2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)最新文献
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234908
I. Dufour, Luis Iglesias Hernandez, P. Shanmugam, J. Michaud, D. Alquier, D. Certon, María D. Manrique-Juárez, T. Leïchlé, F. Mathieu, L. Mazenq, L. Nicu
Principles of gas detection using either resonant microcantilevers or CMUTs without sensitive coating are presented. The different principles which have been tested for hydrogen detection are based on the use of electrical measurements to estimate physical gas properties (mass density, viscosity, sound velocity).
{"title":"Resonant MEMS for Gas Detection Based on the Measurements of Physical Properties of Gas Mixtures","authors":"I. Dufour, Luis Iglesias Hernandez, P. Shanmugam, J. Michaud, D. Alquier, D. Certon, María D. Manrique-Juárez, T. Leïchlé, F. Mathieu, L. Mazenq, L. Nicu","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234908","url":null,"abstract":"Principles of gas detection using either resonant microcantilevers or CMUTs without sensitive coating are presented. The different principles which have been tested for hydrogen detection are based on the use of electrical measurements to estimate physical gas properties (mass density, viscosity, sound velocity).","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78280615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234947
M. Taheri, B. Zanca, S. J. Villegas, M. Dolgos, S. Bryant, S. Trudel
High pressure and high temperature sintering (on the order of several MPa and up to 1400 °C) is the conventional process employed to achieve dense ceramics from polycrystalline materials. This traditional process influences microstructure and grain morphology of samples, affecting their physical properties and device performance. Here, we present the variation of grain size through the conventional one-step and compare it to two-step sintering for micron- and nano-sized particles. The effect of grain size on the spontaneous electric polarization and dielectric constant of BaTiO3 ceramics are investigated. We find that two-step sintering can achieve high relative densities, while minimizing grain growth. Such a study is of significant importance to enable the measurement of as-prepared samples, easing the understanding of size-dependent properties.
{"title":"Densifying BaTiO3 Polycrystalline Ceramics Without Affecting Size and Ferroelectric Properties","authors":"M. Taheri, B. Zanca, S. J. Villegas, M. Dolgos, S. Bryant, S. Trudel","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234947","url":null,"abstract":"High pressure and high temperature sintering (on the order of several MPa and up to 1400 °C) is the conventional process employed to achieve dense ceramics from polycrystalline materials. This traditional process influences microstructure and grain morphology of samples, affecting their physical properties and device performance. Here, we present the variation of grain size through the conventional one-step and compare it to two-step sintering for micron- and nano-sized particles. The effect of grain size on the spontaneous electric polarization and dielectric constant of BaTiO3 ceramics are investigated. We find that two-step sintering can achieve high relative densities, while minimizing grain growth. Such a study is of significant importance to enable the measurement of as-prepared samples, easing the understanding of size-dependent properties.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87086926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234931
M. Underhill
The Cool-Oscillator with an effective noise temperature much lower than its ambient temperature, is predicted to give phase-noise improvements in excess of 10 to 16dB. It is a Q-multiplier (Q-M) model resulting from applying feedback-control-theory to Leeson's model. It can more easily explain: (a) oscillator-spurs; (b) injection-locking; and (c) spectrum-collapse. Control system analysis predicts system performance in each case and indicates by how much it can be improved. A simple crystal oscillator test circuit is proposed for future experimental investigation of the cool paradigm.
{"title":"The Cool Oscillator Model with Predicted Performance in Practical Systems with Explanations of Oscillator-Spurs and Injection-Locking Processes","authors":"M. Underhill","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234931","url":null,"abstract":"The Cool-Oscillator with an effective noise temperature much lower than its ambient temperature, is predicted to give phase-noise improvements in excess of 10 to 16dB. It is a Q-multiplier (Q-M) model resulting from applying feedback-control-theory to Leeson's model. It can more easily explain: (a) oscillator-spurs; (b) injection-locking; and (c) spectrum-collapse. Control system analysis predicts system performance in each case and indicates by how much it can be improved. A simple crystal oscillator test circuit is proposed for future experimental investigation of the cool paradigm.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87168738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234843
W. Hsieh, Erh-Shuo Hsu, Yu-Shun Yen, Sheng-Hsiang Kao, Ying-Che Huang, Min-Ho Wang
This work presents an ultra-miniature oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) using a hermetically sealed ceramic package with the size of $7.0 text{mm} times 5.0 text{mm}$. The oven structure combined within a heater-embedded ceramic package and a low thermal conductivity bonding adhesive provides excellent thermal performance, achieving temperature stability within ±10 ppb across −40 to 95°C. Hermeticity is accomplished with a seam-welded lid to a kovar ring on the ceramic substrate. In addition, a $2.5 text{mm} times 2.0 text{mm}$ SC-cut crystal is utilized to further improve the temperature stability, aging, gravity sensitivity, and phase noise performance that can be compliance with Stratum 3E specifications. The proposed ultra-miniature OCXO provides more robust and smaller package alternative for 5G outdoor applications, such as remote radio heads (RRHs), active antenna unit (AAU), and small cells.
