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2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)最新文献

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Selenium treatment on the polycrystalline CuIn1−xGaxSe2 thin films sputtered from a quaternary target 硒处理对四元靶溅射多晶CuIn1−xGaxSe2薄膜的影响
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744167
Chuan Chang, Chia-Hao Hsu, W. Ho, Shih-yuan Wei, Yue-Shun Su, C. Lai
In this work, selenium treatment at 250-350°C on the polycrystalline CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) thin films sputtered from a quaternary target has been investigated in order to passivate anionic defects which induce the current-blocking behavior and lowering open circuit voltage. The CIGS thin films were selenized in a closed-space graphite container. The result of selenization was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, EQE and the current-voltage-temperature measurement. After selenization at 350°C, the current-blocking behavior is inhibited and Voc increases from 310mV to 640mV. Until now, the efficiency near 9% can be obtained by an optimized selenization process.
在这项工作中,为了钝化引起电流阻塞行为和降低开路电压的阴离子缺陷,研究了在250-350°C下对四元靶溅射的多晶CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS)薄膜进行硒处理。CIGS薄膜在封闭空间石墨容器中硒化。用拉曼光谱、EQE和电流-电压-温度测量对硒化结果进行了表征。在350℃硒化后,阻流行为被抑制,Voc从310mV增加到640mV。到目前为止,通过优化硒化工艺可以获得接近9%的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Substrate-type Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells with all layers deposited by non-vacuum solution-based methods 衬底型Cu(In, Ga)Se2太阳能电池,所有层均采用非真空溶液沉积方法
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6745194
Shinsuke Nagino, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Shigehiro Ueno
Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells with all layers deposited using solution-based methods were demonstrated in order to investigate the utilization of wet process in CIGS photovoltaic cell fabrication. An active area efficiency of 7.7% was obtained. On the other hand, the highest efficiency of the cells with solution-processed CIGS and CdS layers was 15.3 %, which was about twice higher than that of all wet-coated cells. It was revealed that the quality of the ZnO nanoparticle layer, a lack of Na in the CIGS layer and the sheet resistance of SnO2:F back electrode limited the cell performance.
为了研究湿法在CIGS光伏电池制造中的应用,采用基于溶液的方法对Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS)太阳能电池进行了全层沉积。有效面积效率为7.7%。另一方面,溶液处理的CIGS和CdS层的电池效率最高为15.3%,约为所有湿涂电池的两倍。结果表明,ZnO纳米颗粒层的质量、CIGS层中Na的缺乏以及SnO2:F背电极的片电阻限制了电池的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Research and practice of designing hydro/photovoltaic hybrid power system in microgrid 微电网中水电/光伏混合动力系统设计的研究与实践
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744432
W. Yibo, X. Honghua
Small-hydro power station is often used in remote area beside a river, but it doesn't match electricity demand so well, especially in dry season. A photovoltaic (PV) system with battery is a suitable option to complement the electricity gap. In this paper, a new structure of MW-class PV system integrating battery at DC-bus is proposed to be used in hydro/PV hybrid power system, and 4 main designing considerations and several key equipments are discussed. In 2011, a 2MWp PV station with the proposed structure was built up in Yushu, China. From stability analysis, the station shows a strong stability under load cut-in/off and solar irradiance's fluctuation.
小水力发电站通常用于偏远地区的河边,但它不能很好地满足电力需求,特别是在旱季。带电池的光伏(PV)系统是弥补电力缺口的合适选择。本文提出了一种用于水电/光伏混合动力系统的直流母线集成电池的兆瓦级光伏系统的新结构,并讨论了4个主要设计考虑和几个关键设备。2011年,一个2MWp的光伏电站在中国玉树建成。稳定性分析表明,电站在负荷切断和太阳辐照度波动下具有较强的稳定性。
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引用次数: 17
Artificial soiling of photovoltaic module surfaces using traceable soil components 利用可溯源土壤成分对光伏组件表面进行人工污染
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744438
P. Burton, B. King
Effective evaluation and prediction of photovoltaic performance loss due to soiling requires consistent test methods. Natural grime accumulation is time-consuming and location-specific, and thus does not provide reproducible results across different geographic regions. Therefore, we have demonstrated a technique to apply artificial soiling with NIST-traceable components using an aerosol spray technique. This approach produces consistent soil coatings which were directly correlated to performance loss of multicrystalline Si cells in a laboratory setting. By tailoring the composition of the test blend, termed `standard grime', the loss due to soiling can be effectively predicted over a range of mass loadings and soil types.
