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Abstracts from the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society for Affective Science: Emotion Regulation 情感科学学会 2023 年年会摘要:情绪调节
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00231-z
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引用次数: 0
Emotion Regulation Convoys: Individual and Age Differences in the Hierarchical Configuration of Emotion Regulation Behaviors in Everyday Life 情绪调节车队:日常生活中情绪调节行为层次配置的个体和年龄差异
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00228-8
Marissa A. DiGirolamo, Shevaun D. Neupert, Derek M. Isaacowitz

A key limitation of studying emotion regulation behavior is that there is currently no way to describe individual differences in use across a range of tactics, which could lead to investigations of intraindividual changes over time or interindividual differences as a function of personality, age, culture, or psychopathology diagnosis. We, therefore, introduce emotion regulation convoys. This research tool provides a snapshot of the hierarchy of emotion regulation tactics an individual favors across everyday life situations and how effective they are at regulating moods. We present data from a 3-month measurement burst study of emotion regulation behavior in everyday life in a sample (N = 236) of younger (18–39), middle-aged (40–59), and older adults (60–87), focusing on how individuals’ convoys may vary in how much they include tactics that involve upregulating-positivity, downregulating-negativity, upregulating-negativity, as well as acceptance, and how these may be differentially effective. Among the most frequently used tactics (top tactics), older adults used a lower proportion of negativity-downregulating tactics than younger adults (p < .001), and younger adults’ mood was more negatively affected by these tactics than middle-aged and older adults. Overall, using positivity-upregulating as a top tactic also predicted better mood post-regulation. Older adults’ emotion regulation convoys may be made up of more effective tactics; in general, they reported more positive mood post-regulation than the other age groups. Convoys help us see emotion regulation as a hierarchical configuration of potentially effective behaviors, allowing us to test for between-group differences and within-person changes more precisely.

研究情绪调节行为的一个主要局限是,目前还没有办法描述个体在使用一系列策略时的差异,这可能会导致对个体内部随时间变化的研究,或作为人格、年龄、文化或精神病理学诊断功能的个体间差异的研究。因此,我们引入了情绪调节车队。这种研究工具可以提供个体在日常生活中偏好的情绪调节策略的层次结构,以及这些策略在调节情绪方面的有效性。我们展示了一项为期 3 个月的测量突变研究中的数据,该研究针对年轻人(18-39 岁)、中年人(40-59 岁)和老年人(60-87 岁)的日常生活中的情绪调节行为进行了抽样调查(样本数 = 236),重点研究了个人的车队在多大程度上可能会包括上调-积极、下调-消极、上调-消极以及接受等策略,以及这些策略的不同效果。在最常使用的策略(顶级策略)中,老年人使用消极性下调策略的比例低于年轻人(p <.001),而且年轻人的情绪受这些策略的负面影响比中老年人更大。总体而言,将积极上调作为首要策略也预示着调节后的情绪会更好。老年人的情绪调节车队可能由更有效的策略组成;总体而言,他们在调节后比其他年龄组的人报告了更积极的情绪。车队帮助我们将情绪调节看作是潜在有效行为的分层配置,使我们能够更精确地检验组间差异和人内变化。
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引用次数: 0
The Neural Separability of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation 情绪反应和调节的神经分离性
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00227-9
Jin-Xiao Zhang, Matt L. Dixon, Philippe R. Goldin, David Spiegel, James J. Gross

One foundational distinction in affective science is between emotion reactivity and regulation. This conceptual distinction has long been assumed to be instantiated in spatially separable brain systems (a typical example: amygdala/insula for reactivity and frontoparietal areas for regulation). In this research, we begin by reviewing previous findings that support and contradict the neural separability hypothesis concerning emotional reactivity and regulation. Further, we conduct a direct test of this hypothesis with empirical data. In five studies involving healthy and clinical samples (total n = 336), we assessed neural responses using fMRI while participants were asked to either react naturally or regulate their emotions (using reappraisal) while viewing emotionally evocative stimuli. Across five studies, we failed to find support for the neural separability hypothesis. In univariate analyses, both presumptive “reactivity” and “regulation” brain regions demonstrated equal or greater activation for the reactivity contrast than for the regulation contrast. In multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA), classifiers decoded reactivity (vs. neutral) trials more accurately than regulation (vs. reactivity) trials using multivoxel data in both presumptive “reactivity” and “regulation” regions. These findings suggest that emotion reactivity and regulation—as measured via fMRI—may not be as spatially separable in the brain as previously assumed. Our secondary whole-brain analyses revealed largely consistent results. We discuss the two theoretical possibilities regarding the neural separability hypothesis and offer thoughts for future research.