{"title":"A Novel Miniature OCXO Using Hermetically Sealed Ceramic Package","authors":"W. Hsieh, Erh-Shuo Hsu, Yu-Shun Yen, Sheng-Hsiang Kao, Ying-Che Huang, Min-Ho Wang","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234843","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an ultra-miniature oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) using a hermetically sealed ceramic package with the size of $7.0 text{mm} times 5.0 text{mm}$. The oven structure combined within a heater-embedded ceramic package and a low thermal conductivity bonding adhesive provides excellent thermal performance, achieving temperature stability within ±10 ppb across −40 to 95°C. Hermeticity is accomplished with a seam-welded lid to a kovar ring on the ceramic substrate. In addition, a $2.5 text{mm} times 2.0 text{mm}$ SC-cut crystal is utilized to further improve the temperature stability, aging, gravity sensitivity, and phase noise performance that can be compliance with Stratum 3E specifications. The proposed ultra-miniature OCXO provides more robust and smaller package alternative for 5G outdoor applications, such as remote radio heads (RRHs), active antenna unit (AAU), and small cells.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87516430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234884
K. Yamasue, Yasuo Cho
Noncontact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (NC-SNDM) is a microwave-based scanning probe microscopy method detecting the variation in the tip-sample capacitance. By detecting the second order nonlinear effect in dielectric polarization, this method enables imaging spontaneous polarization in materials. Although dielectric polarization is a material property formulated in a somewhat macroscopic sense, a series of the measurement results on cleaned semiconductor surfaces suggest that atomic-scale polarization, or atomic dipoles, can be resolved by NC-SNDM. Here we review unique capability of this method and mention its significance in solid state and surface physics. We also explain a novel extension of NC-SNDM, called noncontact scanning nonlinear dielectric potentiometry (NC-SNDP), and its application to the nanoscale evaluation of two-dimensional materials. The results reviewed here show that these methods will be tools for the atomic-scale investigation of surface and interface charge states even in a quantitative way.
{"title":"Atomic Resolution Studies on Surface Dipoles by Noncontact Scanning Nonlinear Dielectric Microscopy and Potentiometry","authors":"K. Yamasue, Yasuo Cho","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234884","url":null,"abstract":"Noncontact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (NC-SNDM) is a microwave-based scanning probe microscopy method detecting the variation in the tip-sample capacitance. By detecting the second order nonlinear effect in dielectric polarization, this method enables imaging spontaneous polarization in materials. Although dielectric polarization is a material property formulated in a somewhat macroscopic sense, a series of the measurement results on cleaned semiconductor surfaces suggest that atomic-scale polarization, or atomic dipoles, can be resolved by NC-SNDM. Here we review unique capability of this method and mention its significance in solid state and surface physics. We also explain a novel extension of NC-SNDM, called noncontact scanning nonlinear dielectric potentiometry (NC-SNDP), and its application to the nanoscale evaluation of two-dimensional materials. The results reviewed here show that these methods will be tools for the atomic-scale investigation of surface and interface charge states even in a quantitative way.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89517791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234891
H. Hall, S. McDaniel, David Torres, P. Shah, L. Starman
In this work, small signal AC photothermal actuation of a large deformation, out-of-plane thin film structure is demonstrated and the frequency response up to 1 kHz is experimentally measured for laser illumination at a wavelength of 1532 nm. Results from frequency sweeps at different AC modulated laser power levels are coincident with a sub-resonant single-pole thermal response with effective cutoff frequencies ∼50 Hz. The maximum angular motion magnitude was ∼1.5° observed at 38 W/cm2 average incident power and modulation frequencies < 10 Hz. No mechanical resonant modes were observed, which was in agreement with simulation using commercial FEA software and additional laser vibrometry performed. The photoactuation measured is attributed to the inherent photoabsorption inherent to a portion of the multilayer stack of the support arms of the structure combined with slight asymmetries in the geometry and alignment of the incident infrared laser. This works shows a viable means quantifying the precision in motion that can be expected for remote actuation of these types of structures via photo illumination.
