Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society最新文献

Agricultural environmental pollution needs to be reduced in our future. The biggest obstacles to preventing this situation are that agricultural inputs such as synthetic fertilizers increase product yield and scattered agricultural areas. This study involves the optimization of the production process of an easy-to-apply organic fertilizer with high nutritional value by subjecting bat guano, one of the valuable organic fertilizers, to anaerobic digestion together with cattle manure. Response surface method Box-Behnken design, a statistical model, was used for process optimization. The process input parameters were temperature, cattle manure, and bat manure, and the response value was considered as 2% total nitrogen. As a result of the optimization for a total nitrogen value of 2%, the optimum mixture ratio was determined as cattle manure 77.0448%, bat manure 12%, and temperature 40 °C. Analysis results showed that the addition of bat manure increased the N, P, K, and humic and fulvic acid values in the fertilizer. The study revealed that strong organic fertilizers can be used to increase the value of cattle manure organically. It also offers very promising results based on reducing agricultural pollution and ensuring agricultural sustainability.

New triheteroyclic compounds containing quinazolinone, thiophene, andthiadiazole /thiazolidinone structureswere synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, ¹H–NMR, and¹³C–NMRspectral data. The new compounds’ inhibitory activities on urease and acetylcholinesterase were assessed. All triheterocyclic compounds with thiadiazole ring have urease and acetylcholinesteraseinhibitory activities.Especially compound 5a; 3-[(5-(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]methyl-2-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-onehas the best urease inhibition result with 13.30 ± 0.15 µg/mL IC₅₀ value, and it also has the best acetylcholinesterase inhibition with 20.30 ± 0.15 µg/mL IC₅₀ value.

Since drug release behavior depends on the interaction between the drugs and carriers, the present work is to study the drug delivery system based on magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides containing europium (MgAl-Eu-LDH) for chlorogenic acid (CGA). Various characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrum, zeta potentials, UV–Vis absorption spectrum, scanning electron scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), CHN elemental analysis, and fluorescent spectra, were employed to investigate the drug delivery system. Results revealed that the CGA was loaded into MgAl-Eu-LDH. The drug delivery system based on MgAl-Eu-LDH exhibited more slow and sustained release of CGA compared with that of the previous methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil, and the drug release experiment can be reproducible. Moreover, the MgAl-Eu-LDH showed different fluorescence before loading CGA, during loading CGA, and after releasing CGA. These results may provide a reference for the development of CGA drug delivery systems with slow and sustained release.

An unexpected and selective synthetic technique was devised for 3-bromo-2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and 3-formyl-2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives synthesis, utilizing DMSO and copper(II) bromide under time-controlled settings. Initially, the imidazopyridines underwent bromination, followed by the subsequent conversion of the brominated imidazopyridines into formylated imidazopyridines. This innovative technique has various advantages over previous ones, such as sequential synthesis of brominated and formylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and, for the first time, utilizing CuBr₂ and DMSO as dual active agents simultaneously. This practical process can moreover produce two widely used products in the medical and pharmaceutical realm which increases its efficiency and adaptability.

Heavy metal pollution has become an increasingly prominent problem. Consequently, adsorbents with high heavy metal removal efficiency using a convenient synthesis method have to be developed urgently. The magnesium carbonate hydroxide microsheets modified activated carbon fiber (MCH@ACF) was prepared by a facile in situ hydrothermal method. The results of the characteristic of MCH@ACF indicated that a large amount of magnesium carbonate hydroxide porous microsheets is densely arranged on the surface of ACF. The Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cr₂O₇²⁻ ions adsorption kinetics of the MCH@ACF could be fitted with the pseudo-second-order model, and the results indicate the fast adsorption rate. The Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions adsorption on the MCH@ACF follow the Langmuir model, while the Cr₂O₇²⁻ adsorption on the MCH@ACF follows the Freundlich model. The theoretical adsorption capacity of the Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cr₂O₇²⁻ ions on the MCH@ACF is 558.6 mg/g, 1591.7 mg/g, 1802.8 mg/g, and 125.7 mg/g, respectively. The heavy metal ions removal performance of MCH@ACF under different pH conditions has been studied. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism could be ascribed to the binding of heavy metal ions with carbonate or hydroxyl group. The results indicated that the MCH@ACF can be used as the potential suitable candidate for heavy metal removal.

Gold-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) (Fe₃O₄@Au) were synthesized and utilized as catalyst for alcohol oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). First, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) were prepared and finally coated with a thin layer of gold. Structure and composition of Fe₃O₄@Au nanocatalyst were characterized by XRD, TGA, and FT-IR analysis. Size and morphology and size of particles were determined through TEM. Surface properties and topographies of coated nanoparticles were investigated by the AFM technique. The magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@Au nanoparticles were measured by VSM technique. After confirming the structure of gold-coated magnetic ION, its performance for the oxidation of various aliphatic and aromatic alcohols with TBHP was studied in water. Finally, the reusability of Fe₃O₄@Au nanocatalyst was evaluated after five consecutive cycles in the 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidation. The measured results revealed that the gold-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles can be reused well in the oxidation processes of alcohols with high efficiency.