情感科学的一个基本区分是情绪反应和调节。长期以来,人们一直认为这种概念上的区别体现在空间上可分离的大脑系统中(一个典型的例子:杏仁核/半岛负责反应,前顶叶区域负责调节)。在本研究中,我们首先回顾了之前关于情绪反应性和调节性的神经可分性假说的支持和反对结果。此外,我们还通过实证数据对这一假说进行了直接检验。在五项涉及健康和临床样本(总人数 = 336)的研究中,我们使用 fMRI 评估了神经反应,同时要求参与者在观看情绪诱发刺激时做出自然反应或调节情绪(使用重新评价)。在五项研究中,我们没有发现神经分离假说的支持。在单变量分析中,推测的 "反应性 "和 "调节性 "脑区在反应性对比中的激活程度与调节性对比相同或更高。在多变量模式分析(MVPA)中,使用推定 "反应性 "和 "调节性 "区域的多体素数据,分类器对反应性(与中性)试验的解码比调节性(与反应性)试验更准确。这些发现表明,通过 fMRI 测量的情绪反应性和调节性在大脑中的空间可分性可能并不像之前假设的那样。我们的二次全脑分析显示了基本一致的结果。我们讨论了关于神经可分性假说的两种理论可能性,并对未来的研究提出了想法。
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引用次数: 0
Variety in Pleasant Activities is Associated with Improved Mental Health: Evidence from Two National Samples of U.S. Adults 愉快活动的多样性与心理健康的改善有关:来自两个美国成年人国家样本的证据
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00225-x
Anthony D. Ong, Soomi Lee

Engaging in a wide range of pleasant activities may provide mental health benefits, particularly for those genetically predisposed to depression. This study examined associations between pleasant activity variety, mental health, and genetic vulnerability in two U.S. cohort studies (N = 2,088). Participants reported depressive symptoms, mental healthcare visits, and engagement in pleasant activities over the past month. Greater variety of pleasant activities was associated with fewer depressive symptoms in both study samples. Individuals engaging in more diverse pleasant activities also had fewer mental health visits. Individuals with a higher genetic risk for depression experienced a stronger negative association between variety of pleasant activities and depressive symptoms compared to those with a lower genetic risk. These results highlight the potential of diverse pleasant activities as a means to enhance well-being, particularly among individuals genetically susceptible to depression.

参与各种令人愉悦的活动可能会给心理健康带来益处,尤其是对那些在遗传上易患抑郁症的人而言。本研究通过两项美国队列研究(N = 2,088)考察了各种愉快活动、心理健康和遗传易感性之间的关联。参与者报告了过去一个月中的抑郁症状、心理保健就诊情况和参与愉快活动的情况。在这两项研究的样本中,愉快活动种类越多,抑郁症状越少。参加更多不同的愉快活动的人也减少了心理健康就诊次数。与遗传风险较低的人相比,抑郁症遗传风险较高的人在愉快活动的多样性与抑郁症状之间的负相关更强。这些结果凸显了多样化的愉悦活动作为一种提高幸福感的手段的潜力,尤其是在遗传上易患抑郁症的人群中。
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引用次数: 0
Intraindividual Fluctuation in Optimism Under Daily Life Circumstances: A Longitudinal Study 日常生活环境下乐观情绪的个体内波动:纵向研究
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00224-y
Kanji Shimomura, Kenji Morita, Yuki Nishiguchi, Jeff C. Huffman, Rachel A. Millstein

Optimism is typically conceptualized as a relatively static tendency regarding positive expectations about one’s future. However, recent studies suggest that optimism may meaningfully fluctuate within individuals over time. To date, little is known about the characteristics of such state optimism and potential cultural difference in state optimism. Accordingly, we developed a Japanese version of the State Optimism Measure (J-SOM) and examined its validity and the nature of intraindividual state optimism fluctuations; we also examined relationships between the J-SOM and other measures of mental health, including trait optimism. We conducted two online longitudinal surveys with different time intervals (weekly, n = 97; monthly, n = 99) targeting university students. Results were largely consistent between the two surveys. We confirmed high factor validity and internal consistency of the J-SOM. The J-SOM showed significant correlations in expected directions with other measures such as depressive mood and subjective happiness. In addition, intraindividual changes in the J-SOM were associated with changes in mood and quality of daily life. Importantly, these associations between intraindividual change in optimism and in other variables were minimal for trait optimism. We also found that state optimism, compared with trait optimism, tended to show larger intraindividual changes over 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks. In summary, this study developed a translated version of the SOM and validated it, and then showed, for the first time, that state optimism can fluctuate within individuals in daily life over a span of several weeks.

