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Digital Media Use Preference Indirectly Relates to Adolescent Social Anxiety Symptoms Through Delta-Beta Coupling 数字媒体使用偏好与青少年社交焦虑症状之间存在δ - β耦合关系
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00245-1
Sarah Myruski, Bridget Cahill, Kristin A. Buss

Adolescence is a period of profound biological and social-emotional development during which social anxiety symptoms commonly emerge. Over the past several decades, the social world of teens has been transformed by pervasive digital media use (e.g., social media, messaging apps), highlighting the urgent need to examine links between digital media use and mental health. Prior work suggests that a preference to use digital media to communicate emotions, rather than face-to-face contexts, is associated with emotion regulation vulnerabilities. Difficulties with emotion regulation are a hallmark of elevated anxiety, and the maturation of frontal-subcortical circuitry underlying emotion regulation may make adolescents especially vulnerable to the possible detrimental effects of digital media use. The current study leveraged an emerging neurophysiological correlate of emotion regulation, delta-beta coupling, which captures cortical-subcortical coherence during resting state. We test links among digital media use preferences, delta-beta coupling, and anxiety symptoms with a sample of 80 adolescents (47 females; 33 males) ages 12–15 years (M = 13.9, SD = 0.6) (80% White, 2% Black/African American, 16% more than one race, 2% Hispanic/Latine). Youth had their EEG recorded during 6 min of resting-state baseline from which delta-beta coupling was generated. Youth self-reported their social anxiety symptoms and preferences for digital media use vs face-to-face modalities. Greater digital media use preferences for both positive and negative social-emotional communication were associated with elevated social anxiety symptoms indirectly through high delta-beta coupling. This suggests that neural regulatory imbalance may be a pathway through which adolescents’ habitual preferences for digital media use over face-to-face communication relate to elevated social anxiety.

青春期是生理和社会情感发展的重要时期,在此期间,社交焦虑症状通常会出现。在过去的几十年里,青少年的社交世界已经被无处不在的数字媒体使用(例如社交媒体、即时通讯应用程序)所改变,这突出表明迫切需要研究数字媒体使用与心理健康之间的联系。先前的研究表明,倾向于使用数字媒体来交流情绪,而不是面对面的交流,与情绪调节的脆弱性有关。情绪调节困难是焦虑加剧的标志,而情绪调节基础的额叶-皮层下回路的成熟可能使青少年特别容易受到数字媒体使用可能产生的有害影响。目前的研究利用了一种新兴的情绪调节神经生理学相关性,即δ - β耦合,它捕捉了静息状态下皮层-皮层下的一致性。我们测试了数字媒体使用偏好、δ - β耦合和焦虑症状之间的联系,样本为80名青少年(47名女性;33名男性),年龄12-15岁(M = 13.9, SD = 0.6)(80%为白人,2%为黑人/非裔美国人,16%为多种族,2%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔)。青年人的脑电图记录在6分钟的静息状态基线,从该基线产生δ - β耦合。青少年自我报告了他们的社交焦虑症状和对数字媒体使用与面对面方式的偏好。通过高δ - β耦合,对积极和消极社交情绪交流的更大数字媒体使用偏好与社交焦虑症状的升高间接相关。这表明,神经调节失衡可能是青少年对数字媒体使用的习惯性偏好超过面对面交流与社交焦虑升高相关的一条途径。
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引用次数: 0
Culture and Awe: Understanding Awe as a Mixed Emotion 文化与敬畏将敬畏理解为一种混合情感。
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00243-3
Jennifer E. Stellar, Yang Bai, Craig L. Anderson, Amie Gordon, Galen D. McNeil, Kaiping Peng, Dacher Keltner

