Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak1, Mirza Hasanuzzaman2, Małgorzata Wójcik3* 1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-eBangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh 3 Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak1, Mirza Hasanuzzaman2, Małgorzata Wójcik3* 1卢布林生命科学大学植物与植物生理学系，卢布林院士15,20 -950，波兰;2谢尔-孟加拉国农业大学农学系，孟加拉国达卡1207;3卢布林大学植物生理学系，生物与生物技术学院，Maria Curie-Skłodowska卢布林大学，卢布林院士19,20 -033，波兰
{"title":"Biostimulation and biofortification of crop plants – new challenges for modern agriculture","authors":"B. Hawrylak-Nowak, M. Hasanuzzaman, M. Wójcik","doi":"10.5586/AA.1777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1777","url":null,"abstract":"Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak1, Mirza Hasanuzzaman2, Małgorzata Wójcik3* 1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-eBangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh 3 Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43032838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Shåbab Mehebub, N. Mahmud, Mosaddiqur Rahman, M. Z. Surovy, D. R. Gupta, M. Hasanuzzaman, Mahfuzur Rahman, Tofazzal Islam
Chitosan (CHT) is a natural compound that has been used to control postharvest pathogenic diseases due to its capability of eliciting natural defense responses in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar CHT application on yield and quality of the litchi fruit. Chitosan was applied by spraying on to fruit and foliage just after fruit set four times at 7-day intervals with four varying doses viz. 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg L−1 and a control (0 µg L−1). Although the application of CHT had no significant effect on the size of the fruits (length and width), the total contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid and the antioxidant activity of litchi fruit arils were significantly increased in CHT-treated fruit compared with the untreated control. The highest phenolic, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents were 334 µg gallic acid g−1, 881 μg quercetin g−1, and 178 µg g−1, respectively, in fruits treated with 500 µg L−1 CHT. However, the highest antioxidant activity (622 μg butylated hydroxytoluene g−1) was recorded in 250 µg L−1 CHT-treated fruits. Our findings revealed that the application of low doses of CHT in a litchi orchard might improve fruit quality by increasing the content of antioxidants and antioxidant activities.
壳聚糖(CHT)是一种天然化合物，因其能引起植物的自然防御反应而被用于防治采后致病性疾病。本研究旨在探讨叶面施用CHT对荔枝果实产量和品质的影响。将壳聚糖以四种不同的剂量(100、250、500和1000 μ g L - 1)和对照(0 μ g L - 1)，每隔7天喷洒在果实和叶片上四次。虽然施用CHT对荔枝果实的长度和宽度没有显著影响，但与未经处理的对照相比，经CHT处理的荔枝果实中酚类物质、类黄酮和抗坏血酸的总含量和抗氧化活性显著增加。500µg L−1 CHT处理的果实中，未食子酸g−1含量最高，酚、类黄酮和抗坏血酸含量分别为334µg，槲皮素g−1含量为881µg，抗坏血酸含量为178µg g−1。然而，250µg L−1的cht处理果实的抗氧化活性最高(622 μg丁基羟基甲苯g−1)。研究结果表明，在荔枝果园中施用低剂量的CHT可能通过增加抗氧化剂含量和抗氧化活性来改善果实品质。
{"title":"Chitosan biopolymer improves the fruit quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)","authors":"Md. Shåbab Mehebub, N. Mahmud, Mosaddiqur Rahman, M. Z. Surovy, D. R. Gupta, M. Hasanuzzaman, Mahfuzur Rahman, Tofazzal Islam","doi":"10.5586/AA.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1773","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan (CHT) is a natural compound that has been used to control postharvest pathogenic diseases due to its capability of eliciting natural defense responses in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar CHT application on yield and quality of the litchi fruit. Chitosan was applied by spraying on to fruit and foliage just after fruit set four times at 7-day intervals with four varying doses viz. 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg L−1 and a control (0 µg L−1). Although the application of CHT had no significant effect on the size of the fruits (length and width), the total contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid and the antioxidant activity of litchi fruit arils were significantly increased in CHT-treated fruit compared with the untreated control. The highest phenolic, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid contents were 334 µg gallic acid g−1, 881 μg quercetin g−1, and 178 µg g−1, respectively, in fruits treated with 500 µg L−1 CHT. However, the highest antioxidant activity (622 μg butylated hydroxytoluene g−1) was recorded in 250 µg L−1 CHT-treated fruits. Our findings revealed that the application of low doses of CHT in a litchi orchard might improve fruit quality by increasing the content of antioxidants and antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47869304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hasanuzzaman, M. Matin, J. Fardus, M. Hasanuzzaman, M. Hossain, Khursheda Parvin