乐观主义通常被概念化为一种相对静态的倾向,是对自己未来的积极预期。然而,最近的研究表明,乐观情绪可能会随着时间的推移在个体内部发生有意义的波动。迄今为止,人们对这种状态乐观的特点以及状态乐观的潜在文化差异知之甚少。因此,我们开发了日语版的状态乐观测量(J-SOM),并研究了其有效性和个体内部状态乐观波动的性质;我们还研究了 J-SOM 与其他心理健康测量(包括特质乐观)之间的关系。我们针对大学生进行了两次不同时间间隔的在线纵向调查(每周,n = 97;每月,n = 99)。两次调查的结果基本一致。我们证实了 J-SOM 具有较高的因子效度和内部一致性。J-SOM与其他测量指标(如抑郁情绪和主观幸福感)在预期方向上显示出明显的相关性。此外,J-SOM 的个体内部变化与情绪和日常生活质量的变化相关。重要的是,个体内部乐观情绪的变化与其他变量之间的关联对于特质乐观情绪来说是最小的。我们还发现,与特质乐观相比,状态乐观在 1 周、2 周、3 周、4 周和 8 周内的个体内部变化往往更大。总之,本研究开发了一个 SOM 的翻译版本,并对其进行了验证,然后首次表明,在日常生活中,个体的状态乐观情绪会在几周内发生波动。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life 绘制日常生活中的人际情绪调节图
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00223-z
Anh Tran, Katharine H. Greenaway, Joanne Kostopoulos, Sarah T. O’Brien, Elise K. Kalokerinos

The growing literature on interpersonal emotion regulation has largely focused on the strategies people use to regulate. As such, researchers have little understanding of how often people regulate in the first place, what emotion regulation goals they have when they regulate, and how much effort they invest in regulation. To better characterize features of the regulation process, we conducted two studies using daily diary (N = 171) and experience sampling methods (N = 239), exploring interpersonal emotion regulation in the context of everyday social interactions. We found people regulated others’ emotions nearly twice a day, regulated their own emotions through others around once a day, and regulated both their own and others’ emotions in the same interaction roughly every other day. Furthermore, not only did people regulate others’ emotions more often than regulating their own emotions through others, but they also put in more effort to do so. The goals of regulation were primarily to make themselves or others feel better, most often through increasing positive emotions, rather than decreasing negative emotions. Together, these findings provide a foundational picture of the interpersonal emotion regulation landscape, and lay the groundwork for future exploration into this emerging subfield of affective science.

关于人际情绪调节的文献越来越多,主要集中在人们使用的调节策略上。因此,研究人员对人们调节情绪的频率、调节时的情绪调节目标以及调节时所投入的精力知之甚少。为了更好地描述情绪调节过程的特征,我们使用每日日记法(171 人)和经验取样法(239 人)进行了两项研究,探讨了日常社会交往背景下的人际情绪调节。我们发现,人们几乎每天两次调节他人的情绪,大约每天一次通过他人调节自己的情绪,大约每隔一天在同一互动中同时调节自己和他人的情绪。此外,与通过他人调节自己的情绪相比,人们不仅更经常调节他人的情绪,而且为此付出了更多努力。调节的目的主要是让自己或他人感觉更好,最常见的方式是增加积极情绪,而不是减少消极情绪。总之,这些发现为人际情绪调节提供了一幅基础性的图景,并为今后探索这一新兴的情感科学子领域奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
The Future of Emotion Regulation Research: Broadening Our Field of View 情绪调节研究的未来:拓宽我们的视野
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00222-0
Kate Petrova, James J. Gross