Recent work is establishing awe as an important positive emotion that offers physical and psychological benefits. However, early theorizing suggests that awe’s experience is often tinged with fear. How then, do we reconcile emergent positive conceptualizations of awe with its more fearful elements? We suggest that positive conceptualizations of awe may partially reflect modern Western experiences of this emotion, which make up the majority of participant samples when studying awe. To test whether awe contains more fearful qualities outside of Western cultures, we compared participants’ experiences of this emotion in China to those in the United States. In a two-week daily diary study (Study 1), Chinese participants reported greater fear than American participants during experiences of awe, but not a comparison positive emotion. In response to a standardized awe induction (Study 2), Chinese participants reported more fear, whereas American participants reported more positive emotions. Physiological changes in autonomic activity differed by culture only for heart rate, but not skin conductance or respiratory sinus arrhythmia. These findings reveal that awe may be experienced as a more fearful, mixed emotion in China than in the United States and suggest that current positive conceptualizations of awe may reflect a disproportionate reliance on modern Western samples.

最近的研究表明,敬畏是一种重要的积极情绪,能带来生理和心理上的益处。然而,早期的理论研究表明,敬畏的体验往往带有恐惧的色彩。那么,我们该如何协调新出现的积极的敬畏概念与其更多的恐惧元素呢?我们认为,敬畏的积极概念化可能部分反映了现代西方人对这种情感的体验,而在研究敬畏时,大部分参与者都是西方人。为了检验西方文化之外的敬畏是否包含更多的恐惧特质,我们比较了中国和美国参与者对这种情感的体验。在一项为期两周的每日日记研究(研究 1)中,中国受试者在体验敬畏时比美国受试者表现出更大的恐惧感,但在比较积极情绪时却没有表现出恐惧感。在对标准化敬畏诱导的反应中(研究 2),中国参与者报告了更多的恐惧,而美国参与者报告了更多的积极情绪。自律神经活动的生理变化仅在心率方面存在文化差异,而在皮肤电导率或呼吸窦性心律失常方面不存在文化差异。这些研究结果表明,在中国,敬畏可能是一种比美国人更恐惧的混合情绪,并表明目前对敬畏的积极概念可能反映了对现代西方样本的过度依赖:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s42761-024-00243-3。
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引用次数: 0
Speaking Well and Feeling Good: Age-Related Differences in the Affective Language of Resting State Thought 说得好,感觉好:静息状态思维情感语言中与年龄有关的差异。
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00239-z
Teodora Stoica, Eric S. Andrews, Austin M. Deffner, Christopher Griffith, Matthew D. Grilli, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna

Despite the prevalence and importance of resting state thought for daily functioning and psychological well-being, it remains unclear how such thoughts differ between young and older adults. Age-related differences in the affective tone of resting state thoughts, including the affective language used to describe them, could be a novel manifestation of the positivity effect, with implications for well-being. To examine this possibility, a total of 77 young adults (M = 24.9 years, 18–35 years) and 74 cognitively normal older adults (M = 68.6 years, 58–83 years) spoke their thoughts freely during a think-aloud paradigm across two studies. The emotional properties of spoken words and participants’ retrospective self-reported affective experiences were computed and examined for age differences and relationships with psychological well-being. Study 1, conducted before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, revealed that older adults exhibited more diversity of positive, but not negative, affectively tinged words compared to young adults and more positive self-reported thoughts. Despite being conducted virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic, study 2 replicated many of study 1’s findings, generalizing results across samples and study contexts. In an aggregated analysis of both samples, positive diversity predicted higher well-being beyond other metrics of affective tone, and the relationship between positive diversity and well-being was not moderated by age. Considering that older adults also exhibited higher well-being, these results hint at the possibility that cognitively healthy older adults’ propensity to experience more diverse positive concepts during natural periods of restful thought may partly underlie age-related differences in well-being and reveal a novel expression of the positivity effect.