Lead (Pb) toxicity causes a severe impact on plant growth and productivity. A protective role of salicylic acid (SA) is well known under different abiotic stress conditions. However, very little is known about the SA-induced Pb resistance mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of SA on mustard plants (Brassica campestris L.) under Pb-stress conditions. Plants were exposed to three levels of Pb amendment to the soil (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mM), with or without SA (0.25 mM). Plant growth, yield attributes, and yield at harvest were reduced depending on the severity of the Pb stress. Exogenous application of SA improved plant growth and yield. Biochemical data revealed that Pb toxicity resulted in higher oxidative damage by reducing nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione at the higher dose of Pb treatment. Antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase – APX, monodehydroascorbate reductase – MDHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase – DHAR, glutathione reductase – GR, guaiacol peroxidase – POD, glutathione S-transferase – GST, and catalase – CAT) responses varied with the Pb doses. Both the nonenzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system were upregulated after application of SA, resulting in lower oxidative damage under Pb-stress conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that exogenous application of the SA mitigates Pb-induced oxidative damage and consequently results in better growth and yield in mustard plants.
{"title":"Foliar application of salicylic acid improves growth and yield attributes by upregulating the antioxidant defense system in Brassica campestris plants grown in lead-amended soils","authors":"M. Hasanuzzaman, M. Matin, J. Fardus, M. Hasanuzzaman, M. Hossain, Khursheda Parvin","doi":"10.5586/AA.1765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1765","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) toxicity causes a severe impact on plant growth and productivity. A protective role of salicylic acid (SA) is well known under different abiotic stress conditions. However, very little is known about the SA-induced Pb resistance mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of SA on mustard plants (Brassica campestris L.) under Pb-stress conditions. Plants were exposed to three levels of Pb amendment to the soil (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mM), with or without SA (0.25 mM). Plant growth, yield attributes, and yield at harvest were reduced depending on the severity of the Pb stress. Exogenous application of SA improved plant growth and yield. Biochemical data revealed that Pb toxicity resulted in higher oxidative damage by reducing nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione at the higher dose of Pb treatment. Antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase – APX, monodehydroascorbate reductase – MDHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase – DHAR, glutathione reductase – GR, guaiacol peroxidase – POD, glutathione S-transferase – GST, and catalase – CAT) responses varied with the Pb doses. Both the nonenzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system were upregulated after application of SA, resulting in lower oxidative damage under Pb-stress conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that exogenous application of the SA mitigates Pb-induced oxidative damage and consequently results in better growth and yield in mustard plants.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49513265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) of the family Clavicipitaceae. These associations range from parasitic to mutualistic and have dramatic effects on grass host chemistry, increasing resistance to abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) and biotic (vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, plant competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a range of bioprotective alkaloid and other nonalkaloid secondary compounds, several of them known to have detrimental effects on grazing animals. In the past two decades, epichloid endophyte strains have been selected with marginal or no capacity of producing ergot and/or lolitrem alkaloids. These novel endophyte strains have been introduced to several grass cultivars with the idea to increase grass host resistance to abiotic stresses without hindering grazing livestock, and abiotic stresses to ensure high competitive ability of symbiotic grass cultivars. In this presentation, we discuss mechanisms underlying the competitiveness of epichloid endophyte/grass associations and consequences of endophyte infection for grassland ecosystem functions.