{"title":"Photothermal Frequency Response Characterization of Large Deformation Multi-layer Thin Film Structures","authors":"H. Hall, S. McDaniel, David Torres, P. Shah, L. Starman","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234891","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, small signal AC photothermal actuation of a large deformation, out-of-plane thin film structure is demonstrated and the frequency response up to 1 kHz is experimentally measured for laser illumination at a wavelength of 1532 nm. Results from frequency sweeps at different AC modulated laser power levels are coincident with a sub-resonant single-pole thermal response with effective cutoff frequencies ∼50 Hz. The maximum angular motion magnitude was ∼1.5° observed at 38 W/cm2 average incident power and modulation frequencies < 10 Hz. No mechanical resonant modes were observed, which was in agreement with simulation using commercial FEA software and additional laser vibrometry performed. The photoactuation measured is attributed to the inherent photoabsorption inherent to a portion of the multilayer stack of the support arms of the structure combined with slight asymmetries in the geometry and alignment of the incident infrared laser. This works shows a viable means quantifying the precision in motion that can be expected for remote actuation of these types of structures via photo illumination.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81001677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9264025
Renyuan Wang, S. Bhave
Lithium Niobate (LN or just niobate) thin-film micro-photonic resonators have promising prospects in many applications including high efficiency electro-optic modulators, opto-mechanics and nonlinear optics. This paper presents freestanding thin-film lithium niobate optomechanical resonators on a silicon platform using MEMS fabrication technology. We fabricated a 35 micron radiu niobate disk resonator that exhibits high intrinsic optical quality factor (Q) of 484,000. Exploiting the optomechanical interaction from the released free-standing structure and high optical Q, we were able to demonstrate acousto-optic modulation from these devices by exciting the 56 MHz radial breathing mode (mechanical Q of 2700) and 1.9 GHz mechanical mode using a hovering probe.
{"title":"Lithium Niobate Optomechanical Disk Resonators","authors":"Renyuan Wang, S. Bhave","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9264025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9264025","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium Niobate (LN or just niobate) thin-film micro-photonic resonators have promising prospects in many applications including high efficiency electro-optic modulators, opto-mechanics and nonlinear optics. This paper presents freestanding thin-film lithium niobate optomechanical resonators on a silicon platform using MEMS fabrication technology. We fabricated a 35 micron radiu niobate disk resonator that exhibits high intrinsic optical quality factor (Q) of 484,000. Exploiting the optomechanical interaction from the released free-standing structure and high optical Q, we were able to demonstrate acousto-optic modulation from these devices by exciting the 56 MHz radial breathing mode (mechanical Q of 2700) and 1.9 GHz mechanical mode using a hovering probe.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81320421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234848
V. Plessky, J. Koskela, S. Yandrapalli
Near cut-off frequencies, the shear horizontal (SH) and Lamb modes in a platelet are created by a bulk acoustic wave bouncing up and down between the platelet sides in an almost vertical direction. The small inclination angle corresponds to slow drift of energy along the platelet (low group velocity), but the attenuation of the bulk wave accumulates fast. Therefore, the attenuation of these waves along the platelet near the cut-off frequency is high, being roughly inversely proportional to the group velocity.
{"title":"Attenuation of Lamb Modes and SH Waves near cut-off Frequencies","authors":"V. Plessky, J. Koskela, S. Yandrapalli","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234848","url":null,"abstract":"Near cut-off frequencies, the shear horizontal (SH) and Lamb modes in a platelet are created by a bulk acoustic wave bouncing up and down between the platelet sides in an almost vertical direction. The small inclination angle corresponds to slow drift of energy along the platelet (low group velocity), but the attenuation of the bulk wave accumulates fast. Therefore, the attenuation of these waves along the platelet near the cut-off frequency is high, being roughly inversely proportional to the group velocity.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"170 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83013742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ifcs-isaf41089.2020.9234849
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ifcs-isaf41089.2020.9234849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ifcs-isaf41089.2020.9234849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"35 1","pages":"3-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85964956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234912
M. F. Wacker
A precision thermally controlled system and the associated measurement processes have been developed to facilitate accurate characterization of 10 MHz quartz resonators for noise and anomalous frequency behavior.
{"title":"Resonator Screening for Low Noise Applications Using a Compact Temperature Controlled Apparatus","authors":"M. F. Wacker","doi":"10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IFCS-ISAF41089.2020.9234912","url":null,"abstract":"A precision thermally controlled system and the associated measurement processes have been developed to facilitate accurate characterization of 10 MHz quartz resonators for noise and anomalous frequency behavior.","PeriodicalId":6872,"journal":{"name":"2020 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85996497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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