尽管静息状态思维对日常功能和心理健康非常普遍和重要,但这种思维在年轻人和老年人之间有何不同仍不清楚。与年龄相关的静息状态思维情感基调的差异,包括用于描述静息状态思维的情感语言的差异,可能是积极效应的一种新的表现形式,并对幸福感产生影响。为了研究这种可能性,在两项研究中,共有 77 名年轻人(男 = 24.9 岁,18-35 岁)和 74 名认知正常的老年人(男 = 68.6 岁,58-83 岁)在思考-朗读范式中自由地说出了他们的想法。研究人员计算了口语的情感属性和参与者回顾性自我报告的情感体验,并考察了年龄差异以及与心理健康的关系。研究 1 是在 COVID-19 大流行开始前进行的,结果显示,与年轻人相比,老年人表现出更多积极的情感词汇,而不是消极的情感词汇,而且自我报告的想法也更积极。尽管研究 2 是在 COVID-19 大流行期间进行的,但研究 2 复制了研究 1 的许多发现,并在不同样本和研究环境中推广了研究结果。在对两个样本进行的综合分析中,积极多样性对幸福感的预测高于情感基调的其他指标,而且积极多样性与幸福感之间的关系不受年龄的影响。考虑到老年人也表现出较高的幸福感,这些结果暗示了这样一种可能性,即认知健康的老年人在自然的休息思考期间倾向于体验更多样的积极概念,这可能是幸福感中与年龄有关的差异的部分原因,并揭示了积极性效应的一种新的表现形式:在线版本包含补充材料,可在 10.1007/s42761-024-00239-z.上查阅。
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引用次数: 0
Mean Affect Moderates the Association between Affect Variability and Mental Health 平均情感调节情感多变性与心理健康之间的关系
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00238-0
Brooke N. Jenkins, Lydia Q. Ong, Anthony D. Ong, Hee Youn (Helen) Lee, Julia K. Boehm

Increasing evidence suggests that within-person variation in affect is a dimension distinct from mean levels along which individuals can be characterized. This study investigated affect variability’s association with concurrent and longitudinal mental health and how mean affect levels moderate these associations. The mental health outcomes of depression, panic disorder, self-rated mental health, and mental health professional visits from the second and third waves of the Midlife in the United States Study were used for cross-sectional (n = 1,676) and longitudinal outcomes (n = 1,271), respectively. These participants took part in the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE II), where they self-reported their affect once a day for 8 days, and this was used to compute affect mean and variability. Greater positive affect variability cross-sectionally predicted a higher likelihood of depression, panic disorder, mental health professional use, and poorer self-rated mental health. Greater negative affect variability predicted higher panic disorder probability. Longitudinally, elevated positive and negative affect variability predicted higher depression likelihood and worse self-rated mental health over time, while greater positive affect variability also predicted increased panic disorder probability. Additionally, mean affect moderated associations between variability and health such that variability-mental health associations primarily took place when mean positive affect was high (for concurrent mental health professional use and longitudinal depression) and when mean negative affect was low (for concurrent depression, panic disorder, self-rated mental health, and longitudinal self-rated mental health). Taken together, affect variability may have implications for both short- and long-term health and mean levels should be considered.

越来越多的证据表明,人与人之间的情感变化是有别于平均水平的一个维度,可以根据平均水平来描述个体。本研究调查了情感变异与并发和纵向心理健康的关系,以及平均情感水平如何缓和这些关系。美国中年研究 "第二波和第三波中的抑郁症、恐慌症、自评心理健康和心理健康专业就诊等心理健康结果分别用于横截面结果(n = 1,676 人)和纵向结果(n = 1,271 人)。这些参与者参加了全国日常经历研究(NSDE II),他们在8天内每天自我报告一次自己的情绪,并以此计算情绪的平均值和变异性。从横截面来看,积极情绪变异性越大,患抑郁症、恐慌症、使用心理健康专业人员的可能性就越大,自我评价的心理健康程度就越差。负面情绪变异性越大,预测恐慌症的概率越高。从纵向来看,随着时间的推移,积极情绪和消极情绪变异性的升高预示着抑郁可能性的升高和自我评定的心理健康状况的恶化,而积极情绪变异性的升高也预示着恐慌症概率的升高。此外,平均情感调节了变异性与健康之间的关联,因此变异性与心理健康之间的关联主要发生在平均积极情感较高时(对于同时使用心理健康专业人员和纵向抑郁而言),以及平均消极情感较低时(对于同时抑郁、恐慌症、自评心理健康和纵向自评心理健康而言)。综上所述,情绪的变化可能会对短期和长期健康产生影响,因此应考虑平均水平。
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引用次数: 0
Attuned to the Flux of Life: Relations Between Ability Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Reactivity 适应生活的变化:能力情商与情绪反应之间的关系
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00241-5
Michael D. Robinson, Roberta L. Irvin, Michelle R. Persich Durham