{"title":"Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) fungal endophytes increase adaptation of cool-season perennial grasses to environmental stresses","authors":"D. Malinowski, D. Belesky","doi":"10.5586/AA.1767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1767","url":null,"abstract":"Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) of the family Clavicipitaceae. These associations range from parasitic to mutualistic and have dramatic effects on grass host chemistry, increasing resistance to abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) and biotic (vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, plant competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a range of bioprotective alkaloid and other nonalkaloid secondary compounds, several of them known to have detrimental effects on grazing animals. In the past two decades, epichloid endophyte strains have been selected with marginal or no capacity of producing ergot and/or lolitrem alkaloids. These novel endophyte strains have been introduced to several grass cultivars with the idea to increase grass host resistance to abiotic stresses without hindering grazing livestock, and abiotic stresses to ensure high competitive ability of symbiotic grass cultivars. In this presentation, we discuss mechanisms underlying the competitiveness of epichloid endophyte/grass associations and consequences of endophyte infection for grassland ecosystem functions.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of two mineral selenium forms (selenite Se4+ or selenate Se6+) on the accumulation of this element by alfalfa (Medicago sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus var. sativus), and white mustard (Sinapis alba) at early stages of plant development for biofortification of sprouts with selenium, and the impact of this process on selected phytochemical traits. For this purpose, selenium-biofortified sprouts were analyzed for the contents of l-ascorbic acid and anthocyanin as well as their antioxidant activity. Additionally, the concentration of selenium in the biomass was determined. It was demonstrated that the application of selenium contributed to increased bioaccumulation of the element in the sprouts, constituting an effective method for the production of selenium-biofortified food. Selenate was accumulated less efficiently than was selenite. It was found that a concentration of 20 µmol L−1 Se in the form of both selenate and selenite was an optimal dose for enrichment of the sprouts with this element. Biofortification of the experimental species with selenium (20 µmol L−1) generally increased accumulation of anthocyanins but did not significantly alter the level of l-ascorbic acid and free radical scavenging activity. Therefore, it seems that consumption of selenium-biofortified sprouts can be an effective way to supplement low-selenium diets with this element.
{"title":"Selected antioxidant properties of alfalfa, radish, and white mustard sprouts biofortified with selenium","authors":"W. Woch, B. Hawrylak-Nowak","doi":"10.5586/AA.1768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1768","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of two mineral selenium forms (selenite Se4+ or selenate Se6+) on the accumulation of this element by alfalfa (Medicago sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus var. sativus), and white mustard (Sinapis alba) at early stages of plant development for biofortification of sprouts with selenium, and the impact of this process on selected phytochemical traits. For this purpose, selenium-biofortified sprouts were analyzed for the contents of l-ascorbic acid and anthocyanin as well as their antioxidant activity. Additionally, the concentration of selenium in the biomass was determined. It was demonstrated that the application of selenium contributed to increased bioaccumulation of the element in the sprouts, constituting an effective method for the production of selenium-biofortified food. Selenate was accumulated less efficiently than was selenite. It was found that a concentration of 20 µmol L−1 Se in the form of both selenate and selenite was an optimal dose for enrichment of the sprouts with this element. Biofortification of the experimental species with selenium (20 µmol L−1) generally increased accumulation of anthocyanins but did not significantly alter the level of l-ascorbic acid and free radical scavenging activity. Therefore, it seems that consumption of selenium-biofortified sprouts can be an effective way to supplement low-selenium diets with this element.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moumita, J. Mahmud, P. K. Biswas, K. Nahar, M. Fujita, M. Hasanuzzaman
Drought stress is a major problem in wheat production but it could be managed by using various exogenous protectants such as gibberellic acid (GA). Although GA is a plant growth hormone, it shows a potential to protect the plant in stress conditions. To investigate the possible role of GA in mitigating drought stress, we treated wheat (Triticum aestivum ‘BARI Gom-21’) seedlings with a GA spray under semihydroponic conditions. In the experiment, the combined effect of GA and drought stress (induced by 12% polyethylene glycol) was studied after 48 h and 72 h. In the absence of exogenous GA, drought-stressed wheat seedlings showed various physiological and biochemical changes in a time-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and free proline (Pro) concentrations were increased, whereas catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were reduced under drought stress. Gibberellic acid played a role in restoring the ascorbate (AsA) level, decreased the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and reduced monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities. Gibberellic acid significantly affected the glyoxalase system. Under drought stress, the methylglyoxal (MG) concentration was increased but GA application stimulated glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities to protect the wheat seedlings against stress. The study concluded that the severity of drought stress in wheat depends on the growth stage and it increases with an increase in the duration of stress, whereas exogenous GA helped the seedlings to survive by upregulating antioxidant defense mechanisms and the glyoxalase system.