有效评价和预测光伏因污染造成的性能损失需要一致的测试方法。尘螨的自然积累耗时且地点特异性,因此不能在不同地理区域提供可重复的结果。因此,我们已经证明了一种技术,应用人工污染与nist可追溯的成分使用气溶胶喷雾技术。这种方法产生一致的土壤涂层,这与实验室环境中多晶硅电池的性能损失直接相关。通过调整被称为“标准污垢”的测试混合物的组成,可以在一系列质量载荷和土壤类型上有效地预测由于污染造成的损失。
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引用次数: 18
A buck-boost integrated full bridge inverter for solar photovoltaic based standalone system 一种用于独立太阳能光伏系统的降压集成全桥逆变器
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6745069
Dipankar Debnath, K. Chatterjee
The existing standalone systems that are used to feed power from solar photovoltaic (PV) array to off-grid loads require several stages of power conversion thereby reducing its reliability and efficiency. One of the solutions offered in the literature to overcome this limitation is to design the system for higher PV and/or battery voltage levels. However, increment in the PV/battery voltage level makes design and installation issues of the system more involved in order to satisfy concerns pertaining to the safety of the personnel and equipment. In order to address the aforementioned limitations of the existing standalone PV systems, a topology involving a novel boost inverter which does not require the increment in the voltage levels of PV array and/or battery is proposed in this paper. Detailed analytical studies of the system are carried out. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is verified by means of detailed simulation studies.
现有的独立系统用于将太阳能光伏(PV)阵列的电力输送到离网负载,需要几个阶段的电力转换,从而降低了其可靠性和效率。文献中提供的克服这一限制的解决方案之一是为更高的PV和/或电池电压水平设计系统。然而,PV/电池电压水平的增加使系统的设计和安装问题更加复杂,以满足与人员和设备安全有关的问题。为了解决现有独立光伏系统的上述限制,本文提出了一种涉及新型升压逆变器的拓扑结构,该拓扑不需要增加光伏阵列和/或电池的电压水平。对系统进行了详细的分析研究。通过详细的仿真研究,验证了该方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 16
High photo-current generation in a three-dimensional silicon quantum dot superlattice fabricated by combination of bio-template and neutral beam etching for quantum dot solar cell 生物模板与中性束蚀刻相结合制备的量子点太阳能电池三维硅量子点超晶格的高光电流产生
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744972
Mohammad Maksudur Rahman, M. Igarashi, Weiguo Hu, M. E. Syazwan, Y. Hoshi, N. Usami, S. Samukawa
A Quantum Dot Superlattice (QDSL) offers high prospect for new generation photovoltaics. We fabricated and characterized a 3-dimensional array of Si-NDs as a QDSL with a high-aspect ratio, clear interface, and uniform size by using our advanced top-down technology consisting of bio-template and neutral beam etching processes for high-efficiency solar cells. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements revealed that the conductivity became higher as the arrangement was changed from single Si-ND to 2D and 3D arrays with the same matrix of SiC, i.e. the coupling of wave functions was changed. Moreover, we measured the contribution of 3D Si-NDs array in producing photocurrent inside a quantum dot solar cell and also observed a higher photo absorption of sunlight by 3D Si-NDs (30%) than by a 2D array of Si-NDs (10%).