The field of ability-related emotional intelligence (ability EI) could benefit from new perspectives concerning dynamic operations. According to a recent perspective, variations in ability EI are likely to be linked to variations in skills related to evaluation. This perspective contends, perhaps counterintuitively, that higher levels of ability EI are likely to be linked to higher levels of emotional reactivity, defined in terms of stronger event-emotion relationships. Two studies (total N = 245) pursue such ideas in the context of multilevel models involving event valence and emotional experience. Variations in ability EI modulated event-emotion relationships in the context of laboratory inductions involving hypothetical events (Study 1), affective images varying in valence (Study 1), and with respect to naturally occurring variations in positive and negative daily events (Study 2), such that higher levels of ability EI were linked to stronger event-emotion relationships, regardless of whether events and emotions were positive or negative in valence. These results provide new evidence for recent theorizing concerning ability EI while speaking to functional versus dysfunctional perspectives on emotional reactivity.

与能力相关的情商(ability EI)领域可以从有关动态操作的新视角中获益。根据最近的一种观点,能力情商的变化很可能与评价技能的变化有关。这种观点认为(也许是反直觉的),较高水平的能力情感指数可能与较高水平的情感反应性有关,情感反应性的定义是事件与情感之间更强的关系。有两项研究(总人数= 245)在涉及事件价值和情绪体验的多层次模型中探讨了这一观点。在涉及假定事件的实验室诱导(研究 1)、情绪价位变化的情感图像(研究 1)以及自然发生的积极和消极日常事件变化(研究 2)的背景下,能力 EI 的变化调节了事件-情感关系,因此,无论事件和情绪的价位是积极还是消极,较高水平的能力 EI 都与较强的事件-情感关系相关联。这些结果为近期有关能力情感指数的理论研究提供了新的证据,同时也说明了情绪反应性的功能性与功能障碍观点。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescents’ Social Comparison on Social Media: Links with Momentary Self-Evaluations 青少年在社交媒体上的社会比较:与瞬间自我评价的联系
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00240-6
Kaitlyn Burnell, Jolien Trekels, Mitchell J. Prinstein, Eva H. Telzer

Adolescents are developmentally motivated to engage in social comparisons, and social media platforms provide abundant social information that facilitate comparisons. Despite the potential to trigger immediate emotional responses, little research has examined the day-to-day naturalistic occurrence of these comparisons and coinciding effects. Across fourteen days, 94 adolescents (51% female, Mage = 16.47) reported how their life compared to others’ lives on social media three times per day. Lateral comparisons were far more common than upward or downward comparisons and were not consistently correlated with self-evaluations (self-esteem, social connectedness, appearance satisfaction). Overall depressive symptoms was a risk factor for engaging in upward comparisons. When adolescents reported engaging in upward (relative to downward) comparisons at a given time point, they reported poorer self-esteem. When adolescents reported engaging in downward (relative to lateral) comparisons at a given time point, they reported greater self-esteem. Although rare, directional comparisons have in-the-moment associations with self-evaluations.