{"title":"Exogenous application of gibberellic acid mitigates drought-induced damage in spring wheat","authors":"Moumita, J. Mahmud, P. K. Biswas, K. Nahar, M. Fujita, M. Hasanuzzaman","doi":"10.5586/AA.1776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1776","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is a major problem in wheat production but it could be managed by using various exogenous protectants such as gibberellic acid (GA). Although GA is a plant growth hormone, it shows a potential to protect the plant in stress conditions. To investigate the possible role of GA in mitigating drought stress, we treated wheat (Triticum aestivum ‘BARI Gom-21’) seedlings with a GA spray under semihydroponic conditions. In the experiment, the combined effect of GA and drought stress (induced by 12% polyethylene glycol) was studied after 48 h and 72 h. In the absence of exogenous GA, drought-stressed wheat seedlings showed various physiological and biochemical changes in a time-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and free proline (Pro) concentrations were increased, whereas catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were reduced under drought stress. Gibberellic acid played a role in restoring the ascorbate (AsA) level, decreased the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and reduced monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities. Gibberellic acid significantly affected the glyoxalase system. Under drought stress, the methylglyoxal (MG) concentration was increased but GA application stimulated glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities to protect the wheat seedlings against stress. The study concluded that the severity of drought stress in wheat depends on the growth stage and it increases with an increase in the duration of stress, whereas exogenous GA helped the seedlings to survive by upregulating antioxidant defense mechanisms and the glyoxalase system.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Mahmud, M. Hasanuzzaman, K. Nahar, Anisur Rahman, M. Fujita
To investigate the possible role of EDTA in mitigating cadmium (Cd) toxicity, we treated mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings with CdCl2 (0.5 mM and 1.0 mM, 3 days) alone and in combination with 0.5 mM EDTA in a semihydroponic medium. In the absence of EDTA, mustard seedlings accumulated Cd in their roots and shoots in a concentration dependent manner. Overaccumulation of Cd boosted generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anions (O2•−), increased lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) content. It also disturbed components of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased growth, leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content but augmented the proline (Pro) content. On the other hand, EDTA supplemented Cd-stressed seedlings improved the constituents of the AsA-GSH cycle with the upregulated activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, addition of EDTA to the Cd-stressed seedlings notably enhanced Gly I activity in contrast to the stress treatment. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreased Cd accumulation in the both shoots and roots, as well as increased other nonprotein thiols (NPTs) in leaves, including the phytochelatin (PC) content. It also decreased H2O2 and O2•− generation, lipid peroxidation and MG content but enhanced RWC, chl and Pro contents in the leaves, which confirmed the improved growth of seedlings. The findings of the study suggest that exogenous application of EDTA to the Cd-treated seedlings reduces Cd-induced oxidative injuries by restricting Cd uptake, increasing NPTs concentration and upregulating most of the components of their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.
{"title":"EDTA reduces cadmium toxicity in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by enhancing metal chelation, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems","authors":"J. Mahmud, M. Hasanuzzaman, K. Nahar, Anisur Rahman, M. Fujita","doi":"10.5586/AA.1772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1772","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the possible role of EDTA in mitigating cadmium (Cd) toxicity, we treated mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings with CdCl2 (0.5 mM and 1.0 mM, 3 days) alone and in combination with 0.5 mM EDTA in a semihydroponic medium. In the absence of EDTA, mustard seedlings accumulated Cd in their roots and shoots in a concentration dependent manner. Overaccumulation of Cd boosted generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anions (O2•−), increased lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) content. It also disturbed components of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased growth, leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content but augmented the proline (Pro) content. On the other hand, EDTA supplemented Cd-stressed seedlings improved the constituents of the AsA-GSH cycle with the upregulated activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, addition of EDTA to the Cd-stressed seedlings notably enhanced Gly I activity in contrast to the stress treatment. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreased Cd accumulation in the both shoots and roots, as well as increased other nonprotein thiols (NPTs) in leaves, including the phytochelatin (PC) content. It also decreased H2O2 and O2•− generation, lipid peroxidation and MG content but enhanced RWC, chl and Pro contents in the leaves, which confirmed the improved growth of seedlings. The findings of the study suggest that exogenous application of EDTA to the Cd-treated seedlings reduces Cd-induced oxidative injuries by restricting Cd uptake, increasing NPTs concentration and upregulating most of the components of their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Propagation by root cuttings is an easy and low-cost method for plant taxa with an ability to produce rhizomes or suckers. This research examined the possibility of using root/rhizome cuttings in the propagation of two difficult-to-root old rose cultivars, ‘Harison’s Yellow’ and ‘Poppius’. A plant-based preparation (Root Juice), titanium (Tytanit), and IBA (Chryzotop Green 0.25% IBA, Rhizopon AA 020 XX 2.00% IBA) were tested as rooting and growth enhancers for thick, medium, and thin rhizome/root cuttings. Additionally, observations were made to identify the site of the initial root and shoot formation. Shoots appeared before roots, without polarity. The visible swellings differentiating in new root/shoot buds in these two rose cultivars were placed along the rhizome. The primordia of root and shoot buds were situated near the pith rays and the vascular cambial zone. The trial reported here showed significant effects of the thickness of root cuttings and the preparations used in terms of rooting success and growth characteristics. Medium-sized cuttings of rose ‘Harison’s Yellow’ (45.0%), and thin cuttings of ‘Poppius’ (74.3%) achieved the highest rooting percentages. The most effective treatment was with Chryzotop Green, but Root Juice 0.01% and Tytanit 0.04% (‘Poppius’) and 0.02% (both cultivars) also had positive activity. Root Juice and Tytanit can be suggested for rooting cuttings of these roses as eco-friendly preparations.
对于能够产生根茎或吸盘的植物类群来说，扦插繁殖是一种简单而低成本的方法。本研究考察了两种难根老玫瑰品种“Harison’s Yellow”和“Poppius”的根/根茎扦插繁殖的可能性。以植物为基础的制剂(Root Juice)、钛(Tytanit)和IBA (Chryzotop Green 0.25% IBA, Rhizopon AA 020 XX 2.00% IBA)作为粗、中、细根茎/根插条的生根和生长促进剂进行了试验。此外，还进行了观察，以确定根和芽的初始形成位置。芽出现在根之前，无极性。在这两个品种中，新生根/芽分化的明显肿胀位于根茎上。根芽和芽的原基位于髓射线和维管形成层附近。本试验结果表明，扦插厚度和所用制剂对生根成功率和生长特性有显著影响。中号扦插生根率最高的是“Harison’s Yellow”(45.0%)和“Poppius”(74.3%)。黄顶绿处理效果最好，但0.01%根汁、0.04% (' Poppius ')和0.02%的Tytanit(两个品种)也有阳性活性。根汁和泰坦尼特可以建议这些玫瑰插枝生根作为环保制剂。
{"title":"Rooting and growth of root cuttings of two old rose cultivars ‘Harison’s Yellow’ and ‘Poppius’ treated with IBA and biostimulants","authors":"M. Monder","doi":"10.5586/AA.1774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1774","url":null,"abstract":"Propagation by root cuttings is an easy and low-cost method for plant taxa with an ability to produce rhizomes or suckers. This research examined the possibility of using root/rhizome cuttings in the propagation of two difficult-to-root old rose cultivars, ‘Harison’s Yellow’ and ‘Poppius’. A plant-based preparation (Root Juice), titanium (Tytanit), and IBA (Chryzotop Green 0.25% IBA, Rhizopon AA 020 XX 2.00% IBA) were tested as rooting and growth enhancers for thick, medium, and thin rhizome/root cuttings. Additionally, observations were made to identify the site of the initial root and shoot formation. Shoots appeared before roots, without polarity. The visible swellings differentiating in new root/shoot buds in these two rose cultivars were placed along the rhizome. The primordia of root and shoot buds were situated near the pith rays and the vascular cambial zone. The trial reported here showed significant effects of the thickness of root cuttings and the preparations used in terms of rooting success and growth characteristics. Medium-sized cuttings of rose ‘Harison’s Yellow’ (45.0%), and thin cuttings of ‘Poppius’ (74.3%) achieved the highest rooting percentages. The most effective treatment was with Chryzotop Green, but Root Juice 0.01% and Tytanit 0.04% (‘Poppius’) and 0.02% (both cultivars) also had positive activity. Root Juice and Tytanit can be suggested for rooting cuttings of these roses as eco-friendly preparations.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that around 2 billion people across the globe are suffering from “hidden hunger”, where 815 million are under malnutrition. The major essential elements for humans are Fe, Zn, I, Se, Ca, F, and also vitamins. Among them, Zn is considered in the fifth place leading to causes of several deficiency diseases. At least one-third of the population in the world is facing Zn deficiency including around 450,000 children under the age of five. Vitamin A, Fe, and Zn deficiencies can be overcome through the biofortification of staple foodstuffs. This review emphasizes various breeding and agronomic approaches for the biofortification of Zn in wheat grains, which is an encouraging and cost-effective method to enhance the Zn contents of cereal grains. Recently, the Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), with technical support from CIMMYT, Mexico, released a promising new Zn-biofortified wheat cultivar, ‘BARI Gom 33’, a result from a conventional breeding program. It has 32 and 50–55 mg kg−1 Zn without and with soil application of ZnSO4, respectively. This cultivar could be a savior for a million people in South Asia, including Bangladesh.
