Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859669
Arijit Ghosh, S. De, S. Mukherjee
The study is a metonym for designing a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) using various types of membership functions (MFs) and variable rule-base (RB) for a DC servo speed control application. FLCs are more useful in comparison to their crisp counterparts for attaining a desired speed in a closed loop process. Based on prior experience, the control methodology i.e. RB of a FLC is designed which comprises of 49 rules in if-then form. Initially the FLC was designed using Triangular type MF. The RB and scaling factors (SFs) were accordingly chosen to deal with system non-linearity. Next, the system is tested with other types of MFs i.e. Trapezoidal, Gaussian and Gaussian-Bell shaped. Moreover, the system is tested for all the aforesaid types of MF initially with 50% reduction in its RB and then further with 80% reduction in the RB i.e. now the system is designed with 25 rules and 9 rules in its RB respectively. This work presents the simulation results of various MFs implemented in a FLC and comparison of their results in terms of the following performance indices (PIs): Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Square Error (ITSE) And Rise Time (tr).
{"title":"Performance evaluation of a fuzzy logic controller on a servo speed control system","authors":"Arijit Ghosh, S. De, S. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859669","url":null,"abstract":"The study is a metonym for designing a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) using various types of membership functions (MFs) and variable rule-base (RB) for a DC servo speed control application. FLCs are more useful in comparison to their crisp counterparts for attaining a desired speed in a closed loop process. Based on prior experience, the control methodology i.e. RB of a FLC is designed which comprises of 49 rules in if-then form. Initially the FLC was designed using Triangular type MF. The RB and scaling factors (SFs) were accordingly chosen to deal with system non-linearity. Next, the system is tested with other types of MFs i.e. Trapezoidal, Gaussian and Gaussian-Bell shaped. Moreover, the system is tested for all the aforesaid types of MF initially with 50% reduction in its RB and then further with 80% reduction in the RB i.e. now the system is designed with 25 rules and 9 rules in its RB respectively. This work presents the simulation results of various MFs implemented in a FLC and comparison of their results in terms of the following performance indices (PIs): Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Square Error (ITSE) And Rise Time (tr).","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"94 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83895050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859704
K. Padma, K. Vaisakh
FACTS devices can enable a line to carry its flow close to rating capacity and consequently can improve the power system security even in contingency and over loaded network. An opposition-based modified differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the OPF problem under different operating conditions for enhancement of power system performance with a SSSC device. The best location of SSSC device is determined based on AHP method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on IEEE 30-bus test system.
{"title":"Application of AHP method for optimal location of SSSC device under different operating conditions","authors":"K. Padma, K. Vaisakh","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859704","url":null,"abstract":"FACTS devices can enable a line to carry its flow close to rating capacity and consequently can improve the power system security even in contingency and over loaded network. An opposition-based modified differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the OPF problem under different operating conditions for enhancement of power system performance with a SSSC device. The best location of SSSC device is determined based on AHP method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on IEEE 30-bus test system.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"529 1","pages":"210-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84435430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859670
Yuecong Xu, M. Er
In this paper, the design and development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle suitable for indoor navigation and an innovative human-computer interaction interface is presented. More specifically, details pertaining to hardware design and software development of the entire UAV are presented. It should be highlighted that the UAV is developed from scratch rather than purchased off the shelf. By virtue of the innovative human-computer interaction and on-screen display, effective and efficient control of the UAV has been achieved.
{"title":"Human-computer interaction in intelligent control of an unmanned aerial vehicle","authors":"Yuecong Xu, M. Er","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859670","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design and development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle suitable for indoor navigation and an innovative human-computer interaction interface is presented. More specifically, details pertaining to hardware design and software development of the entire UAV are presented. It should be highlighted that the UAV is developed from scratch rather than purchased off the shelf. By virtue of the innovative human-computer interaction and on-screen display, effective and efficient control of the UAV has been achieved.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"331 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77140704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859715
Prithwish Kangsabanik
Exception happens during fulfilment of NGN (Next Generation Network) & All-IP based telecom-/data-services, which are provisioned over NGN-OSS (Next Generation Network — Operations Support Systems) and NGN-BSS (Next Generation Network — Business Support Systems). As the volume and heterogeneity of NGN & All-IP based services that are provisioned over the fulfilment-stack increases, the operational cost of handling exceptions during fulfilment increases dramatically. With the prevalent pricing erosions, this problem becomes more critical for the telecom operators, and therefore telecom operators need to find a mechanism for automated exception handling so that the average opex-costs per provisioned service even in the presence of exceptions is reduced. In this paper, we use advanced transaction models to provide a flow-through exception handling concept for the NGN-OSS/NGN-BSS systems during the fulfilment of orders.