青少年具有参与社会比较的发展动机,而社交媒体平台提供了丰富的社会信息,促进了比较。尽管有可能引发即时的情绪反应,但很少有研究调查这些比较的日常自然发生和巧合的影响。在14天的时间里,94名青少年(51%为女性,Mage = 16.47)每天三次在社交媒体上报告自己与他人的生活。横向比较远比向上或向下比较更常见,而且与自我评价(自尊、社会联系、外表满意度)并不总是相关的。总体而言,抑郁症状是参与向上攀比的一个风险因素。当青少年报告在一个给定的时间点进行向上(相对于向下)比较时,他们报告的自尊心较差。当青少年报告在给定的时间点进行向下(相对于横向)比较时,他们报告的自尊心更强。虽然很少,但定向比较与自我评价有即时联系。
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引用次数: 0
Neural Reactivity to Social Reward Moderates the Association Between Social Media Use and Momentary Positive Affect in Adolescents 社交奖励的神经反应调节青少年社交媒体使用与瞬间积极情绪之间的关系
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00237-1
Madison Politte-Corn, Samantha Pegg, Lindsay Dickey, Autumn Kujawa

Peer relationships take on increasing importance during adolescence, and there has been considerable debate about the effects of social media use on adolescent emotional health. Little work has examined individual differences in brain function that might impact these associations. In this study, we examined the reward positivity (RewP) to social and monetary reward as a moderator of the relation between social media use and concurrent momentary affect in adolescents. Participants were 145 adolescents aged 14–17 (M = 15.23; SD = 1.08; 64.1% female; 71.7% White) at varying risk for depression (47 high-risk based on maternal depression history, 50 low-risk, 48 currently depressed). Measures of social media use, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were obtained through ecological momentary assessment. In a laboratory session, adolescents completed a computerized peer feedback task and a monetary reward task to elicit the RewP to social and monetary reward feedback. Multilevel models indicated that social media use and a smaller RewP to monetary rewards were associated with lower PA. However, social (but not monetary) reward responsiveness moderated the effect of social media use on momentary PA, such that social media use was associated with lower PA for adolescents with a relatively blunted RewP to peer acceptance, but not for those with an enhanced social RewP. Exploratory analyses indicated that this moderation effect was specific to female adolescents. The results highlight neural reactivity to social reward as a potential factor contributing to variability in the effect of social media use on affective health.

同伴关系在青春期变得越来越重要,关于社交媒体使用对青少年情绪健康的影响一直存在相当大的争论。研究可能影响这些关联的大脑功能个体差异的工作很少。在本研究中,我们考察了社会和金钱奖励的奖励积极性(RewP)作为青少年社交媒体使用与并发瞬间情感之间关系的调节因子。参与者为145名14-17岁的青少年(M = 15.23;sd = 1.08;64.1%的女性;(71.7%白人)有不同的抑郁风险(47例基于母亲抑郁史的高风险,50例低风险,48例目前患有抑郁症)。通过生态瞬时评估获得社交媒体使用、积极影响(PA)和消极影响(NA)的测量值。在实验阶段,青少年完成了计算机化同伴反馈任务和金钱奖励任务,以诱导RewP对社会和金钱奖励的反馈。多层次模型表明,社交媒体的使用和较小的RewP与较低的PA有关。然而,社会(而非金钱)奖励反应调节了社交媒体使用对瞬时自我认同的影响,例如,对于同龄人接受能力相对较弱的青少年,社交媒体使用与较低的自我认同有关,而对于社会自我认同能力增强的青少年则无关。探索性分析表明,这种调节作用仅针对女性青少年。研究结果强调,对社会奖励的神经反应是导致社交媒体使用对情感健康影响变化的潜在因素。
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引用次数: 0
Correction To: Subjective Socioeconomic Status Moderates How Resting Heart Rate Variability Predicts Pain Response 更正主观社会经济地位如何调节静息心率变异性对疼痛反应的预测
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00236-2
Jacinth J. X. Tan, Chin Hong Tan, Michael W. Kraus
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引用次数: 0
Examining Dyadic Stress Appraisal Processes Within Romantic Relationships from a Challenge and Threat Perspective 从挑战和威胁的角度研究恋爱关系中的双向压力评估过程
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00235-3
Brett J. Peters, Nickola C. Overall, Abriana M. Gresham, Ashley Tudder, Valerie T. Chang, Harry T. Reis, Jeremy P. Jamieson