量子点超晶格(QDSL)在新一代光伏技术中具有广阔的应用前景。我们采用先进的自顶向下技术,包括生物模板和中性束蚀刻工艺,制备了具有高纵横比、界面清晰、尺寸均匀的Si-NDs三维QDSL阵列,并对其进行了表征。导电性原子力显微镜测量结果表明,将单Si-ND排列改为具有相同SiC矩阵的二维和三维排列,即改变了波函数的耦合性,电导率提高。此外,我们还测量了3D Si-NDs阵列在量子点太阳能电池内部产生光电流的贡献,并观察到3D Si-NDs阵列对太阳光的光吸收(30%)高于2D Si-NDs阵列(10%)。
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引用次数: 3
Development of amorphous silicon-germanium and nanocrystalline silicon based multi-junction solar cell technology for GW-scale manufacturing 基于非晶硅锗和纳米晶硅的多结太阳能电池技术的发展
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744128
Xixiang Xu, Jinyan Zhang, Chongyan Lian, A. Hu, X. Ru, Cao Yu, C. Peng, M. Qu, Xinghong Zhou, Jianqiang Wang, Xiaohua Xu, F. Lin, Xiaodang Zhang, Ying Zhao, Yinchun Zhang, Hongqing Shan, Yuanmin Li
Though thin film silicon has evolved into an important technology for photovoltaic industry, further increasing its conversion efficiency remains to be a key task. In this work, we report the progress we have made in developing compatible nanocrystalline Si (nc-Si) technology with our existing amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe) based multi-junction solar cell manufacturing lines. We have conducted experiments mainly on two types of nc-Si based solar cell structures, a-Si/a-SiGe/nc-Si triple-junction and a-Si/nc-Si double-junction device. Currently we are attaining initial total area efficiency of 10.7% and 12.4% for the triple- and double-junction structures, respectively, on substrate size of 0.79 m2 (1.245 m × 0.635 m). Experimental results including study of crystalline volume fraction along nc-Si growth, individual component cell optimization and current match, development of superior tunnel-junction and contact layers are presented.
虽然薄膜硅已经发展成为光伏产业的重要技术,但进一步提高其转换效率仍然是一个关键的任务。在这项工作中,我们报告了我们在开发兼容纳米晶硅(nc-Si)技术与我们现有的基于非晶硅锗(a-SiGe)的多结太阳能电池生产线方面所取得的进展。我们主要对两种基于nc-Si的太阳能电池结构进行了实验,a-Si/a-SiGe/nc-Si三结器件和a-Si/nc-Si双结器件。目前,我们在0.79 m2 (1.245 m × 0.635 m)的衬底上获得了三结和双结结构的初始总面积效率分别为10.7%和12.4%。实验结果包括nc-Si生长过程中晶体体积分数的研究,单个组件电池优化和电流匹配,优越隧道结和接触层的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing PV power plant soiling measurements extracted from PV module irradiance and power measurements 比较从光伏组件辐照度和功率测量中提取的光伏电站污染测量值
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6745094
M. Gostein, B. Littmann, J. Caron, L. Dunn
The accumulation of dust and other environmental contaminants on PV modules, also known as PV module soiling, is a significant source of lost potential power generation for PV installations. Designers and operators of utility-scale solar power plants are increasingly seeking methods to quantify soiling-related losses, in order to improve performance modeling and verification or to optimize washing schedules. Recently, soiling measurement equipment has been introduced based on the measurement of two co-planar PV modules, one of which is regularly cleaned, and the other of which naturally accumulates environmental contaminants. These measurements are used to determine a soiling ratio (SR), which may be applied as a derate factor in analysis of the PV system performance. In this work, we examine the difference between a soiling ratio metric calculated from measured temperature-corrected short-circuit current values (SRIsc), which represents the fraction of irradiance reaching the soiled modules, versus a soiling ratio calculated from measured temperature-corrected PV module maximum power values (SRPmax), which represents the fraction of power produced by the soiled modules compared to clean modules. We examine both techniques for CdTe and c-Si module technologies. This study is motivated by the fact that variations in module efficiency versus irradiance, as well as any non-uniformity of soiling, may introduce differences between the power losses estimated from short-circuit current values versus actual soiling-induced power losses. For CdTe, the SRIsc method is found to be a good proxy for the SRPmax method for nonuniform soiling levels up to 11%.