{"title":"Using advanced transaction models for flow-through exception handling in NGN-OSS/NGN-BSS","authors":"Prithwish Kangsabanik","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859715","url":null,"abstract":"Exception happens during fulfilment of NGN (Next Generation Network) & All-IP based telecom-/data-services, which are provisioned over NGN-OSS (Next Generation Network — Operations Support Systems) and NGN-BSS (Next Generation Network — Business Support Systems). As the volume and heterogeneity of NGN & All-IP based services that are provisioned over the fulfilment-stack increases, the operational cost of handling exceptions during fulfilment increases dramatically. With the prevalent pricing erosions, this problem becomes more critical for the telecom operators, and therefore telecom operators need to find a mechanism for automated exception handling so that the average opex-costs per provisioned service even in the presence of exceptions is reduced. In this paper, we use advanced transaction models to provide a flow-through exception handling concept for the NGN-OSS/NGN-BSS systems during the fulfilment of orders.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"6 1","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79053580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859693
P. Kayal, Animesh Sadhukhan, Jayanta K. Chandra
Distributed generation (DG) technology has become very noteworthy in modern power sector to meet the power demand in a sustainable mode. DG based on combined heat and power (CHP) technology offers concurrent generation of both electricity and heat from the same fuel for useful purposes. An encouraging method for optimal allocation of different types of CHP in distribution network via fuel cost reduction, mitigation of emission and maximization of heat generation is presented in this paper. Voltage stability indicator has been utilized to identify the prospective location of CHP units. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) has been exploited to evaluate the trade off solutions to determine size of CHP units. Three types of diesel generator (Dg) and two types of microturbine (Mt) are incorporated in the analysis to highlight the effectiveness of the methodology in mixed DG scenario. To verify the efficacy of the proposed approach it has been tested on 33-node and 15-node distribution network. The result for both the systems confirms that the objectives are fulfilled suitably.
{"title":"A multi-objective approach for selection of CHP based DG in radial distribution network","authors":"P. Kayal, Animesh Sadhukhan, Jayanta K. Chandra","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859693","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed generation (DG) technology has become very noteworthy in modern power sector to meet the power demand in a sustainable mode. DG based on combined heat and power (CHP) technology offers concurrent generation of both electricity and heat from the same fuel for useful purposes. An encouraging method for optimal allocation of different types of CHP in distribution network via fuel cost reduction, mitigation of emission and maximization of heat generation is presented in this paper. Voltage stability indicator has been utilized to identify the prospective location of CHP units. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) has been exploited to evaluate the trade off solutions to determine size of CHP units. Three types of diesel generator (Dg) and two types of microturbine (Mt) are incorporated in the analysis to highlight the effectiveness of the methodology in mixed DG scenario. To verify the efficacy of the proposed approach it has been tested on 33-node and 15-node distribution network. The result for both the systems confirms that the objectives are fulfilled suitably.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"86 1","pages":"152-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85060403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859722
M. Er, Sriram Sridhar, Ning Wang
Given the challenges of manual operation, there is an impending need for automation of the baggage handling problem. Imparting sensory capabilities is important in the creation of intelligent robotic systems that can achieve this task. In this paper, we focus on vision as it is one of the dominant perceptual modalities. Specifically, we propose a part based edge alignment technique based on Chamfer Matching for estimating the 2D localization of baggage in an uncluttered scene. This novel vision system incorporates the power and flexibility of both object-centered and viewer-centered theories of object representation.
{"title":"A novel vision system for baggage localization","authors":"M. Er, Sriram Sridhar, Ning Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859722","url":null,"abstract":"Given the challenges of manual operation, there is an impending need for automation of the baggage handling problem. Imparting sensory capabilities is important in the creation of intelligent robotic systems that can achieve this task. In this paper, we focus on vision as it is one of the dominant perceptual modalities. Specifically, we propose a part based edge alignment technique based on Chamfer Matching for estimating the 2D localization of baggage in an uncluttered scene. This novel vision system incorporates the power and flexibility of both object-centered and viewer-centered theories of object representation.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"302-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83724832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859719
Sumantra Bhattacharya, Akshay Mule, S. Bhaumik
In this paper, a new kind of Angle of Attack (AOA) sensor has been designed and calibrated, which is different from the conventional AOA sensor. The sensor is developed using a ball mouse encoder wheel and two Infrared (IR) modules. The system provides a low cost solution to angle of attack measurements with good precision and accuracy. The sensor has been developed for measuring the angle of attack of the test pieces placed inside a Closed Subsonic Wind-Tunnel.