The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat emphasizes how individuals appraise stress. Close relationship theories emphasize the interpersonal context, communication, and outcomes that arise from stress. We integrate these approaches by examining the individual variability surrounding appraisals of sufficient (more challenge, less threat) or insufficient (more threat, less challenge) resources to cope with demands and examining how these appraisals are associated with couples’ behavior and feelings toward each other. Across three studies, 459 romantic couples (N = 918), and various potentially stressful in-lab conversations (extra-dyadic problem, dislikes about each other, dependability, and relationship conflict), we found evidence that stress appraisals indicative of more challenge and less threat were associated with more approach- and less avoidance-oriented behaviors within interactions. These approach- and avoidance-oriented behaviors were associated with greater feelings of relationship security and well-being after the conversation. However, whose (actors or partners) appraisals and behaviors were associated with security and well-being varied across the three studies. This work provides theoretical and empirical evidence for an interpersonal emphasis on intraindividual stress appraisal processes through a dyadic and close relationships lens. Our integrative theoretical framework breaks away from the idea that stress is inherently “bad” or “maladaptive” to show that appraising stress as more manageable (more challenge, less threat) is associated with more relationship behaviors that approach incentives and less that avoid threats and enhance feelings of relationship security and well-being.

挑战和威胁的生物心理社会模型强调个人如何评估压力。亲密关系理论则强调人际环境、沟通以及由压力产生的结果。我们整合了这些方法,研究了个体对应对需求的资源充足(更多挑战,更少威胁)或不足(更多威胁,更少挑战)的评价,并研究了这些评价如何与情侣的行为和对彼此的感觉相关联。通过三项研究、459 对恋爱情侣(N = 918)以及各种潜在的实验室内压力对话(决裂外问题、不喜欢对方、依赖性和关系冲突),我们发现有证据表明,表明挑战多和威胁少的压力评估与互动中更多的接近型行为和更少的回避型行为有关。这些以接近和回避为导向的行为与谈话后更强的关系安全感和幸福感有关。然而,在三项研究中,谁(行为者或伴侣)的评价和行为与安全感和幸福感相关,却各不相同。这项研究从理论和实证角度证明了人际关系的重要性,即通过双人和亲密关系的视角来研究个体内部的压力评估过程。我们的综合理论框架打破了压力本质上是 "坏的 "或 "适应不良 "的观点,表明将压力评价为更容易管理(更多挑战、更少威胁)与更多接近激励的关系行为相关,而与更少的避免威胁、增强关系安全感和幸福感的行为相关。
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引用次数: 0
Subjective Socioeconomic Status Moderates How Resting Heart Rate Variability Predicts Pain Response 主观社会经济地位如何调节静息心率变异性对疼痛反应的预测
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00234-w
Jacinth J. X. Tan, Chin Hong Tan, Michael W. Kraus

Higher resting heart rate variability (HRV)—an index of more flexible response to environmental stressors, including noxious stimuli—has been linked to reduced perception of experimentally induced pain. However, as stress responses are adapted to one’s chronic environments, we propose that chronic exposure to threats captured by one’s subjective socioeconomic status (SSS) may shape different adaptations that produce distinct pain responses linked to higher resting HRV. Specifically, lower SSS individuals with more threat exposures may prioritize threat detection by upregulating sensitivity to stressors, such as acute pain. Therefore, higher HRV would predict greater perceived acute pain among lower SSS individuals. In contrast, higher SSS individuals with less threat exposures may instead prioritize affective regulation by downregulating sensitivity to stressors, producing lower pain perception with higher HRV. We examined this stress response moderation by SSS in 164 healthy young adults exposed to experimental pain via the cold pressor test (CPT). Resting HRV, indexed by the root-mean-square of successive differences in heart rate, and self-reported SSS were measured at rest. Pain perception indexed by self-reported pain and pain tolerance indexed by hand-immersion time during the CPT were assessed. Results revealed that among higher SSS individuals, higher resting HRV predicted lower pain reports and subsequently greater pain tolerance during the CPT. Conversely, among lower SSS individuals, higher resting HRV predicted higher pain reports and subsequently lower pain tolerance. These findings provide preliminary evidence that environmental stress exposures linked to one’s SSS may shape unique biological adaptations that predict distinct pain responses.