Over the past few decades, emotion regulation research has matured into a vibrant and rapidly growing field (in 2022 alone, more than 30 thousand papers were published on emotion regulation). Taking stock of our progress, we ask “What does the future hold?” In this manuscript, we offer a roadmap for the next generation of research on emotion regulation. We begin by painting a picture of the field’s journey so far. We then outline a forward-looking agenda for broadening our field of view along three key dimensions: (1) increasing our resolution to see how regulatory strategies are flexibly and dynamically translated into tactics; (2) widening our viewing angle to embrace interpersonal emotion regulation; and (3) extending the timescale of emotion regulation research to examine how regulatory efforts are fine-tuned across the regulatory cycle and in the context of a broader range of affective experiences. In doing so, we highlight empirical studies that exemplify these three areas of focus and discuss the opportunities that lie before us. We close by offering a set of concrete practical and methodological recommendations for how the field can accomplish the goals we have outlined.

在过去的几十年里,情绪调节研究已经发展成熟,成为一个充满活力、快速发展的领域(仅在 2022 年,就发表了 3 万多篇关于情绪调节的论文)。总结我们的进步,我们不禁要问:"未来会怎样?在本手稿中,我们为下一代情绪调节研究提供了一个路线图。首先,我们描绘了该领域迄今为止的发展历程。然后,我们概述了一个前瞻性议程,以沿着三个关键维度拓宽我们的视野:(1)提高我们的分辨率,以观察调控策略是如何灵活、动态地转化为战术的;(2)拓宽我们的观察角度,以涵盖人际情绪调控;以及(3)扩展情绪调控研究的时间尺度,以考察调控努力是如何在整个调控周期和更广泛的情感体验背景下进行微调的。在此过程中,我们将重点介绍这三个重点领域的实证研究,并讨论摆在我们面前的机遇。最后,我们将就该领域如何实现我们概述的目标提出一系列具体的实践和方法建议。
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引用次数: 0
Habitual Expressive Suppression of Positive, but not Negative, Emotions Consistently Predicts Lower Well-being across Two Culturally Distinct Regions 对积极情绪(而非消极情绪)的习惯性表达性抑制能一致预测两个文化差异区域的较低幸福指数
IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00221-1
Chen-Wei Felix Yu, Claudia M. Haase, Jen-Ho Chang

Habitual expressive suppression (i.e., a tendency to inhibit the outward display of one's emotions; hereafter suppression) is often conceptualized as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. Yet, is this equally true for suppression of positive and of negative emotions? Across three studies and seven samples (total N > 1300 people) collected in two culturally distinct regions (i.e., Taiwan and the US), we examined the separability and distinct well-being effects of suppressing positive vs. negative emotions. Results consistently showed that (a) people suppressed their positive (vs. negative) emotions less, (b) the construct of suppression of positive (vs. negative) emotions was conceptually farther away from that of suppression of emotions in general, (c) suppression of positive and of negative emotions were only moderately correlated, and (d) only suppression of positive, but not negative, emotions, predicted lower well-being. An internal meta-analysis (k = 52 effect sizes) showed that these associations were robust to the inclusion of age, gender, and region as covariates. Future research may further probe the respective links between suppression of positive and of negative emotions and well-being across more cultural regions and across the life-span.

习惯性表达压抑(即抑制自己情绪外露的倾向,以下简称压抑)通常被视为一种适应不良的情绪调节策略。然而,对积极情绪和消极情绪的抑制是否同样如此呢?我们通过在两个不同文化背景的地区(即台湾和美国)收集的三项研究和七个样本(总人数为 1300 人),考察了压抑积极情绪与压抑消极情绪的可分离性和不同的幸福感效应。结果一致表明:(a) 人们压抑积极(与消极)情绪的程度较低;(b) 压抑积极(与消极)情绪的概念与压抑一般情绪的概念相去甚远;(c) 压抑积极情绪与压抑消极情绪仅有适度的相关性;(d) 只有压抑积极情绪(而非消极情绪)才能预测较低的幸福感。一项内部荟萃分析(k = 52 个效应大小)显示,将年龄、性别和地区作为协变量时,这些关联是稳健的。未来的研究可能会在更多的文化区域和整个生命周期中进一步探究抑制积极情绪和消极情绪与幸福感之间各自的联系。
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引用次数: 0
The Future of Affective Science: Introduction to the Special Issue 情感科学的未来:特刊导论。
Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00220-2
Michelle N. Shiota, Linda A. Camras, Ralph Adolphs

Modern affective science—the empirical study of emotional responding and affective experience—has been active for a half-century. The Future of Affective Science special issue considers the history of this field and proposes new directions for the decades ahead. Contributors represent diverse theoretical perspectives, methodological expertise, and domains of study, and the special issue includes both literature reviews and new empirical studies as illustrations. This introductory article synthesizes the contributions, articulating the broader context of the current status of our field and highlighting common themes across articles as well as gaps notable even in this special issue. Sections of the article address theoretical and conceptual issues, research methodology, the questions we ask, and translation of basic affective science to applied domains. We conclude that much has been learned from the first 50 years of affective science, and it is now time for new theories, new research questions, and innovative methods for the decades ahead.