{"title":"Angle of attack sensor using ball mouse encoder wheel","authors":"Sumantra Bhattacharya, Akshay Mule, S. Bhaumik","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859719","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new kind of Angle of Attack (AOA) sensor has been designed and calibrated, which is different from the conventional AOA sensor. The sensor is developed using a ball mouse encoder wheel and two Infrared (IR) modules. The system provides a low cost solution to angle of attack measurements with good precision and accuracy. The sensor has been developed for measuring the angle of attack of the test pieces placed inside a Closed Subsonic Wind-Tunnel.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"11 1","pages":"287-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89707284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859683
M. Goswami, S. Kundu
In this discourse, estimation of optimum vertical channel doping profile of Field Effect Transistor (FET) is carried out using a semi-empirical methodology. Initially, technology specific Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics are formulated as the objective and constraint functions of an orthogonal convex optimization problem. Then optimum vertical doping profile for the conducting-path (channel) is augmented from these functions recursively. The foremost merit of this semi-empirical technique can be attributed to its promptness in predicting the globally optimal doping profile with reliable accuracy and least human oversight, which is an imperative surrogate in the realm of Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) fabrication.
{"title":"Semi-empirical optimization of vertical channel doping profile of field effect transistor using recursive approach","authors":"M. Goswami, S. Kundu","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859683","url":null,"abstract":"In this discourse, estimation of optimum vertical channel doping profile of Field Effect Transistor (FET) is carried out using a semi-empirical methodology. Initially, technology specific Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics are formulated as the objective and constraint functions of an orthogonal convex optimization problem. Then optimum vertical doping profile for the conducting-path (channel) is augmented from these functions recursively. The foremost merit of this semi-empirical technique can be attributed to its promptness in predicting the globally optimal doping profile with reliable accuracy and least human oversight, which is an imperative surrogate in the realm of Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) fabrication.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80493724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859682
Faria Farjana Khan, Tahesin Samira, A. Jana, K. Siddiquee
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically form a network without any established infrastructure. The application is considered in an agro-based project and therefore, Routing protocols are mandatory to send and receive packets. In this paper, we have evaluated the most commonly used routing protocols in MANET and compared the performance of reactive routing protocols such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and proactive routing protocols such as Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol by using OPNET simulator 17.5. The OPNET simulator is optimal for core level network design and parameters of sensor nodes are detailed enough to design a sensor network as the MANET in this paper. Analysis of the performance of protocols are certainly depending on End to End delay (average), Network Load and the throughput. These parameters are the common primary issues behind routing and sensor nodes in the MANET will coordinate themselves following these issues staying in an environment of proactive or reactive routing. The result shows that AODV performs better than the other two.