较高的静息心率变异性(HRV)是对环境压力(包括有害刺激)做出更灵活反应的指标,它与对实验诱导疼痛的感知降低有关。然而,由于应激反应是根据个人的长期环境而调整的,我们建议,长期暴露于个人主观社会经济地位(SSS)所反映的威胁中可能会形成不同的适应性,从而产生与较高静息心率变异有关的不同疼痛反应。具体来说,社会经济地位较低的人受到的威胁较多,他们可能会通过提高对压力源(如急性疼痛)的敏感性来优先检测威胁。因此,较高的心率变异将预示着较低 SSS 的人感知到的急性疼痛会更大。与此相反,SSS 值较高且受到威胁较少的人可能会通过降低对压力源的敏感性来优先调节情绪,从而在心率变异较高的情况下产生较低的疼痛感。我们通过冷加压试验(CPT),在 164 名暴露于实验性疼痛的健康年轻人中研究了 SSS 对压力反应的调节作用。我们测量了静息时的心率变异(以连续心率差的均方根为指标)和自我报告的 SSS。评估了以自我报告的疼痛为指标的疼痛感和以 CPT 期间手浸入时间为指标的疼痛耐受性。结果显示,在 SSS 较高的人中,静息心率变异较高的人疼痛报告较低,因此在 CPT 期间疼痛耐受性较高。相反,在 SSS 值较低的人中,静息心率变异越大,疼痛报告越高,疼痛耐受性也越低。这些发现提供了初步证据,表明与个人SSS相关的环境压力暴露可能会形成独特的生物适应性,从而预测不同的疼痛反应。
{"title":"Subjective Socioeconomic Status Moderates How Resting Heart Rate Variability Predicts Pain Response","authors":"Jacinth J. X. Tan,&nbsp;Chin Hong Tan,&nbsp;Michael W. Kraus","doi":"10.1007/s42761-023-00234-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42761-023-00234-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Higher resting heart rate variability (HRV)—an index of more flexible response to environmental stressors, including noxious stimuli—has been linked to reduced perception of experimentally induced pain. However, as stress responses are adapted to one’s chronic environments, we propose that chronic exposure to threats captured by one’s subjective socioeconomic status (SSS) may shape different adaptations that produce distinct pain responses linked to higher resting HRV. Specifically, lower SSS individuals with more threat exposures may prioritize threat detection by upregulating sensitivity to stressors, such as acute pain. Therefore, higher HRV would predict greater perceived acute pain among lower SSS individuals. In contrast, higher SSS individuals with less threat exposures may instead prioritize affective regulation by downregulating sensitivity to stressors, producing lower pain perception with higher HRV. We examined this stress response moderation by SSS in 164 healthy young adults exposed to experimental pain via the cold pressor test (CPT). Resting HRV, indexed by the <i>root-mean-square of successive differences</i> in heart rate, and self-reported SSS were measured at rest. Pain perception indexed by self-reported pain and pain tolerance indexed by hand-immersion time during the CPT were assessed. Results revealed that among higher SSS individuals, higher resting HRV predicted lower pain reports and subsequently greater pain tolerance during the CPT. Conversely, among lower SSS individuals, higher resting HRV predicted higher pain reports and subsequently lower pain tolerance. These findings provide preliminary evidence that environmental stress exposures linked to one’s SSS may shape unique biological adaptations that predict distinct pain responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72119,"journal":{"name":"Affective science","volume":"5 2","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42761-023-00234-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Affective science
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