh B. Lagumavarapu, D. Huffaker, S. Hubbard
The GaAs/GaSb interface misfit design can achieve comparable efficiency to conventional inverted metamorphic multijunction cells at up to 30% cost reduction. In this preliminary work, GaSb single junctions were grown via molecular beam epitaxy on both GaSb and GaAs substrates to compare and fine tune the interfacial misfit growth process. Current vs voltage results show that the best homo-epitaxial cell achieved 5.2% under 35-sun concentration. TEM did not reveal any threading dislocations in the hetero-epitaxial cells, however, device results indicated higher non-radiative recombination than expected, likely due to unpassivated surface states. Improvements to cell processing will be explored and more characterization is planned to determine the cause of degraded hetero-epitaxial cell performance.
GaAs/GaSb界面失配设计可以达到与传统的倒变质多结电池相当的效率,成本可降低30%。在本初步工作中,通过分子束外延在GaSb和GaAs衬底上生长GaSb单结,以比较和微调界面失配生长过程。电流与电压的对比结果表明,在35太阳的浓度下,最佳的同质外延电池达到了5.2%。透射电镜没有发现异质外延细胞中的任何螺纹位错,然而,器件结果显示比预期更高的非辐射重组,可能是由于未钝化的表面状态。对细胞加工的改进将被探索,并计划进行更多的表征以确定导致异质外延细胞性能下降的原因。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
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