光伏组件上的灰尘和其他环境污染物的积累,也称为光伏组件污染,是光伏装置失去潜在发电能力的一个重要来源。公用事业规模的太阳能发电厂的设计师和运营商正越来越多地寻求量化与污染有关的损失的方法,以改进性能建模和验证或优化洗涤时间表。最近,引入了基于测量两个共面光伏组件的污染测量设备,其中一个是定期清洁的,另一个是自然积累环境污染物的。这些测量用于确定污染比(SR),这可以作为光伏系统性能分析中的一个降额因素。在这项工作中,我们研究了由测量的温度校正短路电流值(SRIsc)计算得出的污染比度量(SRIsc表示到达污染模块的辐照度的比例)与由测量的温度校正光伏模块最大功率值(SRPmax)计算得出的污染比度量(SRPmax表示污染模块与清洁模块相比产生的功率的比例)之间的差异。我们研究了CdTe和c-Si模块技术的两种技术。本研究的动机是,模块效率与辐照度的变化,以及任何不均匀的污染,可能会导致短路电流值估计的功率损耗与实际污染引起的功率损耗之间的差异。对于CdTe,发现SRIsc方法可以很好地代替SRPmax方法来测量高达11%的不均匀污染水平。
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引用次数: 48
Ultrahigh-resolution direct observation of mini-bands formed in InGaAs/AlGaAs superlattice InGaAs/AlGaAs超晶格中形成的微带的超高分辨率直接观测
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744154
D. Shimura, F. Ichihashi, K. Nishitani, S. Harada, M. Kuwahara, T. Ito, M. Matsunami, S. Kimura, T. Sakai, M. Tagawa, T. Ujihara
Mini-bands formed in superlattice structures are often used for an intermediate-band solar cell. In order to design an optimized structure, it is important to measure the mini-band dispersions which influence transport properties and solar-energy conversion efficiency. In this study, we directly observed the dispersions of mini-bands formed in InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well superlattices by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation light. The short-period energy dispersions due to the mini-bands around the X-valley were clearly obtained. In addition, the effective mass coefficient of each mini-band could be individually evaluated.
在超晶格结构中形成的微带常用于中波段太阳能电池。为了设计一个优化的结构,测量影响输运性质和太阳能转换效率的小波段色散是很重要的。在这项研究中,我们用同步辐射光的角度分辨光谱学直接观察了InGaAs/AlGaAs量子阱超晶格中形成的微带的色散。由于x谷周围的小带导致了短周期的能量色散。此外,每个小波段的有效质量系数可以单独评估。
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引用次数: 1
Application of an analytical model based on transistor concepts for the characterization of potential-induced degradation in crystalline silicon photovoltaics 基于晶体管概念的分析模型在晶体硅光伏电池中电位诱导退化表征中的应用
Pub Date : 2013-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2013.6744443
N. Kindyni, G. Georghiou
The analytical transient model for potential-induced degradation (PID) based on transistor aging, originally presented by the authors, is further developed here in an attempt to replicate the PID conditions more accurately. The improved model predicts the leakage current which is regarded as a measure of the PID intensity and is used to validate the model's ability to capture the PID effects. The results obtained show good agreement with the reports on PID phenomena of standard crystalline silicon photovoltaics. This confirms the hypothesis that the PID mechanism is similar to transistor aging concepts and provides additional justification for the adoption of transistor aging models as a basis for PID modeling.
最初由作者提出的基于晶体管老化的电势诱导退化(PID)的分析瞬态模型在此得到进一步发展,试图更准确地复制PID条件。改进的模型预测了泄漏电流,泄漏电流被视为PID强度的度量,并用于验证模型捕捉PID效应的能力。所得结果与有关标准晶硅光伏的PID现象的报道吻合较好。这证实了PID机制类似于晶体管老化概念的假设,并为采用晶体管老化模型作为PID建模的基础提供了额外的理由。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
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