In this work, it is designed and synthesized therapeutically active anti-urease agents based on 3-bromosulfanilamide-based acyl thioureas (4a-j) through reaction of brominated sulfanilamide with aromatic acids via isothiocyanate formation and characterized by using FT-IR, 1HNMR, ¹³C NMR and MS analysis. The freshly prepared compounds were screened for in vitro urease inhibition assay. The derivative 4a with an un-substituted phenyl group showed IC₅₀ value of 17.02 ± 0.011 against urease as compared to the standard thiourea (IC₅₀ = 21 ± 0.12 µM). Structure activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the electronic and positional effects of substituents on phenyl ring play important role for the inhibition of clinically important enzymes. Additionally, in silico investigation was carried out which demonstrated that the compounds have exhibited polar and nonpolar interaction with the crucial residues in the binding site of urease. The in vitro and in silico studies are in agreement as per kinetics and docking results indicating that the synthesized 3-bromosulfanilamide-based acyl thiourea derivatives may serve as potential hits for the discovery of new urease inhibitors.

Numerous chemical and physical features of porous materials depend on the presence of metal ions in their structure. Metalated organic covalent frameworks (MCOFs), which are formed by combining organic covalent frameworks (COFs) with metal ions, integrate high-stability covalent bonds with flexible coordinate bonds and thus have the common characteristics of COFs and metal species such as extraordinary chemical stability, regular structure, and flexibility in design, high mechanical strength, low density, and permanent porosity. These characteristics have caused MCOFs to be used in various fields such as energy storage, measurement and analysis, biomedical applications, catalysis, molecular adsorption, and separation. Our review attempts to provide an overview of the recent research progress on the applications of MCOFs for the adsorption and separation of different pollutants. Strategies used for MCOF-based adsorption and separation applications, as well as existing challenges and future directions for research in this area, are summarized.

Adatoms on metallic surfaces appear to be inexpensive reversible surface alloys. Platinum nanostructured electrode (PtNPs) opens up new avenues in electrochemistry. The prepared platinum nanostructured on a tantalum substrate using a square wave potential regime was permitted to maintain an open circuit via a 1 × 10^–3 M solution that included an ion of one element Sb, Sn, As, or Pb. As a result, the closeness of the permanently adsorbed adatoms on the previously described Pt-nanostructured electrodes was proved by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic properties of prepared adatoms on new platinum nanostructures deposited on tantalum supporting structures were tested by the examination of electrooxidation of formic acid and methanol in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. The results of the previously mentioned tools showed the electrocatalytic characteristics of the nanoparticles ready exterior were improved by the adatoms of the four systems with varying levels of progress. The optimum conditions were set at 100 Hz frequency,  − 0.4 V, and 0.0 V below the square wave limits in addition, above at amplitude 0.4 V, to prepare nanostructured platinum deposits. The current peak (I_p) and the current of chronoamperometric (I_CA) of HCOOH solution oxidation on Pt-nanostructured Sn_ad (47 mAcm⁻², 130 µAcm⁻²) have higher values than As_ad (20 mAcm⁻², 55 µAcm⁻²), Sb_ad (34 mAcm⁻², 100 µAcm⁻²) and Pb_ad (24 mAcm⁻², 30µAcm⁻²)-Pt electrode.

The study utilizes the colorimetric method (involving 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and potassium thiocyanate as complexing agents), computer vision, and machine learning (ML) regression algorithms to determine the content of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) in water samples. To process digital images of water samples, the integration technique utilized a flatbed scanner known as the CanoScan LiDE 100, operating as a digital image capture device, and its performance was compared to that of conventional instruments. The study reveals that PolyReg and SVR-Poly are the most reliable ML regression algorithms for processing color space data (G and B of RGB, c* of CIELch, and b* of CIELab) of digital images of water samples that contain Cr (VI) and Fe (III). The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the ML regression algorithms PolyReg and SVR-Poly for determining the content of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) is < 10% (with 8.48% error for Cr (VI) determination using PolyReg G of RGB and 6.78% error for Fe (III) determination using PolyReg B of RGB) in the estimation algorithm model. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) indicates that the prediction method is highly accurate. The Limit of Detection (LOD) value of the flatbed scanner colorimetric method integrated with PolyReg G of Red–Green–Blue (RGB) for Chromium (VI) and Blue of RGB for Iron (III) is approximately 0.02 mg/L. The Limit of Detection (LOD) for Chromium (VI) and Iron (III) is 0.0209 mg/L and 0.0257 mg/L, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) values from this technique are superior to those obtained from certain UV–vis spectrometric and colorimetric methods. The low LOD values demonstrate that this technique is suitable for estimating the concentration of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) in water samples for quality assessment purposes, as these values are below the maximum concentration levels established by various regulations, including US-EPA, ASEAN, and EECCA.

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