{"title":"Breeding and agronomic approaches for the biofortification of zinc in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to combat zinc deficiency in millions of a population: a Bangladesh perspective","authors":"Shilpi Das, A. Chaki, A. Hossain","doi":"10.5586/AA.1770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1770","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that around 2 billion people across the globe are suffering from “hidden hunger”, where 815 million are under malnutrition. The major essential elements for humans are Fe, Zn, I, Se, Ca, F, and also vitamins. Among them, Zn is considered in the fifth place leading to causes of several deficiency diseases. At least one-third of the population in the world is facing Zn deficiency including around 450,000 children under the age of five. Vitamin A, Fe, and Zn deficiencies can be overcome through the biofortification of staple foodstuffs. This review emphasizes various breeding and agronomic approaches for the biofortification of Zn in wheat grains, which is an encouraging and cost-effective method to enhance the Zn contents of cereal grains. Recently, the Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), with technical support from CIMMYT, Mexico, released a promising new Zn-biofortified wheat cultivar, ‘BARI Gom 33’, a result from a conventional breeding program. It has 32 and 50–55 mg kg−1 Zn without and with soil application of ZnSO4, respectively. This cultivar could be a savior for a million people in South Asia, including Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47782744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rositsa Cholakova-Bimbalova, V. Petrov, A. Vassilev
Biostimulants offer a novel approach for the regulation of crucial physiological processes in plants. Recently, it has been observed that the application of biostimulants on both seeds and plants may ameliorate to some extent the negative effects of abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, and others. In the climate conditions of Bulgaria, the early developmental stages of warm climate crops, like maize, often occur under suboptimal temperatures. Although the mitigation of abiotic stress is perhaps the most frequently cited benefit of biostimulant formulations, little is known about their influence on chilling-stressed plants. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant from the group of protein hydrolysates on both the growth and the photosynthetic performance of chilling-exposed young maize plants grown in controlled environment. Here, we report that application of a protein hydrolysate increased the performance of chilled maize plants, as demonstrated by leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but did not affect their growth. Nevertheless, based on the better preserved photosynthetic performance of the biostimulant-treated maize plants exposed to chilling, we assume that under subsequent favorable conditions their growth would recover more quickly as compared to the untreated ones.
{"title":"Photosynthetic performance of young maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to chilling stress can be improved by the application of protein hydrolysates","authors":"Rositsa Cholakova-Bimbalova, V. Petrov, A. Vassilev","doi":"10.5586/AA.1769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AA.1769","url":null,"abstract":"Biostimulants offer a novel approach for the regulation of crucial physiological processes in plants. Recently, it has been observed that the application of biostimulants on both seeds and plants may ameliorate to some extent the negative effects of abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, and others. In the climate conditions of Bulgaria, the early developmental stages of warm climate crops, like maize, often occur under suboptimal temperatures. Although the mitigation of abiotic stress is perhaps the most frequently cited benefit of biostimulant formulations, little is known about their influence on chilling-stressed plants. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a biostimulant from the group of protein hydrolysates on both the growth and the photosynthetic performance of chilling-exposed young maize plants grown in controlled environment. Here, we report that application of a protein hydrolysate increased the performance of chilled maize plants, as demonstrated by leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but did not affect their growth. Nevertheless, based on the better preserved photosynthetic performance of the biostimulant-treated maize plants exposed to chilling, we assume that under subsequent favorable conditions their growth would recover more quickly as compared to the untreated ones.","PeriodicalId":6907,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agrobotanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42718806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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