{"title":"Performance of agro-sensors: Assessment of optimality in routing protocols of MANET in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Faria Farjana Khan, Tahesin Samira, A. Jana, K. Siddiquee","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859682","url":null,"abstract":"A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically form a network without any established infrastructure. The application is considered in an agro-based project and therefore, Routing protocols are mandatory to send and receive packets. In this paper, we have evaluated the most commonly used routing protocols in MANET and compared the performance of reactive routing protocols such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and proactive routing protocols such as Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP), and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol by using OPNET simulator 17.5. The OPNET simulator is optimal for core level network design and parameters of sensor nodes are detailed enough to design a sensor network as the MANET in this paper. Analysis of the performance of protocols are certainly depending on End to End delay (average), Network Load and the throughput. These parameters are the common primary issues behind routing and sensor nodes in the MANET will coordinate themselves following these issues staying in an environment of proactive or reactive routing. The result shows that AODV performs better than the other two.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"27 1","pages":"98-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78651973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859706
S. Bandopadhyay, Alok Kole, P. Das
This paper starts with a short introduction followed by the idea of mesopic photometry followed by different road lighting terminologies and concluded with the analysis of the S/P ratio and the SPD of the light sources. The light sources considered here are mainly concerned with the LEDs having variation in their CCTs. The road lighting actually consumes a significant amount of total energy requirement of a country all through the year. But from the point of view of security of road users road lighting is extremely important. With the passage of time role of road lighting has also gradually evolved from providing safety to drivers to providing visual comfort to the road users. Now road lighting also plays a major role in increasing the pedestrian feeling of safety and creating a better ambience. Thus visually acceptable and energy efficient road lighting is desirable. The mesopic luminance region lies between photopic and scotopic. The mesopic region covers luminance between about 0.001cd/m2 to 3cd/m2. It is neither luminosity function nor luminosity function alone are representative of the eye's spectral sensitivity in the mesopic region. Still today all dimensioning is based on the photopic luminosity function, which was established in 1924. Luminosity function describes the sensitivity of the retinal cone receptors and it is applicable to daytime vision. In the mesopic range both the rods and cones on the retina are active and this is believed to cause changes in the spectral sensitivity of the eye. LEDs are said to be the future light source because of their low energy usage and efficiency. The advantages of LEDs are that they are very robust, have a very long lifetime or up to 50,000 hours, they are easily dimmable and fail by dimming over time, rather than burn off like incandescent light bulbs. LEDs cause less glare irritation because of the smaller beam angle of the luminaire. The colour of the light depends on the composition and condition of the semiconducting material used. It can be infrared, visible or ultraviolet. Blue, green and red LEDs can be used to produce most perceptible colours, including white. Today, after many years of development, the LEDs on the market are now emitting white light in different colour temperatures as well as an advanced RGB control to produce coloured light to capture different moods for various aspects. Because of the huge potential of LED technology and the constant improvements in the quality (e.g. colour rendering), it can be predicted that the use of LEDs will become more common in both indoor and outdoor lighting with the advantage of energy savings due to their efficiency and long lifetime. Another advantage of using LED is it does not contain mercury (Hg), which is not an eco-friendly chemical and has adverse effect on human body.
{"title":"Review and studies on the effect of spectral composition of LED based lighting system over its scotopic-photopic ratio","authors":"S. Bandopadhyay, Alok Kole, P. Das","doi":"10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICPI.2016.7859706","url":null,"abstract":"This paper starts with a short introduction followed by the idea of mesopic photometry followed by different road lighting terminologies and concluded with the analysis of the S/P ratio and the SPD of the light sources. The light sources considered here are mainly concerned with the LEDs having variation in their CCTs. The road lighting actually consumes a significant amount of total energy requirement of a country all through the year. But from the point of view of security of road users road lighting is extremely important. With the passage of time role of road lighting has also gradually evolved from providing safety to drivers to providing visual comfort to the road users. Now road lighting also plays a major role in increasing the pedestrian feeling of safety and creating a better ambience. Thus visually acceptable and energy efficient road lighting is desirable. The mesopic luminance region lies between photopic and scotopic. The mesopic region covers luminance between about 0.001cd/m2 to 3cd/m2. It is neither luminosity function nor luminosity function alone are representative of the eye's spectral sensitivity in the mesopic region. Still today all dimensioning is based on the photopic luminosity function, which was established in 1924. Luminosity function describes the sensitivity of the retinal cone receptors and it is applicable to daytime vision. In the mesopic range both the rods and cones on the retina are active and this is believed to cause changes in the spectral sensitivity of the eye. LEDs are said to be the future light source because of their low energy usage and efficiency. The advantages of LEDs are that they are very robust, have a very long lifetime or up to 50,000 hours, they are easily dimmable and fail by dimming over time, rather than burn off like incandescent light bulbs. LEDs cause less glare irritation because of the smaller beam angle of the luminaire. The colour of the light depends on the composition and condition of the semiconducting material used. It can be infrared, visible or ultraviolet. Blue, green and red LEDs can be used to produce most perceptible colours, including white. Today, after many years of development, the LEDs on the market are now emitting white light in different colour temperatures as well as an advanced RGB control to produce coloured light to capture different moods for various aspects. Because of the huge potential of LED technology and the constant improvements in the quality (e.g. colour rendering), it can be predicted that the use of LEDs will become more common in both indoor and outdoor lighting with the advantage of energy savings due to their efficiency and long lifetime. Another advantage of using LED is it does not contain mercury (Hg), which is not an eco-friendly chemical and has adverse effect on human body.","PeriodicalId":6501,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Intelligent Control Power and Instrumentation (ICICPI)","volume":"27 1","pages":"221-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75125983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：