现代情感科学对情感反应和情感体验的实证研究已经活跃了半个世纪。情感科学的未来特刊回顾了这一领域的历史,并为未来几十年提出了新的方向。贡献者代表了不同的理论视角、方法论专业知识和研究领域,特刊包括文献综述和新的实证研究作为例证。这篇介绍性文章综合了这些贡献,阐明了我们领域现状的更广泛背景,并强调了文章中的共同主题以及即使在本特刊中也值得注意的差距。文章的章节涉及理论和概念问题,研究方法,我们提出的问题,以及基础情感科学到应用领域的翻译。我们得出的结论是,从情感科学的前50年中学到了很多东西,现在是时候为未来几十年提出新的理论、新的研究问题和创新方法了。
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引用次数: 0
The Future of Immersive Mood Induction in Affective Science: Using Virtual Reality to Test Effects of Mood Context on Task Performance 情感科学中沉浸式情绪诱导的未来:利用虚拟现实测试情绪情境对任务表现的影响。
Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00213-1
Nadia Kako, Christian E. Waugh, Kateri McRae

A fundamental premise of affective and clinical science is that fluctuations in mood drive meaningful changes in cognition and behavior. These theories are often tested via laboratory mood induction procedures followed by performing an established task. Despite advances in understanding the temporal dynamics of emotions, it is still unclear whether it is the enduring mood that impacts subsequent task performance. Additionally, this design requires task switching, which may limit the impact of mood and affect task performance. We suggest that virtual reality (VR) offers a more powerful, immersive alternative to traditional mood induction methods and effectively addresses these limitations because it can be used to create mood contexts that occur simultaneously with task performance. VR creates an immersive, real-world experience while benefiting from a well-controlled laboratory setting (Diniz Bernardo et al., 2021). We first summarize the literature on mood induction methodologies, including evidence that VR creates a more immersive environment, leading to mood inductions that are greater in magnitude than other methods. We then report a novel empirical study on the feasibility of utilizing VR to create a mood context that occurs simultaneously with a gold-standard emotion regulation task. Our results indicate that VR was a powerful and enduring positive mood induction tool, resulting in immediate changes in mood and greater trial-by-trial positivity ratings during the concurrent task. Portions of this study were pre-registered on August 3, 2020, on the Clinical Trials website (project citation: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04496258).

情感和临床科学的一个基本前提是,情绪的波动会导致认知和行为发生有意义的变化。这些理论通常通过实验室情绪诱导程序进行测试,然后执行既定任务。尽管在理解情绪的时间动态方面取得了进展,但仍不清楚是否是持久的情绪影响了后续的任务表现。此外,这种设计需要任务切换,这可能会限制情绪的影响并影响任务性能。我们认为,虚拟现实(VR)为传统的情绪诱导方法提供了一种更强大、更身临其境的替代方案,并有效地解决了这些局限性,因为它可以用于创建与任务执行同时发生的情绪情境。VR创造了身临其境的真实世界体验,同时受益于控制良好的实验室环境(Diniz-Bernardo等人,2021)。我们首先总结了关于情绪诱导方法的文献,包括VR创造了一个更具沉浸感的环境的证据,导致情绪诱导的幅度比其他方法更大。然后,我们报告了一项新颖的实证研究,研究了利用虚拟现实创建情绪情境的可行性,该情境与金标准情绪调节任务同时发生。我们的研究结果表明,虚拟现实是一种强大而持久的积极情绪诱导工具,在同时进行的任务中,可以立即改变情绪,并提高逐个试验的积极性评级。本研究的部分内容于2020年8月3日在临床试验网站上预先注册(项目引文:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04496258).补充信息:在线版本包含补充材料,可访问10.1007/s42761-023-00213-1。
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引用次数: 1
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Affective science
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